清华大学应用语言学与语言教育专业考博历年真题考试内容复习内部资料-育明考博

清华大学日语语言文学专业考博复习资料参考书-育明考博一、清华大学人文学院日语语言文学考博内容分析（育明考博辅导中心)专业方向招生人数初试内容复试内容050200外国语言文学日语语言文学约1人①101英语、102俄语、104德语、105法语②848日语语言文学501综合考试育明考博辅导中心张老师解析：1、清华大学人文学院日语语言文学考博的报录比平均在5:1左右（竞争较激烈）2、本专业有两位导师：隽雪艳、王成3、同等学力考生在初试合格后须加试报考专业两门硕士专业学位课程和自然辩证法。

4、初试英语拉开的分差较小，两门专业课拉开的分差非常大。

要进入复试就必须在两门专业课中取得较高的分数。

专业课的复习备考中“信息”和“方向”比单纯的时间投入和努力程度更重要。

5、清华大学考博初试外语中不含听力。

6、学院并不指定外语和专业课复习的参考书。

育明教育考博分校针对清华大学各专业考博开设的辅导课程有：考博英语课程班·专业课课程班·视频班·复试保过班·高端协议班。

每年专业课课程班的平均通过率都在80%以上。

根植育明学校从2006年开始积累的深厚高校资源，整合利用历届育明优秀学员的成功经验与高分资料，为每一位学员构建考博成功的基础保障。

（清华大学人文学院考博资料获取、课程咨询育明教育张老师叩叩：772678537）二、清华大学人文学院外国语言文学专业历年考博复试分数线（育明考博课程中心）育明考博辅导中心张老师解析：1、人文学院外国语言文学专业共有6个研究方向，各研究方向之间报录比差别还是比较大的。

2、根据最新的信息，学院将会逐步增加硕博连读的名额，减少在职定向读博的名额。

3、初试英语拉开的分差较小，两门专业课拉开的分差非常大。

要进入复试就必须在两门专业课中取得较高的分数。

专业课的复习备考中“信息”和“方向”比单纯的时间投入和努力程度更重要。

年份录取成绩要求复试人数/招生人数2014年外语50分、专业课50分综合考试60分12人/9人（不包括骨干计划）2015年外语50分、专业课50分综合考试60分15人/11人（不包括骨干计划）育明教育考博分校针对清华大学各专业考博开设的辅导课程有：考博英语课程班·专业课课程班·视频班·复试保过班·高端协议班。

