transtional devices

介绍智能设备英文作文Introduction to Smart Devices。

Smart devices have become an integral part of our daily lives, revolutionizing the way we interact with technology. These devices are equipped with advanced capabilities and connectivity, allowing us to access information, controlour surroundings, and enhance our overall productivity. In this essay, we will explore the concept of smart devices, their various applications, and their impact on society.Smart devices, also known as Internet of Things (IoT) devices, are essentially everyday objects that have been enhanced with sensors, software, and connectivity features. These devices can communicate with each other and with the internet, enabling seamless integration and automation.They are designed to make our lives easier, more convenient, and more efficient.One of the most common examples of smart devices is thesmart home system. With this technology, homeowners can control various aspects of their homes, such as lighting, temperature, security systems, and even appliances, through their smartphones or voice commands. This level of automation and control not only enhances convenience but also improves energy efficiency and home security.Another popular application of smart devices is in the healthcare industry. Wearable devices, such as smartwatches and fitness trackers, can monitor our vital signs, trackour physical activity, and provide valuable health insights. These devices enable individuals to take control of their own health and well-being, promoting a healthier lifestyle and early detection of potential health issues.Smart devices are also transforming the way we interact with our vehicles. Connected cars can provide real-time navigation, traffic updates, and even self-driving capabilities. These features not only improve our driving experience but also enhance road safety and reduce traffic congestion.In addition to these applications, smart devices have also found their way into industries such as agriculture, manufacturing, and logistics. For example, smart sensorscan monitor soil moisture levels, enabling farmers to optimize irrigation and increase crop yields. In manufacturing, IoT devices can track inventory, monitor equipment performance, and streamline production processes. In logistics, smart devices can track shipments, optimize routes, and improve supply chain management.The impact of smart devices on society is significant. They have the potential to improve efficiency, reduce costs, and enhance our overall quality of life. However, there are also concerns regarding privacy and security. With the increasing amount of data collected by smart devices, there is a need for robust cybersecurity measures to protect personal information and prevent unauthorized access.In conclusion, smart devices have revolutionized theway we interact with technology, offering convenience, efficiency, and enhanced capabilities. From smart homes to healthcare and transportation, these devices have foundapplications in various industries, transforming the way we live and work. While the benefits are undeniable, it is crucial to address privacy and security concerns to ensure a safe and secure future for smart devices.。

Rhetorical devices1.simileHer eyes were jet black, and her hair was like a waterfall.2.metaphorShe turned down the offer in a storm of indignation./ I never anticipated that my case would snowball into one of the most famous trials in U.S history./ The ship ploughed the sea. /He swam bravely against the tide of popular applause./He went west by stagecoach and succumbed to the epidemic of gold and silver fever in Nevada’s Washoe region.3.anti-climaxHiroshima, a town known throughout the world for its --- oysters. / The duties of a soldier are to protect his country and peel potatoes./ 4.metonymyThere is an incessant struggle between the kimono and the miniskirt. / We all admire eloquent pen. / He never let his heart rule his head. / His pen would prove mightier than his pickax. / The pen is mightier than the sword. / I have never read Li Bai.5.antithesisSpeech is silver; silence is golden. / Ask not what your country can do for you; ask what you can do for your country. / A friend exaggerates aman’s virtues, an enemy his crimes. / Good breeding consists in concealing how much we think of ourselves and how little we think of the other person. / a world which will lament them a day and forget them forever.6.synecdocheMoscow and Washington will hold talks on this question./ Have you any coppers? / Beijing stands for peaceful co-existence and noninterference into other countries’ internal affairs.7.personificationBitterness fed on the man who made the world laugh. (a. that produces by the use of adjectives: the blushing rose, the thirsty ground. b. that produced by the use of verbs: the kettle sings, the waves danced c.that produced by the use of nouns: the smiles of spring, the whisper of leaves)8.parallelismThe past, with its crimes, its follies, and its tragedies, flashes away 9.alliteration... the slow, sleepy, sluggish-brained sloth stayed at home /The fair breeze blew, the white foam flew, the furrow followed free10.h yperboleThe trial that rocked the world / The wave ran mountain high. / His speech brought the house down. / The racist rulers drowned the blackpeople in a bloodbath. /All the perfumes of Arabia will not sweeten this little hand. /America laughed with Mark Twain.11.o xymoron: a kind of antithesis that links together two sharplycontrasting termsThe love affairs he had brought him bittersweet memories./victorious defeat /cheerful pessimist / living deaths / freezing fires / glorious defeat12.e uphemismmen’s final release from earthly struggle/ pass away13.t ransferred epithet: the transference of an adjective to a noun to whichit is not wholly appropriatethrowing a reassuring arm round my shoulder / Even so, the risk of discovery was beginning to cause Pettit sleepless nights./ 14．onomatopoeia:The ticking of the clock was the only sound that greeted him, for not a soul remained./ The moan of doves in immemorial elms, And murmuring of innumerable bees.古老的榆木林中鸽子的呢喃，还有成群飞舞的蜜蜂的嗡嗡声。

