双语励志美文:被动吸烟造成的恶果
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关于吸烟的影响的英语作文The Impact of Smoking。
Smoking is a bad habit that has a negative impact on both the smoker and those around them. The dangers of smoking are well-known and have been extensively documented. Despite this, many people continue to smoke, either because they are addicted or because they do not fully understand the risks.The most obvious impact of smoking is on the smoker themselves. Smoking is a leading cause of lung cancer, andit can also lead to a host of other health problems, including heart disease, stroke, and respiratory disease. Smoking can also damage the skin, teeth, and gums, and it can lead to premature aging. Smokers are also at a higher risk of developing a number of other health problems, including diabetes, osteoporosis, and Alzheimer's disease.Smoking also has a negative impact on those around thesmoker. Secondhand smoke is a major health hazard, and it can lead to a number of health problems, including lung cancer, respiratory disease, and heart disease. Childrenwho are exposed to secondhand smoke are at a higher risk of developing asthma, ear infections, and other health problems. Pregnant women who smoke or are exposed to secondhand smoke are also at a higher risk of complications, including premature birth, low birth weight, and stillbirth.In addition to the health risks, smoking also has a number of other negative impacts. Smoking is expensive, and it can be a financial burden for many people. Smoking can also lead to social isolation, as many people are put offby the smell of smoke and the health risks associated with it. Smoking can also damage relationships, as non-smokers may feel uncomfortable around smokers and may be unwillingto spend time with them.In conclusion, smoking is a bad habit that has a negative impact on both the smoker and those around them. The health risks associated with smoking are well-known,and smokers are at a higher risk of developing a number ofserious health problems. Secondhand smoke is also a major health hazard, and it can lead to a number of health problems for those who are exposed to it. Smoking is also expensive and can lead to social isolation and damaged relationships. It is important for smokers to quit smoking and for non-smokers to avoid exposure to secondhand smoke.。
吸烟的坏处英语作文Smoking is a really bad habit that has numerous negative impacts on people's health and well-being. First off, it's just plain harmful to your body. Smoking can cause all sorts of diseases, like lung cancer and heart disease. It can also mess up your respiratory system, making it harder to breathe and increasing your risk of getting infections.Not only is smoking bad for your physical health, but it can also have a negative impact on your mental health. Smoking can lead to stress and anxiety, and it can make it harder to focus and concentrate. Plus, the nicotine in cigarettes is a powerful stimulant that can lead to addiction, making it hard to quit once you start.And let's not forget about the social impacts of smoking. Smoking can stink up your clothes and breath, making it unpleasant for others to be around you. It can also be a turn-off for potential partners or friends, whomight not want to be around someone who smokes. Plus, smoking can be an expensive habit, costing you a lot of。
香烟危害的英文作文Smoking is a bad habit that many people have. It can cause a lot of harm to the body, such as lung cancer, heart disease, and respiratory problems. It also affects the people around you, especially if they are non-smokers. The secondhand smoke can be just as harmful as smoking itself.The chemicals in cigarettes are extremely harmful. They can damage your lungs, throat, and mouth. They can also cause bad breath and yellow teeth. Not to mention the fact that cigarettes are addictive, making it hard for people to quit once they start.Smoking can also have a negative impact on your appearance. It can cause premature aging, wrinkles, anddull skin. It can also lead to hair loss and stained fingernails. These effects can make a person look much older than they actually are.Aside from the physical effects, smoking can also havea big impact on your wallet. Cigarettes are expensive, and the cost can add up quickly. Not to mention the cost of potential medical treatments for smoking-related illnesses.In conclusion, smoking is a dangerous habit that can have a negative impact on your health, appearance, and finances. It's important to think about the consequences and consider quitting for a healthier and happier life.。
青年吸烟的影响英语作文Smoking Among Young People。
