下载文档原格式
Artificial IntelligenceIntroductionArtificial Intelligence (AI) is a branch of computer science that revolves around the development of intelligent machines capable of performing tasks that would typically require human intelligence. These tasks include speech recognition, problem-solving, learning, planning, and decision-making.History of Artificial IntelligenceThe concept of AI dates back to ancient times, with mythical stories of mechanical beings possessing human-like intelligence. However, the actual development of AI as a science began in the mid-20th century. In 1956, the Dartmouth Conference marked the birth of AI as a field, bringing together researchers interested in machine learning and problem-solving.Types of Artificial IntelligenceWeak AIWeak AI, also known as narrow AI, refers to systems that are designed to perform specific tasks. These systems are not capable of understanding or replicating human-level intelligence. Examples of weak AI systems include voice assistants like Siri and Alexa, and recommendation algorithms used by various online platforms.Strong AIStrong AI, also known as general AI, is the ultimate goal of AI research. It refers to systems that possess human-level intelligence and can perform any intellectual task that a human being can do. Strong AI is still largely theoretical and remains a topic of debate among experts.Applications of Artificial IntelligenceAI has found its way into numerous areas of our lives, revolutionizing industries and bringing about extraordinary advancements. Some notable applications of AI include:HealthcareAI is being utilized in healthcare to improve diagnostics accuracy, assist in surgeries, and develop personalized treatment plans. Machine learning algorithms are enabling early prediction of diseases and detecting patterns in large datasets, leading to faster and more accurate diagnoses.FinanceIn the financial sector, AI is used for fraud detection, risk assessment, trading algorithms, and customer service automation. AI-powered chatbots are increasingly being deployed by banks and financial institutions to handle customer inquiries and provide personalized assistance.TransportationAutonomous vehicles are a prominent application of AI in the transportation industry. These vehicles use AI algorithms to navigate roads, detect obstacles, and make decisions in real-time. The development of self-driving cars has the potential to improve road safety and reduce traffic congestion.EducationAI is transforming the education sector by enabling personalized learning experiences. Intelligent tutoring systems use machine learning algorithms to adapt the curriculum to individual student needs. AI-powered tools can also automate grading and provide instant feedback to students.Challenges and Ethical ConsiderationsWhile AI offers great promise, there are several challenges and ethical considerations associated with its widespread adoption. Some of these challenges include:Job DisplacementThe automation of tasks previously performed by humans may lead to job displacement in various industries. As AI technology advances, it is essential to focus on reskilling and upskilling the workforce to adapt to the changing job market.Data Privacy and SecurityAI systems rely heavily on collecting and analyzing vast amounts of data. This poses challenges regarding data privacy and security. It is crucial to ensure that data is ethically obtained and protected to prevent misuse or unauthorized access.Bias and FairnessAI systems are only as unbiased as the data they are trained on. Biases in training data can lead to discriminatory outcomes, reinforcing existing inequalities. Ensuring fairness and addressing biases in AI algorithms is a critical objective for researchers and developers.Future OutlookThe field of artificial intelligence is rapidly evolving, and its impact on society is expected to grow exponentially in the coming years. Advancements such as quantum computing, deep learning, and natural language processing are paving the way for new and exciting possibilities in AI.With continued research and development, AI has the potential to transform industries, enhance human productivity, and tackle some of the world’s most pressing challenges. However, it is crucial to navigate the ethical considerations and ensure AI is designed and used responsibly to maximize its benefits for humanity.ConclusionArtificial Intelligence has come a long way since its inception and is making significant contributions to various industries. From healthcare to transportation, AI is revolutionizing the way we live and work. As the field continues to advance, it is essential to address the challenges and ethical considerations associated with AI to ensure a responsible and inclusive future for artificial intelligence.Note: This document is written in Markdown format.。
I.J. Computer Network and Information Security, 2014, 9, 58-65Published Online August 2014 in MECS (/)DOI: 10.5815/ijcnis.2014.09.08SM-SIP: Seamless Mobility Management for Heterogeneous Wireless NetworksKhaled ZeraouliaUniversity of Sciences and Technology Houari Boumediene (USTHB) El Alia BP 32, Bab Ezzouar 16111Tel/ Fax: 213 021 24 71 87 Algiers, Algeriakhaled.zeraoulia@Nadjib BadacheResearch Center on Scientific and Technical Information CERIST Algiers, Algerianbadache@Cerist.dzAbstract—Next-generation wireless networks (NGN) and internet of Thing (IoT) become two leaders of designing mobile multimedia services. The deployment of these services using heterogeneous wireless networks will be the important factor that leads to profound change in the way that these services are delivered. Also, how these services will be managed is a real challenge. Consequently, Seamless mobility management should be provided to support various services in heterogeneous networks. A SIP-based network appears as a very attractive alternative to mobile multimedia applications. In this paper, we introduce a novel mobility management strategy for mobile SIP networks, in which we develop a seamless handover used mobile SIP scheme called SM-SIP (Seamless Mobility Management for Heterogeneous Wireless Networks for Mobile SIP environment). SM-SIP can significantly reduce the system signaling cost and handover delay, by proactively processing the address allocation and session updates using link layer information of wireless networks. Also, our performance study shows that SM-SIP reduces efficiently packets loss using an anticipated buffering scheme.Index Terms—Seamless handoff, Fast handoff, Multimedia applications, QoS, Hierarchical SIP, Mobility management, Wireless communication).I.I NTRODUCTIONIn the last few years the number of mobile devices as well as access technologies has increased and the number devices are expected to increase with growing speed [1]. In addition, the rise of these devices in a communicating network creates the Internet of Things (IoT) which is the next revolutionary technology in transforming the internet into a fully integrated future internet [2].This new concept will provide new services and ubiquitous communications including large numbers of nodes (PDAs, laptops, sensors, etc.) with varying functionalities and carried by heterogeneous wireless networks (HWNs) [3][4][26]. So, designing these new services is a real challenge to overcome. In this work, we focus on the