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intermediate counting probability "Intermediate Counting Probability"Counting and probability are two essential branches of mathematics that often go hand in hand. It is through counting that we can determine the number of possible outcomes in a given scenario, and probability allows us to analyze the likelihood of certain outcomes occurring. In this article, we will explore some intermediate concepts in counting and probability, providing step-by-step explanations and examples along the way.1. Combinations and Permutations:Combinations and permutations are fundamental concepts in counting. Both involve determining the number of ways to arrange or select elements from a set, but they differ in terms of whether the order of the elements matters.- Permutations: Permutations refer to the arrangement of elements in a specific order. For example, consider a set of three letters, A, B, and C. The number of permutations of these letters is obtained by multiplying the number of choices at each step: 3 choices for the first letter, 2 choices for the second letter (asrepetition is not allowed), and 1 choice for the last letter. Therefore, the total number of permutations is 3x2x1 = 6.- Combinations: Combinations, on the other hand, refer to the selection of elements without considering the order. Using the same set of letters, A, B, and C, the number of combinations of two letters can be found by determining the number of permutations and dividing it by the number of ways the selected elements can be arranged. In this case, there are 6 permutations and 2 ways to arrange each selection (AB and BA are considered the same combination). Thus, the number of combinations is 6/2 = 3.2. The Fundamental Counting Principle:The Fundamental Counting Principle allows us to calculate the total number of outcomes in a series of events. It states that if one event can occur in m ways and another event can occur in n ways, then the two events together can occur in m x n ways.For example, suppose you have two shirts (red and blue) and three pairs of pants (black, khaki, and denim). To determine the number of possible outfits, we can apply the FundamentalCounting Principle. Since there are two choices for shirts and three choices for pants, the total number of outfits is 2 x 3 = 6.3. Probability and Counting:Probability is the likelihood of an event occurring and is often expressed as a fraction or decimal between 0 and 1. Counting plays a crucial role in determining probabilities.- Probability of Single Events: The probability of a single event A occurring is given by the ratio of the number of favorable outcomes to the number of total possible outcomes. For instance, if a fair six-sided die is rolled, the probability of rolling a 4 is 1/6 because there is only one favorable outcome (4) out of six possible outcomes (1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6).- Probability of Multiple Events: When multiple events occur in a sequence, the probabilities can be multiplied together. Consider a bag with three red marbles and two blue marbles. If two marbles are drawn without replacement, the probability of drawing a red marble on the first attempt is 3/5, and the probability of drawing another red marble on the second attempt (assuming the first marble is not replaced) is 2/4. Thus, the probability of drawing twored marbles in succession is (3/5) x (2/4) = 3/10.In conclusion, intermediate counting and probability involve concepts such as combinations, permutations, the Fundamental Counting Principle, and the calculation of probabilities for single and multiple events. These concepts play a crucial role in solving various real-world problems, including those in statistics, finance, and engineering. Developing a strong understanding of these principles is essential for anyone seeking to excel in mathematics and related fields.。
CATTI三级笔译综合能力考试试题及答案解析(一)一、Vocabulary Selection（本大题15小题．每题1.0分，共15.0分。
In this part, there are 20 incomplete sentences. Below each sentence, there are four words or phrases respectively marked by letters A, B, C and D. Choose the word or phrase which best completes each sentence. There is only one right answer. ）第1题Since writing home to their parents for money, they had lived________hope.A inB forC onD through【正确答案】：A【本题分数】：1.0分【答案解析】固定搭配。
live in hope生活在希望中；live for为……而生活，盼望；live on 继续生活，以……为主食，靠……生活；live through度过，经受过；根据句意应填A。
第2题________get older, the games they play become increasingly complex.A ChildrenB Children, when theyC As childrenD For children to【正确答案】：C【本题分数】：1.0分【答案解析】语法应用。
本句逗号前是状语从句，空白处应填连词；主句主语是the games，因此选项A、B、D均不对；只有as“随着”符合句意，所以C为答案。