清华大学考博英语真题及答案详解知识交流清华大学2004年博士研究生入学考试试题Part ⅠListening Comprehension (20%)(略）Part ⅡVocabulary (10%)Directions: There are 20 incomplete sentences in this part. For each sentence there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the best one that completes the sentence and then mark the corresponding letter on the ANSWET SHEET with a single line through the center.21. The__________of the spring water attracts a lot of visitors from other parts of the country.A. clashB. clarifyC. clarityD. clatter22. Business in this area has been__________because prices are too high.A. prosperousB. secretiveC. slackD. shrill23. He told a story about his sister who was in a sad__________when she was ill and had no money.A. plightB. polarizationC. plagueD. pigment24. He added a__________to his letter by saying that he wouldarrive before 8 pm.A. presidencyB. prestigeC. postscriptD. preliminary25. Some linguists believe that the__________age for children learning a foreign language is 5 to 8.A. optimisticB. optionalC. optimalD. oppressed26. It all started in 1950, when people began to build their houses on the__________of their cities.A. paradisesB. omissionsC. orchardsD. outskirts27. The meeting was__________over by the mayor of the city.A. presumedB. proposedC. presentedD. presided28. The crowd__________into the hall and some had to stand outside.A. outgrewB. overthrewC. overpassedD. overflew29. It was clear that the storm__________his arrival by two hours.A. retardedB. retiredC. refrainedD. retreated30. This problem should be discussed first, for it takes__________over all the other issues.A. precedenceB. prosperityC. presumptionD. probability31. Her sadness was obvious, but she believed that her feeling of depression was__________.A. torrentB. transientC. tensileD. textured32. Nobody knew how he came up with this__________idea about the trip.A. wearyB. twilightC. unanimousD. weird33. The flower under the sun would__________quickly without any protection.A. winkB. withholdC. witherD. widower34. The__________of gifted children into accelerated classes will start next week according to their academic performance.A. segregationB. specificationC. spectrumD. subscription35. He__________himself bitterly for his miserable behavior that evening.A. repealedB. resentedC. relayedD. reproached36. Any earthquake that takes place in any area is certainly regarded as a kind of a__________event.A. cholesterolB. charcoalC. catastrophicD. chronic37. He cut the string and held up the two__________to tie the box.A. segmentsB. sedimentsC. seizuresD. secretes38. All the music instruments in the orchestra will be__________before it starts.A. civilizedB. chatteredC. chamberedD. chorded39. When the air in a certain space is squeezed to occupy asmaller space, the air is said tobe__________.A. commencedB. compressedC. compromisedD. compensated40. She made two copies of this poem and posted them__________to different publishers.A. sensationallyB. simultaneouslyC. strenuouslyD. simplyPart ⅢReading Comprehension (40%)Directions: There are 4 reading passages in this part. Each passage is followed by some questions of unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C, and D. You should decide on the best choice and then mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet.Questions 41 to 45 are based on the following passage:Each year, millions of people in Bangladesh drink ground water that has been polluted by naturally high levels of arsenic poison. Finding safe drinking water in that country can be a problem. However, International Development Enterprises has a low-cost answer. This non-governmental organization has developed technology to harvest rainwater.People around the world have been harvesting rainwater for centuries. It is a safe, dependable source of drinking water. Unlike ground water, rainwater contains no minerals or salts and is free of chemical treatments. Best of all, it is free.The rainwater harvesting system created by InternationalDevelopment Enterprises uses pipesto collect water from the tops of buildings. The pipes stretch from the tops of buildings to a-flush”device two-meter tall storage tank made of metal. At the top of the tank is a so-called “firstmade of wire screen. This barrier prevents dirt and leaves in the water from falling inside the tank.device. It protects the water inside the tank fromA fitted cover sits over the “first-flush”evaporating. The cover also prevents mosquito insects from laying eggs in the water.Inside the tank is a low coat plastic bag that collects the water. The bag sits inside anotherplastic bag similar to those used to hold grains. The two bags are supported inside the metal tank.All total, the water storage system can hold up to three-thousand-five-hundred liters of water. International Development Enterprises says the inner bags may need to be replaced every two tothree years. However, if the bags are not damaged by sunlight, they could last even longer.International Development Enterprises says the water harvesting system should be built on a raised structure to prevent insects from eating into it at the bottom. The total cost to build this rainwater harvesting system is about forty dollars. However, International Development Enterprises expects the price to drop over time. The group says one tank can provide a family offive with enough rainwater to survive a five-month dry season.41. People in Bangladesh can use__________as a safe source of drinking water.A. ground waterB. rainwaterC. drinking waterD. fresh water42. Which of the following contributes to the low-cost of using rainwater?A. Rainwater is free of chemical treatments.B. People have been harvesting rainwater for centuries.C. The water harvesting system is built on a platform.D. Rainwater can be collected using pipes.43. Which of the following actually prevents dirt and leaves from falling inside the tank?A. a barrierB. a wire screenC. a first-flushD. a storage tank44. The bags used to hold water are likely to be damaged by__________.A. mosquito insectsB. a fitted coverC. a first-flush deviceD. sunlight45. What should be done to prevent insects from eating into the water harvesting system at the bottom?A. The two bags holding the water should be put inside the metal tank.B. The inner bags need to be replaced every two years.C. The water harvesting system should be built on a platform.D. A cover should be used to prevent insects from eating it.Questions 46 to 50 are based on the following passage:Where one stage of child development has been left out, or not sufficiently experienced, the child may have to go back and capture the experience of it. A good home makes this possible, for example by providing the opportunity for the child to play with a clockwork car or toy railwaytrain up to any age if he still needs to do so. This principle, in fact, underlies all psychological treatment of children in difficulties with their development, and is the basis of work in child clinics.The beginnings of discipline are in the nursery. Even the youngest baby is taught by gradual