北京市西城区2020年4月高三物理 第1页（共10页） 西 城 区 高 三 统 一 测 试
物 理 2020.4
本试卷共10页，100分。考试时长90分钟。考生务必将答案写在答题卡上，在试卷
上作答无效。考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。
第一部分
本部分共14小题，每小题3分，共42分。在每小题列出的四个选项中，选出最符合
题目要求的一项。
1．下列说法正确的是 A．物体从外界吸收热量，其内能一定增加 B．物体对外界做功，其内能一定减少 C．物体温度降低，其分子热运动的平均动能增大 D．物体温度升高，其分子热运动的平均动能增大
2．图1是研究光的干涉现象的装置示意图，在光屏P上观察到的图样如图2所示。为了增大条纹间的距离，下列做法正确的是 A．增大单色光的频率 B．增大双缝屏上的双缝间距 C．增大双缝屏到光屏的距离 D．增大单缝屏到双缝屏的距离
3．太阳释放的巨大能量来源于核聚变。一个氘核与一个氚核聚变成一个氦核的同时释放出一个中子，若氘核、氚核、氦核和中子的质量分别为m1、m2、m3和m4，真空中的光速为c，那么一个氘核和一个氚核发生核聚变时，释放的能量是 A．2123()mmmc B．21234(+)mmmmc
C．123()mmmc D．1234(+)mmmmc
S1
S2 S P
单缝屏 双缝屏 光屏
单色光
图
1 图2 北京市西城区2020年4月高三物理 第2页（共10页） 4．如图所示，一列简谐横波向右传播，波长为0.20m ，P、Q两质点的平衡位置相距0.35m。当P运动到上方最大位移处时，Q的运动情况是 A．运动到上方最大位移处 B．运动到下方最大位移处 C．运动到平衡位置，且速度方向下 D．运动到平衡位置，且速度方向上
5．将一定值电阻分别接到如图1和图2所示的两种交流电源上，在一个周期内该电阻产
生的焦耳热分别为Q1和Q2，则Q1 : Q2等于 A．2 : 1 B．1 : 2
北京市初三4月模拟物理试卷
一、单项选择题（下列各小题的选项中，只有一个选项符合题意.共30分，每小题2分）
1．在如图所示的物理学家中，以其名字命名为压强单位的是
A焦耳 B 帕斯卡 C牛顿 D瓦特
2．下列物质中属于导体的是
A．橡皮 B．塑料尺 C．铅笔芯 D．透明胶带
3．下列现象中是由于光的反射形成的是
4．下列如图所示的四个物态变化的实例中，属于凝固的是
C.雨后天空中出现
美丽的彩虹 D.卢沟桥在水中
的“倒影” A.我国古代利用日晷
晷针影子变化计时 B.在海边观看到
海市蜃楼 第3题图
A.秋天的早晨，山间出现“白雾” B.我国古代用铜水铸造成精美的青铜器 C.深秋早晨，香山的红叶上出现“霜” D.春天来临，密云水库的冰快速减少
5．下列采取的措施中，属于减小摩擦的是
6．下列实例中，所采取的措施属于减小压强的是
7．下列四种情景中，所使用的杠杆为省力杠杆的是
第5题A．我国自主研制磁悬浮列车运行时，车身与轨道不接触 B．电脑鼠标的侧面和滚轮上有不同形状的条纹 C．我国网球运动员李娜在比赛击球中用力握紧球拍 D．矿泉水瓶的瓶盖上制有条纹 第4题图
题
A．滑冰运动员穿的冰刀下面很窄 第6题图
题 B．滑雪运动员穿的滑雪板很长很宽 C．吸管的一端做成斜面状 D．用来给墙壁打孔的风镐做的很尖
A．我国人民发明的用餐工具筷子 B．我国茶道中使用的镊子 C．制衣厂工人使用的剪线头的剪刀 第7题图
题 D．照相馆用切纸刀切割照片
8．在下列实例中，用热传递的方式来改变物体内能的是
A．用砂轮磨菜刀，菜刀的温度升高 B．将冰块放入饮料中，饮料的温度降低
C．用锯锯木头，锯条发热 D．寒冷的冬天，双手互搓，手的温度升高
9．估测在实际生活中的应用十分广泛，下列所估测的数据中最接近实际的是
北京市西城区2014年初三一模试卷
语 文 2014.４
一、基础运用（共24分）
（一）选择题。下面各题均有四个选项，其中只有一个符合题意，选出答案后在答题卡上用铅笔把对应题目的选项字母涂黑涂满。（共14分，每小题2分）
1、下列词语中加点字读音完全正确的一项是
A．脊梁（jǐ） 鸟瞰（kàn） 惬意（qiè） 谆谆教诲（huǐ） ．．．．
B. 倔强（juè） 庇护（bì） 相处（chǔ） 言简间赅（gǎi） ．．．．
C. 揭露（lù） 呜咽（yè） 机械（jiè） 惩恶扬善（chéng） ．．．．
D. 模样（mú） 游弋（yì） 自诩（xǔ） 水涨船高（zhǎng） ．．．．
2、下面句子中有错别字的一项是
A．各地的生态环境建设应该因地制宜，讲求实数，不能简单照搬他人的经验。
B. 平整的操场，宽敞的教室，舒适的桌椅，这座乡村小学的面貌涣然一新。
C. 清明小长假让人们既能有时间缅怀祭祀先人，还能有闲情逸致踏青赏春。
D. 李老师希望受到表彰的同学不骄不躁，再接再厉，创造更加辉煌的成绩。
3、结合语境，在下列句子中的横线处填写词语正确的一项是
①聪明人更要学会与周围的合作，所谓 ，每个人都有自己的优势与劣势，再聪明的人也有需要别人帮助的时候，只有善于学习借鉴，才能让自己不断提高。
②继承和发展中国古代优秀的文化传统，没有一套固定的方式方法，可以从学生抓起，让他们接受传统文化教育；也可以从学者抓起，让他们做好传统文化研究与普及的工作， ，最终都可以实现对传统文化的保护与传承。
A．①句填“尺有所短，寸有所长”②句填“八仙过海，各显其能”
B．①句填“尺有所短，寸有所长”②句填“殊途同归”
C．①句填“相得益彰” ②句填“殊途同归”
D．①句填“相得益彰” ②句填“八仙过海，各显其能”
4、在下面语段中，依次填入关联词语最恰当的一项是 字体的不同，汉字书法在整体风格上可以分为“静态”与“动态”两种形态。 书法创作的“静”与“动”却是相对的、兼容的， ，在用笔造型中对动静关系的处理更可以体现书法家的精神气度与艺术功力。