mobility management of these services in heterogeneous wireless networks (Fig.1).Fig.1. SM-SIP applicationIn our mobile multimedia service design, we assume that we have three important components: the first is the wireless sensing networks formed by the wireless sensor nodes. The second is cluster head in which a node serves as cluster head (CH) that buffer data originated from sources and transfer to sink nodes when they arrive. CH enables sink node to collect a large volume of data at a time without traveling long distances, Sink node moves along sensing areas and transmits sensing information to the third component which is the end- user which in turn may send information to the sink node. In this context, the designer of these services must investigate the mobility of sink node to meet QoS requirements. In mobile networks, mobile multimedia applications are delay-sensitive, loss-sensitive and causing overhead. There are mainly four ways of providing mobility nowadays. The first approach concerns link-layer mobility that is specific for each radio access network. In cellular networks, the handover from one node to another one is performed with the serving radio network subsystem relocation procedure [5][29]. The second approach handles mobility at the network layer by using Mobile IP [6]. The third approach is to consider mobility at the transport layer by using mobile SCTP (StreamControl Transmission Protocol) [7]. The last approach isto use application-layer mobility with Session Initiation Protocol (SIP) [8].Although the mobile SIP and mobile IPv6 [9][10]offer mobility management capability, mobile IPv6 is not suitable for supporting streaming media with stringent delay and eliminates packet losses requirements. Enabling mobility in IP networks is an important issue for making use of the many light-weight devices appearing at the market. The IP mobility support being standardized in the IETF uses tunnelling of IP packets from a Home Agent to a Foreign Agent to make the mobility transparent to the higher layer. There are a number of problems associated with Mobile IP, such as routing, each host needing a home IP address, tunnelling management, etc. furthermore, Future mobile systems, user demand for continuous connectivity is increasing irrespective of which type of interface or network they are using. With the growth of the wireless internet and the mobile computing marketplace we expect to see mobility without any geographical or network boundaries.In addition, several works in littirature investigated all-IP communication between WSN and IPv6 networks [11][12], such as IPv6 over Low power Wireless Personal Area Networks (6Lo-WPAN)[13] which is a protocol architecture that has recently been ratified to enable the seamless interconnectionof wireless sensor networks (WSN) to the Internet. Although, these works bring significant impact especially for interconnection way and data transmission, these improvements remain insufficient against flexibility, address configuration, Mobility, routing mechanisme and congestion problem. In this situation, the mobility management needs careful investigation to offer reasonable delays and packet loss for mobile multimedia and real time applications in different type of network. Mobile-SIP is evolving as the dominant protocol for multimedia call control in wireless and mobile networks. Providing seamless mobility support is one of the most challenging problems towards the system integration of fourth generation (4G) wireless networks [14]. Most of the related literature focuses on seamless mobility aiming to reduce the packet loss rate and handover delay which would eventually lead to efficiency mobile multimedia communication. Also, application-layer mobility management protocol like the Session Initiation Protocol (SIP) has been considered as the right candidate for handling mobility in the heterogeneous 4G wireless networks.Several contributions have been proposed to improve performance during handover [15] [16] [17]. Handover latency is the primary cause of packet loss resulting in performance degradation of Mobile IPv6 or mobile SIP. Mobile IPv6 with fast Handover enables a Mobile Node (MN) to quickly detect at the IP layer that it has moved to a new subnet by receiving link-related information from the link-layer [18]. Several research have been conducted in order to improve Link layer handoff performance in terms of handoff delays and packet loss rates for fast handover transmission. Since probe delays consist of the main contributor to the overall L2 handoff latency. [19] proposed a new intelligent fast handover scheme for mobile IPv6-based WLANs. The new approach consists of equipping mobile nodes with pre-configured mobility pattern to select new access point prior to attachment. [20] conducted a simulative evaluation of the overall performance of Fast Handovers for Mobile IPv6 in comparison. [21] enhanced buffer management scheme for Fast handover protocol. [22] described a fast handover scheme based mobile IP ( FMIPv6) combining two operation modes is analyzed considering the PPMF that is affected by the radius of a cell, velocity of mobile nodes, and the layer 2 triggering time. The effect of system parameters, such as the PPMF, the time required to process additional layer 3 signaling, and the layer 2 trigger time, is analytically investigated with respect to the signaling cost and the packet delivery cost. [18] proposed an enhancement to Fast Mobile IPv6 handover (FMIPv6), based on link layer information. Also, we proposed in [23] a seamless multimedia handoff for hierarchical mobile with a novel anticipate buffering scheme. [8] proposed a Predictive Address Reservation with SIP (PAR-SIP) which decreases handoff delay by proactively processing the address allocation and session update using link layer information of wireless networks.[24] introduced application layer techniques to achieve fast handoff for real-time based multimedia traffic in a SIP signaling environment.In our previous work [16], we introduced fast hierarchical mechanism FHSIP based on PARSIP mechanism [8]. The main contribution of our work is the integrating our anticipated buffering scheme [23] in our fast hierarchical mobile SIP described in [16] to provide a seamless mobility management over heterogeneous networks.Also, we try to eliminate packet loss and minimise handover latency for mobile multimedia services. At first, a novel buffering scheme is integrated to achieve free packet loss on fast hierarchical mobile sip environment in which we develop a seamless handover scheme called SM-SIP (Seamless Mobility scheme for Mobile SIP environment). SM-SIP can significantly reduce the system signalling cost and handover delay, by proactively processing the address allocation and session updates using link layer information of wireless networks. Also, our performance study shows that SM-SIP reduces efficiently packets loss using an anticipated buffering scheme.The rest of the paper is organized as follows. Section II provides theoritical backround. Implementation and Simulation details of our proposed solution SM-SIP are described in section III and IV. We finally conclude the paper in section V.II.T HEORITICAL BACKGROUNDMobile IP is designed for mobility management; it causes a high latency and signalling overhead during handover. Therefore, advanced