stages to wait for food, to sleep and wake at regular intervals and so on. If the child feels the world around him is a warm and friendly one, he slowly accepts its rhythm and accustoms himself to conforming to its demands. Learning to wait for things, particularly for food, is a very important element in upbringing, and is achieved successfully only if too great demands are not made before the child can understand them.Every parent watches eagerly the child's acquisition of each new skill—the first spoken words, the first independent steps, or the beginning of reading and writing. It is often tempting to hurry the child beyond his natural learning rate, but this can set up dangerous feeling of failure and states of anxiety in the child. This might happen at any stage. A baby might be forced to use a toilet too early, a young child might be encouraged to learn to read before he knows the meaningof the words he reads. On the other hand, though, if a child is left alone too much, or without any learning opportunities, heloses his natural zest for life and his desire to find out new things for himself.Learning together is a fruit source of relationship between children and parents. By playing together, parents learn more about their children and children learn more from their parents. Toys and games which both parents and children can share are an important means of achieving thisco-operation. Building-block toys, jigsaw puzzles and crossword are good examples.Parents vary greatly in their degree of strictness or indulgence towards their children. Some may be especially strict in money matters, others are severe over times of coming home at night, punctuality for meals or personal cleanliness. In general, the controls imposed represent the needs of the parents and the values of the community as much as the child's own happiness and well-being.46. The principle underlying all treatment of developmental difficulties in children__________.A. is to send them to clinicsB. offers recapture of earlier experiencesC. is in the provision of clockwork toys and trainsD. is to capture them before they are sufficiently experienced47. The child in the nursery__________.A. quickly learns to wait for foodB. doesn't initially sleep and wake at regular intervalsC. always accepts the rhythm of the world around themD. always feels the world around him is warm and friendly48. The encouragement of children to achieve new skills__________.A. can never be taken too farB. should be left to school teachersC. will always assist their developmentD. should be balanced between two extremes49. Jigsaw puzzles are__________.A. too difficult for childrenB. a kind of building-block toyC. not very entertaining for adultsD. suitable exercises for parent-child cooperation50. Parental controls and discipline__________.A. serve a dual purposeB. should be avoided as much as possibleC. reflect the values of the communityD. are designed to promote the child's happinessQuestions 51 to 55 are based on the following passage:More than half of all Jews married in U. S. since 1990 have wed people who aren't Jewish. Nearly 480, 000 American children under the age of ten have one Jewish and one non-Jewish parent. And, if a survey compiled by researchers at the University of California at Los Angeles isany indication, it's almost certain that most of these children will not identify themselves aser.“Jewish” when they get oldThat survey asked college freshmen, who are usually around age 18, about their own and their parents' religious identities. Ninety-three percent of those with two Jewish parents said they thought of themselves as Jewish. But when the father wasn't Jewish, the number dropped to 38 percent, and when the mother wasn't Jew, just 15 percent of the students said they were Jewish, too.“I think what was surprising was just how low the Jewish identification was in these mixeda professor of education at UCLA. She directed the survey which marriage families.” Linda Sax iswas conducted over the course of more than a decade and wasn't actually about religious identityspecifically. But Professor Sax says the answers to questions about religion were particularly striking, and deserve a more detailed study. She says it's obvious that interfaith marriage works against the development of Jewish identity among children, but says it's not clear at this point whyin-depth about their feelings about their that's the case. “This new study is necessary to get morereligion. That's something that the study that I completed was not able to do. We didn't have information on how they feel about their religion, whether they have any concern about their issues of identification, how comfortable they feel about their lifelong goals. I think the new study's going to cover some of that,” she says.Jay Rubin is executive director of Hilel, a national organization that works with Jewish college students. Mr. Rubin says Judaism is more than a religion, it's an experience. And with thatin mind, Hillel has commissioned a study of Jewish attitudes towards Judaism. Researchers will concentrate primarily on young adults, and those with two Jewish parents, and those with just one, those who see themselves as Jewish and those who do not. Jay Rubin says Hillel will then use this study to formulate a strategy for making Judaism more relevant to the next generation of American Jews.51. The best title of this passage is__________.A. Jewish and Non-Jewish in AmericanB. Jewish Identity in AmericaC. Judaism-a Religion?D. College Jewish Students52. Among the freshmen at UCLA__________thought themselves as Jewish.A. mostB. 93% of those whose parents were both JewishC. 62% of those only whose father were JewishD. 15% of those only whose mother were Jewish53. The phrase “interfaith marriage” in the Paragraph 3 refers to the__________.A. marriage of people based on mutual beliefB. marriage of people for the common faithC. marriage of people of different religious faithsD. marriage of people who have faith in each other54. Which of the following statements is NOT true about professor Sax's research?A. The research indicates that most students with only one Jewish parent will not think themselves as Jewish.B. The survey was carried out among Jewish Freshmen.C. The research survey didn't find out what and how these Jewish students think about their religion.D. The research presents a new perspective for the future study.55. Which of the following is true according to the last paragraph?A. Mr. Rubin is the founder of Hillel.B. Mr. Rubin thinks that Judaism is not a religion and it's anexperience.C. Hillel is an organization concerned with Jewish college students in the world.D. Hillel has asked certain people to carry out a study about Jewish attitudes towards Judaism. Questions 56 to 60 are based on the following passage:Governments that want their people to prosper in the burgeoning world economy shouldguarantee two basic rights: the right to private property and the right to enforceable contracts, saysMancur Olson in his book Power and Prosperity. Olson was an economics professor at theUniversity of Maryland until his death in 1998.Some have argued that such rights are merely luxuries that wealthy societies bestow, butOlson turns that argument around and asserts that such rights are essential to creating wealth.comes are low in most of the countries of the world, in short, because the people in those countriesdo not have secure in dividual rights,” he says.Certain simple economic activities, such as food gathering and making handicrafts, relymostly on individual labor; property is not necessary. But more advanced activities, such as themass production of goods, require machines and factories and offices. This production is oftencalled capital-intensive, but it is really property-intensive, Olson observes.