非谓语动词,虚拟语气,名词性从句1

00015英语二重点语法（结合考题讲解）综合英语（二）常考的语法为：名词单数变复数，定语从句，虚拟语气，反意疑问句，非谓语动词，时态，名词性从句，形容词副词的比较级，主谓一致，倒装等等。

下面我们把这些语法项目进行详细的有重点的讲解。

名词1. 大多数集体名词可作单数，也可作复数，如：army ，audience ，class ，committee ，crew ( 全体船员，乘务员) ，crowd ，faculty ，family ，government ，group ，orchestra ，team ，union 等。

强调整体时谓语动词用单数，强调个体时谓语动词用复数。

如：The government is paying close attention to economic development.The government are having a heated discussion on this matter.2.有些名词形式为复数，却用作单数，如:electronics( 电子学) ，mathematics( 数学) ，optics( 光学) ，politics ，statistics( 统计学), economics （经济学）, physics 等。

例如:Linguistics is a difficult subject to study.3. 名词作定语时，除了man和woman要和中心词一起变成复数之外，其它修饰词不能变成复数。

例如a woman teacher ---- two women teachersa man doctor ---- two men doctorsa girl student ---- five girl studentsa boy student ----six boy students4. 复合名词的复数只把其中所包含的主体名词变成复数。

如:looker(s)-on ，runner(s)-up ，sister(s)-in-law ，editor(s)-in-chief ，passer(s)-by ，grand-child(ren) ，shoe lace(s) ，blood type(s) 等。

语法主要考哪些项目？英语（二）最常考的语法项目包括：动词时态和语态、非谓语动词、虚拟语气、定语从句、名词性从句、状语从句、比较级、语序、主谓一致、强调句、基本句型。

*最常考的时态：现在完成时、过去完成时、过去时、一般现在时和将来完成时。

*最常考的非谓语动词：独立结构、动名词作某些动词的宾语、非谓语动词作定语和状语。

*最常考的虚拟语气：与过去事实相反的虚拟语气的从句和主句。

*最常考的定语从句：where 引导的定语从句、名词/代词+ of + whic h引导的定语从句。

*名词性从句：what，whether 引导的主语或宾语从句、that 引导的同位语从句。

*状语从句：now that， in that， in c as e， as， while 引导的状语从句。

哪些词最有可能考单词拼写？严格来说，只要是考纲中包括的词都有可能出现在单词拼写大题中，但是从历年考题可以看出，某些词的命中率要高于其它词，有些词甚至反复考过，这说明考生在背单词的时候还是可以在全面覆盖的基础之上突出重点、提高效率的。

在这里我们不可能一一罗列重要的词汇，下面是我总结的英语（二）常考单词的特点：*绝大部分是长度在5-8个字母之间的中等难度的词，如：victim， ges ture等；*拼写和读音不完全对称的词，如：dumb， s ubtle等。

*个别非常简单、但课文中不是很常见的名词，如：tube.*从词性上来看，最常考的依次是名词、形容词、动词、和副词。

在复习这些单词时，一定要以考试大纲为准，而不能只背教材后面的生词表。

一方面，教材后面的生词表中包含了不少超刚词，完全不会考到；另一方面，对英语（二）来说，从下册教材生词表中出的单词只占三分之一，不可能涵盖所有要考的内容。

同样在复习时一定要讲究准确性，确保背一个记准一个，而不能只是记个大概，最后写出来每个都差不多但每个都有错。

复习建议针对上述预测，我们如何制定冲刺阶段的复习计划呢？下面是我推荐的三步复习法。

九年级上册英语第一次月考考查的知识点1. 语法知识点：主要包括动词时态、非谓语动词、形容词和副词的比较级与最高级、被动语态、虚拟语气、名词性从句等。

例如：a) 完成时态：- He has already finished his homework.- I haven't seen her for a long time.b) 非谓语动词：- I enjoy playing basketball.- He wants to learn how to play the guitar.c) 形容词和副词的比较级与最高级：- He is taller than his brother.- This is the most interesting movie I've ever seen.d) 被动语态：- The book was written by Mark Twain.- The door was left open by someone.e) 虚拟语气：- If I were you, I would study harder.- I wish I had more time to travel.f) 名词性从句：- What he said is true.- Where they go hasn't been decided yet.2. 词汇与短语：主要考查词汇的识别、拼写和应用，以及短语的理解和运用。

例如：a) 词汇：- She wrote a letter to her friend.- Can you spell this word correctly?b) 短语：- Turn off the lights when you leave the room.- He is always ahead of others in class.3. 阅读理解：主要考查对文章的理解能力和阅读技巧，包括细节理解、推理判断和主旨把握等。

