中考英语总复习句子结构与成分总结和练习

英语词性、句子成分以及句型结构一、英语词性的分类及用法词性的分类词类又叫词性，英语单词根据其在句子中的功用，可以分成十个大类。

1 名词noun n. stud ent 学生2 代词pronoun pron. you 你实词 3 形容词adjective adj. happy 高兴的4 副词adverb adv. quickly 迅速地5 动词verb v. cut 砍、割6 数词numeral num. three 三7 冠词article art. a 一个8 介词preposition prep. at 在...虚词9 连词conjunction conj. and 和10 感叹词interjection interj. oh 哦实词：有实在意义，在句子中能独立承担句子成分，而且还有一个重要的特点，那就是，实词有词形的变化，尤其是动词，可谓变化多端。

虚词：没有多少实在意义，在句子中不能独立承担句子成分，而且还有一个重要的特点，那就是，虚词没有词形的变化。

前六类叫实词，后四类叫虚词。

1.名词(表示人或物名称的词)名词可以分为专有名词和普通名词.专有名词是某个（些）人、地方、机构等专有的名称，如Beijing, China, the United States,等。

普通名词是一类人或东西或是一个抽象概念的名词，如：book，sadness等。

(普通名词包括可数名词和不可数名词)普通名词又可分为下面四类：1）个体名词：表示某类人或东西中的个体，如: gun2）集体名词：表示若干个个体组成的集合体，如: group注：(以上两类属于可数名词)3）物质名词：表示无法分为个体的实物，如: air4）抽象名词：表示动作、状态、品质、感情等抽象概念，如: work 注：(以上两类属于不可数名词)2.代词(代替名词的词)代词可以分为下列九类：1）人称代词：They are my school mates.2）物主代词：Our friends have great concern for each other.3）反身代词：Take good care of yourselves.4）相互代词：We shoul d help each other.5）指示代词：Who are these peopl e?6）疑问代词：What are you d oing?7）关系代词：She married Li Lei, who is a stud ent too.8）连接代词：Do you know who did it?9）不定代词：Do you know anything about it?代词是非常活跃的词，特别是不定代词，比较复杂，我们要熟练掌握。

►第19讲句子成分和基本句型（讲义）目录一复习目标掌握目标及备考方向二考情分析2023年中考考情分析三网络构建知识点头脑风暴四考向1.句子的成分2.五大基本句型3.提升必考题型归纳五真题感悟中考句子成分和基本句型经典考题【复习目标】掌握八大句子成分掌握五大基本句型【考情分析】【网络构建】英语句子结构和成分是高中英语教学的重要内容，是理解文章的基础，广泛运用于阅读理解，完形填空，语法填空和写作中。

简单句的基本句型在近年来中考英语中没有直接考查，而且安徽中考英语中从没有叫学生分析句子结构的考核。

但是词义辨析、非谓语动词的习惯用法、主谓一致等等都会涉及到句子结构，复合句的理解更是以简单句为基础，书面表达也需要学生能掌握简单句的基本结构，从而写出正确的句子。

思维导图第一部分：句子成分英语句子由多个部分构成，各部分在句子中起着不同的作用，这些构成句子的不同部分被称为句子成分。

正确分析句子成分是英语成绩得高分的至关要素。

主要句子成分：主语(subject)s ； 谓语(predicate)v次要句子成分：宾语(object)o ； 定语(attribute)attr ； 状语(adverbial)adv ；补语(plement)c; 表语(predicative)p ； 同位语(Appositive)等。

No. 1 主语基本成分修饰成分 1.主语+谓语(vi.) We work hard.2.主语+谓语( vt.)+宾语Tom bought a new book.3.主语+谓语(vt.)+间接宾语+直接宾语 They offer me a job.4.主语+系动词+表语Great talkers are little doers. 5.主语+谓语(vt.)+宾语+宾补He made me go home.五种基本句型 句子成分 6. 状语:相当于副词，说明动作发生的时间、地点、原因等。