“No one would normally engage in capital-intensive production if he or she did not haverights that kept the valuable capital from being taken by bandits, whether roving or stationary,individuals may have possessions, theargues. “There is no private property without government—way a dog possesses a bone, but there is private property only if the society protects and defends aprivate right to that possession against other private parties and against the government aswell.”Would-be entrepreneurs, no matter how small, also need a government and court system thatwill make sure people honor their contracts. In fact, the banking systems relied on by developednations are based on just such an enforceable contract system. “We would not deposit our money in banks...if we could not rely on the bank having to honor its contract with us, and the bankwould not be able to make the profits it needs to stay in business if it could not enforce its loancontracts with borrowers,” Olson writes.Other economists have argued that the poor economies of Third World and communistcountries are the result of governments setting both prices and the quantities of goods producedrather than letting a free market determine them. Olson agrees there is some merit to this point ofview, but he argues that government intervention is not enough to explain the poverty of thesecountries. Rather, the real problem is lack of individual rights that give people incentive to刺generate wealth. “If a society has clear and secure individual rights, there are strong incentives (激，动力）to produce, invest, and engage in mutually advantageous trade, and therefore at leastsome economic advance,” Olson concludes.56. Which of the following is true about Olson?A. He was a fiction writer.B. He edited the book Power and Prosperity.C. He taught economics at the University of Maryland.D. He was against the ownership of private property.57. Which of the following represents Olson's point or view?A. Protecting individual property rights encourages wealth building.B. Only in wealthy societies do people have secure individual rights.C. Secure individual rights are brought about by the wealth of the society.D. In some countries, people don't have secure individual rights because they're poor.58. What does Olson think about mass production?A. It's capital intensive.B. It's property intensive.C. It relies on individual labor.D. It relies on individual skills.59. What is the basis for the banking system?A. Contract system that can be enforced.B. People's willingness to deposit money in banks.C. The possibility that the bank can make profits from its borrowers.D. The fact that some people have surplus money while some need loans.60. According to Olson, what is the reason for the poor economies of Third World countries?A. government interventionB. lack of secure individual rightsC. being short of capitalD. lack of a free marketPart ⅣCloze (10%)Directions: There are 20 blanks in the following passage. For each blank there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. You should choose the ONE that best fits into the passage. Then mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet.For the people who have never traveled across the Atlantic the voyage is a fantasy. But forthe people who cross it frequently one crossing of the Atlantic is very much like another, and theydo not make the voyage for the__61__of its interest. Most of us are quite happy when we feel__62__to go to bed and pleased when the journey__63__. On the first night this time I felt especially lazy and went to bed__64__earlier than usual. When I__65__my cabin, I was surprised__66__that I was to have a companion during my trip, which made me feel a little unhappy.I had expected__67__but there was a suitcase__68__mine in the opposite corner. I wondered who he could be and what he would be like. Soon afterwards he came in. He was thesort of man you might meet__69__, except that he was wearing__70__good clothes that I made up my mind that we would not__71__whoever he was and did not say__72__. As I had expected, he did not talk to me either but went to bedimmediately.I suppose I slept for several hours because when I woke up it was already the middle of the night. I felt cold but covered__73__as well as I could and tries to go back to sleep. Then I realized that a __74__was coming from the window opposite. I thought perhaps I had forgotten__75__the door, so I got up__76__the door but found it already locked from the inside. The cold air was coming from the window opposite. I crossed the room and__77__the moon shone through it on to the other bed.__78__there. It took me a minute or two to__79__the door myself. I realized that my companion__80__through the window into the sea.61. A. reason B. motive C. cause D. sake62. A. tired enough B. enough tired C. enough tiring D. enough tiring63. A. is achieved B. finish C. is over D. is in the end64. A. quite B. rather C. fairly D. somehow65. A. arrived in B. reached to C. arrived to D. reached at66. A. for seeing B. that I saw C. at seeing D. to see67. A. being lonely B. to be lonely C. being alone D. to be alone68. A. like B. as C. similar than D. the same that69. A. in each place B. for all parts C. somewhere D. anywhere70. A. a so B. so C. such a D. such71. A. treat together well B. pass together wellC. get on well togetherD. go by well together72. A. him a single word B. him not one wordC. a single word to himD. not one word to him73. A. up me B. up myself C. up to myself D. myself up74. A. draft B. voice C. air D. sound75. A. to close B. closing C. to have to close D. for closing76. A. to shut B. for shutting C. in shutting D. but shut77. A. while doing like that B. as I did like thatC. as I did soD. at doing so78. A. It was no one B. There was no oneC. It was anyoneD. There was anyone79. A. remind to lock B. remember to lockC. remind lockingD. remember locking80. A. had to jump B. was to have jumpedC. must have jumpedD. could be jumpedPart ⅤWriting (20%)Directions: In this part, you are asked to write a composition on the t itle of “Effect of Research Event on My Later Lif e and Work” with no less than 200 English words. Your composition should be based on the following outline given in Chinese. Put your composition on the ANSWER SHEET.1. 在科研和学习中使我最难忘的一件事情是。