Smoking is a harmful habit that affects millions of people around the world. Unfortunately, young people are often the most vulnerable to this addiction. In this essay, we will explore the impact of smoking on young people and what can be done to prevent it.Firstly, smoking can have serious health consequences for young people. Nicotine, the addictive substance found in cigarettes, can damage the developing brains of teenagers. This can lead to decreased cognitive function, poor memory, and impaired learning ability. Additionally, smoking can cause respiratory problems, such as asthma and bronchitis, and increase the risk of developing lung cancer later in life.Secondly, smoking can also have social and economic consequences for young people. Smoking is an expensivehabit, and young people who smoke may struggle to afford other necessities. Furthermore, smoking can lead to social isolation, as non-smoking peers may avoid spending time with smokers due to the unpleasant smell and health risks associated with second-hand smoke.So, what can be done to prevent young people from smoking? One approach is to increase awareness of the health risks associated with smoking. Schools and community organizations can provide education on the dangers of smoking and offer support for those who want to quit. Additionally, governments can implement policies to make cigarettes less accessible to young people, such as increasing taxes on tobacco products and limiting advertising.In conclusion, smoking is a harmful habit that can have serious health, social, and economic consequences for young people. By increasing awareness of the risks and implementing policies to prevent smoking, we can work towards a healthier future for young people.。
禁烟危害英文作文英文:Smoking is a harmful habit that can cause many health problems. As someone who used to smoke, I know firsthand the negative effects it can have on your body and well-being.Firstly, smoking can lead to lung cancer and other respiratory diseases. The chemicals in cigarettes can damage the lining of your lungs and cause inflammation, making it difficult to breathe. Additionally, smoking can increase your risk of heart disease and stroke, as it can lead to the buildup of plaque in your arteries.Furthermore, smoking can have negative effects on your appearance. It can cause premature aging, yellowing of teeth, and bad breath. Not to mention, smoking can also harm those around you through secondhand smoke.Overall, smoking is a dangerous and unhealthy habitthat should be avoided. Quitting smoking can be difficult, but there are many resources available to help. It's important to prioritize your health and the health of those around you.中文:吸烟是一种有害的习惯,会导致许多健康问题。
吸烟危害英语作文Smoking is a harmful habit that has been around for centuries. It is a leading cause of various health problems and diseases. Despite the numerous warnings about its dangers, people still continue to smoke. In this essay, I will discuss the hazards of smoking and why it is important to quit.First and foremost, smoking is a major cause of lung cancer. According to the World Health Organization, smoking is responsible for 80% of all lung cancer deaths worldwide. It is also linked to other types of cancer such as throat, mouth, and bladder cancer. In addition, smoking can cause respiratory diseases such as chronic bronchitis and emphysema. These diseases can make it difficult to breathe and lead to long-term disability.Secondly, smoking can damage the cardiovascular system. It can increase the risk of heart attacks, strokes, and high blood pressure. Nicotine, the addictive substancefound in cigarettes, can also cause the blood vessels to narrow, reducing blood flow to the heart and other organs. This can lead to serious health problems such as heart disease and stroke.Thirdly, smoking can harm the reproductive system. It can reduce fertility in both men and women and increase the risk of miscarriage and premature birth. It can also cause erectile dysfunction in men and affect the quality of sperm. In women, smoking can lead to early menopause and increase the risk of cervical cancer.Furthermore, smoking can have a negative impact on mental health. It can increase anxiety and depression and affect the ability to concentrate. It can also lead to addiction and withdrawal symptoms when trying to quit.In conclusion, smoking is a dangerous habit that can cause serious health problems and diseases. It is important to quit smoking to reduce the risk of developing thesehealth issues. There are many resources available to help people quit smoking, such as nicotine replacement therapyand support groups. It is never too late to quit and improve your health.。