Rhetorical DevicesSimileA simile is a figure of speech in which one thing is compared to another, in such a way asto clarify and enhance an image.It is an explicit comparison recognizable by the use of the words “like” or “as”; some other words indicating comparison or likeness such as more than, as if, resemble, resemblance may also indicate similes. (para.25—justice will roll down like waters and righteousness like a mighty stream)1. Used with adjectives: as+adj.+as+n.(1) as white as a sheet/ snow(2) as cool as a cucumber(3) as light as a feather2. Used with verbs and verbal phrases: v.+like+n.(1) drink like a fish(2) speak like a book(3) sigh like a furnace (火炉)3. Similes with various predicative words（喻词）:(1) They spent money like water.(2) He is pitiless as steel, keen and cold as frost.(3) When in fury, she is more savage than a tigress.(4) Her face resembled a silver moon.——Her face bore the resemblance of a moon.(5) These childhood companions seemed phantoms in a dream now.(6) The first time I read an excellent book, it is as if I had gained a new friend.(7) A home without love is no more a home than a body without a soul is a man.(8) Y ou might as well expect a leopard to change its spots as expect him to give upsmoking.MetaphorA metaphor is an implied simile.It differs from a simile in that the comparison is only implied, instead of being formally expressed.Metaphor is considered by many the most important and basic poetic figure.It is also the commonest and the most beautiful.(para.25—tragic walls (racial discrimination, segregation) / battering rams (forces of justice))I. Noun metaphors:1. Tenor (T) + to be + V ehic le (V)If the father land is sound, my personal troubles are only a flea bite.…2. a (the, etc.) +V + of + TThe men were held in the valley by a wall of fire.…3. a (the, etc.) + V + of a + T(1) Y ou have a devil of a temper.(2) Those pigs of lazy people eat so much. (plural form)…4. T + and + VLove and a cough cannot be hid.II. V erb metaphors: The tenor doesn’t appear, the verb acts as the vehicle.1. V erbs denoting natural phenomenaHer eyes were blazing as she stormed at me.…2. V erbs converted from nouns denoting human beings(1) His misery beggared description.…3. V erbs converted from nouns denoting animalsHe wormed (himself) into our confidence.…4. V erbs denoting actions performed by the hand or foot:It jumps with my humor.5. The vehicle is a set phrase:(1) They will stew in their own juice.(2) Curses come home to roost.III. Adjectival metaphors:(1) There are rosy prospects for him.(2) His speech touched off a stormy protest.…IV. Adverbial metaphors:(1) He was freezingly polite to us.(2) They escaped by a hair’s breadth.…V. Proverb serving as vehicle:(1) Still waters run deep.(2) No smoke without fire.…Some points to be paid attention to in the use of similes and metaphors.1. Two things of the same species that are very similar shouldn’t be used in simile. As swift as an eagle, the lark soared to the sky.2. Strained (牵强附会的) and inappropriate figures of speech should be avoided. Her smile was as warm as an electric heater.3. Trite (陈腐的) figures of speech should be used with caution.as pretty as a picture; as cunning as a fox4. Mixed, or awkwardly combined figures of speech should be avoided.The odor of flowers shouted a welcome.AntithesisAntithesis is the deliberate arrangement of contrasting words or ideas in balanced structural forms to achieve force and emphasis. (para.25—outer city of wealth and comfort and the inner city of poverty and despair)For example:(1) To err is human; to forgive, divine.(2) A fall in the pit, a gain in the wit.(3) Deep rivers move in silence, shallow brooks are noisy.ParadoxIn rhetoric, paradox (悖论/隽语) is a statement that appears to be logically contradictory, apparently absurd or self-contradictory and yet may be true. (para.18—solutions that don’t solve…don’t explain)For example(1) More haste, less speed.(2) A friend to everybody is a friend to nobody.(3) The child is father of the man. (Wordsworth)(4) A man who is full of himself is empty. (Donne)AlliterationAlliteration is a figure of speech in which consonants especially at the beginning of words or stressed syllables are repeated. (para.25—the lion and lamb shall lie down together) For example(1) He never forgives nor forgets.(2)Let’s learn the lesson by heart.(3) Cut Costs Without Cutting Corners.