清华大学人文学院考博指导与分析一、清华大学考博资讯（一）考试科目及各方向导师：1.010100哲学研究方向01：马克思主义哲学。

导师分别是邹广文、韩立新。

考试的科目：（1）101英语或103日语或104德语或105法语（100%）。

（2）620马克思主义哲学（100%）。

（3）501综合考试（100%）。

研究方向02：中国哲学。

导师分别是曹峰、陈来。

考试的科目：（1）101英语或103日语或104德语或105法语（100%）。

（2）621中国哲学史（100%）。

（3）501综合考试（100%）。

研究方向03：外国哲学。

导师分别是田薇、王晓朝、王路、黄裕生。

考试的科目：（1）101英语或103日语或104德语或105法语（100%）。

（2）292西方哲学史（100%）。

（3）501综合考试（100%）。

研究方向04：伦理学。

导师分别是肖巍、万俊人、卢风、唐文明、贝淡宁。

考试的科目：（1）101英语或102俄语或103日语或104德语（100%）。

（2）622伦理学原理（100%）。

（3）501综合考试（100%）。

研究方向05：逻辑学。

导师分别是王路、刘奋荣、Johanvan Benthem。

考试的科目：（1）101英语或104德语（100%）。

（2）623逻辑学原理（100%）。

（3）501综合考试（100%）。

研究方向06：宗教学。

导师分别是田薇、王晓朝、黄裕生。

考试的科目：（1）101英语或103日语或104德语或105法语（100%）。

（2）624宗教学原理（100%）。

（3）501综合考试（100%）。

研究方向07：美学。

导师分别是肖鹰、刘东。

考试的科目：（1）101英语或103日语或104德语或105法语（100%）。

（2）293美学理论（100%）。

（3）501综合考试（100%）。

2.050100中国语言文学研究方向01：中国现当代文学。

导师分别是解志熙、汪晖。

考试的科目：（1）101英语或103日语（100%）。

北京大学教育学院教育管理（教育博士）考博指导-育明考博一、2016年考博英语复习资料推荐（育明教育考博分校课程辅导中心）2.1关于考博英语资料虽然说北京大学自己命题，但是考试的难度和题型是非常中规中矩的，和其他学校没有什么大的区别，其实各个学校的考博英语都没有多大的区别。

为什么每一个学校都不公布考博英语的真题呢？很大一个原因就是存在互相抄袭的情况，有的都到了让人叹为观止的地步。

英语这门学科和专业课的准备方法很不相同，英语必须要有实力，我们提倡“高能高分，高分高能”，实力是最重要的。

但是不是让大家漫无目的的学，准备考博英语是有方法的，我们聘请了研究考博英语的专家北外英语系系主任夏岩教授作为考博英语课题组长，在研究各个学校的考题的基础上，发现了各个学校出题很有共性，在此基础上夏教授牵头编写了一套资料，包括词汇、完型、翻译、作文、语法等九部分，凡是用过的同学无不受益匪浅。

