虚拟语气复习学案

高一0102班The Subjunctive Mood一、语气及其种类1.语气（mood）语气是一种动词形式，表示讲话人对某一行为或事情的看法和态度。

可分为下列三种：1）陈述语气（indicative mood）表示讲话人认为他所说的话是一个事实。

There are two sides to every question．2）祈使语气（imperative mood）表示讲话人对对方的请求或命令。

Don't be late for class．3）虚拟语气（subjunctive mood）是一种特殊的谓语动词形式，表示说的话不是事实，或者是不可能发生的情况，而是一种愿望、建议或与事实相反的假设等。

二、虚拟语气的应用※虚拟语气在条件句中的应用1.与现在事实相反，谓语动词的主要形式如下：If I had a map I would lend it to you．If I knew her number I could ring her up．总结结构：______________________________________2.表示与过去事实相反，谓语动词的主要形式如下：If you had come earlier, you would(might) have caught the train.If he had taken my advice he would have been a rich man ．总结结构：______________________________________3.表示与将来事实相反，谓语动词的主要形式如下：If he came tomorrow, we could ask him.If it should rain, the crops would be saved.If it were to snow tomorrow, they would not go out.总结结构：______________________________________注意：1.Were I twenty now, I would join the army.Had we made a great effort, we might have succeeded.Should Mr. White call, what would you say?Were it not for your help，he could never go to college构成倒装的几种结构总结：______________________________________2.其他情况下的虚拟If it had not been for your help，he could never have gone to college．Without electricity human life would be quite different today.The ship would have sunk with all on board but for the efforts of the captain.I thought you would remain there for a while after the conference. Otherwise I wouldn’t have bought you a single ticket.He telephoned to inform me of your birthday, or (else) I would have known nothing about it.He would have given you more help, but he was so busy at that time.3.如果从句与主句的动作不是同时发生的，其谓语动词的形式分别据各自表示的时间加以调整。

虚拟语⽓（学案）虚拟语⽓学案虚拟语⽓是通过特殊的谓语动词形式来表达的愿望、假设、怀疑、猜测或建议等语⽓，它不表⽰客观存在。

⼀、虚拟语⽓在单句中的⽤法常⽤来表⽰祝愿、采⽤固定的倒装句式。

例如：Long live the People s Republic of China!中华⼈民共和国万岁！God bless you. 上帝保佑你。

be happy! 快乐！have a good time! 玩得愉快！ succeed! 成功！make progress! 进步！⼆、虚拟语⽓在复合句中的⽤法：1．在⾮真实性条件句与主句中的⽤法(1). If I ______(be) you, I___________( study) hard.(2)..If the doctor ____________(come) last night, the boy ______________(save)(3). If I ________________( not study) hard, I would have failed in the exam lastterm.(4). If you___________(miss ) the film tonight, you _____________(feel) sorry. 2．条件从句中省去if 的情况在if 引导的表⽰虚拟的条件状语从句中，常可以省略if ，将had, were 或should 提⾄句⾸。

如：(1) If I had seen the film, I would have discussed it with them last night._______ ______ ______ the film, I would have discussed it with them last ninght.(2) If I were I a bird, I could fly freely.________ ________ a bird, I could fly freely.(3) If It should rain next week, the farmers would have a good harvest.________ ________ _______next week, the farmers would have a good harvest.三、动词wish 后宾语从句中的虚拟语⽓May you 祝你(1). I wish they _________(be) at home this time. (2). I wish I _________(have) a beautiful car..(3). I wish I________________( not hurt )him so much 。

学过程一、复习预习1.在上课前，帮助学生复习上节课所学内容：被动语态2. 上节课课后作业检查和订正(1) 订正习题答案(2) 讨论错题并总结错误原因二、知识讲解知识点1：虚拟语气及虚拟条件句的定义【考查点1】虚拟语气的定义虚拟语气表示说的话不是事实，或者是不可能发生的情况，而是一种愿望、建议或与事实相反的假设等。

例：If I were you, I would not leave him alone.如果我是你，我不会丢下他一个人。

(我不可能是你)I could easily recognize him if I had seen him before.如果我之前见过他，我就能很容易地认出他。

