Unit 1~2 Mercantilism重商主义
Trade surplus 贸易顺差
Quota and tariff配额和关税
Zero-sum game零和博弈
Positive-sum game常和博弈
The theory of absolute advantage绝对优势理论The theory of comparative advantage 比较优势理论Factor endowments要素禀赋理论
Product life cycle 产品生命周期
Economies of scale 规模经济
First mover advantage先占优势
Barrier to entry进入(市场)壁垒
Porter’s diamond theory波特的钻石理论
National competitive advantage国家竞争优势
The department of commerce 商务部
Letter of credit信用证
Draft /bill of exchange 汇票
bill of lading B/L 提单
Sight draft即期汇票
Time draft 远期汇票
Banker ‘s acceptance 银行承兑
Trade acceptance商业承兑汇票
Countertrade 对等贸易
Barter 易货贸易
Switch trading 转手贸易
Offset 抵消
Counter purchase 互购贸易
Compensation trade 补偿贸易
1.波特钻石理论的主要内容
①Factor endowments ②Firm strategy, structure, and rivalry
③ Demand conditions ④Relating and supporting industries
2.对等贸易的主要类型和优缺点
①Types of countertrade
Countertrade has evolved into a diverse set of activities that can be categorized as five distinct types of trading arrangements: barter, counter purchase, offset, switch trading, and compensation or buyback
②The pros and cons of countertrade
优：
① The main attraction of countertrade is that it can give a firm a way to finance an export deal when other means are not available.
② Thus if a firm is unwilling to enter into a countertrade agreement, it may lose an export opportunity to a competitor that is willing to make a countertrade agreement.
缺：
① Countertrade contracts may involve the exchange of unusable or poor-quality goods that the firm cannot dispose of profitably
② In addition, even if the goods it receives are of high quality, the firm still needs to dispose of them profitably.
Unit 3
Strategic alliance 战略联盟
Licensing 许可证
Joint venture 合资经营
Contracting 承包经营
Partnership 合资人
Return on investment 投资回报率
Franchising 特许经营
Contract manufacturing 生产承包
Management contracting 管理承包
1.许可贸易的优缺点
优：
①The basic advantage in licensing as contrasted to other approaches is the
ease and low cost of entering a foreign market.
②Licensing is also advantageous in that it can be used to test a foreign
market without the risk of capital loss should the market not be receptive to the manufacturer’s product.
缺：
①The greatest disadvantages to the licensor are that a potential competitor
is set up.
②There is a lack of control over production and marketing.
③There may be incomplete market exploration.