mobility mechanisms improving Mobile SIP are desirable to perform efficient handover. Also, appropriate Quality of Service (QoS)support is needed for mobility-enhanced in order to meet mobile user’s expectations. For these raisons, our solution SM-SIP uses the Handover Layer 2 information to anticpate buffering scheme. To enhance the fast handover mechanism in SM-SIP we adopte the movement detection defined in PAR-SIP[ 8] where eachmobile node starts to search another reachable access point (AP) using active scan as the Signal to Noise Ratio (SNR) value of the current AP falls below the Cell Search Threshold. HMSIP [25] is used to reduce signaling overhead and handoff delay inside the same domain in a SIP environment. It follows the general regional registration approach found in various intra-domains mobility schemes (MIP-RR, HMIPv6) [9] and builds on SIP hierarchical registration. HMSIP defined a new entity responsible for locally handling intra-domain mobility called SIP Mobility Agent (SIPMA). SIPMA is a domain border router enhanced with the functionality of SIP Proxy and SIP Registrar. HMSIP allocates two IP addresses to the Mobile Host (MH), a local address (LA) reflecting the MH current point of attachment allocated by the serving access router and a global Domain Address (DA) used to uniquely identify the MH during its roaming inside the same domain, and is allocated by the SIP MA. The SIP MA maintains and manages a data base of soft state mappings between the SIP URI, the DA and the LA for each mobile that roams inside the domain. HMSIP caters for intra-domain mobility and relies on Mobile SIP2 for handling inter-domain mobility.SM-SIP is based on Hierarchical Mobile SIP to reduce signalling overhead and support seamless handoff in wireless/mobile networks. The regional registration procedure proposed by HMSIP offers low handoff delay, but it remains too high for real time applications which require low handoff. HMSIP can’t offer such delays even by eliminating home registration procedure because in addition to time necessary for Link layer handoff, the MH must detect movements in the network layer (it must discover that it is on a new sub-network using Router Advertisement (RA), which a router periodically broadcasts), obtain a new IP Address, re-configure its own network interface and some network parameters to communicate again, and finally update its location information by sending the SIP REGISTER message to the local registrar. Among the above steps, address allocation takes the most part of the handoff delay. DRCP [27]reduces the address allocation time; a handoff still requires a few hundred milliseconds. Address acquisition becomes then the main cause in degrading the service quality in real-time applications. For this reason and in order to reduce handoff delay at a value suitable for real time applications, we propose to reinforce HMSIP with a Predictive Reservation Address mechanism (PAR) (Fig.2). The regional registration procedure proposed by HMSIP offers low handoff delay, but it remains too high for real time applications which require handoff delay to avoid service degradation. So, to reduce total handover latency, PAR (Predictive Address Reservation) mechanism with HMSIP allows not only reducing handoff delay but also signalling overhead. To obtainFig.2. Link layer handover triggering in HMSIP [16]a new IP address in advance, MH must forecast its network layer movements before receiving RA (Router Advertisement) from a router. Network layer movements detection is done as follows: When the Signal to Noise Ratio value (SNR) of the current access point (AP) falls below the Cell Search Threshold, the MH starts to search another reachable AP with higher SNR than the current one (active scan). After the selection of such an AP and using an AP list, MH can verify whether the predictive AP belongs to the same access router or to a neighbour one. If the predictive AP belongs to the same access router, a link layer handoff is performed using its address MAC, else MH starts the Address Reservation Process. To the SIP-MA entity is added a data base to manage the domain access routers information. Each AR contains a neighbour AR information table, updated periodically by the SIP MA entity, to allocate a temporary address and to create an AP list for the MH.Fig.3. PAR-HMSIP handoff flow [16]The address reservation process is carried out in the same manner as in [8] with some modifications adapting it to the hierarchical environment. When a MH detects network layer handoff, it sends a reservation request to the current AR, cAR, as shown in the (Fig.3).The cAR sends to MH a temporary local address, topologically correct for the new sub network, and asks the SIP-MA router to validate this address. The SIP-MA router verifies that the allocated address is not used and replies with a validation message. The cAR then authorizes MH to use the allocated address. After this, MH sends a SIP REGISTER message to the SIP registrar of the serving SIP-MA and receives the OK message as a reply before the triggering of the link layer handoff. Allmobilitysupport using SIP proposals, privilege the reestablishment of the ongoing sessions (the SIP re-INVITE message) against the location information update after a handoff. But, in HMSIP environment there is no need to re-establish the ongoing SIP sessions after an intra-domain handoff, because the SIP-MA is informed about the new LA of the MH via the regional registration procedure and is able to Mobile SIP. Redirect the data path to the new location. Therefore there is also no need to re-establish in advance an ongoing session in SM-SIP. This allows reducing the number of procedures to be performed before the link layer handoff triggering and therefore the increase of the probability so that the tasks to be performed before the link layer handoff terminate before the triggering of the link layer handoff.III.S M-SIPMobility management with provision of seamless mobility and service continuity is the key topic in mobile network. In this section we will discuss our proposed scheme (SM-SIP).Our solution tries to provide good QoS performance support for mobile multimedia applications. Signaling overhead and handoff delays are reducing by using fast handover mechanism (combining: Predictive address reservation, handover anticipated) over HMSIP mode. Also, SM-SIP may guarantee seamless multimedia handover as long as the MH moves. But it is still not enough to enhance packet loss over real time and multimedia services. So we propose a integrate data buffering scheme [23] to reduce the amount of buffered user data along with the application requirements by integrating a fast buffering mechanism.Loss free packet: (Anticipated buffering process using security threshold)To minimize loss packet during handover, SM-SIP proposes an anticipate buffering (Fig.4)process with conditional tunnelling. This process enabling the temporary storage of the tunnelled before the handover packets, thus eliminating packet loss occurred during the link layer handover period.In Handoff mechanism, Signal strength based measurements are considered due to its simplicity [28]. Building on this, we define the two following metrics:a)LT (Loss threshold): A packet may be considered as lost if it is received with Signal Strength (SS) less than LT.b)ST (Security threshold): This threshold may be useful to synchronize with the start of Buffering application Handover: related to the initial idea was to start buffering with a broadcast message «Handoff Initiate». However, there may be packets loss before sending this message; we define the security threshold for anticipating the buffering before the signal level deteriorates. Soon as the mobile host receives the signal strength equal to the security threshold, it sends a message Application Control Buffer (RCB) to its old access router. This message acts as initiator of storing packets in the buffer. While the packets are being stored, the old access router sends a copy of these packets until there is a disconnection from the mobile host (reached the loss threshold). Note that the buffering continues until the connection with the new router is established and make a record with the new router.Fig.4. Anticipated Buffering Process [23]SM-SIP handover (Fig.5) is described as follows:Fig.5. SM-SIP handoverThe handoff procedure in mobile SIP environment consists of six subprocedures (Tab.1). Delay for each sub-procedure can be represented with T0~T5 as following:Table.1. handover sub-proceduresSIP_Handoff_Delay= T0 + T1 + T2+T3+ T4+ T5 (1) With PAR and link layer mechanisms, the delay required for DHCP Transaction and the re-INVITE procedure is not necessary since a MN proactively performs theaddress allocation and re-INVITE procedure before handoff. Thus, T2 and T4 values appeared zero. The total handoff delay can be estimated with the following [8]:SIP-Fast_Handoff_Delay= SIP_Handoff_Delay - T2 –T4= T0 + T1 + T3 + T5 (2)The integration of PAR mechanism in HMSIP (regional registration) reduce efficiently both handover overhead and delay, moreover, Address reservation delay and registration delay values appeared zero(executed in parallel within an existing SIP session). So, SIM-SIP handoff delay can be estimated as follow:SM-SIP_Handoff _Delay= T0+T6 (3)Where T6 = SIP-SES: Reconfiguration time + Time to establish a new SIP session in HMSIP. Note that withSM-SIP (Fig.5):T6<= T4+T5 (4)IV.S IMULATION1Simulation scenarioWe assume that there is no change in direction while the MH moves inside the overlapping area.Simulator: Ns-allinone-2.34Network: 1000*1000Modulation: DSSSBandwidth: 100 mbpsTraffic generator: videoPacket rate: 50 packet per secondPacket size: 512 bytesLoss Threshold: 3.41828e-10 Watts[27] presented a method to simulate sending the video in NS-2. We used this method to simulate the behavior of video transmission to mobile node. Obtaining a trace file can be using as scenario of sending video frames, this trace can be read by the simulator NS-2 (Fig.6). This will correspond to a send data during simulation.Fig.6. Video simulation model over NS-22Simulation resultsIn this section, we analyze the SM-SIP performance against different mobility solutions. It will be carried out four aspects: handover latency, throughput, jitter and handover loss packets. As we analyzed the performance of our proposed scheme we proved that SM-SIP transmits message faster and efficient than FMIPv6, FHMIPv6 and HMIPv6.Fig.7. Latency handover vs moving speedFig.7 and Fig.8 show the increase in the handover latency and the packet loss due to an increase in moving speed of MHs. As can be seen, SM-SIP approach performs better than FHMIPV6, HMIPv6 and HMSIP in terms of the handover latency and packet loss. Although the SM-SIP (with the integration of thresholds: ST-LT, Using HMSIP, Predictive Address Reservation) is designed to minimize the packet loss and the latency during a handover, a worse performance is observed with respect to HMIPv6 and HMSIP. In contrast, SM-SIP provides a low latency handover (1.04 and 1.75 s). This is due to the fundamental difference between handover registrations and anticipation Procedures in SM-SIP and other procedures. Furthermore, the number of packets lost depends on the moving speed of MH.Fig.8. Packet loss Rate (%) vs moving speedAs seen in the (Fig.8), SM-SIP packets lost rate isbetween 0 and 0.024. This means that the packet loss cantotally eliminated if we use an anticipated bufferingscheme.Fig.9. Jitter vs sequence number generatedFig.9shows the jitter comparison under videosequence generated. The mean jitter for video traffic is0.08 and 0.038s in HMSIP and SM-SIP correspondingly.In the other hand the mean jitter for video traffic is 0.14and 0.18 s in HMIPV6 and FHMIPV6 correspondingly.Furthermore, we can see that when the payload is light,there is no loss in SM-SIP for video traffic. We can seealso, that there is a difference between HMSIP and theSM-SIP6 under heavy background payload; Payloadaffects more to the performance of HMIPV6, FHMIPV6and HMSIP than SM-SIP. When there is heavybackground payload, the loss rate of HMIPV6, FHMIPV6and HMSIP is bigger than that of SM-SIP.Fig.10. throughput (Mb/s) Vs Moving speedFig.10 shows the dependency of the system throughputon buffer size. We allocate different buffer sizes tomobile nodes to see the dependency of the aggregatethroughput on the buffer size. Tha average throughput is:29, 25, 26, and 33 for buffer size equal to: 40 packets,100, 500, 1000 correspondingly.We can say that under small buffer conditions andunder video- traffic, a reduction the buffer size choice hasa positive effect on the throughput performance. So, wecan overcome throughput exceeds the saturationthroughput, by allocating the right buffer size. This maynot be easy in practice because one does not necessarilyknow a priori the number of clients in the system or theirrespective arrival processes. Fortunately, even if onecannot perfectly fit the buffer size to the traffic scenario,not much is lost in term of throughput. As we have seen,a smaller buffer gives identical throughput performanceas a large buffer under ten users and more, in which casesmaller buffers outperform large buffers.V.C ONCLUSIONThis paper proposes a handover scheme for achievingmobile multimedia services. The integration of the PARmechanism with the Hierarchical Mobile SIP reducessignificantly the handoff latency. Also, the integration ofanticipated buffering reduces significantly the handoffpacket losses during the handover process but itsintegration with the HMSIP environment provides betterhandoff performance. The paper analyzes the scheme'sperformance parameters, including the handover latency,throughput, jitter and handover loss packets. As weanalyzed the performance of our proposed scheme weproved that SM-SIP transmits message faster andefficient than FMIPv6, FHMIPv6 and HMIPv6.R EFERENCES[1]J.Puttonen, ―Mobility Management in Wireless‖. PublishedPhD thesis, University of Jyvaskyla, Finland, 2006.[2]J.Gubbi, R.Buyya, S.Marusic, M.Palaniswami, ―Internet ofThings (IoT): A vision, architectural elements, and future directions‖, Future Generation Computer Systems, Vol.29, P.1645-1660, 2013.[3]M.Ulema, J.M.Nogueira, and B.Kozbe ―Management ofWireless Ad Hoc Networks andWireless Sensor Networks‖, Journal of Network and Systems Management, Vol. 14, No.3, 200677.[4]K.Yang, Y.Wu, H.Chen, ―QoS-aware routing in emergingheterogeneous wireless networks, Quality-of-Service-Based Routing Algorithms for Heterogeneous Networks‖ IEEE Communications Magazine, 2007.[5]H.Fathi, S.Chakraborty and R.Prasad, ―MobilityManagement for VoIP in 3G System: Evaluation of Low-Latency Handover Schemes‖, IEEE Wireless Communication magazine, Vol. 12, Issue 2, pp. 96-104, 2005.