（我之前并没有见过他）【考查点2】虚拟条件句的定义条件句有真实条件句与非真实条件句两种。

真实条件句所表的假设是可能发生或实现的，句中的条件从句与结果主句都用陈述语气。

非真实条件句所表的假设则是不可能或不大可能发生或实现的，句中的条件从句与结果主句皆须用虚拟语气，所以也叫虚拟条件句。

例：If it doesn’t rain tomorrow, I will go for a picnic. 如果明天不下雨我就去野餐（真实条件句）If I had had enough time, I would have written to my parents yesterday.（虚拟条件句）如果我有足够的时间，我昨天就给父母写信了。

（事实是：我没有足够的时间，所以我昨天不能给父母写信了。

）知识点2：if虚拟条件句【考查点1】与现在、过去及将来事实相反的if虚拟条件句的句型结构例：If it were not raining, we should go for a picnic.如果现在不下雨的话，我们就出去野餐了。

（事实是：天在下雨，我们不能出去野餐。

表示愿望。

）if she had been invited，She would have gone to the party要是当初她被邀请的话，她就会去参加这次聚会了。

学过程一、复习预习1.在上课前，帮助学生复习上节课所学内容：虚拟条件句2. 上节课课后作业检查和订正3. 讨论错题并总结错误原因二、知识讲解知识点1：虚拟语气用于名词性从句【考查点1】宾语从句1) 表示对现在情况的虚拟：从句用did，be动词用were。

例：I wish I knew his address. (= I am sorry I don’t know his address.)I wish it were summer now.2) 表示对过去情况的虚拟: 从句用had done。

例: I wished I hadn’t spent so much money.= (I was sorry I had spent so much money.)They wish they had not lost the chance.3) 表示对将来的主观愿望: 从句用would/could +动词原形。

例：I wish it would stop raining.I wish she could come tomorrow.(she can’t come tomorrow.)用于含有要求等动词的从句【考查点2】主语从句1.在It’s important／surprising/strange／necessary＋that 从句中，从句谓语动词用（should）do。

例：It is strange that he should have acted toward his parents like that.2. 表示, 建议,命令等的动词, 从句的谓语为(should )do/ be例：It is suggested that the meeting should be put off till next week.【考查点3】表语从句主语为表示, 建议,命令等的名词, 从句的谓语为(should )do/ be名词:advice, demand, order, requirement, suggestion等。

虚拟语气归纳复习一、虚拟语气在条件状语从句中(一) 虚拟条件句中的三种时态：1. 与现在事实相反：If + S +did / were , S + would /should / could / might+ do2. 与过去事实相反：If + S + had done , S + would / should / could / might + have done3. 与将来事实可能相反：If + S + did / were/ should do /were to do, S + would /should / could / might+ do1)If I _________________(be) tired, I _______________________(take) a rest.2)If I had known his address, I______________________________________(write) a letter to him.3)I you __________________(come) yesterday, you __________________________(meet) him.4)If I _____________________________(be) free tomorrow, I__________________( go) to the library.5)If the sun _____________________(stop) shining, only one smile from you____________________(make) theworld bright.6)I ___________________________(appreciate) it if you ______________(can) reply to me as soon as possible atyour convenience.7)Even if he ______________(be) here, he _______________________________(solve) the problem / issue.8)If he _________________________(drive) more carefully, he ___________________________(avoid) the caraccident yesterday.9)What ____________________________ (happen) if we _______________________________ (not work) hard?10)If the traffic ___________________(be ) so heavy, I could have been back by 6 o’clock.(二) 虚拟条件句中的混合时态:有时条件从句和主句的时态不一致，但必须有明确的时间状语表明不同的时间。