I heard my sister Lisa singing in the morning.7. 定语:相当于形容词，修饰名词和代词。

上海中考英语总复习—句子结构1.S+V(主+谓)- He runs. (他跑步。

)- They study. (他们学习。

)2.S+V+O(主+谓+宾)- She likes dogs. (她喜欢狗。

)- We eat apples. (我们吃苹果。

)3.S+V+IO+DO(主+谓+间接宾+直接宾)- He gave her a gift. (他给了她一份礼物。

)- They sent me a letter. (他们给我寄了一封信。

)4. S + V + adj (主+谓+表语形容词)- I am happy. (我很开心。

)- She looks tired. (她看起来很累。

)5.S+V+n(主+谓+表语名词)- It is a book. (这是一本书。

)- He became a doctor. (他成为一名医生。

)6. S + V + adv (主+谓+状语副词)- We swim quickly. (我们游得很快。

)- They ran away. (他们跑开了。

)7. S + V + prep (主+谓+介词短语)- He is from China. (他来自中国。

)- They live in a big house. (他们住在一所大房子里。

)8. S + V1 + and/but + V2 (主+谓1+并列连词+谓2)- He eats and drinks. (他吃和喝。

)- She studies hard but plays hard too. (她努力学习但也玩得起劲。

9. S + V + O1 + and/but + O2 (主+谓+宾1+并列连词+宾2)- I like apples and oranges. (我喜欢苹果和橙子。

)- He bought a new book but forgot to bring it. (他买了一本新书，但忘记带来了。

)10. S + V1 + when/while/as + V2 (主+谓1+时间状语从句+谓2)- She gets nervous while speaking in public. (在公众场合说话时，她紧张起来。

阅读理解长难句句子成分分析精讲一、学习句子成分和句型结构随着学习的深入，你会学到更长的句子，比如各种宾语从句、定语从句等等，如果不能正确掌握复杂句的句子成分，学会判断句子成分，会容易造成语法错误，影响对句子的正确翻译和理解。

因此学习句子成分对以后学习难句和理解文段奠定基础。

英语句子的构成有其特定的规律，掌握了句子的基本句型、常见句式和词语的习惯搭配，就能写出完整、正确的句子。

句子的组成成分叫句子成分，由词或词组充当。

英语的基本成分有七种：主语、谓语(主要成分)表语、宾语、定语、状语和补语(次要成分)。

1.主语：句子说明的人或事物; 动作的发出者。

可以作主语的成分有名词，主格代词，动词不定式，动名词，从句等。

例如：Jane is good at playing the piano. / She went out in a hurry. / The young should respect the old. / What he has said is true. / Smoking is forbidden in the hospital. / To go swimming today is a good idea.动词不定式：表示具体的某一次行为，或者将来的动作动名词：表示一般的、笼统的概念，或者一个已经完成的动作2.谓语：指谓语动词，用于体现句子的时态和语态。

一个简单句通常只有一个谓语动词，并列句和含有从句的句子中可以含有两个或两个以上的谓语动词。

I saw him yesterday. / When he lived in his village, he dropped out of school and started to work.谓语动词分为简单谓语动词和复合谓语动词。

简单谓语动词由实义动词或实义动词短语构成。

实义动词可分为及物动词和不及物动词。

及物动词需要接宾语才能使意义完整，可以用于“主谓宾”的句子结构。

中考英语复习——句子成分和英语句子基本结构讲解及练习一、句子的基本结构（5种）1、主语+谓语（s+v）2、主语+系动词+表语（s+l+p）3、主语+谓语+宾语（s+v+o）4、主语+谓语+间接宾语（指人）+直接宾语（指物）(s+v+io+do)5、主语+谓语+宾语+宾语补足语（s+v+o+c）二、句子成分：（主语、谓语、表语、宾语、定语、状语、宾补、同位语、插足语）1. 主语（subject）：句子说明的人或事物。

The sun rises in the east （）He likes dancing. （）Twenty years is a short time in history. ( ) Seeing is believing. （）To see is to believe.（）What he needs is a book.（）It is very clear that the elephant is round and tall like a tree.（）(一）指出下列句中主语的中心词① The teacher with two of his students is walking into the classroom.② There is an old man coming here.③ The useful dictionary was given by my mother last year.④ To do today's homework without the teacher's help is very difficult.2. 谓语（predicate）：是对主语加以陈述，表示主语的行为或状态，常用动词或者动词词组担任，放在主语的后面。