第3题Martin has created enough memorable ________to make it easy to forgive his lows.A youngstersB noblesC highsD miserables【正确答案】：C【本题分数】：1.0分【答案解析】固定搭配。
怎样防止地震发生英文作文How to Prevent Earthquakes。
Earthquakes are one of the most devastating natural disasters that can occur, causing widespread destruction and loss of life. While we cannot prevent earthquakes from happening, there are steps that can be taken to reducetheir impact and prevent damage. In this essay, we will explore some of the ways in which earthquakes can be prevented.One of the most effective ways to prevent earthquakesis to reduce the amount of stress on the Earth's crust. This can be done by limiting the amount of groundwater that is pumped out of the ground, as this can cause the ground to sink and put pressure on the underlying rock formations. Similarly, the construction of large dams can also cause stress on the Earth's crust, and so the placement and design of these structures should be carefully considered.Another important factor in preventing earthquakes isto monitor and regulate the extraction of natural resources such as oil and gas. These activities can cause changes to the Earth's crust that can trigger earthquakes, so it is important to ensure that they are carried out in a responsible and sustainable manner.In addition to these measures, there are a number of engineering solutions that can be employed to mitigate the effects of earthquakes. For example, buildings can be designed to withstand seismic activity by using materials that are flexible and can absorb the shock of an earthquake. Similarly, bridges and other infrastructure can be builtwith earthquake-resistant features such as shock absorbers and reinforced concrete.Education and awareness are also important inpreventing the impact of earthquakes. People who live in earthquake-prone areas should be educated on how to prepare for an earthquake and what to do in the event of one. This includes having emergency supplies on hand, such as food, water, and first aid kits, and knowing how to safelyevacuate a building or area.Finally, governments and organizations can work together to develop and implement effective disaster management plans that can be activated in the event of an earthquake. These plans should include measures such as evacuation routes, emergency shelters, and communication systems to ensure that people are informed and safe during and after an earthquake.In conclusion, while we cannot prevent earthquakes from occurring, there are steps that can be taken to reducetheir impact and prevent damage. By reducing stress on the Earth's crust, regulating natural resource extraction, employing engineering solutions, educating people, and developing disaster management plans, we can work towards a safer and more resilient future.。
Business Decision AnalysisReview Sections-ChoiceChapter 01Which of the following terms is interchangeable with quantitative analysis?A) management scienceB) economicsC) financial analysisD) statisticsE) None of the aboveWho is credited with pioneering the principles of the scientific approach to management?A) Adam SmithB) Henri FayolC) John R. LockeD) Frederick W. TaylorE) Charles BabbageA(n) ________ is a representation of reality or a real-life situation.A) objectiveB) modelC) analysisD) algorithmE) None of the aboveA set of logical and mathematical operations performed in a specific sequence is calleda(n)A) complete enumeration.B) diagnostic analysis.C) algorithm.D) objective.E) None of the aboveThe ability to examine the variability of a solution due to changes in the formulation of a problem is an important part of the analysis of the results. This type of analysis is called ________ analysis.A) sensitivityB) implicitC) normalD) scaleE) objectiveWhich of the following is not one of the steps in the quantitative analysis approach?A) Defining the ProblemB) Developing a SolutionC) Observing a hypothesisD) Testing a SolutionE) Implementing the ResultsThe condition of improper data yielding misleading results is referred to asA) garbage in, garbage out.B) break-even point.C) uncontrollable variable.D) postoptimality.E) None of the aboveExpressing profits through the relationship among unit price, fixed costs, and variable costs is an example ofA) a sensitivity analysis model.B) a quantitative analysis model.C) a postoptimality relationship.D) a parameter specification model.E) None of the aboveChapter 02The classical method of determining probability isA) subjective probability.B) marginal probability.C) objective probability.D) joint probability.E) conditional probability.Subjective probability assessments depend onA) the total number of trials.B) the relative frequency of occurrence.C) the number of occurrences of the