高英第四课总结

3 We dare not forget today that we are the heirs of that first revolution. Let the
disciplined by a hard and bitter peace, proud of our ancient heritage, and
27 Finally, whether you are citizens of America or citizens of the world, ask of
the same high standards of strength and sacrifice which we ask of you.
anywhere in the Americas. And let every other power know that this
10 To that world assembly of sovereignstates, the United Nations, our last best
invective, to strengthen its shield of the new and the weak, and to enlarge the
responsibility; I welcome it. I do not believe that any of us would exchange
with any other people or any other generation. The energy, the faith, the
a good conscienceour only sure reward, with history the final judge of our

了解基本逻辑，避免常见错误要了解基本逻辑错误一定不能错过一篇英文小品文Love Is A Fallacy (作者Max Shulman)，这里仅列举出十种最常见的逻辑错误。

1.草率前提(Dicto Simpliciter)例如：Women are on average not as strong as men and less able to perform well politically. Therefore, women can't pull their weight in government work.点评：虽然女性确实在政界担任较少工作，但这不意味着女性群体中所有的人都是这样。

2.过度概化(Hasty Generalization)例如：McDonald's and KFC offer foods with little nutrition, and thus we cannot expect any fast food restaurant to provide us with nutritious foods.点评：两个个例不足以推出一个真理。

3.因果颠倒(Post Hoc)例如：Most young criminals watch violent movies before they commit their crimes; obviously, violent movies lead to juvenile delinquency.点评：甲事情发生在乙事情之前，这并不代表着先发生的甲事情就是后发生的乙事情的原因。

4.矛盾前提(Contradictory Premises)例如：If God can do everything, can he make a stone so heavy that he can't carry?点评：前提条件中就有相互矛盾的地方，结论当然是错误的。

高中英语必修四unit4知识点高中英语必修四unit4知识点很多同学进入高中以后，发现高中英语学习和初中英语学习有很多不同之处，你想知道必修四的英语课本有哪些知识点吗?下面是店铺为大家整理的高中英语必备的知识点，希望对大家有用!英语必修四unit4知识1. on the left side of the chart在图表的左边2. make notes作笔记3. act out表演出来4. the purpose of languange语言的目的5. give an example举例6. be interested in the development of 对…的发展感兴趣7. at a major hotel在大酒店8. local business people当地商人9. represent the Chinese government代表中国政府10. look around in a curious way好奇地四处张望11. disappoint your boss使老板失望12. an exciting experience一次另人兴奋的经历13. closely followed by…后面跟着…14. introduce…to…介绍…15. approach sb靠近…the approach of spring春天的到来the approaching examinations即将到来的考试16. touch her and kiss her on the cheek吻她的脸颊17. step back后退18. take a few steps away from离开…退开几步19. at the time as同时…20. reach his hand out to伸出手去…21. a learned man 有知识的人，有学问的人22. in the same way同样…23. spoken language口语24. express their feelings表达感情25. keep physical distance，保持身体距离高中英语知识重点It 作形式宾语用来替代作宾语的从句、动词不定式、动名词，而把真正作宾语的从句、动词不定式、动名词置于句尾。

高英第四课讲解1．…the child...is confronted…by her own mother and father…误译：……母亲和父亲出现在节目里；成功的孩子惊奇地面对自己的妈妈和爸爸讲解：此句中is confronted用了一个被动结构，而且从意义上讲，confront一词不是简单的“面对”，而是带有对立的隐含意义，而且，被动结构隐含着电视台的安排。

要译出这种意义来。

当然，这也是很费思量的。

是否可以考虑译为“你肯定看过那样的电视节目，在节目里，已经是‘成功人士’的孩子，在电视台的安排下，出乎意料地看见自己的母亲和父亲从后台蹒跚而出，与她面面相对”？——当然，这一译法也有很多毛病。

2．…the child…, as a surprise, by…误译：成功的孩子，作为一种惊喜，与……讲解：“作为一种惊喜”的主语是什么？是东西呢还是人？是“孩子”呢还是别的什么人？此句的翻译中，有少数同学用了“意外”二字，倒是不错。