We study English. He is asleep.(二). 选出句中谓语的中心词① I don't like the picture on the wall. A. don't B. like C. picture D. wall② The days get longer and longer when summer comes. A. get B.longer C. days D. summer③ Do you usually go to school by bus? A. Do B. usually C. go D. bus④ There will be a meeting at the library this afternoon.A. will beB. meetingC. the libraryD. afternoon⑤ Did the twins have porridge for their breakfast? A. Did B. twins C. have D. breakfast3. 表语（predicative）：系动词之后的成分，表示主语的性质、状态和特征。

2023年中考英语总复习英语精华知识点全汇总建议收藏英语语法重点与难点> as…as…结构：You' re a boy as good as Tom.二You' re as good a boy asTom.你和汤姆是一样好的孩子。

1、(1) too…to与so…that sb. can' t…的句型转换：前者为简单句，主语只有一个，而后者为复合句，主语有两个：The man was too angry to be able to speak.The man was so angry that he wasn' t able to speak.(2)too…to…与not enough to句型的转换：He is too young to get married. =He is not old enough to get married.The book is too difficult for me to read.=The book isnot easy enough for me to read.2、形容词原级表示比拟级含义: 的知觉中。

如：Did it occur to you to phone them about it?你难道没想到就这事给他们打个？事件作主语时，happen和occur可以通用？如：The accident happened/occurred yesterday. 事故是昨天发生的。

take place指事件发生，但常用来表示“举行”的意思，带有非偶然性？如：The meeting took place last night.会议昨晚举行。

14.in front of, in the front of in front of的意思是“在前面”。

如：There is a tree in front of the house.房子前面有一棵树。

2023年中考英语句子结构与成分专题练习（附答案）一、单选题1．Which part is the VERB of the following sentence "Susan walks to school every day."?A．"Susan"B．" walks to"C．"school"D．"every day" 2．The sentence pattern of "I enjoy living in Gansu." is________________.A．S+V+O B．S+V+P C．S+V+IO+DO D．S+V+DO+OC 3．What is the sentence patter(句型)of the sentence "Sally enjoys swimming in summer. "A．S+V B．S+V +O4．The main structure of the sentence "We are all fighters." is _______.A．S+V B．S+V+O C．S+V+P D．S+V+IO+DO 5．What is the sentence pattern of "Mr. Tao teaches English"A．S+V+O+OC B．S+V C．S+V+P D．S+V+O 6．Which of the following is correct?A．Didn't you know if our teacher has checked out our homework?B．Could you tell me what's the matter with Tom?C．I wondered, "Would you like to have a picnic with me"?D．Mary was seen play basketball when I passed the playground.7．We'd like more students to join the story telling club.A．状语B．直接宾语C．宾语补足语D．谓语8．It's getting colder and colder these days.A．表语B．定语C．状语D．宾语9．There are some volunteers in the park.A．表语B．宾语C．主语D．定语10．It is fair to give Anna the prize in the painting competition.A．形式主语B．直接宾语C．间接宾语D．真正主语11．I go to the movies once a week.A．宾语B．状语C．表语D．定语12．You may know all the words on the right, but which of the following carries meaning?A．A friend self is a second.B．A second is self a friend.C．A friend is a second self.D．Self a second is a friend. 13．Which of the following is the same as "I saw him reading a book" in pattern (结构)?A．You have a very nice sister.B．He likes playing the piano.C．They are good at math.D．We call her Ms Liu.14．Which of the following sentences is different from the others in the sentence structure?A．Tommy often tells us funny stories after class.B．Mr. Wang taught himself Japanese at university.C．My mother always makes me stay at home at weekends.D．The meeting gives everyone a chance to express their ideas.15．What is your new speechon, Mr. Smith?(选出宾语)A．What B．your new speechC．on D．Mr. Smith16．I feel very lonely, and my eyesfill with tears. (选出表语)A．feel B．lonely C．my eyes D．fill 17．Could wemeet at the school gate at 8 a.m.?( 选出主语)A．we B．meetC．the school gate D．8 a.m.18．Thereare some beautiful pictures hanging on the wall. (选出谓语)A．There B．are C．beautiful D．hanging 19．He was alsofamousphilosopher. (选出定语)A．He B．also C．famous D．philosopher 20．Which part is the VERB of the following sentence "Tom rides his bike to school every day."?A．"Tom"B．"rides"C．"his bike"D．"every day" 21．Which of the following sentences has an object clause?A．His mother called him Robbie when he was a babyB．On Mars you might see people who wear special bootsC．Mr. Green tells us that we'd better use the Internet properlyD．Our life has improved because the environment is getting better.22．What is the sentence pattern（句型）of the sentence"Linda bought a book yesterday."？A．S+V B．S+V+O C．S+V +IO +DO D．S+V+O+OC 23．—What an interesting story she told us!—Yes, and her voice sounded ________.A．sweet B．small C．clearly D．sadly24．The structure of the sentence “The students visited the museum” is _______.A．S+V B．S+V+DO C．S+V+IO+DO D．S+V+DO+OC 25．As a teacher, I love being with my students. You can't imagine how much they knowledge!A．are thirsty for B．are famous for C．are good for26．This kind of T-shirt looks ______ and sells ______ in the market.A．nice; good B．well; well C．nice; well D．good; nice 27．Both Kate and I ________ ready for the new high school life.A．am B．is C．are D．be28．- What do you think of the woman singer?- Her voice sounds _______. I like her songs.A．sweet B．sweetly C．bad D．badly29．Our teachers think Jim the best student. The sentence structure is _______A．S+V+DO B．S+V C．S+V+P D．S+V+DO+OC 30．Peter is a good doctor.A．宾语B．表语C．谓语D．状语二、语法填空31．Gina always keeps(silent) in class.三、翻译32．我认为年轻人对老年人要有礼貌是非常必要的。