[6] C.Perkins,‖ IP Mobility Support forIPv4,‖RFC3344,IETF‖, August2002, /rfc/rfc3344.txt?number=3344/(Accessed 20 March 2011).[7]Y.Leu, ―A novel network mobility handoff scheme usingSIP and SCTP for multimedia applications‖, Journal of Network and Computer Applications, vol. 32, pp. 1073–1091, 2009.[8]W.M.Kim, K.Kim, C.Lee.Yu and L.Link, ―Layer AssistedMobility Support Using SIP for Real-time Multimedia Communicationsé‖ ACM MobiWac.Philadelphia, PA, U.S.A, 2004.[9]M.Tao, H. Yu, ―A Smooth Handover Scheme for Fast-Moving Users in Mobile IPv6 Networks‖, WIRELESS PERSONAL COMMUNICATIONS, Vol.60, No 4, pp. 649-664, 2010.[10]L.J.HANG, P.Samuel, ―Evaluating the Performance of FastHandover for Hierarchical MIPv6 in Cellular Networks‖, JOURNAL OF NETWORKS, Vol. 3, No. 6, pp. 36-43, 2008.[11]W. Xiaonan, Q. Huanyan, ―Research on all-IPcommunication between wireless sensor networks and IPv6 networks‖, Computer Standards & Interfaces, vol 35, pp 403–414, 2013.[12]W.Xiaonan, Z.Shan, ―All-IP communication betweenwireless sensor networks and IPv6 networks based on location information‖ Computer Standards & Interfaces, vol. 35, pp 65–77, 2013.[13]A.Berguiga, H.Youssef, ―A Fast Handover Scheme forProxy-based Mobility in Wireless Sensor Networks‖MobiWac’12, October 21–22, Paphos, Cyprus, 2012. [14]N.Banerjee, W.Wu, K.Basu, S.K.Das, ―Analysis of SIP-based mobility management in 4G wireless networks‖ Computer Communications‖, vol. 27, pp.697–707, 2004. [15]N.Banerjee, A. Acharya and S.K.Das, ―Seamless SIP-based mobility for multimedia applications,‖ IEEE Network, vol. 20, no. 2, 2006.[16]F.Chahbour, N.Nouali, K.Zeraoulia, ―Fast Handoff forHierarchical Mobile SIP network ―,The Third World Enformatika Conference, WEC'05, April 27-29, Istanbul, Turkey, 2005.[17]Y.Leu, ―A novel network mobility handoff scheme usingSIP and SCTP for multimedia applications‖, Journal of Network and Computer Applications Vol. 32, pp. 1073–1091, 2009. [18]M.Alnas, I.Awan, R.D.W.Holton, ―PerformanceEvaluation of Fast Handover in Mobile IPv6 Based on Link-Layer Information‖, the Journal of Systems and Software 83 1644–1650, 2010.[19]L.J.Zhang, S.Pierre,―Intelligent Fast Handover Scheme forMobile IPv6-based Wireless Local Area‖ Networks IJCSNS International Journal of Computer Science and Network 60 Security, VOL.9 No.8, August 2009[20]M.Torrent, X.Perez-Costa, S.Sallent-Ribes,‖APerformance Study of Fast Handovers for Mobile IPv6‖, 28th Annual IEEE International Conference on Local Computer Networks (LCN’03), 2003.[21]Yao.M, and Chen.Y‖ An Enhanced Buffer ManagementScheme for Fast Handover Protocol‖, Proceedings of the 24th International Conference on Distributed Computing Systems Workshops (ICDCSW’04), 2004.[22]S.Ryu, K.Lee, Y.Mun, ―Optimized fast handover schemein Mobile IPv6 networks to support mobile users for cloud computing J Supercomput, 2010.[23]K.Zeraoulia, N.Badache, ―Seamless Multimedia Handofffor Hierarchical Mobile IPv6‖T he Seventh International Conference on Wireless and Mobile Communications ICWMC 2011 June 19-24, Luxembourg, 2011.[24] A.Dutta, S.M adhani, W.Chen,‖ Fast-handoff Schemes forApplication Layer Mobility Management‖, 15th IEEE International Symposium on Personal, Indoor and Mobile Radio Communications, PIMRC 2004, 2004.[25]N.C.Chang, T.Mai, L.H.Chang, ―HMSIP: HierarchicalMulticast SIP Protocol for streaming multimedia in wireless networks‖, IEEE International Conference on Networking, Sensing and Control, Taipei, Taiwan, March 21-23, 2004.[26]A.Barnawi,A.H.Altalhi,M.R.Qureshi,A.I.Khan,―Evaluationof IP Multimedia Subsystem based Mobile Mass Examination System‖ I. J. Computer Network and Information Security, 2012, 4, 1-12[27]S.Linck, E.Mory, J.Bourgeois, E.Dedu,‖Video qualityestimation of DCCP streaming over wireless networks‖, 14th Euromicro International Conference on Parallel, Distributed, and Network-Based Processing, February 15th - 17th, Montbéliard-Sochaux – France, 2006.[28]M.N.Vikas,K.N.Keshava,R.K.Prabhas,I.Hameem-Shanava,―Efficient Hand off using Fuzzy and Simulated Annealing‖I. J. Computer Network and Information Security, 2012, 1,17-23[29]A.Bhuvaneswari, E.G.D.Prakash Raj, ―An Overview ofVertical Handoff Decision Making Algorithms‖ I. J.Computer Network and Information Security, 2012, 9, 55-62.Authors’ ProfilesZeraoulia Khaled He graduated in 2002 as Dipl. Eng, and got his Master in 2005from Electrical Engineering and computer science (USTHB), with a thesis on ―video transmission over wireless networks‖. Since 2008 he is PhD student in this faculty, working on a thesis entitled ―Quality of Services in wireless multimedia mobile comm unications‖.Nadjib Badache received the engineer degree in computer science from the University of Constantine, Algeria, in 1978 and the master’s and PhD degrees from the University of Sciences and Technology Houari Boummediene (USTHB),。
第1篇IntroductionIn this English interview question, we will explore the concept of designing an innovative learning app specifically tailored for multilingual children. The app aims to enhance their language skills, cultural understanding, and cognitive development in a fun and interactive manner. The candidate will be expected to demonstrate their ability to think critically, solve problems, and apply their knowledge of educational technology, linguistics, and child psychology.Question:As a team of educational technologists and language experts, we are tasked with designing an innovative learning app for multilingual children aged 5-12. The app should cater to various language levels, from beginners to advanced, and should be accessible across different devices. Your role is to outline the key features, functionalities, and educational strategies that will make this app a success. Please address the following points in your response:1. App Overview and Target Audience:- Provide a brief overview of the app's purpose and target audience.- Explain the rationale behind focusing on multilingual children and the potential benefits of early language exposure.2. User Interface and Design:- Describe the user interface (UI) and user experience (UX) design principles that will be applied to ensure the app is user-friendly and engaging for children.- Discuss the importance of visual appeal, color schemes, and graphics in attracting and retaining young users.3. Language Features:- Outline the different language options available in the app and how they cater to varying levels of proficiency.- Explain the methods for incorporating pronunciation guides, vocabulary building, and grammar exercises.4. Interactive Learning Modules:- Describe the types of interactive learning modules that will be included in the app, such as games, quizzes, stories, and role-playing scenarios.- Discuss how these modules will encourage active learning and provide immediate feedback to children.5. Cultural Integration:- Explain how the app will integrate cultural elements to enhance children's understanding of different languages and cultures.- Provide examples of cultural activities, festivals, and traditions that will be featured in the app.6. Parental Involvement and Monitoring:- Discuss the features that will enable parents to monitor theirchild's progress and provide support.