——advertisement for carsAllusionAn allusion （引喻）is a figure of speech that makes a reference to, or representation of, a place, event, literary work, myth, or work of art, either directly or by implication. It is left to the reader or hearer to make the connection. (para.25—justice will roll down…a mighty stream.)Greek mythology, the Bible, Shakespeare, etc. are rich treasure houses of allusions.For example:(1) He met his Waterloo in 2008, when the project he heavily invested was collapsed.(2) She sat there all night as silent as the sphinx.AnaphoraIn rhetoric, an anaphora (首语重复法) is emphasizing words by repeating them at the beginnings of neighboring clauses. In contrast, an epiphora (or epistrophe，尾词重复) is repeating words at the clauses’ ends. (para.25—Let us be dissatisfied…) For example:We shall not flag or fail. We shall go on to the end. We shall fight in France, we shall fight on the seas and oceans, we shall fight with growing confidence and growing strength in the air, we shall defend our island, whatever the cost may be, we shall fight on the beaches, we shall fight on the landing grounds, we shall fight in the fields and in the streets, we shall fight in the hills. We shall never surrender. (Winston Churchill) It was the best of times, it was the worst of times, it was the age of wisdom, it was the age of foolishness, it was the epoch of belief, it was the epoch of incredulity, it was the season of Light, it was the season of Darkness, it was the spring of hope, it was the winter of despair, we had everything before us, we had nothing before us, we were all going direct to Heaven, we were all going direct the other way …—— Charles Dickens, A Tale of Two CitiesTransferred epithetTransferred epithet (移位修饰语) is a qualifying adjective transferred from a person to a thing, often from a person that is denoted by the subject to a thing that is related to it.(para.25—“tragic walls”)1. Paralleled relationshipShe sat there with embarrassed delight.He had a dry humor.2. Cause-effect relationshipHe answered with delighted smile.3. Modifying relationshipHe answered with a helpless smile.SynecdocheSynecdoche (提喻) is a figure of speech which consists in taking a part for the whole, an individual for a class, a material for a thing, or the reverse of any of these. (para.25—“city hall”)1. A part for the whole:(1) There is a sea of faces on the square. (people)(2) Moscow and Washington will hold talks on this question.2. The whole for a part:(1) The world (people) will dance at your wedding.(2) China (team) won the championship at the tournament.ChiasmusChiasmus (交错法/交错配列法) is a device that consists of two balanced statements, the second of which reverses the order of the words in the first, with or without a repetition of words. (para.9)The elements of a simple chiasmus are often labelled in the form A B B A, where the letters correspond to grammar, words, or meaning.1. In inverted meaning(1) Who dotes, yet doubts; suspects, yet strongly loves.——Shakespeare, Othello 3.3"Dotes" and "strongly loves" share the same meaning and bracket "doubts" and "suspects.“ (A B B A)2. In inverted grammar(2) He knowingly lied and we blindly followed. (A B A B)Subject→ adverb → verb → conjunction (cross) → subject → adverb → verb.(3) He knowingly lied and we followed blindly. (A B B A)Subject→ adverb → verb → conjunction (cross) → subject → verb → adverb.IronyIrony is the expression of actual intent in words that carry the opposite meaning.Most forms of irony involve the perception or awareness of discrepancy between words and their meaning, or between actions and their results, or between appearance and reality.In all cases there may be an element of the absurd and the paradoxical.More examples of irony:This hard-working boy seldom reads more than an hour per week.Robbing a widow of her savings was certainly a noble act.What a noble illustration of the tender laws of his favored country!—they let the paupers (beggars) sleep! (Dickens)Fair sir, you spit upon me on Wednesday last, another time you called me dog, and for these courtesies I am to lend you money. (Shakespeare)AntonomasiaAntonomasia is a rhetorical term for the substitution of a title, epithet (绰号), or descriptive phrase for a proper name (or of a personal name for a common name) to designate a member of a group or class.换称：指用形容语(绰号)、头衔等代替专名，如:the Almighty→God;his Honour→Judge;the Iron Duke→the Duke of Wellington；亦指用专名表达普通概念，如把一位聪明人称作a Solomon，用商标名Hoover来泛指“真空吸尘器”等。