其中《考博英语真题解析》这本书已经由河北工业大学出版社正式出版了，这本书是夏岩教授精心挑选的引用率最高的学校的试题，大家务必好好做做，考试的时候说不定就有惊喜。

2.2关于考博英语资料《2016年考博英语复习资料》由育明考博的英语辅导专家组共同编写。

该套资料针对考博英语的题型、考察重点、出题形式、出题范围，并结合了具有代表性的各大院校考博英语试题命题组老师的著作、上课课件以及英语等级考试试题，从而可以在短期内有效地提升广大考生的英语应试能力。

（资料可以邮寄）全套资料目录：（一）、2016版《考博英语真题解析》，育明考博编著河北大学出版社出版，北外教授夏岩主编，育明考博资料中心共同编著。

包含全国20多所具有代表性的院校考博英语真题集最为详尽的答案解析、作文模板，是广大考博人必备的考博英语复习资料。

（二）、考博英语各专项复习资料1.词汇备考资料：（1）考博英语词汇讲义及真题举例（2）博士研究生英语考试大纲重点词汇（3）考博英语高频词汇、短语汇总（4）全国重点院校博士英语词汇真题精选（5）英语教授讲座稿件（考博英语词汇）2.完形填空备考资料：（1）考博英语完形填空讲义及指导练习（2）考博英语完形填空基础夯实练习3.阅读理解备考资料：（1）考博英语阅读理解讲义及指导练习（2）考博英语阅读理解精选精练精讲（中级）（3）考博英语阅读理解精选精练精讲（高级）4.翻译备考资料：（1）考博英语翻译讲义及指导练习（2）考博英语翻译重要方法分析（3）考博英语翻译常见单词和词组的正确处理方式（4）考博英语翻译精讲与强化（5）考博英语翻译致胜押题20篇5.写作备考资料：（1）考博英语写作讲义及指导练习（2）育明老师考博英语作文评分等级点评参考（3）考博英语写作各部分优秀参考公式（4）考博英语优秀范文精选（5）育明优秀学员作文笔记精选及写作模板（6）2015考博英语作文押题35篇（三）、精选考博英语命题可参照院校的考博真题及解析1.北京大学考博英语真题解析（一套）2.清华大学考博英语真题解析（一套）3.复旦大学考博英语真题解析（一套）4.中科院考博英语真题解析（一套）5.厦门大学考博英语真题解析（一套）6.同济大学考博英语真题解析（一套）7.武汉大学考博英语真题解析（一套）（四）、2016年考博英语名师押题及解析（共3套）二、北京大学教育博士考博专业课参考书教育管理综合：1.《现代教育学基础》，（日）筑波大学教育学会编，钟启泉译，上海教育出版社20032.《教育哲学》，张楚廷著，教育科学出版社，20063.《高等教育理念》，（英）罗纳德.巴尼特著，蓝劲松主译，北京大学出版社，20124.《教育政策研究基础》，陈学飞主编，人民教育出版社，20115.《大学运行模式》，[美]伯恩鲍姆，别敦荣译，中国海洋大学出版社，20036.《高等教育运行机制研究》，闵维方主编，人民教育出版社，20027.《高等教育系统》，[美]伯顿·克拉克，杭州大学出版社，1994育明教育考博课程部陈老师解析：1、参考书是理论知识建立所需的载体，如何从参考书抓取核心书目，从核心书目中遴选出重点章节常考的考点，如何高效的研读参考书、建立参考书框架，如何初步将参考书中的知识内容对应到答题中，是考生复习的第一阶段最需完成的任务。

第一部分听力20分第一段你将听到一段介绍然后你需要写介绍的五处内容只读一遍没有任何的提示完全需要靠记忆写出来5个小题这部分要靠反应能力和记笔记的能力可以在日常中锻炼第二段给一段对话是一个面试的对话然后回答问题这部分读两遍需要回答问题7个小题这部分属于正常的听力范围第三段一个lecture 然后让你记笔记考的是你笔记的内容就是考验你的抓细节的能力可以参考托福英语听力的复习方法第二部分词汇10分前十个是让你用合适的词汇来替换句子的词汇要求就是你必须要明确句子中的词汇的意思然后还要知道选项的大体的意思注意熟词癖义后十个就是典型的单选第三部分阅读理解40分一共20个题一个2分和六级一样需要大量的练习阅读提高自己的推断判断能力第四部分完型填空10分20个空每个0.5分需要快速的阅读全文然后根据语境和上下文的提示来写出答案第五部分写作20分一道题目06年的是让你谈一下一个优秀的科研工作者所应该具备的素质其余年份的可以自己总结添加99年The prospect of electronic books00Two important possible changes which may occur in higher education in china in the 21st century 01The knowledge PhD students should acquire02My view on an admission interview foe PhD candidate03Effect of china’s entry into WTO on PhD program in china04Effect of research event on my later life and work05My aim for doctoral study06Qualities of top research workers07Harmful plagiarism in academic field in china 08Your expectation of your future PhD program。