初中英语知识点归纳名词性从句中的非谓语动词初中英语知识点归纳：名词性从句中的非谓语动词名词性从句是指在句中充当名词的从句。

在名词性从句中，除了常见的主语从句、宾语从句和表语从句之外，还存在一个重要的概念，即非谓语动词。

本文将围绕名词性从句中的非谓语动词展开讨论。

一、名词性从句的定义名词性从句是一个能够在句子中充当名词的从句，它的作用相当于名词。

名词性从句通常包括主语从句、宾语从句和表语从句。

二、非谓语动词的概念非谓语动词是指在句中不具备谓语功能的动词形式，它可以作为名词、形容词或副词使用。

在名词性从句中，非谓语动词常常用来充当句子的主语、宾语或表语。

三、非谓语动词在名词性从句中的用法1. 非谓语动词作主语在名词性从句中，非谓语动词可以作为主语，常见的非谓语动词有动名词和不定式。

例如：- 动名词：Swimming is my favorite sport.（游泳是我最喜欢的运动。

）- 不定式：To learn a foreign language requires patience.（学习一门外语需要耐心。

）2. 非谓语动词作宾语在名词性从句中，非谓语动词可以作为宾语，常见的非谓语动词有动名词和不定式。

例如：- 动名词：I enjoy reading books.（我喜欢读书。

）- 不定式：She promised to help me with my homework.（她答应帮我做作业。

）3. 非谓语动词作表语在名词性从句中，非谓语动词可以作为表语，常见的非谓语动词有动名词和不定式。

例如：- 动名词：His hobby is fishing.（他的业余爱好是钓鱼。

）- 不定式：The key to success is to work hard.（成功的关键是努力工作。

）四、名词性从句中的非谓语动词的提示词在名词性从句中，有一些提示词可以帮助我们识别出非谓语动词。

常见的提示词包括：to do、doing、done等形式。

高考英语应用文句式写作指导一、倒装句（1）结构never will I give up my dream.only after I finished a whole day’s picking work did I realize the hardship of farmers.总体结构：标志词（+标志词修饰的成分）+一般疑问句（+其他）（2）部分倒装的使用场景和写法第一步：标志词+修饰成分放句首第二步：主句改一般疑问句语序第三步：整合【使用场景1】因果关系[标志词]so/such...that如此...以至于我的老师给了我很多帮助，我永远都不会忘记她。

音乐节在我们学校很受欢迎，很多同学都会参加我非常了解中国画，可以给访客们介绍相关知识和绘画技巧。

在高中的第一年，英语对我来说太有挑战性了，我几乎要放弃。

【使用场景2】前提[标志词]onlyonly+副词：only then,only nowonly+介词短语：only in this way,only by working together,only with your help only+状语从句:only when,only if,only after只有做好充分的准备，我们才能赢得这次比赛通过这种方式，你才能彻底了解父母对你的爱完成一天的采摘工作后，我才理解了农民的辛苦【使用场景3】表达否定[标志词]never/seldom/little/in no way/by no means/on no account/under no circumstance/at no time等去中国朋友家里做客绝不应该迟到我们永远不会忘记你给我们的慷慨帮助你的妈妈永远不会伤害你【使用场景4】并列关系[标志词]not only...but also她不仅教给我们有用的知识，还给予我们及时的精神鼓励这些活动中，我们不仅能收获友谊，还能缓解身心压力在体育运动中，我们不仅可以提升身体素质，还可以培养团队精神在常规训练中，我们不仅要锻炼个人能力，还要增强团队合作我不仅可以帮忙组织活动，还可以现场展示中国画绘画技巧【使用场景5】前提[标志词]not...until...直到...才...直到我跑完全程，我才理解了坚持的重要性直到你离开学校，你才能真正感觉到学校生活的价值直到完成了所有的工作，我才理解了父母的辛苦【使用场景6】表达感谢/道歉/建议/感悟等[标志词]were/had（if虚拟条件句）如果我是你，我会和她面对面坦诚沟通一次如果不是因为你耐心的指导，我无法克服困难，树立信心。

非谓语动词非谓语动词的种类：不定式（to do）、动名词（doing）、现在分词（doing）、过去分词（V-ed）不定式：表将来、表目的1. 表示将要发生的动作或即将要做的事。

即表示发生在谓语动作之后的动作。

如：I expect him to arrive tomorrow. 我预计他明天到达。

I hope to catch an early train. 我希望赶上早班火车。

2.表示同时发生的动作，即表示与谓语动作同时发生或略先于谓语动作的动作。

如：Who heard him say that? 是谁听到他这样说的？(say 与heard 几乎同时发生)3.表示一般情况，即看不出动作的先后关系，而是表示一种情况或现象。

如：Washing the car seems to be your main hobby. 擦洗汽车似乎是你的主要爱好。

None of her many lovers seemed to want to marry her. 在她的许多情人中似乎没有一个愿意娶她的。

不定式省略to的基本规律一、使役动词后省略to的情况在let, make, have 等使役动词后用作宾语补足语的不定式必须省略to。

如：My mother wouldn’t let me go to the film. 我妈妈不会让我去看电影的。

I don't like milk, but mother made me drink it. 我不喜欢牛奶，可是母亲强迫我喝。

注意：当使役动词用于被动语态时，要补上在主动语态中省略的to二、感觉动词后省略to的情况see, hear, observe, notice, feel, watch在感觉动词后用作宾语补足语的不定式必须省略to。

如：I watched her get into the car. 我看着她上了车I saw the woman enter a bank. 我看见这个女人进了一家银行。

全国自考本科《英语（二）》复习资料语法主要考哪些项目？英语（二）最常考的语法项目包括：动词时态和语态、非谓语动词、虚拟语气、定语从句、名词性从句、状语从句、比较级、语序、主谓一致、强调句、基本句型。

* 最常考的时态：现在完成时、过去完成时、过去时、一般现在时和将来完成时。

* 最常考的非谓语动词：独立结构、动名词作某些动词的宾语、非谓语动词作定语和状语。

* 最常考的虚拟语气：与过去事实相反的虚拟语气的从句和主句。

* 最常考的定语从句：where 引导的定语从句、名词/代词+ of + which引导的定语从句。

* 名词性从句：what，whether 引导的主语或宾语从句、that 引导的同位语从句。

* 状语从句：now that，in that，in case，as，while 引导的状语从句。

哪些词最有可能考单词拼写？严格来说，只要是考纲中包括的词都有可能出现在单词拼写大题中，但是从历年考题可以看出，某些词的命中率要高于其它词，有些词甚至反复考过，这说明考生在背单词的时候还是可以在全面覆盖的基础之上突出重点、提高效率的。

