高考英语二轮复习第一部分题型专题方略专题四语法填空和短文改错第二讲短文改错题型分析课堂达标训练

位敦市安定阳光实验学校第二讲 短文改错A(2017·十校二模)It is clear shown that many middle school students have physical and mental problems.68% of the students surveying have studying anxiety as well as poor eyesight too.And a larger percentage lacks sleep.52% are short of physical exercise.42% of the students won’t obey our parents or teachers.Personal ly ，I think we student should balance our physical exercise and studies.Without sound body ，one can ’t achieve anything.However ，too much attention has been paid only on studies.As a result, I suggest we are given less homework or more time for out －of －classroom activities. Only in this way can we live a happy and healthy life. 答案：It is clearclearly shown that many middle school students have physicaland mental problems.68% of the students surveyingsurveyed have studyinganxiety as well as poor eyesight too ＼ .And a larger percentage lackslacksleep.52% are short of physical exercise.42% of the students won’tobey our their parents or teachers.Personally, I think we student studentsshould balance our physical exercise and studies.Without∧asound body ，one can ’t achieve anything.However ，too much attention has been paid only on to studies.As a result, I suggest we arebe given less homeworkorandmore time for out －of －classroom activities. Only in this way can we live a happy and healthy life.B(2017·模拟)Studying in the UK have been a good experience for me.When I first arrived, I find life very hard as I didn ’t know anybody here ，but I soon got to know other Chinese student at theter I became interesting in communicating with people from various cultures ，and I made fewer friends.During my study ，I chose to live in with my classmates in the dormitory.I think it ’s better than living in British family because I can meet people from different countries easy.The courses here are excellent. I enjoy the way the teachers give lessons.We are encouragedto think for yourselves，which is quite different from that I have experienced before.答案：Studying in the UK havehasbeen a good experience for me.When I firstarrived，I findfoundlife very hard as I didn’t know anybody here，but Isoon got to know other Chinese studentstudentsat the ter Ibecame interestinginterestedin communicating with people from various cultures，and I made fewermorefriends.During my study，I chose to live in＼ with my classmates in thedormitory.I think it’s better than living in ∧aBritish family becauseI can meet people from different countrieseasyeasily.The courses here areexcellent. I enjoy the way the teachers give lessons.We are encouragedto think for yourselvesourselves，which is quite different fromthatwhatI haveexperienced before.C(2017·六校)The day before Mother’s Day, everybody around me was talking about what was most suitable gift they would buy for their mothers.Buying flowers were what most students would do.However，I wanted to do something differently. As then I lived in school and couldn’t go back home on Mother’s Day, so I decided to call her and sent her my best wishes.I searched the Internet for suggestions, what were very useful ，and I read it carefully. When I called my mother，however，I had the feel that someone else’s words would have no meaning to her.So I gave in and just told my mother I loved her and thanked her to all she had done for me.答案：The day before Mother’s Day, everybody around me was talking about what was∧themost suitable gift they would buy for theirmothers.Buying flowerswerewaswhat most students would do.However，I wanted to do somethingdifferentlydifferent.As then I lived in school and couldn’t go back home on Mother’s Day，so＼ I decided to call her andsent send her my best wishes.I searched the Internet for suggestions, whatwhich were very useful ，and I readitthemcarefully. When I called my mother ，however ，I had the feelfeeling that someone else’s words would have nomeaning to her.So I gave inup and just told my mother I loved her andthanked her toforall she had done for me.D(2017·二模)Here is a funny story.One day three mouses said proudly to each other that t hey each could drink more wine ，so they decided to have a drinking contest. At last they both felt dizzy.One suggested ，“Will anybody go to the wine cellar to fetch another bottle of wine ？”The first s tood up and down then fell to the ground.The other two laughed and said ，“He was drinking and couldn ’t walk.” The second stood up. He just made several steps and couldn ’t help thrown up. The third laughed hardly and then it was their turn. He stood up and made one step, two steps... Nothing is wrong.He went straight to the wine cellar but took a bottle of wine.He stood there for while, turned backand said excitedly ，“Ha ha, where is the cat now ？” 答案：Here is a funny story.One day three mousesmice said proudly to eachother that they each could drink more wine ，so they decided to have a drinking contest. At last they bothall felt dizzy.One suggested ，“Willanybody go to the wine cellar to fetch another bottle of wine ？”The first stood up and down ＼ then fell to the ground.The other twolaughed and said ，“He was drinkingdrunk and couldn’t walk.” The secondstood up. He ju st made several steps and couldn’t help thrownthrowing up.The third laughed hardly hard and then it was theirhis turn. He stood up andmade one step, two steps... Nothingiswaswrong.He went straight to the wine cellar but and took a bottle of wine.He stood there for ∧a while,turned back and said excitedly ，“Ha ha ，where is the cat now ？”。