高二英语现代科技单选题30题1.The new smartphone has a powerful _____.A.processorB.screenC.cameraD.battery答案：A。

本题考查现代科技名词。

processor 是处理器，智能手机强大通常是指处理器性能强。

screen 是屏幕，虽然屏幕也很重要但不是强大的主要体现。

camera 是摄像头，不是通常说的强大的主要方面。

battery 是电池，与强大不太直接相关。

2.Modern technology has brought us many advanced _____.A.devicesB.toolsC.instrumentsD.equipments答案：A。

devices 通常指电子设备等小器具。

tools 一般指手工工具等。

instruments 指乐器或精密仪器。

equipments 是错误用法，equipment 是不可数名词。

3.The latest laptop is equipped with a high-resolution _____.A.displayB.monitorC.screenD.show答案：C。

display 比较宽泛，可以指各种展示。

monitor 通常指显示器，但比较正式。

screen 就是电脑等设备的屏幕，更符合语境。

show 表示表演或展示，不合适。

4.One of the key features of 5G technology is its high-speed _____.A.connectionB.linkC.relationD.tie答案：A。

connection 指连接，5G 的高速连接很常见表达。

link 一般指链接。

relation 是关系。

tie 是领带或联系，都不合适。

5.The smart home system is controlled by a central _____.A.controllerB.operatorC.managerD.director答案：A。