抽烟有害健康英语作文Smoking is a harmful habit that can have serious consequences on a person's health. It is a leading cause of preventable deaths worldwide, with over 7 million people dying each year from smoking-related illnesses. Despite this, many people continue to smoke, either because theyare addicted to nicotine or because they believe that smoking is a way to relieve stress or anxiety.There are many reasons why smoking is harmful to health. Firstly, smoking can damage the lungs and cause respiratory problems such as chronic bronchitis and emphysema. These conditions can make it difficult to breathe and can lead to a decreased quality of life. Secondly, smoking can increase the risk of developing cancer, particularly lung cancer. This is because the chemicals in cigarettes can damage the DNA in cells, leading to mutations that can cause cancer. Thirdly, smoking can also increase the risk of heartdisease and stroke, as it can damage the blood vessels and cause them to narrow and harden.In addition to the health risks, smoking can also have social and economic consequences. Smokers may find it difficult to find employment or may have to pay higher health insurance premiums. They may also facediscrimination from non-smokers who do not want to be exposed to second-hand smoke.Despite these risks, many people continue to smoke. This may be because they are addicted to nicotine, which is a highly addictive substance found in cigarettes. Nicotine can cause physical and psychological dependence, making it difficult for people to quit smoking even if they want to. Additionally, some people may believe that smoking is a way to relieve stress or anxiety, although this is not true. In fact, smoking can actually increase feelings of anxiety and stress in the long term.In conclusion, smoking is a harmful habit that can have serious consequences on a person's health. It is important for people to understand the risks associated with smoking and to take steps to quit smoking if they are currentlysmokers. This may involve seeking professional help, using nicotine replacement therapy, or making lifestyle changes such as exercising more or avoiding situations where smoking is common. By quitting smoking, people can improve their health, reduce their risk of developing serious illnesses, and lead a happier and healthier life.。
都是香烟惹的祸英语作文Smoking has become a serious global health concern, accounting for millions of preventable deaths each year. Despite widespread awareness of its harmful effects, countless individuals continue to fall prey to the allure of cigarettes, often with devastating consequences. The negative impacts of smoking extend far beyond the individual, affecting families, communities, and society as a whole.Health Risks:Smoking is a leading cause of various chronic diseases, including lung cancer, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), heart disease, stroke, and peripheral vascular disease. The toxins present in cigarettes damage the lungs, airways, and blood vessels, leading to severe respiratory and cardiovascular complications. Exposure to secondhand smoke also poses significant health risks, especially for children and pregnant women.Economic Burden:The economic burden of smoking is substantial. Healthcare costs associated with smoking-related illnesses impose a significant strain on individuals, families, and healthcare systems. Lost productivity due to absenteeism and premature death also contributes to economic losses. Additionally, smoking-related fires and other accidents can result in property damage and financial hardship.Environmental Impact:Cigarette butts are among the most common forms oflitter worldwide. They are made of non-biodegradable materials that can take decades to decompose. Improper disposal of cigarette butts pollutes the environment, harming wildlife and ecosystems. The manufacturing and distribution of cigarettes also contribute to greenhouse gas emissions and deforestation.Social Consequences:Smoking has a negative impact on social relationships and well-being. It can lead to social isolation, as non-smokers may avoid spending time with smokers due to the unpleasant odor and health concerns. Additionally, smoking can strain relationships within families and between friends, as it often becomes a source of conflict and tension.Cognitive and Mental Health:While nicotine is initially perceived as a stimulant, prolonged use can lead to cognitive impairment and mental health problems. Smoking has been linked to decreased concentration, impaired memory, and reduced academic performance. It can also increase the risk of depression, anxiety, and other mental health disorders.Impact on Children and Youth:Children and youth are particularly vulnerable to the harmful effects of smoking. Exposure to secondhand smokeduring pregnancy can lead to low birth weight, premature birth, and developmental problems. Children who grow up in smoking households are more likely to develop respiratory problems, such as asthma and bronchitis. Smoking during adolescence increases the risk of nicotine addiction and future tobacco-related health problems.Prevention and Cessation:Preventing smoking initiation and promoting smoking cessation are crucial for reducing the health, economic, and social burden of tobacco use. Effective prevention strategies include comprehensive tobacco control policies, public health campaigns, and school-based education programs. Smoking cessation interventions, such as counseling, medication, and support groups, can help individuals quit successfully.Conclusion:Smoking is a significant public health threat with far-reaching consequences for individuals, families,communities, and society as a whole. Its negative impacts extend beyond health to include economic, environmental, social, and cognitive effects. Preventing smokinginitiation and promoting cessation are essential to improve public health, reduce healthcare costs, protect the environment, and foster a healthier and more productive society. By working together, we can create a smoke-free future where all can breathe easy and live healthier, more fulfilling lives.。