event.D) experience and judgment.E) None of the aboveIf two events are mutually exclusive, thenA) their probabilities can be added.B) they may also be collectively exhaustive.C) the joint probability is equal to 0.D) if one occurs, the other cannot occur.E) All of the aboveA ________ is a numerical statement about the likelihood that an event will occur.A) mutually exclusive constructB) collectively exhaustive constructC) varianceD) probabilityE) standard deviationA conditional probability P(B|A) is equal to its marginal probability P(B) ifA) it is a joint probability.B) statistical dependence exists.C) statistical independence exists.D) the events are mutually exclusive.E) P(A) =P(B).The equation P(A|B) = P(AB)/P(B) isA) the marginal probability.B) the formula for a conditional probability.C) the formula for a joint probability.D) only relevant when events A and B are collectively exhaustive.E) None of the aboveBayes' theorem is used to calculateA) revised probabilities.B) joint probabilities.C) prior probabilities.D) subjective probabilities.E) marginal probabilities.If P(A) = 0.3, P(B) = 0.2, P(A and B) = 0.0 , what can be said about events A and B?A) They are independent.B) They are mutually exclusive.C) They are posterior probabilities.D) None of the aboveE) All of the above"The probability of event B, given that event A has occurred" is known as a ________ probability.A) continuousB) marginalC) simpleD) jointE) conditionalWhen does P(A|B) = P(A)?A) when A and B are mutually exclusiveB) when A and B are statistically independentC) when A and B are statistically dependentD) when A and B are collectively exhaustiveE) when P(B) = 0Chapter 03An analytic and systematic approach to the study of decision making is referred to asA) decision making under risk.B) decision making under uncertainty.C) decision theory.D) decision analysis.E) decision making under certainty.Expected monetary value (EMV) isA) the average or expected monetary outcome of a decision if it can be repeated a large number of times.B) the average or expected value of the decision, if you know what would happen ahead of time.C) the average or expected value of information if it were completely accurate.D) the amount you would lose by not picking the best alternative.E) a decision criterion that places an equal weight on all states of nature.Which of the following is not considered a criteria for decision making under uncertainty?A) optimisticB) pessimisticC) equally likelyD) random selectionE) minimax regretA pessimistic decision making criterion isA) maximax.B) equally likely.C) maximin.D) decision making under certainty.E) minimax regret.Which of the following is true about the expected value of perfect information?A) It is the amount you would pay for any sample study.B) It is calculated as EMV minus EOL.C) It is calculated as expected value with perfect information minus maximum EMV.D) It is the amount charged for marketing research.E) None of the aboveWhich of the following is not a characteristic of a good decision?A) based on logicB) considers all available dataC) considers all possible alternativesD) employs appropriate quantitative techniquesE) always results in a favorable outcomeThe following is a payoff table giving profits for various situations.What decision would an optimist make?A) Alternative 1B) Alternative 2C) Alternative 3D) Do NothingE) State of Nature AThe following is a payoff table giving profits for various situations.What decision would a pessimist make?A) Alternative 1B) Alternative 2C) Alternative 3D) Do NothingE) State of Nature AThe following is an opportunity loss table.What decision should be made based on the minimax regret criterion?A) Alternative 1B) Alternative 2C) Alternative 3D) State of Nature AE) Does not matterThe following is an opportunity loss table.What decision should be made based on the minimax regret criterion?A) Alternative 1B) Alternative 2C) Alternative 3D) State of Nature CE) Does not matterThe following is a payoff table.What decision should be made based on the minimax regret criterion?A) Alternative 1B) Alternative 2C) Alternative 3D) State of Nature CE) Does not matterThe following is a payoff table.What decision should be made based on the minimax regret criterion?A) Alternative 1B) Alternative 2C) Alternative 3D) State of Nature CE) Does not matterChapter 04Which of the following statements is true regarding a scatter diagram?A) It provides very little information about the relationship between the regression variables.B) It is a plot of the independent and dependent variables.C) It is a line chart of the independent and dependent variables.D) It has a value between -1 and +1.E) It gives the percent of variation in the dependent