StylisticDevices（全）Stylistic Devices (Rhetorical Devices, Figures of Speech)Stylistic devices make your speeches, essays etc. more interesting and lively and help you to get and keep your reader?s / listener?s attention.Stylistic DevicesAlliteration : repetition of initial consonant soundThe initial consonant sound is usually repeated in two neighbouring words (sometimes also in words that are not next to each other). Alliteration draws attention to the phrase and is often used for emphasis.Examples:Repetition of initial consonant sounds means that only the sound must be the same, not theconsonants themselves.Examples:killer commandfantastic philosophyA neat knot need not be re-knotted.If neighbouring words start with the same consonant but have a different initial sound, the words are not alliterated.Examples:a Canadian childhonoured and humbled (the …h? in honoured is silent)Allusion is used to explain or clarify a complex problem. Note that allusion works best if you keep it short and refer tosomething the reader / audience is familiar with, e.g.: famous peoplehistory(Greek) mythologyliteraturethe bibleIf the audience is familiar with the event or person, they will also know background and context. Thus, just a few words are enou gh to create a certain picture (or scene) in the readers? minds. The advantages are as follows:We don?t need lengthy explanations to clarify the problem.The reader becomes active by reflecting on the analogy.The message will stick in the reader's mind.Examples:the Scrooge Syndrome (allusion on the rich, grieve and mean Ebeneezer Scrooge from Charles Dicken?s “Christmas Carol”) The software included a Trojan Horse. (allusion on the Trojan horse from Greek mythology) ?Plan ahead. It was not raining when Noah built the Ark. (Richard Cushing) (allusion on the biblical Ark of Noah)Many allusions on historic events, mythology or the bible have become famous idioms.Examples:to meet one?s Waterloo (allusion on Napoleons defeat in the Battle of Waterloo)to wash one?s hands of it. (allusion on Pontius Pilatus, who sentenced Jesus to death, but washed his hands afterwards to demonstrate that he was not to blame for it.)to be as old as Methusalem (allusion on Joseph?s grandfather, who was 969 years old according to the OldTestament)to guard sth with Argus?s eyes (allusion on the giant Argus from Greek mythology, who watched over Zeus? lover Io.)The same word or phrase is used to begin successive clauses or sentences. Thus, the reader's / listener's attention is drawn directly to the message of the sentence.Example:Every child must be taught these principles. Every citizen must uphold them. And every immigrant, by embracing these ideals, makes our country more, not less, American. (2) If we had no winter, the spring would not be so pleasant; if we did not sometimes taste of adversity, prosperity would not be so welcome. (Anne Bradstreet)The beginning of wisdom is silence. The second step is listening. (unknown)A man without ambition is dead. A man with ambition but no love is dead. A man with ambition and love for his blessings here on earth is ever so alive. (Pearl Bailey)Anaphora is often used in conjunction with parallelism or climax.Antithesis emphasises the contrast between two ideas. The structure of the phrases / clauses is usually similar in order to draw the reader's / listener's attention directly to the contrast.Examples:That's one small step for a man, one giant leap for mankind. (Neil Armstrong)To err is human; to forgive, divine. (Pope)It is easier for a father to have children than for children tohave a real father. (Pope)Hyperbole : deliberate exaggerationUsed sparingly, hyperbole effectively draws the attention to a message that you want to emphasise.Example:I was so hungry, I could eat an elephant.I have told you a thousand times.The author / speaker raises a question and also gives an answer to the question. Hypophora is used to get the audience's attention and make them curious. Often the question is raised at the beginning of a paragraph and answered in the course of that paragraph. Hypophora can also be used, however, to introduce a new area of discussion.Example:Why is it better to love than be loved? It is surer. (Sarah Guitry) How many countries have actually hit […] the targets set at Rio, or in Kyoto in 1998, for cutting greenhouse-gas emissions? Precious few. (6)Litotes is a form of understatement which uses the denied opposite of a word to weaken or soften a message.Examples:That's not bad. (instead of: That's good/great.)Boats aren't easy to find in the dark. (4) (instead of: Boats are hard/difficult to find in the dark.)Metaphor compares two different things in a figurative sense.Unlike in a simile (A is like B.), “like” is not used in metaphor (A is B.).Example:Truths are first clouds, then rain, then harvest and food. (Henry Ward Beecher)Through much of the last century, America's faith in freedom and democracy was a rock in a raging sea. Now it is a seed upon the wind, taking root in many nations. (2)Metonomy (unlike metaphor) uses figurative expressions that are closely associated with the subject in terms of place, time or background. The figurative expression is not a physical part of the subject, however (see synecdoche).Examples:The White House declared … (White House = US government / President)The land belongs to the crown. (crown = king / queen / royal family / monarchy)Empty pockets never held anyone back. Only empty heads and empty hearts can do that.