抽烟的影响英语作文英文回答:Smoking is a harmful habit that can have a devastating impact on both the smoker and those around them. The negative consequences of smoking are well-documented and range from health problems to social and economic issues.Health Consequences of Smoking.Smoking is linked to a wide range of health problems, including:Lung cancer.Heart disease.Stroke.Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)。
Emphysema.Bronchitis.Smoking also increases the risk of premature death, with smokers dying an average of 10 years earlier than non-smokers.Social and Economic Consequences of Smoking.In addition to the health consequences, smoking also has negative social and economic impacts. For example, smoking can lead to:Reduced workplace productivity.Increased healthcare costs.Social isolation.Smoking can also have a negative impact on theenvironment, as it contributes to air pollution and deforestation.Why Do People Smoke?Despite the known risks, many people continue to smoke. There are a number of reasons why people smoke, including:Addiction: Nicotine is a highly addictive substance, and smokers can quickly become addicted.Stress relief: Some people smoke to relieve stress.Socialization: Smoking can be a social activity, and smokers often enjoy spending time with other smokers.Quitting Smoking.Quitting smoking is one of the best things a person can do for their health. However, quitting can be difficult, as nicotine addiction can be powerful. There are a number of resources available to help people quit smoking, including:Counseling.Medication.Support groups.Conclusion.Smoking is a harmful habit that can have a devastating impact on both the smoker and those around them. There are a number of negative consequences associated with smoking, including health problems, social isolation, and economic hardship. Quitting smoking is difficult, but it is one of the best things a person can do for their health.中文回答:吸烟的影响。
抽烟对人体的危害英语作文Smoking and Its Harmful Effects on Human Health。
Smoking is a widespread habit that poses severe risks to human health. The harmful effects of smoking on the body are well-documented and supported by scientific evidence. In this article, we will explore the various ways in which smoking negatively impacts our health and why it is crucial to quit this dangerous habit.Firstly, smoking is a leading cause of numerous respiratory diseases. The inhalation of tobacco smoke damages the delicate tissues and structures in the lungs, leading to conditions such as chronic bronchitis and emphysema. These diseases significantly reduce lung function, making it difficult for individuals to breathe properly. Moreover, smoking increases the risk of developing lung cancer, which is one of the deadliest forms of cancer worldwide. The toxic chemicals present in cigarettes, such as tar and carbon monoxide, contribute to the development of cancerous cells in the lungs.Furthermore, smoking has detrimental effects on the cardiovascular system. The chemicals in tobacco smoke cause the blood vessels to constrict, leading to an increase in blood pressure. This heightened blood pressure puts a strain on the heart, increasing the risk of heart attacks and strokes. Additionally, smoking damages the inner lining of the blood vessels, promoting the formation of fatty plaques. These plaques can block the arteries, leading to conditions like coronary artery disease and peripheral artery disease.Apart from respiratory and cardiovascular issues, smoking also negatively impacts other organs in the body. It is a well-known fact that smoking is a major cause of oral health problems. The chemicals in cigarettes can lead to gum disease, tooth decay, and bad breath. Moreover, smoking is closely linked to an increased risk of developing various types of cancers, including oral, throat, and esophageal cancer. The harmful effects of smoking are not limited to the smoker alone but also extend to those exposed to secondhand smoke. Secondhand smoke contains many of the same toxic chemicals as directly inhaled smoke, putting non-smokers at risk of developing similar health problems.In addition to the physical health risks, smoking also has a profound impact on mental health. Studies have shown that smokers are more likely to experience symptoms of anxiety and depression compared to non-smokers. The