有同学简简单单地用了“意外地与父母见面”，也很好。

3．A pleasant surprise, of course: What would they do…误译：多美妙的惊喜！当然了，如果父母和……讲解：原文中of course是跟a pleasant surprise走的，意义是it is of course a pleasant surprise。

of course后的冒号表示解释理由，相当于(It is a pleasant surprise, of course.) Why do I say it is of course a pleasant surprise, because what would they do if…。

那么该怎么译呢？4．Sometimes the mother and father weep, the child wraps them in her arms…误译：有时，父母哭了，孩子会拥他们入怀；有时母亲和父亲会掉眼泪，孩子就把他们搂在怀里；……孩子缠绕着她母亲的手臂；孩子靠在桌子旁把他们搂在怀里讲解：此句在结构上是两个没有使用连词连接的并列分句，实际上是对narrator想象中的情景的一个描述，这种描述往往是按时间连贯在一起的，因此只是两个并列的动作，动作一与动作二之间虽然有比较明确的逻辑关系（如时间、因果等），但并没有指明，因此所强调的只是两个纯粹的动作，也因此，翻译时使用“了”、“会”、“就”等词语就不合适了。

Unit 4 Everyday use for your grandmammaWhat is a plot?If an author writes, "The king died and then the queen died," there is no plot for a story. But by writing, "The king died and then the queen died of grief," the writer has provided a plot line for a story.A plot is a causal sequence of events, the "why" for the things that happen in the story. The plot draws the reader into the character's lives and helps the reader understand the choices that the characters make.The Structure of a plot1.Exposition - introduction of themain characters and setting2.Rising Action - one (or more)characters in crisis3.Climax - point of highest emotion;turning point4.Falling Action - resolution ofcharacter’s crisis5.Denouement (outcome) - “untyingof plot treads”; resolutionNarration NarratorFirst-person narration; third-person narrationNarrator ≠ authorThe titleThe meaning of the title requires the reader to read deeper within the short story. The phrase ―Everyday Use‖ brings about the question whether or not heritage should be preserved and displayed or integrated into everyday life.―Everyday Use‖ pertains not only to the quilt, but more so to people's culture and heritage and how they choose to honor it.The themeThe main theme in the story concerns the characters‘ connections to their ancestral roots.Dee Johnson believes that she is affirming her African heritage by changing her name, her mannerisms, and her appearance, even though her family has lived in the United States for several generations.The themeMaggie and Mrs. Johnson are confused and intimi dated by her new image as ―Wangero‖. Their own connections to their heritage rest on their memories of their mothers and grandmothers; they prefer to remember them for who they were as individuals, not as members of a particular race.Because of their differing viewpoints, they place different values on some old quilts and other objects in the home.The backgroundBy the 1960s, following the success of civil rights leaders like Martin Luther King, Jr. and Malcolm X, some African Americans began to take pride in their heritage as a way of gaining their esteem, forging a group identity, and creating a platform for greater political power.Known as ―black pride‖ or Black Nationalism, these ideas encouraged many young African Americans to l earn about their cultural ancestry, grow their hair into ―Afros‖, dress in traditional African clothing, and reject their ―slave names‖. Cultural nationalismCultural nationalism was founded on the belief that blacks and whites have separate values, histories, intellectual traditions and lifestyles and therefore that in reality, there are two separate Americas.Cultural nationalism was often expressed a as a conceptual and aesthetic return to the motherland (rarely an actual return), a recognition of the African roots that blacks in America had begun to forget as a result of slavery, biased education and stereotyped representations in the mass media.In his article, "Black Cultural Nationalism," Ron Karenga, one of the strongest voices in favor of cultural nationalism,writes,"Let our art remind us of our distaste for the enemy, our love for each other, and our commitment to the revolutionary struggle that will be fought with the rhythmic reality of a permanent revolution"Cultural nationalism on a visual level was expressed in the same way, by the wearing of brightly colored African clothing, such as dashikis, and the adaptation of the Afro hair style, both symbolic representations of the important relationship between Blacks in America and their African roots.Mama (Ms Johnson)The narrator of the story.She is a middle-aged or older African-American woman living with her younger daughter, Maggie.Although poor, she is strong and independent, and takes great pride in her way of life.She is over weight, and built more like a man than a woman. She has strong hands that are worn from a lifetime of work.MaggieDee‘s