1 / 11 2021北京西城初三一模 英 语 2021.4 考生须知 1. 本试卷共10 页，共五道大题，39 道小题，满分60 分，考试时间90 分钟。 2. 在试卷和答题卡上准确填写学校、班级、姓名、学号。 3. 试题答案一律填涂或书写在答题卡上，在试卷上作答无效。 4. 在答题卡上，选择题用2B 铅笔作答，其他试题用黑色字迹签字笔作答。 5. 考试结束，将本试卷、答题卡和草稿纸一并交回。 知识运用（共14 分） 一、单项填空（共6 分，每小题0.5 分） 从下面各题所给的A、B、C、D 四个选项中，选择可以填入空白处的最佳选项。 1. We all like the book Lonely Planet. It tells ______ a lot about the world. A. us B. him C. her D. them 2. My home is ______ my school. It is only five minutes’ walk. A. for B. on C. near D. at 3. Susan is ill, ______ she is not at school today. A. though B. but C. or D. so 4. —Mom, it is really hot today. May I have some ice-cream? —Of course you ______. A. should B. must C. need D. can 5. —______ did you visit the National Museum last time? —About a year ago. A. How B. Why C. When D. Where 6. The mind exercise is as ______ as body exercise. A. important B. more important C. most important D. the most important 7. The students ______ on the playground when it began to rain. A. run B. are running C. were running D. will run 8. —Jack, would you like something to eat? —No, thank you. I ______ a big meal. 2 / 11 A. have B. have had C. was having D. had 9. There is a new park next to my home. I ______ a walk there every day. A. took B. take C. was taking D. have taken 10. When Helen Keller was 7, she ______ to learn to read by using her fingers. A. starts B. started C. will start D. has started 11. It is said that a starship ______ to Mars around 2030. A. sends B. will send C. is sent D. will be sent 12. —Do you know ______? —She lost her passport yesterday. A. why does Lisa miss the flight B. why did Lisa miss the flight C. why Lisa misses the flight D. why Lisa missed the flight 二、完形填空（共8 分，每小题1 分） 阅读下面的短文，掌握其大意，然后从短文后各题所给的A、B、C、D 四个选项中，选择最佳选项。 Vertical Gardens Henrietta did not have a big yard. She only had a small deck (平台) overlooking a tiny piece of grass. It was not enough yard for her dog to play on. She__13__ a garden really bad, but did not have space. What could she do? For a while, she just kept a few plants in pots on the deck. They took up space and there was hardly any space for her table and chairs. So, she made some flower boxes with rope to put plants in. She __14__ one on her window and put two more on the bars, which were great for flowers. This helped for a time, but she still longed for more. She __15__ got an idea: if she couldn’t build out, why not build up? She had heard of vertical