addictive nature of nicotine, the primary substance in cigarettes, contributes to these mental health issues. Smokers often rely on smoking as a coping mechanism, leading to a cycle of dependency and worsening mental health.It is crucial to emphasize the importance of quitting smoking to mitigate these harmful effects. Quitting smoking can greatly improve lung function, reduce the risk of developing respiratory diseases, and decrease the chances of developing life-threatening conditions such as lung cancer and heart disease. Additionally, quitting smoking can have positive effects on oral health, mental well-being, and overall quality of life.Various resources and support systems are available to help individuals quit smoking. Nicotine replacement therapy, counseling, and support groups have proven to be effective in assisting smokers in their journey towards a smoke-free life. It is essential to seek professional help and surround oneself with a supportive network to increase the chances of successfully quitting smoking.In conclusion, smoking poses significant risks to human health. From respiratory diseases to cardiovascular issues, oral health problems to mental health issues, the harmful effects of smoking are extensive and well-documented. Quitting smoking is crucial for improving overall health and reducing the risk of developing life-threatening conditions. It is never too late to quit smoking and embark on a healthier, smoke-free lifestyle.。
吸烟的危害英语作文100Smoking is a harmful habit that has negative impacts on both physical and mental health. First off, let's talk about the physical effects. Smoking can lead to serious respiratory issues like lung cancer and emphysema. It also increases the risk of heart disease and stroke. The chemicals in cigarettes damage the lining of the blood vessels, making it easier for blood clots to form.On the mental side, smoking can contribute to stress and anxiety. People often turn to smoking as a way to cope with stress, but in reality, it only adds to the problem. Smoking can make it harder to relax and focus, leading to a vicious cycle of stress and smoking.Not only does smoking harm the individual, but it also has negative effects on the people around them. Secondhand smoke is a serious health risk for non-smokers, especially children and pregnant women. Smokers also tend to have a negative influence on their social circles, as their habitcan be a barrier to making and maintaining friendships.Quitting smoking is never easy, but it's always worth it. The benefits of kicking the habit are immediate and long-lasting. Your lungs will start to heal, your risk of disease will decrease, and you'll feel more energetic and alert. Plus, you'll be setting a positive example for your loved ones and helping to create a healthier environment for everyone。
吸烟危害的英语作文Smoking is a harmful habit that many people struggle to overcome. It not only affects the smoker's health but also poses a risk to the people around them.First off, let's talk about the direct health impacts of smoking. It can lead to serious respiratory problemslike lung cancer and emphysema. The smoke from cigarettes contains harmful chemicals that damage the lungs and makeit difficult to breathe. Over time, this can lead to a decreased quality of life and even premature death.But the harm doesn't stop there. Smoking also has indirect effects on others. Secondhand smoke is a serious health hazard for non-smokers, especially children and pregnant women. It can cause respiratory problems and increase the risk of heart disease.Not only is smoking bad for your health, it can also be a financial burden. The cost of cigarettes adds up quickly,and it's money that could be better spent on other things like healthcare or saving for the future.Plus, smoking can have a negative impact on your social life. It can make it difficult to participate in。
吸烟坏处英语作文Smoking is a harmful habit that has been around for centuries. It is a leading cause of preventable deaths worldwide. Despite the numerous health warnings and campaigns against smoking, many people continue to smoke. This essay will explore the harmful effects of smoking and why it is important to quit.Firstly, smoking causes various health problems. Smoking is a leading cause of lung cancer, which is responsible for more than 80% of all smoking-related deaths. It also causes other types of cancer, such as throat, bladder, and pancreatic cancer. Smoking also damages the respiratory system, leading to chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), emphysema, and bronchitis. Moreover, smoking increases the risk of heart disease, stroke, and other cardiovascular diseases.Secondly, smoking affects not only the smoker but also those around them. Secondhand smoke is a mixture of thesmoke exhaled by the smoker and the smoke from the burning tobacco. It contains more than 7,000 chemicals, many of which are toxic and can cause cancer. Secondhand