译林版中考英语专项训练句子结构与成分解题技巧及练习测试题一、句子结构与成分1．He was also famous philosopher. （选出定语）A. HeB. alsoC. famousD. philosopher【答案】 C【解析】【分析】句意：他是如此著名的哲学家。

定语是来修饰、限定、说明名词或代词的品质和特征的，famous，著名的，形容词，作定语修饰名词philosopher哲学家，故选C。

【点评】此题考查句子成分。

根据要确定的句子成分，分析句子结构，选出正确答案。

2．Which of the following sentences is correct?A. He came in and sat down.B. We all like <Harry Potter>.C. When we met. He didn't say hello.D. We went out, headed for the bus stop.【答案】 A【解析】【分析】句意：下面那个句子是正确的。

A是简单句，came和sat是并列谓语，都是一般过去式，所以A正确。

B中的符号不符合英语习惯，在英语中没有书名号，表示书名时通常用斜体字形式。

C句的标点符号是错误的，把met后的句号改为逗号才符合复合句的定义。

D句中headed前应加上and或者将headed改为heading构成伴随状语。

因此选A。

【点评】考查句法知识。

3．Choose the correct structure（结构） of this sentence "He lent me a book."A. S+V+OB. S+V+IO+DOC. S+V+PD. S+V+DO+OC【答案】B【解析】【分析】句意“He lent me a book”。

he为主语S；lent为谓语V；me为间接宾语IO; a book为直宾DO。

英语中的句子成分1.主语：主语是谓语讲述的对象，表示所说的“是什么”或“是谁”We work in a big factory.The classroom is very big.Three are enough.To operate on the blind is one of the doctor’s job.Eating fruits is good for health.What we need is food.It is very interesting to play the game called “treat or trick”.It took two workers about three months to build the house.总结：主语一般由名词、代词、数词，不定代词，___________,或者从句充当，大多数主语都在句首。

2．谓语：谓语时用来说明主语“做什么”、“是什么”或“怎么样”，谓语必须是动词，谓语和主语在“人称”和“数”两方面必须一致。

如：He runs every morning.She doesn’t like milk.We have finished the job.They are students.He can speak German.3．表语:放在在系动词后面。

系动词包括：感官动词（look,sound,smell,taste,feel），be动词，变化动词（get，become，turn），保持动词（stay,keep,remain）You look younger than before.My father is a teacher.My face turn red.He remains a factory worker.4．宾语:宾语是动作、行为的承受者，通常放在谓语动词后面。

He often helps me.He likes to sleep in the open air.The Americans enjoyed living in China.I believe that they can finish the work in time.直接宾语和间接宾语We brought them some food.=We brought some food for them5.定语▲定语用来修饰名词或代词。