高三英语虚拟语气复习教学案高三英语备课组张静凯【教学目标】1. 准确把握虚拟语气在非真实条件句、名词性从句及其它从句的用法。

【教学重点难点】1. 掌握虚拟条件句中的特殊用法2. 虚拟语气在名词性从句中的用法(一) 虚拟条件句的语气基本结构：1. If I ________ (have) time, I _________ attend the meeting.2. If I _______(be) young like you, I _______ seize the opportunity to study abroad.3. If you __________(ring) me yesterday, I ______________(will tell) you what we were going to do yesterday evening.4. If you ____(come) a few minutes earlier, you _______(will meet) the famous singer.5. If he __________(come ) tomorrow, I ___________ talk to him about the thing.(二) if 省略句含有虚拟语气的条件状语从句中，如果有were, had, should三个词, 可以省略连词if，再将were, had, should提前,形成倒装句。

例如：① If I were you, I would go with them.=________________, I would go with them.②If they had had time , they would have certainly come and helped me=_______________________, they would certainly come and helped me③If it should be fine ,we could go for an outing .=_________________________, we could go for an outing.3.We got in my father’s car and headed straight home and , I surely would have been stuck in the station for several days.（2014届苏州调研测试卷）A.had I notB. did I notC. if I didn’tD. if I had（三）错综时间条件句当条件状语从句表示的行为与主句所发生的时间不一致时，被称为“错综时间条件句”。

虚拟语气导学案（一）（06.08）一、条件从句有两类，一是真实条件句，另一是虚拟条件句。

1.如果假设的情况可能发生，是____________，这种情况下谓语用陈述语气。

如：If time permits, we’ll go fishing together.翻译：______________________________________________________。

2.如果假设情况是不存在或不大可能发生的，则是____________。

如：If you had come yesterday, you would have met that famous professor.如果你昨天来，你就会见到那位著名的教授了。

（隐含的事实是：你昨天没来，也没见到那位著名教授）。

二、虚拟语气的基本形式和用法在含有虚拟条件句的复合句中，主从句的谓语都要用虚拟语气，现将其主句与从句中谓语动词的形式列表如下：练习：1、I would ask George to lend us the money if I ___________ him.A. had knownB. have knownC. knewD. know2、If Bob___________ with us, he would have had a good time.A. would comeB. would have comeC. had comeD. came3、__________, I should ask them some questions.A. If they should come to usB. If they come to usC. If they were come to usD. If they had come to us4、__________ you were busy, I wouldn't have bothered you with my questions.A. If I realizedB. If I had realizedC. Did I have realized thatD. As I realized三、虚拟语气的其他用法1、wish在宾语从句中的用法：动词_______或_______——与现在事实相反主语 + wish (that) + 主语 + 动词____________式——与过去事实相反助动词过去式+_________——与将来事实相反I wish I were a pop singer. (=I am sorry I am not a pop singer.)I wish I had never stopped teaching. (=I am sorry I stopped teaching.)I wish they would let us get some sleep.注意：1.that 在宾语从句中常常____________；2.虚拟语气的从句中，动词“be”的过去时态一律用“____________”；3.wish & hope接宾语从句的区别：（1）hope表示一般_______(可以/不大可能)实现的希望，从句用陈述语气。

2023高考英语一轮复习之虚拟语气一、什么是虚拟语气？如果明天下雨的话，我就去接你。

If it rains tomorrow, I will pick you up.如果我是你的话，我就去接你If I were you , I would pick you up.二、虚拟语气怎样表达？时间从句谓语形式主句谓语形式将来动词过去式（be用were）should+动词原形were to +动词原形would/should/might/could +动词原形现在动词过去式（be用were）would/should/might/could+动词原形过去had+动词过去分词would/should/might/couldhave+动词原形对现在虚拟：If I were you, I would beat him.对过去虚拟：If I had been there yesterday，I would have prevented you from doing that.He was not a student , so he couldn’t attend the lecture.He didn’t tell her the answer .She didn’t understand it.You were late , so you didn’t hear what he told us.对将来虚拟：If there were a heavy snow tomorrow , I would marry you.三、虚拟语气的判断依据如果我是个女孩子，我就会嫁给他If I were a girl，I would marry him.If I am a girl , I will marry him.四、虚拟语气的杂交如果你去年好好学英语的话，那你明天考试就不会紧张了。

If you had learnt English harder，you wouldn't worry tomorrow during the test.五、虚拟语气的倒装If I were you ，I would beat him。