在这里我们不可能一一罗列重要的词汇，下面是我总结的英语（二）常考单词的特点：* 绝大部分是长度在5-8个字母之间的中等难度的词，如：victim，gesture等；* 拼写和读音不完全对称的词，如：dumb，subtle等。

* 个别非常简单、但课文中不是很常见的名词，如：tube.* 从词性上来看，最常考的依次是名词、形容词、动词、和副词。

在复习这些单词时，一定要以考试大纲为准，而不能只背教材后面的生词表。

一方面，教材后面的生词表中包含了不少超刚词，完全不会考到；另一方面，对英语（二）来说，从下册教材生词表中出的单词只占三分之一，不可能涵盖所有要考的内容。

同样在复习时一定要讲究准确性，确保背一个记准一个，而不能只是记个大概，最后写出来每个都差不多但每个都有错。

复习建议针对上述预测，我们如何制定冲刺阶段的复习计划呢？下面是我推荐的三步复习法。

非谓语动词do/doesdiddo doingdoneto do一．非谓语动词在句子中不能单独充当谓语。

二．一个逗号不能连接两个并列的分句，必须要有连词。

通过逗号的问题可以判断出来是否使用非谓语动词。

三．非谓语动词的联系和区别1．doing既是现在分词，又是动名词，但是它们在句子中充当的成分及与之相连的结构都不同。

1）现在分词在句子中起修饰限定补充说明的作用，所以充当定语，状语，补语；动名词是具有动词含义，保留了动词某些用法的名词，所以在句子中充当主语，宾语，定语。

现在分词做定语时表示被修饰的中心词所处的状态或所做的动作;而动名词做定语表示被修饰的中心词的目的或用途。

a sleeping boysleeping room2) 现在分词和动名词在独立结构中的逻辑主语不同。

独立结构的概念在主从复合句中，当主句和从句的主语一致时，可以将从句中的主语及be动词省略，这时从句就变为独立结构。

While (he is) eating, he is watching TV.在主从复合句中，当主句和从句的主语不一致时，不能按照上面的规则省略，在新的独立结构中应添加逻辑主语。

分词的逻辑主语是代词的主格和名词的通格；动名词的逻辑主语是形容词性物主代词，名词所有格，代词的宾格和名词的通格。

While she is eating, he is watching TV.While she eating, he is watching TV.His saying that kind of things made us very angry.2．现在分词和过去分词的区别doing 主动物动作正在进行done 被动人动作已经结束the boy sleeping in the roomthe man killed in the warthe exciting newsthe excited peoplethe developing countrythe developed countryfallen/falling snowboiled/boiling water*当用及物动词的分词做定状补语时，如果是现在分词，后面必须加宾语，如果是过去分词，后面不能加宾语。