- Explain how the app will encourage parental involvement and ensure a safe and educational environment.7. Technology Integration:- Describe the technologies that will be used to ensure the app runs smoothly and efficiently on various devices.- Discuss the importance of cloud-based services, data analytics, and adaptive learning algorithms.8. Testing and Feedback:- Outline the testing phases and methodologies that will be employed to ensure the app's effectiveness and usability.- Discuss the importance of collecting and analyzing user feedback to continuously improve the app.9. Marketing and Distribution:- Propose a marketing strategy to promote the app to parents, educators, and schools.- Discuss the distribution channels and partnerships that will be utilized to maximize the app's reach.10. Ethical Considerations and Accessibility:- Address any ethical considerations, such as data privacy and child safety, that must be taken into account during the app's development.- Discuss the measures that will be implemented to ensure the app is accessible to children with disabilities.Answer:1. App Overview and Target Audience:The Multilingual Lighthouse app is designed to provide a comprehensive language learning experience for multilingual children aged 5-12. Our target audience includes children who are native speakers of one language, have one or more additional languages at varying levels of proficiency, and are eager to explore and enhance their linguistic skills. The app aims to foster cultural understanding, improve cognitive development, and lay a strong foundation for future language learning.2. User Interface and Design:The UI of the Multilingual Lighthouse app will be intuitive, engaging, and age-appropriate. We will use bright, vibrant colors and playful graphics to capture the attention of young users. The UX design will focus on simplicity, ensuring that children can navigate the appindependently. Interactive elements, such as touch gestures and voice commands, will be employed to enhance the learning experience.3. Language Features:The app will offer language options in English, Spanish, French, German, Mandarin, and Japanese, with additional languages to be added in future updates. Each language will have its own set of levels, ranging from beginner to advanced. Pronunciation guides will use both audio andvisual aids, and vocabulary building exercises will include flashcards, quizzes, and interactive games.4. Interactive Learning Modules:The app will feature a variety of interactive learning modules, such as:- Language Games: Engaging games that reinforce vocabulary, grammar, and pronunciation.- Story Time: Interactive stories that introduce new words and phrasesin context.- Role-Playing: Scenarios where children can practice conversational skills with animated characters.- Grammar Challenges: Quizzes and exercises designed to improve grammar knowledge.Each module will provide immediate feedback, allowing children to track their progress and celebrate their achievements.5. Cultural Integration:The app will incorporate cultural elements through:- Cultural Stories: Stories set in different countries, featuring traditional customs, festivals, and foods.- Cultural Games: Games that teach children about different cultures, such as cooking, music, and dance.- Cultural Quizzes: Quizzes that test knowledge about various cultures and traditions.6. Parental Involvement and Monitoring:The app will include features for parents, such as:- Progress Tracking: Real-time updates on their child's progress.- Customizable Settings: Options to adjust the difficulty level and learning pace.- Resource Library: Access to additional learning materials, such as worksheets and flashcards.7. Technology Integration:The app will be developed using the latest technologies, including:- Cloud Services: To ensure seamless access to the app across different devices.- Data Analytics: To gather insights on user behavior and improve the app's performance.- Adaptive Learning: Algorithms that adjust the learning content based on the child's performance and preferences.8. Testing and Feedback:The app will undergo rigorous testing, including:- User Testing: Inviting children to test the app and provide feedback on its usability and effectiveness.- Beta Testing: Releasing a limited version of the app to a select group of users and collecting their feedback.- Continuous Improvement: Regular updates based on user feedback and performance data.9. Marketing and Distribution:The marketing strategy will include:- Social Media Campaigns: Utilizing platforms like Instagram, Facebook, and YouTube to reach parents and educators.- Partnerships: Collaborating with schools, language learning institutions, and cultural organizations.- Influencer Marketing: Working with educational influencers to promote the app.10. Ethical Considerations and Accessibility:The app will adhere to strict ethical standards, including:- Data Privacy: Ensuring that user data is securely stored and only used for app improvement.- Child Safety: Implementing safety measures to protect children from inappropriate content and online predators.- Accessibility: Designing the app to be accessible to children with disabilities, such as visual and auditory impairments.In conclusion, the Multilingual Lighthouse app will be a groundbreaking tool for multilingual children, providing them with a fun andinteractive learning experience that enhances their language skills and cultural understanding.第2篇IntroductionIn today's rapidly evolving world, cities are at the forefront of technological advancements, economic growth, and environmental challenges. As we look towards the future, it is crucial to envision and design sustainable cities that can cater to the needs of the growing population while minimizing environmental impact. This interview question aims to assess the candidate's ability to think critically, propose innovative solutions, and demonstrate a comprehensive understanding of sustainable urban planning.Interview Question:Imagine you have been tasked with designing a sustainable city for the future. This city will be built from scratch, with no existing infrastructure or population. Your goal is to create a city that is environmentally friendly, economically viable, and socially inclusive. Please outline your approach, considering the following aspects:1. Geographic Location and Climate Considerations:- Choose a suitable geographic location for your sustainable city.- Explain how you would adapt the city's design to the local climate and topography.2. Urban Planning and Design:- Describe the layout of the city, including the placement of residential, commercial, and industrial areas.- Discuss the use of green spaces, parks, and recreational facilities within the city.- Explain how you would incorporate smart city technologies into the design.3. Transportation and Mobility:- Propose a comprehensive transportation system that minimizes reliance on private vehicles.- Discuss the role of public transportation, cycling, and walking in your city's design.- Explain how you would address the challenges of traffic congestion and air pollution.4. Energy and Resources:- Describe the energy sources you would use to power the city.- Discuss the implementation of renewable energy technologies, such as solar, wind, and hydroelectric power.