第二讲短文改错短文改错是集语法知识与语言技能为一体的综合性英语试题，它并不是单纯考查语法知识，而是重点考查考生写作能力中的校验能力和积极的写作能力，同时考查考生对语篇的把握能力。

考生应在词汇、语法和语篇三个方面着重把握这种题型。

综合近三年全国卷短文改错题可知，其设题的角度有三个：词法、句法和行文逻辑，从这三个角度考查学生在语篇中综合运用英语知识的准确性。

1.词法层面对动词的考查频率最高，主要考查单句话中并列谓语的时态一致或根据相应的时间状语判断时态。

形容词和副词的使用也是热点考点之一，主要涉及它们之间的相互转换。

冠词的用法是必考题之一；名词的用法基本为必考考点；介词和数词的考查相对较低。

2.句法层面的改错主要涉及主谓一致、复合句连词的使用以及特殊句式。

3.语篇层面的改错主要包括上、下文时态一致、代词指代一致、逻辑关系一致(连词的使用)。

策略一| 注意事项与答题原则1.注意事项(1)共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处；(2)只允许修改10处，多者从第11处起，不计分；(3)每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。

(4)错1个词、多1个词、少1个词的比例是8∶1∶1。

2.答题原则(1)“规范性”原则要严格按照示范规定的符号改错。

要记住错词纠正、缺词填补、多词删除对应的修改标志。

切忌用文字说明或用箭头表示。

(2)“四不改”原则①单词拼写不改；②大小写不改；③词序错误不改(应从错词或少词方面考虑)；④标点符号不改。

(3)“五改动”原则①忠实于原文原则(不可改变原文的意思)；②错误以改动最少为原则；③虚词以添加或者删除为原则；④实词以改变形式为原则。

策略二| 常见错误形式及应对技巧策略三| 3大解题微技能微技能一如何应对词法题从词法角度考查，主要涉及冠词、介词、名词的数和格、代词、形容词、副词、动词的时态和语态以及非谓语动词等。

1.冠词错误2.介词错误3.名词错误4.代词错误5.形容词和副词错误6.谓语动词错误7.非谓语动词错误微技能二如何应对句法题从句法角度考查，主要涉及主谓一致和复合句连词的用法等。

第二章短文改错高考短文改错题着重考查考生的语言基本功和正确使用英语进行表达的能力。

此题型不仅要求考生牢固掌握一定的词汇和语法知识，还要求考生具有一定的阅读理解和逻辑推理能力。

它是针对考生平时学习英语过程中，尤其是在写作中常犯的错误而设计的，考生在平时写作中常出现的错误是短文改错考查的重点。

近两年全国卷命题视角项目2016 2015Ⅰ卷Ⅱ卷Ⅲ卷Ⅰ卷Ⅱ卷考点分布名词 1 1 1 1 1动词 2 4 2 3 3形容词0 0 2 2 0副词 1 0 1 0 2代词 1 3 2 1 1连词 2 1 0 1 0介词 1 0 1 1 1冠词 1 1 1 1 1从句 1 0 0 0 1 类型错词8 8 8 8 8少词 1 1 1 1 1多词 1 1 1 1 1 [短文改错通常从词法、句法和行文逻辑三个角度设题，要求考生识别并纠正短文中的语言知识错误。