非谓语20. ______ the room, a letter was laid on the ground.A. EnteringB. Having enteredC. He enteredD. Mrs Green entering22. ______ her mother had come, her face lit up.A. HearingB. Having heardC. When hearingD. When she heard23. They arrived at their university very late, ______ the gate closely shut.A. foundB. to findC. findD. finding24. ----Do you have anything more ______, sir?----No. You can have a rest or do something else.A. typingB. to be typedC. typedD. to type25. The manager promised to keep me ______ of how our business was going on.A. to be informedB. on informingC. informedD. informing26. With a lot of difficult problems ______, the manager felt worried all the time.A. to settleB. settlingC. settledD. being settled名词性从句1. _____ we need more practice is quite clear.A. WhenB. WhatC. ThatD. /2. _____ I accept the gift or refuse it is none of your business.A. IfB. WhetherC. Even ifD. No matter when3. _____ he is doing seems quite difficult.A. HowB. ThatC. WhichD. What4. _____ that there is another good harvest this year.A. It saysB. It is saidC. It was saidD. He was said5. _____ that she has received a doctor‘s degree.A. It’s a splendid newsB. This is a splendid newsC. It‘s splendid newsD. This is splendid news6. _____ still needs to be discussed.A. How is the plan to be carried outB. How the plan is to be carried outC. Why is the plan carried outD. Why the plan carried out定语从句46. This is the best novel _______ I have ever read.A. whichB. whatC. asD. that47. This is the first play _____ I have seen since I came here.A. whichB. thatC. asD. what48. The lady ____ is a woman scientist.A.whom you spokeB. with which you spokeC.whom you said toD.you spoke to49. The way _____ you are doing it is completely crazy.A. thatB. whichC. asD. what50. His parents wouldn’t let him marry anyone _______ family was poor.A .of whom B. whom C. of whose D. whose51. He paid the boy $10 for washing ten windows, most of _____ hadn’t been cleaned for at least a year.A. theseB. thoseC. thatD. which16.We are invited to a party _________in our club next Friday.A. to be heldB. heldC. being heldD. holding倒装句25. Never before _______ in greater need of modern public transport than it is today. 05上海A. has this city beenB. this city has beenC. was this cityD. this city was26. —Well. I do think the rabbit is a beautiful, gentle animal which can run very fast.—_____________. 06辽宁A．So it is B．So is it C．So does it D．So it does 27. In the dark forests ________, some large enough to hold several English towns. 05辽宁A．stand many lakes B．lie many lakes C．many lakes lie D．many lakes stand 30. —Father ,you promised! —Well, .But it was you who didn’t keep your word first. 05湖北A．so was I B．so did I C．so I was D．so I did33. ______ snacks and drinks, but they also brought cards for entertainment when they had a picnic in the forest. 04上海A. Not only they broughtB. Not only did they bringC. Not only brought theyD. Not only they did bring34. Maybe you have been to many countries, but nowhere else______ such a beautiful palace.A. can you findB. you could findC. you can findD. could you find虚拟1. Without electricity human life ______ quite difficult today.A. isB. will beC. would have beenD. would be2. How 1 wish every family ______ a large house with a beautiful garden!A．has B. had C．will have D．has had3. It’s quite impossible that it will rain tomorrow. But if it _______, I would still go to the park.A. should rainB. would rainC. rainsD. had rained4. I'd rather you _______ anything about it now.A. aren't doingB. won't doC. didn't doD. don't do5. When a pencil is partly in a glass of water, it looks as if it ____.A. breaksB. has brokenC. were brokenD. had been broken6. The young man insisted that he ______ nothing wrong and _______ free.A. did; setB. had done; should be setC. should do; be setD. had done; must be set7. The new airport _____ if they had not stopped working on it.A. would completeB. had been completedC. had completedD. would have been completed10. Their basketball team has lots of excellent players, so if there is no unexpected thing to happen, their team ______ win the championship. A. would B. may C. should D. need11. Jenny ______ her word. I wonder why she changed her mind.A. must have keptB. can have keptC. should have keptD. would have kept12. My mother stared at me as if she ________ me before.A. didn’t seeB. hasn’t seenC. hadn’t seenD. doesn’t see13. Peter ______ come with us tonight, but he isn’t sure.A. must B. may C. can D. will14. ---- Could I use your computer while you are out?---- Of course you _______A. could B. should C. must D. can15. I’ve changed to take the job and I ________ change my mind.A. mustn’tB. can’tC. won’tD. may not17.I still remember -- to the Famen Temple and what I saw there.A. to takeB. to be takenC. takingD. being taken主谓一致1.The old ____well looked after by the government in China. A. is B. are C. hasbeen D. was2. The secretary and manager ____very busy now.A. is B. are C. was D. Were3. Both the secretary and the manager _____agreed to attend the meeting.A. hasB. haveC. areD. was4. Tom as well as two of his classmates _____invited to the party.A. wasB. wereC. have beenD. had been5. Either you or I _____going to the teachers‘ office after class.A. am B. is C. are D. Will6. Most of his spare time ____spent in reading.A. are B. were C. was D. have been7. This is one of the best novels that ____appeared this year.A.have beenB. hasC. had beenD. have8. Ten thousand dollars _____quite a large sum. A.are B. is C. were D. Have9.About 20 percent of the work ____done yesterday.A. are B. is C. were D. was10. Mr Smith，together with his children，____arrived A.are B. has C. is D. have11. It ____I who _____leaving for London.A.is…is B. am…is C. is…am D. am…am12. Not only Tom but also his wife ____fond of watching television.A. areB. wereC. beD. is13. When and where to build the new factory ____yet.A. is not decidedB. are not decidedC. has not decidedD. have not decided14. Although the first part of the book is easy，the rest ______.A. are difficultB. has proved difficulC. is supposed difficultD. have been found difficul反义疑问23. There used to be a church behind the cemetery,_____________?A. didn’t thereB. used thereC. usedn’t ItD. didn’t it24. What a lovely day, _________?A. doesn’t itB. hasn’t itC. won’tD. isn’t it25. You must have been there, ____________?A. have youB. did youC. haven’t youD. didn’t you26. That is your school, ___________?A. isn’t thatB. mustn’t itC. isn’t itD. won’t it27. She dislikes this skirt, _________________?A. doesn’t sheB. does sheC. isn’t sheD. is she28. No one can stop us from going there, ______?A. can’t itB. can theyC. ca n’t theyD. can one29．--- Where is your father? --- Oh, __________ .A．here comes he B．here does he comeC．he here comes D．here he comes31．________ , I would have phoned you.A．If I knew it B．Had I known it C．If I know it D．Did I know it32．_________ in the river yesterday, the boy _________ .A．Were Mr Black not; would not be drowned B．Were Mr Black ; would be drownedC．Had Mr Black not been; would have been drownedD．Hadn't Mr Black been; would have drowned33．--- It was cold yesterday.--- __________ . Which of the following is wrong?