smoke can lead to various health problems, such as asthma,respiratory infections, and sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS).Thirdly, smoking is a costly habit. Smokers spend a significant amount of money on cigarettes, which can be better spent on other things. Moreover, smoking-related illnesses and diseases can lead to medical expenses, loss of income, and decreased productivity.In conclusion, smoking is a harmful habit that causes various health problems, affects those around the smoker, and is a costly habit. Quitting smoking is not easy, but it is important for one's health and well-being. There are various methods to quit smoking, such as nicotine replacement therapy, counseling, and support groups. It is never too late to quit smoking and improve one's quality of life.。
吸烟的影响英语作文Smoking is a habit that has been pervasive in society formany decades, and while it is known for its negative health effects, it continues to be a choice for many individuals around the world. In this essay, we will explore the various impacts of smoking, including its health consequences, social implications, and economic costs.Health Consequences:The most significant impact of smoking is on an individual's health. Cigarette smoke contains thousands of chemicals, many of which are toxic and over 70 are known to cause cancer. The most severe health risks associated with smoking include:1. Lung Cancer: Smokers are significantly more likely to develop lung cancer, which is one of the leading causes of cancer-related deaths worldwide.2. Heart Disease: Smoking damages the heart and blood vessels, increasing the risk of heart disease and stroke.3. Respiratory Illnesses: Conditions such as chronicbronchitis and emphysema are common among smokers due to the damage caused to the lungs.Social Implications:Smoking also has profound social implications that extend beyond the smoker's health:1. Secondhand Smoke: Non-smokers exposed to secondhand smokeface their own health risks, including lung cancer and respiratory problems.2. Social Stigma: In many societies, smoking is increasingly seen as a negative habit, leading to social exclusion for those who partake in it.3. Impact on Family and Friends: The habit can strain relationships as friends and family members express concern for the smoker's health and well-being.Economic Costs:The economic impact of smoking is substantial and affects not only the smoker but also society as a whole:1. Healthcare Costs: The medical expenses related to treating smoking-related illnesses place a significant burden on healthcare systems.2. Productivity Loss: Smokers often have more sick days and a reduced ability to work effectively, leading to economic losses for businesses.3. Environmental Damage: The production and disposal of cigarettes contribute to environmental pollution and waste.Conclusion:In conclusion, the impact of smoking is far-reaching and detrimental. It affects not only the smoker's health but also the health of those around them, social dynamics, and the economy. Efforts to reduce smoking rates, such as public health campaigns, increased taxes on tobacco products, and smoking cessation programs, are crucial to mitigating these impacts and improving public health.。
吸烟的害处英语作文Smoking is a harmful habit that can lead to serious health problems. It can cause lung cancer, heart disease, and respiratory issues. Not only does smoking harm the person doing it, but it also affects those around them through secondhand smoke.Smoking can also have a negative impact on one's appearance. It can cause yellowing of the teeth, bad breath, and premature aging of the skin. People who smoke may find themselves looking older than they actually are due to the effects of smoking on their skin.In addition to the health and appearance consequences, smoking can also be a financial burden. Cigarettes are expensive, and the cost of smoking can add up quickly over time. This money could be better spent on more important things like food, housing, or leisure activities.Quitting smoking can be a difficult process, but it isimportant to remember the benefits of doing so. Not only will quitting improve one's health and appearance, but it will also save money in the long run. There are resources available to help people quit smoking, such as support groups, counseling, and nicotine replacement therapy.In conclusion, smoking is a harmful habit that can have serious consequences for one's health, appearance, and finances. It is important to recognize the risks of smoking and take steps to quit in order to live a healthier and happier life.。
双语励志美文:被动吸烟造成的恶果
摘录:二手烟包含一系列有毒成份,可能会潜在地损伤女性生殖健康。
烟草毒素会破坏细胞遗传物质,影响受孕,增加流产的风险性,以及阻止成功受孕所需荷尔蒙的分泌。
双语励志美文:被动吸烟造成的恶果
Women who have ever been around smokers regularly may have more difficulty getting pregnant than those who have not, a new study suggests. The findings, researchers say, offer one more reason for women to kick the smoking habit.