北京第二外国语学院2011年攻读硕士学位研究生专业目录单位名称：北京第二外国语学院单位代码：10031培养单位：跨文化研究院邮政编码：100024地址：北京市朝阳区定福庄南里1号电话：（010）65778347专业/代码研究方向招生人数马克思主义理论课外国语应试语种业务课考试科目备注美学01010601西方美学7101思想政治理论201英语一202俄语203日语（任选）622美学原理822中西美学史同等学力考生加试哲学和艺术哲学02比较美学与美育学03中国古典美学参考书目：622美学原理：《美学原理新编》，杨辛、甘霖主编，北京大学出版社，1996。

822中西美学史：《西方美学史》，朱光潜著，人民文学出版社，2002。

《美的历程》，李泽厚著，天津社会科学院出版社，2001年修订。

【育明教育】中国考研考博专业课辅导第一品牌育明教育官方网站：1北京第二外国语学院2011年攻读硕士学位研究生专业目录单位名称：北京第二外国语学院单位代码：10031培养单位：国际经贸学院邮政编码：100024地址：北京市朝阳区定福庄南里1号电话：（010）65778441专业/代码研究方向招生人数马克思主义理论课外国语应试语种业务课考试科目备注国际贸易学02020601国际贸易理论与政策8101思想政治理论201英语一303数学三821国际贸易与国际金融无02国际经济合作与资本流动1103国际服务贸易11参考书目：821国际贸易与国际金融：《国际贸易》（第五版），薛荣久等，对外经济贸易大学出版社。

《国际金融学》，姜波克等，高等教育出版社，2004年。

【育明教育】中国考研考博专业课辅导第一品牌育明教育官方网站：2北京第二外国语学院2011年攻读硕士学位研究生专业目录单位名称：北京第二外国语学院单位代码：10031培养单位：跨文化研究院邮政编码：100024地址：北京市朝阳区定福庄南里1号电话：（010）65778347专业/代码研究方向招生人数马克思主义理论课外国语应试语种业务课考试科目备注比较文学与世界文学05010801比较美学与诗学15101思想政治理论201英语一202俄语203日语（任选）623比较文学原理823外国文学同等学力考生加试中国文论和外国文论02比较文学与比较文化03欧美文学与文论参考书目：623比较文学原理：《比较文学》，陈惇、孙景尧、谢天振主编，高等教育出版社，2008年修订.823外国文学：《外国文学史》上下册，郑克鲁等主编，高等教育出版社，2006年修订.【育明教育】中国考研考博专业课辅导第一品牌育明教育官方网站：3北京第二外国语学院2011年攻读硕士学位研究生专业目录单位名称：北京第二外国语学院单位代码：10031培养单位：英语学院邮政编码：100024地址：北京市朝阳区定福庄南里1号电话：（010）65778963专业/代码研究方向招生人数马克思主义理论课外国语应试语种业务课考试科目备注英语语言文学05020101英美社会文化10101思想政治理论262日语263法语264德语265俄语266西班牙语（任选）611基础英语811综合考试（英1）611基础英语：语法、词汇30分；完形填空30分；阅读理解30分；段落翻译30分；命题作文30分。

2007年中国人民大学语言学及应用语言学考博试题语言学理论（100分）1.配价理论中的“配价”的性质，有人说其属于语法范畴，有人说其属于语义范畴，还有人说其属于句法——语义范畴，你的看法是什么？（30分）2.如何看待社会语言学所提出的“共时的变异反映历时的发展？”（30分）3.如何看待留学生的语言错误，对“有错必纠”和“有错不纠”有何看法？（40分）4.说说形式主义语言学、功能语言学、认知语言学的主张和特点（40分）汉语语法分析（100分）1.词语的再分类与句法分析的关系。

（30分）2.对“我偷了他一本书”这种句型如何看待，是双宾句还是单宾句，你的看法是什么？（30分）（打碎了他三个杯子）3.N1VN2（如“服装加工厂”和“汽车修理厂”）这种名词结构，有人说N1是V的前置宾语，有人说N1是受事成分，但是都有例外。