非谓语27. Will those ______ the children from abroad come to the headmaster’s office?A. teachingB. teachC. who teachesD. who teaching28. After ______ for the job, you will be required to take a language test.A. being interviewedB. interviewedC. interviewingD. having interviewed29. They apologized for ______ to attend the meeting.A. their not being ableB. their being not ableC. them not ableD. them being able not30. They would not allow him ______ across the enemy line.A. to risk goingB. risking to goC. for risk to goD. risk going31. ______ to nuclear radiation, even for a short time, may produce variants(变异体) of genes in human bodies.A. Being exposedB. Having exposedC. ExposedD. After being exposed32. China became the 143rd member of the World Trade Organization on December 11, 2001, thus ______ its 15-year wish to join the global trade body.A. having realizedB. realizedC. realizingD. to realize33. Tom looked at Jenny, tears ______ his eyes, and shouted out the words ______ in his heart for years.A. filling; having hiddenB. filled; hiddenC. filling; hiddenD. filled; hiding34. They apologized for ______ to attend the meeting.A. their not being ableB. their being not ableC. them not ableD. them being able not名词性从句8. _____ nothing to do with us.A. What he did isB. What he has done isC. What did he do hasD. What he has done has9. That‘s _____ the Party called on us to do.A. whatB. thatC. howD. why10. The reason why I have to go is _____ if I don‘t.A. that she will be disappointedB. because she will be disappointedC. on account of her being disappointedD. that she will be disappointing11. It was _____ he worked hard that he succeeded.A. becauseB. sinceC. asD. For定语从句71. They are flying to Hong Kong, ______they plan to visit for two or three days.A. whereB. whenC. thatD. which72. Great changes have taken place in the small town, ______ the famous writer spent his childhood.A. whereB. whenC. thatD. in the town73. Can you suggest a time ________ we can meet?A. whichB. whenC. whereD. how74. That’s the very point ______ .A. that must be insistedB. which must be insistedC. that must be insisted onD. which must be insisted upon75. “Thirty-nine Steps” is one of the most exciting films ____ directed by Alfred Hotchcock.A. which wasB. that wasC. that wereD. which were76. That’s the only furniture _____ we have.A. thatB. whatC. whichD. all77. All of the plants now raised on farms have been developed from the plants _____ wild.A. once they grewB. they grew onceC. that once grewD. once grew24________ many times, he finally understood it.A. ToldB. TellingC. Having toldD. Having been told倒桩18. ——I reminded you not to forget the appointment. ——. 06江西A. So you didB. So I do notC. So did youD. So do I19. Never in my wildest dreams these people are living in such poor conditions．06安徽A．I could imagine B．could I imagine C．I couldn’t imagine D．couldn’t I imagine20. At the foot of the mountain _______. 06四川A. a village lieB. lies a villageC. does a village lieD. lying a village21. I’ve tried very hard to improve my English. But by no means _____with my progress. 06重庆A. the teacher is not satisfiedB. is the teacher not satisfiedC. the teacher is satisfiedD. is the teacher satisfied22. Only then___________ how much damage had been caused. 06陕西A. she realizedB. she had realizedC. had she realizedD.did she realize23. Mary never does any reading in the evening, _________. 05全国2A．so does John B．John does too C．John doesn’t too D．nor does John24. They have a good knowledge of English but little _______they know about German. 05天津A. haveB. didC. hadD. Do14. —Did Linda see the traffic accident? —No, no sooner _____than it happened. 06天津A. had she goneB. she had goneC. has she goneD. she has gone15. Just in front of our house ___ with a history of 1,000 years. 06上海A. does a tall tree standB. stands a tall treeC. a tall tree is standingD. a tall tree stands16. ---It’s burning hot today, isn’t it? ----Yes. ________yesterday. 06福建A. So was itB. So it wasC. So it isD. So is it17. So difficult it to work out the problem that I decided to ask Tom for advice. 06广东A. I did findB. did I findC. I have foundD.have I found虚拟17. ---- I heard they went skating in the mountains last winter.---- It ______ be true because there was little snow there.A. may notB. won’tC. couldn’tD. mustn’t18. I was really anxious about you. You ______ home without a word.A. mustn’t leaveB. shouldn’t have leftC. couldn’t have leftD. needn’t leave19. ---- Mary, how did your Math test go ?---- I had thought I ______, but in fact I came in the top 10 in my class.A. should have failedB. could have failedC. might have failedD. need have failed20. I wonder how he ______ that to the teacher.A. dare to sayB. dare sayingC. not dare sayD. dared say21. It’s high time that he settled down in the city and ______ a new life.A. startB. startedC. to startD. starting22. How I wish I ______ to learn Japanese when I was ten.A. would begin B. beganC. should begin D.had begun23. ---- ______ he have been chosen as captain of our school football team?---- Yes, he ______. Can’t you see he’s wearing an armband ?A. Can; can’tB. Must; must haveC. Can; must haveD. Must; must7. ---- Mr. Smith, ______ he have all these papers typed for you right away ?---- He ______. They should be ready by 10 o’clock this morning.A. will; mustB. shall; has toC. need; willD. would; ought to8. Research findings show we spend about two hours dreaming every night, no matter what we ______ during the day.A. may have doneB. can have doneC. must have doneD. should have done9. ---- Don’t press the button, John.---- What if I _______ A. did B. would C. will D. shall主谓一致15. That they were wrong in these matters _____ now clear to us all.A. isB. wasC. areD. were16. Half of his goods ____ stolen the other day. A. are B. were C. is D. was17. Mathematics ____the language of science.A. are B. are going to be C. is D. is to be18. Each of the students _____ a Chinese-English dictionary.A. haveB. hasC. there isD. there are19. They each ____ a beautiful handkerchief.A. have B. has C. there is D. there are20. Between the two rows of trees _____the teaching building.A. standB. standsC. standingD. are21. This pair of shoes ____made in Nanjing.A.is B. are C. have been D. had been22. No one except my parents _____anything about it.A. knowB. knowsC. is knowingD. have known23. A number of students _____from the south.A. are B. is C. have D. has24. The number of students from the north ____small.A.areB. isC. haveD. has反义疑问16. I don’t think he will come to our party, _____?A. will heB. won’t heC. does heD. do I17. I suppose he’s serious, ___________?A. do IB. don’t IC. is heD. isn’t he18. Wang said that he was not there then, _____?A. did heB. didn’t heC. was heD. wasn’t he19. You daren’t say that to him, _________?A. dare youB. do youC. daren’t youD. don’t you20. You must have read about Dickens long ago, __________?A. mustn’t youB. haven’t youC. can’t youD. didn’t you21. You’d better not smoke here, ________?A. will youB. shall youC. have youD. had you22. There isn’t going to be a volleyball match next week, __________?A. is itB. isn’t itC. is thereD. isn’t there13. She never tells a lie, ________?A. does sheB. doesn’t sheC. is itD. isn’t it14. You hardly know each other, _________?A. do youB. don’t youC. have youD. didn’t you15. The man in blue must be your brother, _____?A. mustn’t heB. needn’t heC. isn’t heD. is he1.I like getting up very early in summer.The morning air is so good .A.to be breathedB.to breatheC.breathingD.being breathed2.