gardening from a friend. She had wooden fences (栅栏) all around her little piece of grass, so if she could fix some pots to the fence, she could __16__ up into that space, and her dog could still play. She went to the building store and got some supplies. It was __17__ to find pots that would fit what she had in mind. So she looked around to find something else for her vertical garden. Then she had an idea with rain gutters (排水槽). Rain gutters could hold water, so why not plants? She decided to __18__ them. Back at home, she fixed the boards to her fence for supporting the gutters. She put caps on the end and extra supports in the middle. Then she filled them with potting soil and planted three long rows of __19__ . 3 / 11 A few days later, there were new leaves. Weeks later, she was harvesting vegetables to eat. She went all out then, lining all three walls of her fence with more long rain gutter planters. She had made her vertical garden！Best of all, her dog, Skippy, still had __20__ to run and play. 13. A. wanted B. hated C. missed D. treated 14. A. hid B. opened C. hung D. carried 15. A. almost B. seldom C. finally D. hardly 16. A. move B. look C. climb D. garden 17. A. quick B. hard C. fun D. convenient 18. A. try B. sell C. cover D. repair 19. A. grass B. trees C. flowers D. vegetables 20. A. time B. room C. energy D. interest 阅读理解（共36 分） 三、阅读下列短文，根据短文内容，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C、D 四个选项中，选择最佳选项。（共26 分，每小题2 分） A Best Gifts for Your Teen Friends Shopping for your teen friends’ birthday gifts can be difficult. Each year, we pay close attention to the newest gifts hitting the market. Below, we’ve created such a list, choosing some of the hottest items on store shelves right now. Color-changing Lamp Speaker $36.00 With a simple touch, this speaker lamp changes color, plays music and helps them sleep. They can even bring it with them on camping trips since it runs for up to 120 hours. Harry Potter Paperback Box Set $80.00 If they’re getting sick of borrowing the local library’s copies, then they need a complete collection of Harry Potter books to call their own. This set comes with all seven books in the series (系列). The Mind Card Game $20.00 This is a board game that encourages true teamwork, because the number one rule is “No talking!” If successful, they’ll be amazed at how well they work with their teammates without using any words. Bluetooth Wireless (无线) Smart Beanie $15.00