- Explain how you would manage water resources and promote water conservation.5. Economic Development and Job Creation:- Outline the industries and businesses that would be supported in the city.- Discuss how you would attract investment and create job opportunities.- Explain how you would ensure economic stability and growth.6. Social Inclusion and Community Development:- Describe how you would ensure that the city is accessible and affordable for all residents.- Discuss the role of education, healthcare, and social services in the city's design.- Explain how you would foster a sense of community and promote cultural diversity.7. Challenges and Mitigation Strategies:- Identify potential challenges in creating a sustainable city and propose mitigation strategies.- Discuss how you would adapt the city's design to accommodate future population growth and technological advancements.Expected Length: 2500+ WordsGuidelines for Answering the Question:1. Introduction:- Begin by providing a brief overview of the importance of sustainable urban planning.- State your chosen geographic location and explain its suitability for the sustainable city.2. Geographic Location and Climate Considerations:- Discuss the specific characteristics of the chosen location, such as its climate, topography, and proximity to natural resources.- Explain how you would leverage these characteristics to enhance the city's sustainability.3. Urban Planning and Design:- Describe the overall layout of the city, emphasizing theintegration of different land uses.- Discuss the inclusion of green spaces, parks, and recreational facilities, ensuring accessibility and connectivity.- Explain how smart city technologies would be integrated into the design, such as smart grids, IoT devices, and autonomous vehicles.4. Transportation and Mobility:- Propose a multi-modal transportation system that prioritizes public transportation, cycling, and walking.- Discuss the role of infrastructure, such as bike lanes, pedestrian pathways, and public transit networks.- Address the challenges of traffic congestion and air pollution, proposing solutions like congestion pricing and electric vehicle incentives.5. Energy and Resources:- Describe the renewable energy sources you would use, such as solar, wind, and hydroelectric power.- Discuss the implementation of energy-efficient buildings and smart grid technology.- Explain how water resources would be managed, including rainwater harvesting, greywater recycling, and water conservation initiatives.6. Economic Development and Job Creation:- Outline the industries and businesses that would be supported in the city, focusing on sustainability and innovation.- Discuss strategies for attracting investment and creating job opportunities, such as tax incentives and infrastructure development.- Address economic stability and growth, emphasizing the importance of diversifying the economy and promoting entrepreneurship.7. Social Inclusion and Community Development:- Describe how the city would be designed to be accessible and affordable for all residents, including those with disabilities and low-income families.- Discuss the role of education, healthcare, and social services in the city's design, ensuring equitable access to these services.- Explain how you would foster a sense of community and promote cultural diversity, including the integration of cultural spaces and community events.8. Challenges and Mitigation Strategies:- Identify potential challenges in creating a sustainable city, such as political opposition, economic constraints, and social resistance.- Propose mitigation strategies, such as stakeholder engagement, public education, and policy development.- Discuss how the city's design would adapt to future population growth and technological advancements, emphasizing flexibility and scalability.Conclusion:Designing a sustainable city for the future is a complex and multifaceted task that requires a holistic approach. By considering the various aspects outlined in this interview question, candidates can demonstrate their ability to think critically, propose innovative solutions, and contribute to the creation of a more sustainable and livable urban environment.第3篇Introduction:In today's rapidly evolving technological landscape, the impact of innovation on society is more profound than ever. This interview question aims to explore the future of technology and its potential implications on various aspects of our lives. Candidates are expected to demonstrate their understanding of current technological trends, their critical thinking abilities, and their foresight into the potential challenges and opportunities that lie ahead.Question:Imagine you are a member of a futuristic think tank dedicated to shaping the technological landscape of the next 50 years. Your task is topredict the major technological advancements that will shape society and discuss their potential impacts. Please consider the following areas:1. Artificial Intelligence and Machine Learning:- How do you envision the role of AI and machine learning in everyday life by 2073?- What ethical considerations should be at the forefront when developing AI?- How can we ensure that AI is inclusive and benefits all segments of society?2. Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering:- Discuss the potential benefits and risks of advanced genetic engineering.- How might personalized medicine change healthcare delivery?- What ethical and social implications could arise from altering human biology?3. Quantum Computing:- How will quantum computing revolutionize fields such as cryptography, material science, and climate modeling?- What are the potential security risks associated with quantum computing?- How can we prepare for a world where quantum computers are commonplace?4. Space Exploration and Colonization:- What technological advancements will be necessary for successful space colonization?- How will the expansion into space affect global politics and economics?- What are the ethical and environmental concerns related to space exploration?5. Energy and Environmental Technology:- What innovative solutions will be needed to address climate change and energy scarcity?- How can we balance the need for technological advancement with environmental preservation?- What role will renewable energy technologies play in the future?6. Augmented and Virtual Reality:- How will AR and VR transform entertainment, education, and communication?- What are the psychological and social implications of immersive technologies?- How can we ensure that these technologies do not exacerbateexisting inequalities?7. Blockchain and Cryptocurrency:- What is the future of blockchain technology, and how will it impact finance, supply chain, and governance?- What are the potential risks associated with widespread adoption of cryptocurrency?- How can we regulate blockchain and cryptocurrency in a way that promotes innovation while mitigating risks?8. Robotics and Automation:- How will robotics and automation reshape the workforce and job market?- What strategies can be implemented to ensure a smooth transitionfor workers displaced by automation?- How can we ensure that robots and automated systems are designed with human values and safety in mind?9. Neurotechnology and Brain-Computer Interfaces:- What are the potential benefits and risks of advanced neurotechnology?- How might brain-computer interfaces change human-computer interaction?