variable that is explained by the independent variable.The random error in a regression equationA) is the predicted error.B) includes both positive and negative terms.C) will sum to a large positive number.D) is used the estimate the accuracy of the slope.E) is maximized in a least squares regression model.Which of the following equalities is correct?A) SST = SSR + SSEB) SSR = SST + SSEC) SSE = SSR + SSTD) SST = SSC + SSRE) SSE = Actual Value - Predicted ValueWhich of the following statements is true about r2?A) It is also called the coefficient of correlation.B) It is also called the coefficient of determination.C) It represents the percent of variation in X that is explained by Y.D) It represents the percent of variation in the error that is explained by Y.E) It ranges in value from -1 to + 1.The coefficient of determination resulting from a particular regression analysis was 0.85. What was the slope of the regression line?A) 0.85B) -0.85C) 0.922D) There is insufficient information to answer the question.E) None of the aboveThe diagram below illustrates data with aA) negative correlation coefficient.B) zero correlation coefficient.C) positive correlation coefficient.D) correlation coefficient equal to +1.E) None of the aboveThe correlation coefficient resulting from a particular regression analysis was 0.25. What was the coefficient of determination?A) 0.5B) -0.5C) 0.0625D) There is insufficient information to answer the question.E) None of the aboveIn a good regression model the residual plot showsA) a cone pattern.B) an arched pattern.C) a random pattern.D) an increasing pattern.E) a decreasing pattern.Chapter 05Which of the following is not classified as a qualitative forecasting model?A) exponential smoothingB) Delphi methodC) jury of executive opinionD) sales force compositeE) consumer market surveyA judgmental forecasting technique that uses decision makers, staff personnel, and respondent to determine a forecast is calledA) exponential smoothing.B) the Delphi method.C) jury of executive opinion.D) sales force composite.E) consumer market survey.Which of the following statements about scatter diagrams is true?A) Time is always plotted on the y-axis.B) It can depict the relationship among three variables simultaneously.C) It is helpful when forecasting with qualitative data.D) The variable to be forecasted is placed on the y-axis.E) It is not a good tool for understanding time-series data.Enrollment in a particular class for the last four semesters has been 120, 126, 110, and 130. Suppose a one-semester moving average was used to forecast enrollment (this is sometimes referred to as a naïve forecast). Thus, the forecast for the second semester would be 120, for the third semester it would be 126, and for the last semester it would be 110. What would the MSE be for this situation?A) 196.00B) 230.67C) 100.00D) 42.00E) None of the aboveWhich of the following methods gives an indication of the percentag e of forecast error?A) MADB) MSEC) MAPED) decompositionE) biasDaily demand for newspapers for the last 10 days has been as follows: 12, 13, 16, 15, 12, 18, 14, 12, 13, 15 (listed from oldest to most recent). Forecast sales for the next day using atwo-day moving average.A) 14B) 13C) 15D) 28E) 12.5As one increases the number of periods used in the calculation of a moving average,A) greater emphasis is placed on more recent data.B) less emphasis is placed on more recent data.C) the emphasis placed on more recent data remains the same.D) it requires a computer to automate the calculations.E) one is usually looking for a long-term prediction.Enrollment in a particular class for the last four semesters has been 122, 128, 100, and 155 (listed from oldest to most recent). The best forecast of enrollment next semester, based on a three-semester moving average, would beA) 116.7.B) 126.3.C) 168.3.D) 135.0.E) 127.7.Sales for boxes of Girl Scout cookies over a 4-month period were forecasted as follows: 100, 120, 115, and 123. The actual results over the 4-month period were as follows: 110, 114, 119, 115. What was the MAD of the 4-month forecast?A) 0B) 5C) 7D) 108E) None of the aboveSales for boxes of Girl Scout cookies over a 4-month period were forecasted as follows: 100, 120, 115, and 123. The actual results over the 4-month period were as follows: 110, 114, 119, 115. What was the MSE of the 4-month forecast?A) 0B) 5C) 7D) 108E) None of the aboveDaily demand for newspapers for the last 10 days has been as follows: 12, 13, 16, 15, 12, 18, 14, 12, 13, 15 (listed from oldest to most recent). Forecast sales for the next day using a three-day weighted moving average where the weights are 3, 1, and 1 (the highest weight isfor the most recent number).A) 12.8B) 13.0C) 