sister who wa s badly burned by a fire when she was young.She has low self-confidence and becomes uncomfortable when Dee is around.Maggie contrasts Dee by showing a special regard for her immediate family.DeeMrs. Johnson‘s older daughter.She is attractive, sophisticated, and well-educated.She is also very selfish, bold, and overly confident.When she returns home, she insists her family calls her Wangero because she wants to be a bigger part of her culture. The only reason she wants this is because it‘s sudde nly the new trend.the historical presentThe historical present (sometimes dramatic present) refers to the employment of the present tense when narrating past events. it is used in fiction, for ―hot news‖ (as in headlines), and in everyday conversation. In conversation, it is particularly common with ―verbs of communication‖ such as tell, write, and say (and in colloquial uses, go).The historical present has the effect of making past events more vivid.P1: the yard that Maggie and I made so clean and wavywavy: having regular curvesA wavy line has a series of regular curves along it.Here in the text the word describes the marks in wavy patterns on the clay ground left by the broom.P1: It is like an extended living room.Extended: enlargedP1: When the hard clay is swept cleanA fine-grained, firm earthy material that is plastic when wet and hardens when heated, consisting primarily of hydrated silicates of aluminum and widely used in making bricks, tiles, and pottery.粘土，泥土P1: the fine sand around the edges lined with tiny, irregular groovesFine: thin, in small particlesGroove nouna long narrow cut in the surface of sth hard:Cut a groove 3 cm from the top of the piece of wood.沟、槽P1: sit and look up into the elm tree榆树P2: homely and ashamed of the burn scarsNot handsome or beautiful: plain, unattractive. (Never say a woman or a girl is ugly. Say she is plain or homely.)Of a plain and unsophisticated nature: artless, unadorned, unpolished. (homely furniture)Of or relating to the family or household: domestic, household. (homely skills)P2: eying her sister with a mixture of envy and aweLook at and watch don‘t suggest the feelings of the person who looks.To eye means to look carefully, suspiciously, or thoughtfully, with fear, doubt, envy, desire, etc.P2: eying her sister with a mixture of envy and awenoun [U] feelings of respect and slight fear; feelings of being very impressed by sth/sb:awe and respectHe speaks of her with awe.be / stand in awe of sb/sth to admire sb/sth and be slightly frightened of them/it:While Diana was in awe of her grandfather, she adored her grandmotheramazement, wonderP2: She thinks her sister has held life always in the palm of one hand, that "no" is a word the world never learned to say to her.The world has satisfied her sister’s every desire.Her sister has a firm control of life.P3: the child who has "made it" is confrontedTo have made it: if you make it, you are successful in achieving sth. Difficult, or in surviving through a very difficult period.I believe I have the talent to make it.You are brave and courageous. You can make it.P3: the child who has "made it" is confronted1 (of problems or a difficult situation) to appear and need to be dealt with by sb: the economic problems confronting the country3 to face sb so that they cannot avoid seeing and hearing you, especially in an unfriendly or dangerous situation: This was the first time he had confronted an armed robber.P3: her own mother and father, tottering in weakly from backstage.1. [usually +adv. / prep.] to walk or move with weak unsteady steps, especially because you are drunk or ill/sick; stagger: She managed to totter back to her seat.2 to be weak and seem likely to fall: the tottering walls of the castleoutLoud enough so as to be heard. 大声讲！没人能把你怎么样。

Walker‘s women characters display strength, endurance, and resourcefulness机敏 in confronting — and overcoming — oppression
(racism and sexism) in their lives.
The Relationship between Dee and I
The Contrast between Dee and Maggie
The Climax: Grandma’s Quilts
Theme: Everyday Use
The Heirloom – Quilts: Display VS
高级英语第四课-Everyday-Use
高级英语第四课-Everyday-Use
3
About Alice Walker
After her junior year at the college, she won a scholarship as an exchange student to Uganda, and Kenya. This most probably helped her to understand the African culture.
When she went to Sarah Lawrence College in New York on scholarships in the early 60’s, the civil rights movement was in full swing. She was actively involved in the movement. She graduated in 1965, having the BA.