请你以此为研究对象，写一个论文提纲，包括研究的目的、方法和步骤等。

（40分）2008年人民大学语言学及应用语言学考博专业课试题语言学理论1.结合汉语实际论述语法形式和语法意义之间的关系（30分）2.结合汉语实际论述语言变异和语言变化的关系（30分）3.对外汉语教学方向选做第一题：（1）试论功能语言学对对外汉语教学的启发和影响（40分）（2）现代汉语中，934个汉字就能占到常用汉字的90%以上，那么如果掌握了这934个汉字，是不是就可以读懂书刊、报纸、网页等90%以上的内容呢？汉语语法分析：1．试论语法单位的同一性以及对词类划分的影响（30分）2．结合汉语实际，试论“语义指向”在现代汉语语法中的应用（30分）3．现代汉语中，常常说“时间还早着呢”，“她还小着呢”，却不能说“*时间还晚着呢”，“*她还大着呢”，为什么？人大2009现代汉语专业试题语言学理论1.探探你对“任意性”与“象似性”的认识（30分）2.为什么说变异理论是社会语言学最有价值的理论（30分）3.选做题（40）（1）谈谈结构主义、认知语言学、功能主义理论对对外汉语教学的启发。

北京大学教育学院高等教育学专业考博指导-育明考博一、北京大学高等教育学专业考博考试分析招生统计（育明考博辅导中心）招生专业招生人数招考方式考试内容040106高等教育学2013年2人2014年2人2015年2人除校内事业编申请-考核制①“北大英语水平考试”12月27②专业笔试（高等教育学综合）③专业面试（ppt 形式，A 、学术潜力和研究设想B 、学术基础和研究素质）1、北大高等教育学专业考博的报录比平均在5:12、从2013年开始北大教育学院的博士招生开始实行“申请-审核制”，与以往的考试制在考查方式、考查测重点方面都有所区别。

“申请制”不代表不考试，也不代表考试不重要，最终决定能否被录取的还是考试成绩（材料审核成绩不计入最终排名的总分）。

3、2016年报考北大教育学院博士的考生需参加“北京大学博士研究生英语水平考试”（第一次组织，题型为：听力、阅读、作文）4、材料审核中重点打分项：①科研成果（论文、workingpaper、参与课题）②外语水平③本硕院校④博士修习计划5、北大高等教育学专业包含四个博士研究方向：01.高等教育原理02.高等教育史03.国际与比较高等教育04.高等教育管理育明教育针对北京大学教育学院考博开设的辅导课程有：考博英语课程班·专业课课程班·视频班·复试保过班·高端协议班。

每年专业课课程班的平均通过率都在80%以上。

根植育明学校从2006年开始积累的深厚高校资源，整合利用历届育明优秀学员的成功经验与高分资料，为每一位学员构建考博成功的基础保障。

（北大考博资料、复习经验、辅导课程咨询育明教育杜老师叩叩：捌玖叁、贰肆壹、二二六）二、北京大学高等教育学专业考博专业课参考书高等教育学综合：1.《现代教育论》（第二版），黄济、王策三主编，人民教育出版社，20042.《教育哲学导论》（第二版），石中英著，北京师范大学出版社，20043.《高等教育哲学》，[美]约翰·S·布鲁贝克著，王承绪等译，浙江教育出版社，20024.《高等教育理念》，[英]罗纳德·巴尼特著，蓝劲松主译，北京大学出版社，20125.《高等教育系统——学术组织的跨国研究》，[美]伯顿·克拉克著，杭州大学出版社，19946.《中国大学教育发展史》，曲士培著，北京大学出版社，20067.《外国高等教育史》（修订版），黄福涛主编，上海教育出版社，20088.《国外高等教育学基本文献讲读》（陈洪捷、施晓光、蒋凯主编），北京大学出版社，20149.《高等教育新论——多学科的研究》，[美]伯顿·克拉克主编，王承绪等译，浙江教育出版社，200110.《比较高等教育：知识、大学与发展》，[美]菲利普·G.阿特巴赫著，人民教育出版社教育室译，200111.《比较教育研究：路径与方法》，贝磊、鲍勃、梅森主编，李梅主译，北京大学出版社，201012.《教育政策研究基础》，陈学飞.北京：人民教育出版社，201113.《政策科学——公共政策分析导论》，陈振明，北京：中国人民大学出版社，2003育明教育考博课程部杜老师解析：1、参考书是理论知识建立所需的载体，如何从参考书抓取核心书目，从核心书目中遴选出重点章节常考的考点，如何高效的研读参考书、建立参考书框架，如何初步将参考书中的知识内容对应到答题中，是考生复习的第一阶段最需完成的任务。