短文改错的错误类型有多词、缺词和错词三种，在文章的10个错误中，以错词设计为主导。

Passage 1(2016·全国Ⅰ卷)假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。

文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。

每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。

增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号(∧)，并在其下面写出该加的词。

删除：把多余的词用斜线(\)划掉。

修改：在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。

注意：1.每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；2．只允许修改10处，多者(从第11处起)不计分。

My uncle is the owner of a restaurant close to that I live.Though not very big ，but the restaurant is popular in our area.It is always crowded with customers at meal times.Some people even had to wait outside.My uncle tells me that the key to his success is honest.Every day he makes sure that fresh vegetables or high quality oil are using for cooking.My uncle says that he never dreams becoming rich in the short period of time.Instead ，he hopes that our business will grow steady.答案：My uncle is the owner of a restaurant close to thatwhere I live. Though not verybig,the restaurant is popular in our area. It is always crowded with customersat meal times. Some people even hadhave to wait outside. My uncle tells me that thekey to his success is honest honesty . Every day he makes sure that fresh vegetables orandhigh quality oil areusingusedfor cooking. My uncle says that he never dreams becoming rich in the a short period of time. Instead, he hopes that ourhisbusiness will grow steadysteadily.Passage 2(2016·全国Ⅱ卷)假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。

题组(一)Ⅰ.语法填空(2021·长春监测二)On the first day of her work, Sally found that a class full of problems was waiting for her. She was told six teachers __1__ (quit) before her. When she walked into the classroom, it was chaos: two boys were fighting in a corner, yet __2__ rest of the class seemed not to notice them; some girls were chatting and some were running about with paper, food packages and other garbage __3__ (leave) everywhere.Sally walked onto the platform, __4__ (pick) up a piece of chalk and wrote on the blackboard：“Rule 1：We are a family！” All students stopped __5__ (look) at her. And she continued with Rule 2, Rule 3... In the following weeks, Sally worked out 10 class rules and posted them __6__ the wall of the classroom. She patiently explained all the rules to the students and required everyone to follow them.__7__ (surprise), Sally was not driven out like the former teachers; __8__， she won respect from the students. Over the years, she has witnessed gradual changes in the class. At the graduation ceremony, just __9__ she expected, she was very proud to stand with a class of care, manners and __10__ (confident)．体裁：记叙文题材：文化训练主题：课堂规章【语篇导读】本文叙述了一名老师通过努力制定课堂规章，最终感化同学的故事。

高考英语二轮复习第一部分题型专题方略专题四语法填空和短文改错定语从句Ⅰ.单句语法填空1．(2021・高考北京卷改编)Opposite is St.Paul’s Church，____________ you can hear some lovely music.解析：句意：对面是圣保罗教堂，在教堂里你能听到一些优美的音乐。

这是一个定语从句。

先行词是St.Paul’s Church，从句主谓宾成分完整，去掉空后依然是完整的句子，可推断出引导词在从句中作的是地点状语。

故填where。

答案：where2．(2021・高考湖南卷改编)It is a truly delightful place，____________looks the same as it must have done 100 years ago with its winding streets and pretty cottages.解析：句意：这真是一个令人愉快的地方，它看起来一定跟100年前一样，有着蜿蜒的街道和美丽的村舍。

根据分析，此句是一个非限制性定语从句，先行词是place，在定语从句中是作主语的，所以用关系代词which引导。

答案：which3．(2021・高考江苏卷改编)The number of smokers，____________ is reported，has dropped by 17 percent in just one year.解析：句意：正如所报道的，烟民的数量仅仅在一年内就下降了17%。

as作为关系代词，引导非限制性定语从句，位置非常灵活，可位于主句前、主句后，也可位于主句中间。

意为“正如……”。

答案：as4．(2021・高考陕西卷改编)As the smallest child of his family，Alex is always longing for the time ____________ he should be able to be independent.解析：句意：作为家里最小的孩子，亚历克斯总是渴望他能独立的时候。

第二讲短文改错[全国卷3年考情分析][命题者说]短文改错主要考查语法根底知识，语篇通常取材于考生自己的习作或类似于考生的随笔，且话题常见，篇章结构的难易程度符合高中生的认知水平，即通俗易懂，根本上无生僻的语言障碍和怪、偏、难的语法结构。