up.
There was nothing like......to cheer us up. 没有什么比得上....能让我们振奋起来。
没有什么比得上【一个帮助Barret挣钱的好主意】能让我们振 奋起来。
There was nothing like a marvelous/amazing idea to help Barret make money to cheer us up.
要是没有人来救我怎么办 ？我从来没有感到如此孤独和绝望。
What if no one came to my rescue? Never did I feel so lonely and hopeless/desperate.
总结 3.There was nothing like a good dinner and some music to cheer us
不难想象我的兴奋和激动当我得知伦敦美术馆要举办画展 。
总结
It was easy to imagine my excitement / thrill/θrɪl/ when I knew that a Chinese painting exhibition will be held in London.
总结 2. What if they were delayed? We felt so alone and desperate.
① What if.... 要是...怎么办呢 ？ ② Never did sb feel so alone and desperate/hopeless.
某人从来没有感觉过如此的孤独和绝望。
8. He paid us back by his commitment to save us from a slow but painful death. 他回报了我们，实现了他的承诺，把我们从缓慢而痛苦的

She is determined to stare down any disasters in her efforts. She has a temper. When she can not get what she wants, she will be angry, even looks at her mother with hatred.
as ambitious and aggressive as a white person
deeply influenced by the white people’s culture though from a black family.
look down upon her hometown from the standing point of city civilization hates almost all that she was born with
4)Other aspects
• Maggie said “ Mama, when did Dee ever have any friends?”(line107) It reveals that Dee is bad-tempered and is not easy to get along with.

1)Appearance
• Dee is lighter than Maggie, with nicer hair and a fuller figure.（line 60） • Her feet are always neat-looking.(line122) • Para.12 She is fashionable, good at dressing herself up.

高一英语第四课知识点The Fourth Lesson of English for Freshman YearIn the fourth lesson of freshman year English, we will be covering several important grammar concepts and vocabulary words. This lesson focuses on expanding our knowledge of sentence structures, verb tenses, and adjectives. Let's dive right in!1. Sentence StructuresIn this section, we will learn about different sentence structures and how to use them effectively in our writing and speaking. The three main types of sentence structures are simple, compound, and complex sentences.A simple sentence consists of one independent clause, which means it can stand alone as a complete thought:Example: John plays basketball every day.A compound sentence consists of two or more independent clauses joined by coordinating conjunctions:Example: Mary enjoys playing the piano, and she also loves singing.A complex sentence consists of one independent clause and one or more dependent clauses, which cannot stand alone:Example: Although it was raining, Sarah still went for a walk.2. Verb TensesIn this section, we will explore different verb tenses and their usage in various contexts. Understanding verb tenses is crucial for expressing actions and states at different times.Present simple tense: Used to express general truths, habitual actions, or permanent states:Examples: The sun rises in the east. I walk to school every day.Past simple tense: Used to describe completed actions in the past:Examples: I visited my grandparents yesterday. She played basketball last week.Future simple tense: Used to express actions that will happen in the future:Examples: I will meet you at the cinema tomorrow. They are going to travel to Europe next year.3. AdjectivesIn this section, we will learn about adjectives and their role in modifying nouns or pronouns. Adjectives provide additional information about the qualities or characteristics of the noun or pronoun they describe.Descriptive adjectives: These adjectives describe the qualities or attributes of the noun:Examples: The beautiful sunset painted the sky with vibrant colors. He is a talented musician.Limiting adjectives: These adjectives specify or limit the noun they modify:Examples: I have five dogs. Can you pass me that red pen?Comparative and superlative adjectives: These adjectives are used to compare and contrast qualities:Examples: This book is more interesting than the previous one. She is the tallest girl in our class.In conclusion, the fourth lesson of freshman year English provides a comprehensive overview of various grammar concepts and vocabulary words. By mastering sentence structures, verb tenses, and adjectives, we will enhance our communication skills and express ourselves more effectively. Keep practicing and applying these knowledge points in your daily English usage, and you will witness significant improvement in your language proficiency.。

Lesson Five 1. I‘d rather …… than ： prefer …… to …… .如：I’d rather deal with a simple man than a sophisticated man . 我宁愿与纯朴的⼈打交道，不愿与世故的⼈交往。

I had rather never have been born than see this day of humiliation. 我宁愿⾃⼰未曾出⽣，也不愿遭受今天的耻辱。

