上海市崇明区高三英语二模概要写作指导学案

202X崇明二模

Robotic Exoskeletons

机器人外骨骼

Thanks to robotic exoskeletons, victims of spinal cord （ 脊椎）injury have a new reason to hope.

Robotic exoskeletons, consisting of metal legs, motors, batteries, wiring, a controller and a set of strips,

work together like the user's bones muscles and nerves一outside the body. Fastened into an exoskeleton

and supported by sticks, users can direct the machinery to take them where they want to go.

多亏了机器人外骨骼，脊椎损伤的受害者有了新的希望。机器人外骨骼由金属腿、电机、 电池、电线、控制器和一组条带组成，就像用户的骨骼肌肉和神经一样在体外协同工作。固定 在外骨骼上并由棍棒支撑，用户可以指挥机器将他们带到他们想去的地方。

In addition to partly restoring mobility, robotic exoskeletons offer the significant mental and

physical health benefits of standing up and moving. Just being able to get up from a wheelchair gives

patients a more natural, positive view of the world. It also helps relieve pressure on patients, skin and

reduces the danger of pressure sores. Standing upright strengthens a disabled person's muscles and bones,

improves heart health, and reduces certain other health complications （并发症）.And it may actually

result in partial nerve repair, something that can only happen when a patient is able to move.

除了局部恢复活动能力外，机器人外骨骼还为站立和移动提供了显着的身心健康益处。仅 仅能够从轮椅上站起来，就可以让患者对世界有更自然、更积极的看法。它还有助于减轻患者 皮肤的压力并降低压疮的危险。直立可以增强残疾人的肌肉和骨骼，改善心脏健康，并减少某 些其他健康并发症。它实际上可能会导致局部神经修复，只有当患者能够移动时才会发生这种 情况。

As promising as this technology is, however, it is no simple cure-all for paralysis （ 瘫痪）or its

complications. The motion is not accurate compared with natural walking, and exoskeletons are not easy

to use, especially on surfaces that are not smooth. They are very expensive, costing about US$100,000.

Health insurance plans and government programs may not cover the cost of buying one.

然而，尽管这项技术很有前途，但它并不是瘫痪或其并发症的简单万能药。与自然行走相 比，运动并不准确，外骨骼也不容易使用，尤其是在不光滑的外表上。它们非常昂贵，本钱约为100,000美元。健康保险方案和政府方案可能不包括购置的费用。

Nevertheless, robotic exoskeletons, and access to them, will continue to improve. As with much

modem technology, robotic exoskeletons will likely become more capable and easy to use, even as their

cost goes down. Governments and insurers may increasingly see that the health benefits of these walking

machines outweigh the costs, making it easier to fund them. Perhaps the day will come when nearly

everyone paralyzed by spinal cord injury will be able to “walk” again.

尽管如此，机器人外骨骼及其使用方式将继续改良。与许多现代技术一样，机器人外骨骼 可能会变得更加强大和易于使用，即使它们的本钱下降。政府利保险公司可能会越来越多地看 到这些步行机器的健康益处大于本钱，从而更容易为它们提供资金。也许有一天，几乎每个因 脊髓损伤而瘫痪的人都能重新“行走

【参考答案】

Robotic exoskeletons, a kind of machinery working outside the body, give paralyzed patients new

hope to stand or walk again. They benefit patients a lot both physically and mentally. But currently,

they're hard to use for lack of accurate motion and difficult to access for high costs. But the situation is

improving with modern technology.(57words)

机器人外骨骼是一种在体外工作的机械，给瘫痪患者重新站立或行走带来了新的希望。它 们在身体和精神上都使患者受益匪浅。但目前，由于缺乏精确的运动且难以访问且本钱高，它 们很难使用。但随着现代技术的开展，情况正在改善。(57字)概要写作的写作步骤

第一步：阅读

A. 认真阅读给定的原文材料。如果一遍不能理解，就多读两遍。阅读次数越多，你对原 文的理解就越深刻。

B. 该决定原文中哪些局部重要，哪些局部次重要了。对重要局部的主要观点进行概括。

C. 简要地记下主要观点——主题、标题、细节等你认为对概括摘要重要的东西。

第二步：动手写作

A. 摘要应尽量用自己的话完成。不要直接引用原文的句子。

B. 应该遵循原文的逻辑顺序。这样你就不必重新组织观点、事实。

C. 摘要必须全面、清晰地说明原文所载的信息,以便你的读者不需翻阅原文就可以完全 掌握材料的原意。

D. 写摘要时可以采用以下几种小技巧：

1） 删除细节。只保存主要观点。

2）选择一至两个例子。原文中可能包括5个或更多的例子，你只需从中筛选一至二个例 子。

3） 把长段的描述变成短小、简单的句子。如果材料中描述某人或某事用了十个句子，那 么你只要把它们变成一两句即可。

4） 防止重复。在原文中，为了强调某个主题，可能会重复论证说明。但是这在摘要中是 不能使用的。应该删除那些突出强调的重述句。

5） 压缩长的句子。如以下两例：

“His courage in battle might without exaggeration be called lion-like."

可以概括为："He was very brave in battle.,,

“He was hard up for money and was being pressed by his creditor.,,

可以概括为："He was in financial difficulties.

6） 还可以使用词组代替整句或者从句。请看下面的例子：

"Beautiful mountains like Mount Tai, Lushan Mountain, and Mount Huang, were visited by only

a few people in the past. Today, better wages, holidays with pay, new hotels on these mountains, and

better train and bus services, have brought them within reach of many who never thought of visiting

them ten years ago.,, 可以概括为：

"Beautiful mountains like Mount Tai, once visited by only a few people, are today accessible to

many, thanks to better wages, paid holidays, new hotels and better transportation services.”

7） 使用概括性的名词代替具体的词，比方：

“She brought home several Chinese and English novels, a few copies of Time and Newsweek and

some textbooks. She intended to read all of them during the winter vocation.”

可以概括为："She brought home a lot of books to read during the vocation.

8） 使用最短的连接词。比方，可以使用but, then, thus, yet, though,不能使用at the same time,

in the first place, because of these, on the other hand等较长的连接词。通常，使用分号就能够达 成使用连接词的效果。

9）文章中的第一人称呼的话通常在摘要中转换成第三人称，从而把大段的对白简化，比 如：

Kate looked at Paul disapprovingly: You use much too much salt on your food, Paul 一 it's not

good for you!” Paul put down his knife and frowned: "Why on earth not! If you didn't have salt on your

food it would taste awful... like eating cardboard or sand... just imagine bread without salt in it, or