- What ethical considerations should guide the development of neurotechnology?10. The Role of Humans in the Future:- How will technological advancements affect human identity, creativity, and social interactions?- What skills will be most valuable in a world driven by technology?- How can we prepare for a future where technology and humanity are deeply intertwined?Guidelines for Answering:- Begin by summarizing your perspective on the role of technology in shaping the future.- For each area, provide a brief overview of current technological trends and potential future developments.- Discuss the potential benefits and risks associated with each technological advancement.- Address ethical, social, and environmental considerations.- Offer your own insights and predictions, supported by research or logical reasoning.- Conclude by reflecting on the broader implications of technological progress and the responsibilities of society and policymakers.Note:This question is designed to be open-ended and thought-provoking. There is no single correct answer, and candidates are encouraged to explore a wide range of perspectives and possibilities. The goal is to assess critical thinking, analytical skills, and the ability to engage with complex issues.。
Operations Research and Fuzziology 运筹与模糊学, 2023, 13(5), 4414-4427Published Online October 2023 in Hans. https:///journal/orfhttps:///10.12677/orf.2023.135441基于AHP-FCE的深度学习能力评价模型的构建研究周慧敏，陆海华南通大学理学院，江苏南通收稿日期：2023年7月13日；录用日期：2023年9月20日；发布日期：2023年9月27日摘要深度学习能力的评价是典型的多指标复杂型综合性评价，主要表现在四个维度：认知维度、思维维度、技能维度、情感维度。
层次分析法(AHP)可以人为控制某些指标的权重，对定性指标进行量化处理，使主观判断变为客观描述；模糊综合评价法(FCE)可以将定性评价转化为定量评价，对受到多种因素制约的深度学习能力进行总体评价，能够较好地解决模糊、难以量化的问题。
本研究将采用层次分析法确定深度学习能力的评价因素权重，利用模糊综合评价法建立评价模型，量化出深度学习能力评价的等级，最终进行指标体系构建和评价研究。
关键词层次分析法，模糊综合评价法，深度学习能力评价模型Research on the Construction of DeepLearning Ability Evaluation ModelBased on Analytic Hierarchy Processand Fuzzy Comprehensive EvaluationHuimin Zhou, Haihua LuSchool of Science, Nantong University, Nantong JiangsuReceived: Jul. 13th, 2023; accepted: Sep. 20th, 2023; published: Sep. 27th, 2023AbstractThe evaluation of deep learning ability is a typical multi-index and complex comprehensive evalu-周慧敏，陆海华ation. It is mainly manifested in the following four dimensions: cognitive dimension, dimension of thinking, skill dimension, emotional dimension. Analytic hierarchy process can artificially control the weight of some indicators, quantify qualitative indicators, and make subjective judgment into objective description. The fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method can transform the qualitative evaluation into the quantitative evaluation, and make the overall evaluation of the deep learning ability restricted by many factors, which can better solve the problems of fuzzy and difficult to quantify. In this study, Analytic hierarchy process will be used to determine the evaluation factor weight of deep learning ability, and fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method will be used to estab-lish the evaluation model, quantify the level of deep learning ability evaluation, and finally con-duct the index system construction and evaluation research.KeywordsAnalytic Hierarchy Process, Fuzzy Comprehensive Evaluation, Evaluation Model of Deep Learning AbilityThis work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution International License (CC BY 4.0)./licenses/by/4.0/1. 引言当今世界教育发展的主要趋势是：教育已经成为贯穿全体公民一生的终身教育，促进人全面发展的素质教育，突出学习者个性的创新教育。
本科学位论文基于vsTasker的作战想定仿真研究与设计学位申请人：张凯本科专业：测控技术与仪器指导教师：陈曦副教授答辩日期：2012.06.13出于政治及经济等方面的考虑，经常进行代价昂贵的实战演习和军事训练已非上策，因此作战仿真亦即作战模拟便成为维持和提高军事作战能力的一种重要方法。
钱学森先生说过：“作战模拟技术实质上提供了一个作战实验室，在这个实验室里，利用模拟的作战环境，可以进行策略和计划的实验，可以检验计划和策略的缺陷，可以预测策略和计划的效果，可以评估武器系统的效能，可以启发新的作战思想。
”由此可见，仿真作战不仅可以应用在军事训练等方面，还可以运用于其他与作战相关的效能评估。
本文立足于研究及学习作战仿真和计算机生成兵力相关理论，基于vsTasker 软件对某特定作战想定进行仿真，以对某通信网络在战场环境下的整体作战效能进行评估，并获取直观显示，以支持网络整体性能的研究。
该课题源于某所分布式仿真联试验证系统的开发项目。
本论文主要研究和实现了以下内容：●学习和研究有关计算机生成兵力、战场态势、想定仿真方面的知识。
●研究vsTasker平台开发方法，研究并使用软件提供API进行模型和逻辑设计，分析了该软件平台的显著特点。
●研究平台提供的实体动态模型和行为模型，新增特定的传感器模型。
●利用vsTasker进行计算机兵力生成和虚拟战场环境规划，包括作战环境设置、作战兵力部署等，采用C/C++语言并利用所提供的模型和新增特定模型，进行作战逻辑设计，开发一个攻防对抗的作战想定模块。
关键词：作战仿真、vsTasker、计算机生成兵力、战场态势、想定In consideration of politic and economy, it is unwise to make a practice of costly combat game and military drill. So Combat Simulation has become an important way to retain and enhance the ability of military combat. QianXuesen once said: Combat Simulation actually provides a combat laboratory, in the laboratory, we can make use of the simulative combat environment to perform experiment referred to strategies and plans, to check out the defects of the strategies and plans, to forecast the result of the strategies and plans, what’s more, it can evaluate the efficiency of weapon system and inspire us to discover new combat ideas. It follows that combat simulation can not only be used in military drills, but also in other aspects of efficiency evaluation related to combat.This paper which is based on the study of Combat Simulation and CGF system, describes a simulation of the designated combat scenario based on vsTasker. The simulation is used to evaluate the integral combat effectiveness of a communication network in combat environment and to obtain a visual display to support the research of the network integral effectiveness. The issue comes from a development project referred to a distributed simulation wholly confirmation system of a certain research institution.The main contents and results of this paper are stated as follows:●Learned and studied the knowledge about Computer Generated Force, BattlefieldSituation, Combat Simulation.●Studied the development method of vsTasker, studied and used the API providedby the software to design models, components and logics, analyzed the remarkable characteristics.●Studied the dynamics entity models and behaviors, added designated sensormodels.●Make use of the software to generate computer forces and plan the virtualbattlefield, including combat environment setting, combat forces deployment and so on. To design the combat logics and develop a attack-defense combat simulation module with C/C++ language and these provided models & newly added components.Keywords:Combat Simulation、vsTasker、CGF(Computer Generated Force)、Battlefield Situation、Scenario目录摘要 (I)Abstract ............................................................................................................................................. I I 1绪论.. (1)1.1选题背景 (1)1.1.1课题来源 (1)1.1.2课题目的 (1)1.1.3课题意义 (1)1.2研究现状综述 (1)1.2.1作战仿真系统研究成果 (1)1.2.2关键技术与存在的问题 (3)1.3课题内容 (4)1.3.1课题概况 (4)1.3.2课题任务要求 (4)1.4本文主要内容和组织结构 (5)2作战仿真主要理论与技术 (6)2.1作战仿真概述 (6)2.1.1作战仿真的概念 (6)2.1.2作战仿真的功能特点 (6)2.2仿真想定 (7)2.3计算机生成兵力概述 (8)2.3.1计算机生成兵力及其特点 (8)2.3.2CGF的操作员系统 (10)3基于vsTasker作战仿真模块的设计与开发 (11)3.1开发工具vsTasker介绍 (11)3.1.1vsTasker系统框架 (11)3.1.2vsTasker主要仿真特性 (12)3.1.3环境想定要素库与存储库 (14)3.1.4图形化模型定义和挂载 (16)3.1.5作战逻辑设计与实体行为跟踪 (17)3.1.6vsTasker通讯方式 (19)3.2作战仿真模块的需求分析 (19)3.2.1需要实现的功能 (19)3.2.2作战想定仿真流程 (20)3.3作战仿真模块的设计 (23)3.3.1红蓝双方兵力对抗部署 (23)3.3.2各实体所需模型组件的挂载和设计 (23)3.3.3红蓝双方对抗逻辑的设计 (24)3.3.4人机交互操作Commands的设计 (24)3.4作战仿真模块的开发 (25)3.4.1作战环境设置及双方兵力部署 (25)3.4.2各实体模型组件的添加和配置 (26)3.4.3各实体仿真逻辑的编写 (31)3.4.4人机交互操作Commands的编写 (39)4基于vsTasker作战仿真应用实例 (40)4.1实体的实时状态 (40)4.2战术规则逻辑图显示的实体态势 (41)4.3仿真运行时图表的显示 (42)4.4人机交互操作的加入 (42)5总结与展望 (44)致谢 (45)参考文献 (46)1 绪论1.1 选题背景1.1.1课题来源这项工作来自于某所分布式仿真联试验证系统的开发项目，该系统能够实现大规模网络性能评估和半实物系统联试。