I would （had ） rather ……但愿（+that 从句中⽤过去式）。

如：I would rather he didn‘t tell her about it .我真希望他不告诉她这件事。

I had rather you did it alone . 但愿你⼀⼈做。

2. handicap ： 1） any disadvantage that makes success more difficult . 不利的因素。

如：Bad health is a handicap. ⾝体不好是不利因素。

His lack of English is a great handicap to him .他不懂英语对他是⼀⼤缺陷。

2 ） a physical or mental disability残疾。

如：Blindness is a great handicap.眼瞎是⼀⼤残疾。

3. at once at the same time ； simultaneously 同时。

如：It‘s hard for one to do two things at once .⼈很难同时做两件事。

4. eliminate： get rid of ； remove 消除。

如：to eliminate poverty根除贫穷； eliminate the prejudice消除偏见。

新高一英语第四课知识点New High School English Lesson 4: Key PointsIn the fourth lesson of the new high school English curriculum, students will be introduced to several key points that are essential for their understanding and development in the English language. These key points encompass various aspects, including vocabulary, grammar, reading comprehension, and speaking skills. Through a comprehensive study of these points, students will gain a solid foundation in English and enhance their overall language proficiency. Let's delve into the specifics of each key point.1. Vocabulary Expansion:Vocabulary plays a fundamental role in language acquisition. In this lesson, students will be exposed to a wide range of new words and phrases, covering various topics such as daily routines, hobbies, and interests. Through interactive exercises, including word association, matching activities, and contextual usage, students will be able to expand their vocabulary repertoire effectively.2. Grammar Application:Grammar forms the backbone of any language. In Lesson 4, students will focus on consolidating their understanding and application of basic grammar structures, including verb tenses (present simple, present continuous) and sentence formation (subject-verb-object). By analyzing sentence patterns, practicing sentence transformations, and engaging in interactive grammar drills, students will develop a solid grasp of fundamental English grammar rules.3. Reading Comprehension:Developing reading skills is crucial for students to comprehend English texts effectively. In this lesson, students will engage in various reading activities that aim to improve their reading comprehension abilities. They will read a variety of texts, including narrative passages, newspaper articles, and informational texts, followed by comprehension questions and discussions. This approach will enhance students' ability to extract information, infer meaning, and draw conclusions from written material.4. Speaking Practice:Fluency in speaking is vital for effective communication. Lesson 4 incorporates speaking activities that encourage students to express their thoughts and opinions confidently. Through role-plays, small group discussions, and presentations, students will develop theirspeaking skills, including pronunciation, intonation, and fluency. Moreover, these activities will foster critical thinking and allow students to engage in meaningful conversations in English.To facilitate students' learning and ensure effective absorption of these key points, the lesson will employ a variety of teaching methods and resources. These may include multimedia presentations, audio recordings, interactive online platforms, and collaborative learning experiences. Additionally, continuous assessment and feedback will be provided to monitor students' progress and address any areas of difficulty.In conclusion, Lesson 4 of the new high school English curriculum focuses on essential key points that form the foundation for students' language development. Through vocabulary expansion, grammar application, reading comprehension exercises, and speaking practice, students will acquire a solid grasp of English language skills. With regular practice and engagement, students will become more confident and proficient in their English proficiency, paving the way for successful communication and future language growth.。