(Norman Vincent Peale)(empty pockets = poverty; empty heads = ignorance / dullness / density; empty hearts = unkindness / coldness) the spit-and-polish command post (meaning: shiny clean) (3)First-person narratorThe narrator tells the story from his / her point of view (I). It is a limited point of view as the reader will only know what thenarrator knows. The advantage of the first person narration is that the narrator shares his / her personal experiences and secrets with the reader so that the reader feels part of the story.Example:Charlotte Bronte: Jane EyreThird-person narratorThe narrator is not part of the plot and tells the story in the third person (he, she). Usually the narrator is all-knowing (omniscient narrator): he / she can switch from one scene to another, but also focus on a single character from time to time.Example:Charles Dickens: Oliver TwistThe third-person narrator can also be a personal narrator (point of view of one character) who tells the story in the third person (he, she), but only from the central character's point of view. This point of view is rarely used.Example:James Joyce: UlyssesThe pronounciation of the word imitates a sound. Onomatopoeia is used because it's often difficult to describe sounds. Furthermore, a story becomes more lively and interesting by the use of onomatopoeia.Examples:The lion roared.The steaks sizzled in the pan.The bomb went off with a bang.Successive clauses or sentences are similarly structured. This similarity makes it easier for the reader / listener to concentrateon the message.Example:We are bound by ideals that move us beyond our backgrounds, lift us above our interest, and teach us what it means to be citizens. (2)The mediocre teacher tells, The good teacher explains. The superior teacher demonstrates.The great teacher inspires. (William A. Ward)The mistakes of the fool are known to the world, but not to himself. The mistakes of the wise man are known to himself, but not to the world. (Charles Caleb Colton)Tell me and I forget. Teach me and I may remember. Involve me and I will learn. (Benjamin Franklin)Note: When writing, parallelism is a useful device for instructions. Due to the parallel structure, the reader can concentrate on the message and will immediately know what to do (see examples below).Example 1 (no parallelism):Open the book first.You must read the text now.There are pictures in the book–Look at them.The questions must be answered.Example 2 (parallelism):Open the book.Read the text.Look at the pictures.Answer the questions.You surely agree that the second instruction is easier to follow (and to remember) than the first one. The change of structure in the first example is confusing and distracts the readerfrom the actual message. It might be okay withsimple messages like the ones we used here. But following more complex instructions is really hard if they are not in parallel structure.The normal progression of a sentence is interrupted by extra information or explanations enclosed in commas, brackets or dashes. The extra information can be a single word, a phrase or even a sentence.Examples:We (myself, wife Lorraine and daughters Caroline and Joanna) boarded our boat 'Lynn', a Duchess class vessel barely a year old, at Black Prince Holidays' Chirk boatyard. (4)The boats have remarkably few controls and we were given a thorough briefing about 'driving' ours–along with advice on mooring, lock operation and safety considerations–by Pauline, who even set off with us for a few minutes to ensure we were confident. (4)Personification:attribution of human characteristics to animals, inanimate objects or abstractionsAnimals, inanimate objects or abstractions are represented as having human characteristics(behaviour, feelings, character etc.). Personification can make a narration more interesting and lively.Examples:Why these two countries would remain at each other's throat for so long. (3)I closed the door, and my stubborn car refused to open it again.The flowers nodded their heads as if to greet us.The frogs began their concert.Repetition : repeating words or phrasesWords or phrases are repeated throughout the text to emphasise certain facts or ideas.Examples:Down, down, down. Would the fall never come to an end! ?I wonder how many miles I've fallen by this time?? she said aloud. […]Down, d own, down. There was nothing else to do, so Alice soon began talking again. […] (5)America, at its best, matches a commitment to principle with a concern for civility. A civil society demands from each of us good will and respect, fair dealing and forgiveness. […] America, at its best, is also courageous. Our national courage […]America, at its best, is compassionate. In the quiet of American conscience, we know that deep, persistent poverty is unworthy of our nation's promise. […] (2)Rhetorical Question : question without a direct answerThe author / speaker raises a question, but doesn't answer it directly as he/she sees the answer (usually Yes or No) as obvious.Rhetorical questions are used to provoke, emphasise or argue.Examples:When public money brings windfalls to a few, why should the state not take a share? (6)But was the best way to win them over to threaten to ignore them altogether? Like so many things this week, the adminitstration's diplomacy needs a smoother touch. (6) (Note that thesentence following the question is not an answer to it.)Simile : direct comparisonTwo things are compared directly by using 'like' (A is like B.).Other possibilities are for example:A is (not) like BA is more/less than BA is as … as BA is similar to BA is …, so is BA does …, so does BExamples:conrete box-style buildings are spreading like inkblots (3)The rabbit-hole went straight on like a tunnel (5)Personality is to a man what perfume is to a flower. (Charles Schwab)My friend is as good as gold.Synechdoche is some kind of generalization or specification that uses a part, a member or a characteristic of what is meant. The following possibilities are common:Part used instead of the wholeExample:Turning our long boat round […] on the last morning required all hands on deck… (hands = people) (4)Whole used instead of a partExample:Specific term used instead of a general one:Example:A statement is deliberately weakened to sound ironical or softened to sound more polite.Note that understatement is a common feature of the English language (especially British English) used in everyday-life situations.Examples:I know a little about running a company. (a successful businessman might modestly say.)I think we have slightly different opinions on this topic. (instead of: I don't agree with you at all.)。