一项新的研究显示,经常被动吸烟的女性比正常女性更难受孕。
研究人员称,这项研究结果将有助于女性戒掉吸烟恶习。
Studies have found that women who smoke raise their risk of a number of pregnancy complications, as well as their infants' risk of health problems. Less is known about the dangers of secondhand smoke, though some studies have linked exposure during pregnancy to an elevated risk of miscarriage.
研究发现,孕妇吸烟会增加患孕期并发症的可能性,由此孩子的健康也会受损。
对于二手烟的危害性还有待进一步研究,但有些研究显示,孕期被动吸烟会增加流产的可能性。
In the new study, of more than 4, 800 women, researchers found those who'd grown up with a parent who smoked were more likely to report they'd had difficulty becoming pregnant —defined as having to try for more than 1 year.
一项由4,800多人参与的研究表明,有吸烟史人的子女更有可能经过1年以上的尝试也不易怀孕。
In addition, women who'd been exposed to secondhand smoke in both childhood and adulthood were 39 percent more likely to have suffered a miscarriage or stillbirth, and 68 percent more likely to have had problems getting pregnant.
此外,从儿时到成年时期都吸二手烟的女性在孕期遭遇流产或死胎的可能性增加39%,而很难受孕的几率增加68%。
"These statistics are breathtaking and certainly (point) to yet another danger of secondhand smoke exposure, " said lead researcher Luke J. Peppone at the University of Rochester, New York.
研究小组组长,纽约罗彻斯特大学的卢克.杰.派鹏介绍说,“这些数据触目惊心,当然也证明了二手烟带来的又一风险。
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"We all know that cigarettes and secondhand smoke are dangerous, " he added. "Breathing the smoke has lasting effects, especially for women when they're ready for children."
“我们都知道吸烟和被动吸烟有害健康,”他说,“吸入的烟会产生一个长期的影响,尤其对于那些准备怀孕的女性,影响更大。
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Peppone and his colleagues at the University of Rochester in New York report their findings in the December 5 online issue of the journal Tobacco Control.
12月5日,派鹏和他纽约罗彻斯特大学的同事们在《烟草控制》网络期刊上刊登了研究报告。
For the study, the researchers analyzed surveys from 4, 804 women who'd visited the university's Roswell Park Cancer Institute between 1982 and 1998 for health screening or cancer treatment. All had been pregnant at least once in their lives.
研究人员对于1982年至1998年期间到Roswell Park肿瘤医院进行身体检查或接受治疗的4,804位女性患者情况进行了分析,这些女性都至少有过一次怀孕的经历。
Overall, Peppone's team found 11 percent of the women had difficulty becoming pregnant, while one third had a miscarriage or stillbirth.
派鹏小组研究发现,其中11%的女性难以受孕,三分之一的女性有过流产或死胎的经历。
The risk of these problems tended to climb in tandem with the number of hours per day that a woman was exposed to secondhand smoke —a pattern that suggests a cause-effect relationship.
上述问题发生的可能性与女性被动吸二手烟的时长有关——是一种因果关系模式。
Secondhand smoke contains a host of toxic compounds that could potentially harm a woman's reproductive health, Peppone and his colleagues note. Tobacco toxins may damage cells' genetic material, interfere with conception, raise the risk of miscarriage, or inhibit the hormones needed for conception and a successful pregnancy.
派鹏和他的研究小组指出,二手烟包含一系列有毒成份,可能会潜在地损伤女性生殖健康。
烟草毒素会破坏细胞遗传物质,影响受孕,增加流产的风险性,以及阻止成功受孕所需荷尔蒙的分泌。