Unit 4Text 11. dispatchbe dispatched to do sth = be send to do sth 被派遣做某事2. constitute = form/ make up3. in existence 现存的，现有的The temple is the oldest one in existence in China .4 .the name/date/title escapes me 忘记① I recognized her face but her name escapes me.② Nothing escaped his attention.5. methodical / methodically 有条理的、有条理地He does things methodically.6. as it happens 恰巧、正好① As it happens, we have got a room vacant.② I saw him yesterday as it happens.7. It is left sb to do sth 把…事留给某人来做It is left dad to get the packing done.8. artistry9. char10. corpse/corps11. technically speaking= in technical terms12.be branded with 留下…的烙印Each cow was branded with the ranch’s logo.13. cartDon’t put the cart before the horse.不要本末倒置14.fireball 火球15.thermal 热的、热能的16.ledge 壁架17.ditch 沟渠18. unearthly19. for good=for good and all=forever20. otherwiseHe reminded me of what I should otherwise have forgotten.21. (VP) the true measure of the event lies not in what remains but in all that has disappeared.22.A lies not in sth but in sth 不在于…而在于…23. rubble24. wreckage25.be dotted with 布满、分布The lake was dotted with sailboats.26. absencein the absence of 缺失缺乏～any evidence, the police had to let him go.27. in a flash 瞬间28.c ome into one’s own物尽其用、得到公认、充分发挥其能力①The two folk languages will at last come into their own.②Your suggestion will come into its own.③After many years of hard work, he came into his own.29. stumble30. outskirts31. in certain/some/one respects32. spare sb trouble/difficulty/pain 免除某人的麻烦…They did what they could to spare him any pain.33. intact=entire34. the end of the world= the doomed day 世界末日35. apprehend=fear36. peril=danger37. once and for all= completely38. counterpoise=counterbalanceHis fear of his father is counterpoised by a genuine respect.39. continuation40. none the＋比较级并没有…而…①I am none the wiser for your explanation.我并没有因为你的解释而开窍。