—Did the book give the information you needed?—Yes.But it， I had to read the entire book.A.to findB.findC.to be findingD.finding非谓语35. Which will you enjoy ______ your vacation, traveling abroad or working in the countryside?A. to spendB. spendC. spendingD. spent36. ----Will you please tell us how you can seize the robbers?----I will spend a whole week ______ in your room to wait for their coming.A.lockingB. to lockC. lockedD. being locked42. The building project ______ next year is, I think, not easy ______ in time.A. being carried out; to completeB. carried out; to be completedC. to be carried out; to completeD. to be carried out; to be completed44. Excuse me, could you tell me how to get to the Grand Hotel? I thought it was on this corner, but I seem to ______ a mistake.A. make B. be making C. having made D. have made45. ----Here’s a new pair of shoes for you.----Thank you, but there’s no need ______ a new pair for me.A.to have boughtB. to buyC. buyingD. to be buying名词性从句12. I have no idea _____.A. what does the word “infinity”meanB. what the word “infinity”meansC. what the meaning of the word “infinity”D. what the word “infinity”mean13. _____ do you think will teach us maths next term？A. WhomB. WhoC. WhatD. That14. Are you sure _____？A. whether she is honestB. that she is honestyC. she is honestD. is she honest15. He often thinks of _____ he can do more for the four modernizations.A. whatB. howC. thatD. Which79. In the dark street, there wasn’t a single person _____ she could turn for help.A. thatB. whoC. from whomD. to whom80. Those _____ were not fit for their work could not see the beautiful clothes.A. whoB. thatC. whichD. whose81. Don’t trust such men _____ praise you to your face.A. asB. whoC. thatD. which82. I’ve bought the same kind of electric fan _____ you bought last time.A. whichB. thatC./D. as83. The house is just the same _____ it used to be.A. whichB. thatC. /D. as84. Mr. Smith isn’t such a man _____ he used to be.A. asB. whatC. thatD. Who3.I feel greatly honored into their society.A.to welcomeB.welcomingC.to be welcomedD.welcomed4.It is worth considering what makes“convenience”foods so popular， and better onesofyour own.A.introducesB.to introduceC.introducingD.introduced倒装10. I have been living in the United States for twenty years, but seldom _____ so lonely as now.07辽宁A. have I feltB. I had feltC. I have feltD. HadI felt11. －My room gets very cold at night. －_________. 07江苏A. So is mineB. So mine isC. So does mineD. So mine does12. Little __________ that we were watching his every move, so he seemed to be going his own wayin this business. 07安徽A. he realizedB. be didn’t realizeC. didn’t he realizeD. did herealize13. ________ that Marie was able to set up new branches elsewhere. 07陕西A. So successful her business wasB. So successful was her businessC. So her business was successfulD. So was her successful business14. —Did Linda see the traffic accident? —No, no sooner _____than it happened. 06天津A. had she goneB. she had goneC. has she goneD. she has gone15. Just in front of our house ___ with a history of 1,000 years. 06上海A. does a tall tree standB. stands a tall treeC. a tall tree is standingD. a tall tree stands16. ---It’s burning hot today, isn’t it? ----Yes. ________yesterday. 06福建A. So was itB. So it wasC. So it isD. So is it17. So difficult it to work out the problem that I decided to ask Tom for advice. 06广东A. I did findB. did I findC. I have foundD.have I found虚拟26. But for your timely help, the boy ______ his life.A. must have lostB. may loseC. might have lostD. should lose27. What would you say if I ______ you the truth ?A. am going to tellB. were to tellC. have toldD. would tell28. ---- You really shouldn’t have shouted to them.---- Right. I ______ crazy then.A. must beB. must have beenC. would have beenD. should have been29. If I ______ you, I ______ a plane instead of a bus. It’s too far.A. were; would have takenB. had been; would have takenC. were; would takeD. had been; would take30. ---- Were you shown around Venice in a boat with those American tourists?---- No, but I wish I ______ A. am B. were C. had D. should31. ---- Mum, it’s none of my business. Why ______ I care?---- Just because she is your sister.A. canB. shouldC. willD. may32. Oh, I’m feeling bad in the stomach. I ______ so much fried chicken just now.A. shouldn’t eatB. mustn’t have eatenC. shouldn’t have eatenD. mustn’t eat33. It has been announced that candidates _________ remain in their seats until all the papers have been collected.A. canB. willC. mayD. should34. He has always insisted that he ______ Dr Turner instead of Mr. Turner.A. will be calledB. callC. have been calledD. should be called35. He made a suggestion that the English test ______ until next Wednesday.A. will be put offB. be put offC. will put offD. put off6.I hear they’ve promoted Tom， but he didn’t mention when we talked on the phone.A.to promoteB.having been promotedC.having promotedD.to be promoted主谓一致36. The Chinese people _____hard-working and brave. A. are B. is C. has been D. are being37. ____can be done _____been done.A. All；haveB. All that；haveC. All；hasD. All that；has38. John has two brothers，but either ____out of work now.A. are B. is C. has D. have39. The police ____the murderer everywhere when he suddenly appeared in a theatre.A. is searching forB. were searching forC. are searching forD. were searching40. Apples of this kind ____.A. tastes good B. tastes well C. taste good D. taste well41. Your trousers ____dirty，you must have _____washed.A. is；itB. are；itC. are；themD. is；them42. Where ____rubbish，there are flies.A. there areB. there isC. isD. there has43. The Olympic Games ____held every ____years.A. is；fourB. are；fourC. is；fiveD. are；five44. Many a man _____ come to help us.A. have B. has C. is D. are45. He is the only one of the students who _____elected.A. are B. have C. has D. is反义疑问1. It’s the third time that John has been late, ____?A. hasn’t heB. isn’t heC. isn’t itD. hasn’t it2. Let’s take a rest, ___________.A. will weB. shall weC. shan’t weD. won’t we3. Let us pass, _________?A. shan’t weB. shall weC. won’t weD. will you4. Wait a minute, __________?A. shall youB. will youC. do youD. don’t you5. The suit’s finished, __________?A. doesn’t itB. isn’t itC. haven’t youD. hasn’t it6. He’s posted the letter, _________he?A. isn’tB. doesn’tC. hasn’tD. wasn’t7. They’d go with us, __________?A. wouldn’t theyB. didn’t theyC. hadn’t theyD. couldn’t they8. What fresh air, ________?A. is itB. does itC. isn’t itD. doesn’t it非谓语46. What worried the boy most was ______ to visit his father in the hospital.A. his not allowingB. his not being allowedC. having not been allowedD. his being not allowed47. To do a bit for the motherland, ______.A. working hard is necessaryB. to learn a foreign language is neededC. it is important to master scienceD. one should serve the people whole-heartedly48. Everything ______ into consideration, they ought to have another chance.A. to takeB. takenC. to be takenD. taking49. The officials discussed the plan that they would like to see ______ the next month.A. carry outB. carrying outC. to carry outD. carried out。