短文词数通常与书面表达一样，也是100词左右。

Ⅰ短文改错命题原如此表——高考就考这些点着眼点具体思考点词法动词时态、语态、非谓语动词、情态动词与虚拟语气名词可数不可数、单数还是复数、是否需用所有格代词主格与宾格、人称与物主、人称与反身、各种不定代词形容词、副词原级、比拟级、最高级冠词不定冠词、定冠词还是零冠词介词根本用法、固定搭配词性误用形容词与副词、形容词与名词、名词与动词句法连词(并列连词和从句引导词)、主谓一致、there be句型与特殊句式行文逻辑时态一致、指代一致、逻辑一致短文改错10处错误中，设错方式是有规律的，一般情况下，多、缺词2～3个，错词7～8个，做完题后，可按此规律进展查验。

见下表：类型总数(10) 具体思考点多、缺词2～3 be的各种形式、介词、冠词、不定式符号、三大从句引导词、代词、副词、固定搭配中的虚词错词7～8 连词、三大从句引导词、动词、名词、代词、形容词、副词等A(2017·全国卷Ⅰ)In the summer holiday following my eighteen birthday, I took driving lessons. I still remember how hard first day was. Before getting into the car, I thought I had learned the instructor ’s orders, so once I started the car, my mind goes blank. I forgot what he had said to me altogether. The instructor kept repeating the word, “Speed up ！〞 “Slow down！〞 “Turning left！〞 I was so much nervous that I could hardly tell which direction was left. A few minutes late, the instructor asked me to stop the car. It was a relief and I came to a suddenly stop just in the middle on the road.答案：In the summer holiday following my eighteen eighteenthbirthday, I took driving lessons. I still remember how hard ∧the/myfirst day was. Before getting into the car, I thought I had learned the instructor’s orders, so but/yet once I started the car, my mind goes went blank. I forgot what he had said to me altogether. The instructor kept repeating the word words， “Speed up ！〞 “Slow down ！〞 “Turning Turnleft ！〞 I was so much ＼ nervous that I could hardly tell which direction was left. A few minutes late later， the instructor asked me to stop the car. It was a relief and I came to a suddenly sudden stop just in the middle on ofthe road. B(2017·全国卷Ⅱ)Mr. and Mrs.Zhang all wor k in our school.They live far from the school, and it takes them about a hour and a half to go to work every day. In their spare time, they are interesting in planting vegetables in their garden, that is on the rooftop of their house. They often get up earlier and water the vegetables together. They have also bought for some gardening tools. Beside, they often get some useful informations from the Internet.When summer came, they will invite their students pick the fresh vegetables! 答案：Mr. and Mrs.Zhang /all both all ＼ work in our school.They live far from the school, andit takes them about a an/onehour and a half to go to work every day. In their spare time, they are interesting interested in planting vegetables in their garden, that whichis on the rooftop of their house. They often get up earlier earlyand water the vegetables together. They have also bought for some gardening tools. Beside Besides ， they often get some useful informations informationfrom the Internet. When summercame comes， they will invite their students ∧ to pick the fresh vegetables!C(2017·全国卷Ⅲ)When I loo k at this picture of myself, I realize of how fast time flies. I had grown not only physically, and also mentally in the past few years. About one month after this photo was took, I entered my second year of high school and become a new member of the school music club.Around me in picture are the things they were very important in my life at that time: car magazines and musical instruments.I enjoyed studying difference kinds of cars and planes ，playing pop music ，and collecting the late music albums.This picture often brings back to me many happy memories of your high school days.答案：When I look at this picture of myself, I realize of ＼ how fast time flies. I had havegrown not only physically, and butalso mentally in the past few years. About one month after this photo was took taken ， I entered my second year of high school and become becamea new member of the school music club.Around me in ∧this/the picture are the things they that/which were very important in my life at that time ：car magazines and musical instruments.I enjoyed studyingdifference different kinds of cars and planes ，playing pop music ，and collecting the late latestmusic albums.This picture often brings back to me many happy memories of your myhigh school days.名词单复数的误用1．此类题的错误设置一般包括以下三个方面：(1)可数名词单复数的错用：一般考查错把复数用作单数，有时也考查错把单数用作复数。