Die As You ChooseThe need for laws on euthanasia cannot be dodged for much longer.In one of the world’s smaller countries, mercy-killing is accepted by the medical establishment1and openly practiced a few thousand times each year. In one of the world’s biggest countries, euthanasia is condemned by the medical establishment, secretly practiced many times more often, and almost never comes to light2. Which of these countries has a mercy-killing doctor now languishing in its jails? It is the small one, Holland, which has rules for euthanasia and so can police it effectively. The Dutch doctor broke his country’s rules. There is a moral here for all the countries, and not just for the big death-forbidding country, America. Right now it is going over thearguments about euthanasia once again.In January the Journal of the American Medical Association published a bizarre letter, in which an anonymous doctor claimed to have killed a 20-year-old cancer patient at her own request3. This started a debate that will rumble on into the autumn, when Californians may vote on a proposed law legalizing euthanasia. The letter was probably written for polemical impact. It is scarcely credible. Its author claims that he (or she) met the cancer patient for the first time, heard five words from her –“Let’s get this over with”-then killed her. Even the most extreme proponents of euthanasia do not support such an action in those circumstances.Yet medical monstrosities that are hardly any better undoubtedly continue, almost as a matter of4macabre routine, in America, Britain and many other countries. It is disturbingly easy to find5doctors who will say, in private6, that they sometimes kill patients on purpose7. Most say they know somebody else who does. But because they canrarely discuss euthanasia openly with patients –even when those patients beg them for it –doctors tend to kill only when the dying are too far gone8to consent. Thus, because voluntary euthanasia is taboo, a doctor makes the decision himself9-and the patient is killed involuntarily in the night with a syringe. That is one price of keeping euthanasia secret10.If all forms of mercy-killing are wrong, they should remain taboo. But are they? Because many people accept that it is sad, undignified and gruesome to prolong the throes of death11with all the might of medical technology, passive euthanasia-letting patients die-is widely accepted. Most American states have “living-will”legislation that protects doctors from 12prosecution if they do not try to save someone who has said he does not want life prolonged. Active euthanasia--killing--remains controversial. How long can the distinction between killing and letting die hold out13?Just as there can be culpable omissions, so too can there beblameless acts. Suppose-to take an example from the moral philosophy books-that a man stands to gain from14the death of a certain child. The child strikes his head in the bath and falls unconscious. The man sits down and watches him drown. The fact that the man has performed no action15does not excuse him. Similarly, suppose that a doctor does no wrong by withholding some treatment in order that death should come sooner rather than later. Is he then necessarily wrong if he administers enough painkillers to kill? Does the fact that the doctor performed an action, rather than an omission, condemn him?Many doctors working on the battlefield of terminal suffering think that only squeamishness demands a firm difference between16 passive and active euthanasia on request17. Their argument for killing goes like this: one of a doctor’s duties is to prevent suffering18; sometimes that is all there is left for him to do, and killing is the only way to do it. There is nothing new in this view. When Hippocratesformulated his oath19for doctors, which explicitly rules out20active killing, most other Greek doctors and thinkers disagreed with his ban.Let the past be a guide21.Some people believe that the time of death is appointed by God and that no man should put the clock back on another22. Yet if a patient’s philosophical views embrace euthanasia, it is not clear why the religious objections23of others should intrude on24his death. Another worry is that a legal framework for euthanasia, permitting a doctor to comply with25a dying man’s request in a prescribed set of circumstances26, might pose dangers27for society by setting a precedent for killing. That depends on the society. Holland, arguably, is ready for it. It is probably no coincidence28that is was Dutch doctors who most heroically resisted pressure29to join in the Nazi medical atrocities that have given euthanasia its worst name. The same tenacious respect for individual liberty30that stopped them killing healthy people, who did not want to die, now lets them helpdying people who do.West Germany, by contrast31, will not be able to legalize any form of euthanasia for a long time to come32. Opposition is too fierce, because of the shadow of the past. Countries with an uninterrupted recent libertarian tradition have less to fear from33setting some limited rules34for voluntary euthanasia. By refusing to discuss it, they usher in35something.11medical establishment医疗机构2To come to light暴光3at one's request 根据他本人的要求4a matter of 大约, 大概5disturbingly easy to find 令人不安的很容易地找到6in private 私下, 秘密地7on purpose 故意8far gone 快要死的、快要结束的、烂醉的9makes the decision himself 自己做出决定10keep secret 保密, 把...保密11prolong the throes of death 延长死亡的痛苦12protect from 保护13hold out 坚持14stands to gain from 袖手旁观15performed no action 什么都没有做16a firm difference between 截然区分17on request 应…要求18prevent suffering 免遭痛苦19formulated his oath 制定信条20explicitly rules out 明确禁止21Let the past be a guide 前事不忘，后事之师22put the clock back on another 缩短他人的生命23religious objections 宗教的不同观念24intrude on 强加25comply with 遵守(意愿，要求或条件等)26a prescribed set of circumstances 一系列规定的情况27pose danger 造成危险28It is probably no coincidence 这或许不是巧合29heroically resisted pressure英勇无比地顶住了压力30 individual liberty 个人自由31by contrast 相比之下32for a long time to come 在未来相当长的时间里33have less to fear from 不太担心34setting some limited rules 制订有限的规定35Usher in 预示着C.1、S he skillfully dodged the questions about her private life.2、I t was very rude of him to intrude on my privacy.3、T he schools decided to withhold payment until they had completed the construction of the building.4、R eform and open-door policy has ushered in a new era of economic development.5、T hey started a campaign to legalize abortion.6、I f you let the boy go without punishment, he will use it as a precedent for doing wrong again.7、A fter the exposure of his lies the Congressman is no longer a credible politician.8、I t is arguable that primary school student should pay anytuition.D.1、T he warrior managed to dodge the arrow that came flying through the air.2、T he speaker’s last few words were drowned out by the audience’s thunderous applause.3、W ould I be intruding if I joined in your discussion?4、T he omission of a full stop at the end of the sentence is a deliberate act by the writer.5、T he newly-recruited soldiers swore an oath of loyalty to their country.6、T he suspect was accused of withholding some importantevidence from the court.7、W hether or not he is the best person for the promotion isarguable.8、H e has established himself as a credible businessman.F.现在迫切需要制定有关安乐死的法律。