题型介绍：汉译英是四级考试的新题型(710分），5分钟处理5个句子，占5%的分值（35分）。

特点：1）内容单纯，不需要专业的理论知识。

2）名为翻译，实为补全句子。

每句只涉及15个单词，需添入的部分只有3到8个单词。

考点归纳:（一）句法考查1、虚拟语气2、非谓语动词(分词、不定式3、从句(名词性从句、定语从句、状语从句)4、特殊结构（强调句型、倒装句）5、情态动词（二）短语考查（一）句法考查1、虚拟语气a. 虚拟语气用于宾语从句中2006年6月24日新题型真题1) The professor required that ______ (我们交研究报告)。

Key: we hand in / turn in our research report(s)wish后宾语从句的虚拟语气：☆对过去的虚拟：过去完成式He didn’t go to the party, but he does wish he ____ (当时在那里).Key: had been there☆对现在的虚拟：一般过去式Sometimes I wish I _____ (生活在) in a different time and a different place.Key: were living☆对将来的虚拟：would + 动词原形b. 虚拟语气用于It is adj./n. that 结构中It is essential that these application forms ______ (尽早寄出去).Key: be sent as early as possible此结构的形容词包括：advisable, desirable, elementary, essential, important, incredible, vital, obligatory, strange, urgent, crucial,compulsory, necessary, etc. 它们多半表示“重要性”“必要性”和“合适性”，有较强的建议命令和规劝色彩此结构的名词包括:a pity, a shame, no wonder thatc. 虚拟语气用于表语从句和同位语从句中The suggestion that the mayor _____ (颁奖) was accepted by everyone.Key : (should) present / award the prizes类似的名词有：advice, decision, demand, order, instruction, command, motion, proposal, request, requirement, recommendation, suggestion等表示愿望、建议、命令等情绪的名词d. 虚拟语气用于状语从句中1) The mad man was put in the soft-padded cell lest he ______ (伤害自己).Key: (should) injure himself2) He was punished lest he ____________ (再犯同样的错误).Key: (should) make the same mistakes againlest 或for fear that 引导的目的状语从句，用should + 动词原形。

名词性从句中的虚拟语气名词性从句是高中英语学习中重要的语法项目之一，它要紧包括主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。

由于这四种从句在句中均具出名词的特点，因此统称为名词性从句。

在某些名词性从句中谓语动词需要用虚拟语气，要紧包括以下几点。

一、宾语从句1.在表示“坚持、要求、命令、建议”之类的动词后的宾语从句中，谓语动词要用“should+动词原形”，should能够省略。

如此的动词有：一个“坚持”（insist），两个“命令”（order,command），三个“建议”（suggest,advise,propose），四个“要求”（ask,demand,request,require）。

例如：Heinsiststhatshe(should)come.他执意要她来。

Hedemandedthathe(should)besenttoworkthere.他要求把他派到那里工作。

注意：当suggest表示“暗示，说明”，insist表示“坚持说（以为）”时，其后的宾语从句中的谓语动词要用陈述语气。

例如：Alltheevidencesuggeststhathestolethemoney.所有证据都说明是他偷了钱。

Heinsistedthathewasinnocent.他坚持说他是无辜的。

2.在动词wish后面的宾语从句中，若是表示与以后事实相反或不可能实现的愿望，用should/would/could/might+动词原形；若是表示与此刻事实相反的一种愿望，谓语动词用过去式；若是表示与过去事实相反的一种愿望或已经发生的遗憾的情形，用“had+过去分词”。

例如：Iwishyouwouldn’tleaveyourclothesalloverthefloor.我真希望你不把衣服丢得满地都是。

IwishIweretaller.我若是个子高一些就好了。

IwishIhadn’teatensomuch.我倒希望我没有吃这么多。

高三高考英语语法复习知识点总结五篇文章：高三高考英语语法复习知识点总结为了帮助广大考生复习高考英语语法，本文将根据常见的知识点总结五篇文章，分别对语态、时态、从句、虚拟语气和非谓语动词进行梳理和解析。