高英第四课总结第四课Paraphrase1.Pianos and models, Paris, Vienna and Berlin, masters and mistresses, are not needed by awriter. (Paragraph 1)If you want to be a musician or a painter, you must own a piano or hire models, and you have to visit or even live in cultural centers like Paris, Vienna and Berlin. And also you have to be taught by masters and mistresses. However, if you want to be a writer, you don’t need all this.2.No demand was made upon the family purse. (Paragraph 1)Paraphrase: there was no need for a writer to spend much of the family money in order to write.3.It was she who used to come between me and paper whenI was writing reviews. (Paragraph3)Paraphrase: She used to cause arguments or problems between me and what I was writing.4.She was so constituted that she never had a mind or a wish of her own, but preferred tosympathize always with the minds and wishes of others. (Paragraph 3) (P56) Paraphrase: She was made up, formed or designed in such a way that she never had an opinion or a wish of her own, but preferred to think and act in harmony with other people’s minds and wishes.5. Above all----I need not say it ---she was pure. (Paragraph 3) P56Of all the qualities, purity was the most important one.6. In those days---the last of Queen Victoria---every house had its Angel. (Paragraph 3) P56 Paraphrase: On the first level, in the days of Queen Victoria, every house had a woman like that, who was sympathetic, charming and unselfish. On a deeper level, in the last period of the reign of Queen Victoria, the belief that every woman should be sympathetic, charming, unselfish, and above all, pure was prevalent in English society.7. Be sympathetic; be tender; flatter; deceive; use all the arts and wiles of our sex. (Paragraph 3) P56Paraphrase: Understand the mind of men and not to disagree with them; don’t be too harsh in your criticism; praise the book in an insincere way in order to please the reader, don’t write what you really thought or tell lies instead of telling the truth; use the sly, cunning tricks of our sex.Rhetorical devices1. It is true I am a woman, it is true I am employed; but what professional experiences have I had? It is difficult to say. (Paragraph 1)(Rhetorical question)2. What could be easier than to write articles and to buy Persian cats with the profits? But wait a moment. (Paragraph 3)(Rhetorical question)3 But to show you how little I deserve to be called a professional woman, how little I know of the struggles and difficulties of such lives , I have to admit that instead of spending that sum upon bread and butter, rent ,shoes and stockings, or butcher’s bills, I went out and bought a cat….. (Paragraph 2)其中：bread and butter: this set phrase means food and the most important and basic things. (synecdoche提喻)butcher’s bills: butcher’s bills stand for meat bought froma butcher. This is metonymy(转喻).4 .No demand was made upon the family. (Paragraph 1)Purse: (metonymy转喻) stand for money, financial conditions, e.g. the family purse家庭财政5. ―Killing the Angel in the House‖ (Paragraph 3) is a metaphor. (暗喻)6. It was she who used to come between me and paper whenI was writing reviews. (Paragraph 3) (metonymy) my paper －－my writing翻译句子1.It was she who used to come between me and paper whenI was writing reviews. (Paragraph 3) 就是她，在我写评论时，总是在我和我的写作之间制造麻烦。

2.Some companies are taking unfair advantage of this situation to expand their share of the market , often at the expense of more traditional and established companies.
本句是一个复合句。主句是the sharing economy is developing faster than,其中than引导的是比较状语从句;As is often the case意为“这是 常有的事”,是定语从句。
重点句式
1.As is often the case all over the world with new areas of economic activity , the sharing economy is developing faster than existing regulations or ongoing supervision.
expensive adj.昂贵的
We’ve just had a new garage built at great expense. He achieved fame and wealth at the expense of his health.
3.Some people have experienced damage to their properties whilst renting out their homes , and others have found themselves victims of theft or attack while sharing rides.

重点句式 It was only after graduating from university overseas and returning to visit her parents that Zhang realised the potential.
重点词汇 1.Zhang never thought that this was something she would end up doing.
guidance n.指导;引导;导航
There is guidance for teachers on how to use video in the classroom. Could you give us some guidance in studying this article?
distribute vt.分配;分发;分布
distribute...to...把……分给…… distribute...among/between...在……中分发……
Please distribute these pictures among/to the children. I told those international students that tea is widely distributed all over China.
end up以……结束,结果为……
If we neglect our future , we’ll end up in failure. Every time they went dancing they ended up in a bad mood.
【词汇拓展】 e end up in以……结束 (后接表抽象概念的名词) end up as...最终成为/变成……

Paras 29-44: the climax and verdict of the trial
2) To acquaint students with the Monkey Trail event
3) To help students to appreciate the writer’s style and abundant use of figure of speech.
Certain legal terms
Pp(3-9) Flashback
Para 1
• A buzz ran through the crowd as I took my place in the packed court on that sweltering July day in 1925. The counsel for my defence was the famous criminal lawyer Clarence Darrow. Leading counsel for the prosecution was William Jennings Bryan, the silver-tongued orator, three times Democratic nominee for President of the United States, and leader of the fundamental movement that had brought about the trial.
•
buzz: a noise of a low hum, low confused whisper/ a long continuous sound e.g. Mosquitoes buzzed around me all night. A buzz of excitement filled the courtroom as the defendant was led in.