一、语态语态是英语中的一大难点，主要是因为中文中没有严格的语态区分，所以需要我们借助一些例子来记忆。

1. 被动语态被动语态用法较为简单，主要就是要记住要将主动语态的宾语变为被动语态的主语，同时使用不同的助动词和时态形式。

例如：Active: They build a new hospital here every year.Passive: A new hospital is built here every year.Active: She eats a banana every morning.Passive: A banana is eaten by her every morning.2. 主动语态主动语态用法就是正常的语态，也是比较简单的。

一般来说，我们常常使用主动语态，尤其是在描述我们自己或别人正在进行的动作。

Active: He writes a letter to his friend.Passive: A letter is written to his friend by him.Active: She plays the piano every afternoon.Passive: The piano is played every afternoon by her.3. 非定语动词非定语动词指的是在句子中作为谓语动词的动词，也就是我们最常见的动词形式。

在语态中，非定语动词主要是用来表示一些情感、感叹或存在状态等。

Active: She loves him deeply.Passive: He is loved deeply by her.Active: They usually send the report to the boss.Passive: The report is usually sent to the boss by them.二、时态时态也是英语语法中的一大难点，考生需要掌握现在时、过去时、将来时和完成时等几个常见时态。

英语二语法知识自考英语二语法复习重点自考英语(二)试题包括客观性试题和主观性试题，从目前考试趋势来看，分别占卷面总分的50%。

考试题型包含七种，分别为：词汇与结构、完形填空、阅读理解、单词拼写、词形变化、汉译英、英译汉。

英语(二)最常考的语法项目包括：动词时态和语态、非谓语动词、虚拟语气、定语从句、名词性从句、状语从句、比较级、语序、主谓一致、强调句、基本句型。

* 最常考的时态：现在完成时、过去完成时、过去时、一般现在时和将来完成时。

* 最常考的非谓语动词：独立结构、动名词作某些动词的宾语、非谓语动词作定语和状语。

* 最常考的虚拟语气：与过去事实相反的虚拟语气的从句和主句。

* 最常考的定语从句：where 引导的定语从句、名词/代词+ of + which引导的定语从句。

* 名词性从句：what，whether 引导的主语或宾语从句、that 引导的同位语从句2022年自考英语二语法复习重点2022年自考英语二语法复习重点。

* 状语从句：now that，in that，in case，as，while 引导的状语从句。

自考英语(二)科目往年高分复习技巧归纳，具体详情如下：1、教材的主要内容大学英语(二)课程根据全国高等教育自学考试指导委员会要求，使用全国统一教材，大学英语自学教程(上下册)，上册25单元，下册15单元。

每单元两篇课文，A篇课文要求精读后主动掌握，B篇课文则只要求理解。

2、出题类型和规律本课程自学考试命题的广度和难度根据本考试大纲规定的知识范围和能力要求确定。

试题包括客观性试题和主观性试题，从目前考试趋势来看，分别占卷面总分的50%2022年自考英语二语法复习重点文章2022年自考英语二语法复习重点出自/article/wk-__-__.html，转载请保留此链接!。

考试题型包含七种，分别为：词汇与结构、完形填空、阅读理解、单词拼写、词形变化、汉译英、英译汉。

3、复习重点本课程的重点是英语的基本词汇和语法，课程的主要目的是培养阅读能力。

1. 非谓语动词：谓语（notional verb 实义动词）+非谓语（non-predicate：v-ing；verb-to do; verb-to do:1、非谓语动词和动词的共同点、区别、句子中的作用、独立主格从动词当中衍生出来：具有很多动词的特征，但不能做谓语：可以做除谓语之外的其他任何成分：主语，宾语，表语（predicative)，定语（attributive），状语（adverbial modifier）补语（complement）2.作定语和做状语的区别：为什么会出现非谓语动词呢：中文一个句子可以有n个动词，但是英文一个句子只能有一个谓语，就需要把其他动词用非谓语呈现出来动词：时态、语态、非谓语，虚拟语气做状语：Having taken my temperature, my mother found I was ill.Being ill, I can’t go to school tomorrow.Not having finished his lessons, he won’t go out to playI went up to him, telling him to keep silent.Interrupted by the man, he became angry.To prevent the wild animals from extinction, we took some measures.独立主格结构：We being League members, the work was well done.(逻辑主语不一致)There being no bus, we had to walk home.Many trees, flowers, and grass to be planted, our newly-bulit school will look even more beautiful.都有被修饰的名词：The man standing by the window is my brother.The letter written by my classmate is very interesting.Without mothering, children’s capacity to survive is seriously affected.The man speaking to us has gone to Japan.There are a lot of students waiting to welcome the foreign teachers.To do作主语：To finish the work in ten minutes is very hard.To loose your confidence means failure.避免头重脚轻，it 作形式主语：it is hard to finish the task within ten minutes.做表语：her job is to clean the hall.// he appears to have caught a cold.做宾语：I decided to lose wight. Make up his mind to improve.做定语：meeting to attend; house to live in; nothing to worry about; place to live做状语：根据功能的不同；worked day and night to get money; sold her hair to buy some bread; (目的状语)；前后主语要一致；to save money, he tries every means；（结果状语）三大从句：定语从句==形容词的功能（修饰名词、代词）状语从句===副词的功能（时间、地点、目的、方式、原因、结果、让步9大从句，表示状语不仅是用状语从句）名词性从句===名词的功能（主语、宾语、表语、同位语从句）定语从句：1. 什么叫做定从，修饰名词或代词的从句。