70.0D) 14.0E) None of the aboveDaily demand for newspapers for the last 10 days has been as follows: 12, 13, 16, 15, 12, 18, 14, 12, 13, 15 (listed from oldest to most recent). Forecast sales for the next day using a two-day weighted moving average where the weights are 3 and 1 areA) 14.5.B) 13.5.C) 14.D) 12.25.E) 12.75.Which of the following is not considered to be one of the components of a time series?A) trendB) seasonalityC) varianceD) cyclesE) random variationsChapter 06InventoryA) is any stored resource used to satisfy current or future need.B) includes raw materials, work-in-process, and finished goods.C) levels for finished goods are a direct function of demand.D) needs from raw materials through finished goods can be reasonably determined, once finished goods demand is determined.E) All of the aboveWhich of the following is not a use of inventory?A) the decoupling functionB) quantity discountsC) irregular supply and demandD) the translucent functionE) to avoid stockouts and shortagesIn making inventory decisions, the purpose of the basic EOQ model is toA) minimize carrying costs.B) minimize ordering costs.C) minimize the sum of carrying costs and ordering costs.D) minimize customer dissatisfaction.E) minimize stock on hand.Which of the following is not considered a significant inventory cost?A) cost of production laborB) purchase costC) cost of stockoutsD) cost of carrying an itemE) cost of orderingWhich of the following is part of the determination of EOQ?A) cost of production laborB) cost of stockoutsC) purchase costD) annual demandE) total revenueWhich of the following factors is (are) not included in ordering cost?A) bill payingB) obsolescenceC) purchasing department overhead costsD) inspecting incoming inventoryE) developing and sending purchase ordersWhich of the following factors is (are) not included in carrying cost?A) spoilageB) obsolescenceC) cost of capitalD) inspecting incoming inventoryE) warehousing overhead costsAs the service level increases,A) carrying cost increases at an increasing rate.B) carrying cost increases at a decreasing rate.C) carrying cost decreases at a decreasing rate.D) carrying cost decreases at an increasing rate.E) None of the aboveWhich of the following is not an assumption for the basic EOQ model?A) Only an integer number of orders can be made each year.B) Quantity discounts are not possible.C) Inventory receipt is instantaneous (all at once).D) With orders placed at the correct time, there will be no shortages.E) Demand is known.For the basic EOQ model, which of the following relationships is not true?A) The optimal number of orders per year equals annual demand divided by the EOQ.B) The reorder point equals daily demand multiplied by the lead-time in days, excluding safety stock.C) Average inventory level equals one-half the order size.D) The average dollar level of inventory equals unit price multiplied by order quantity.E) At EOQ, annual ordering cost equals annual carrying cost.The EOQ model without the instantaneous receipt assumption is commonly called theA) quantity discount model.B) safety stock model.C) planned shortage model.D) production run model.E) None of the aboveSensitivity analysis of EOQ refers toA) the attitude of top management toward the use of the EOQ model.B) analysis of how much the EOQ will change if different input values are used.C) an assessment of the impact of obsolescence upon the EOQ.D) a study of the impact of storing incompatible products in the same warehouse.E) analysis of the impact of stock shortages on customers or on production. Chapter 07A widely used mathematical programming technique designed to help managers and decision making relative to resource allocation is called ________.A) linear programmingB) computer programmingC) constraint programmingD) goal programmingE) None of the aboveTypical resources of an organization include ________.A) machinery usageB) labor volumeC) warehouse space utilizationD) raw material usageE) All of the aboveWhich of the following is not a property of all linear programming problems?A) the presence of restrictionsB) optimization of some objectiveC) a computer programD) alternate courses of action to choose fromE) usage of only linear equations and inequalitiesA feasible solution to a linear programming problemA) must be a corner point of the feasible region.B) must satisfy all of the problem's constraints simultaneously.C) need not satisfy all of the constraints, only the non-negativity constraints.D) must give the maximum possible profit.E) must give the minimum possible cost.Infeasibility in a linear programming problem occurs whenA) there is an infinite solution.B) a constraint is redundant.C) more than one solution is optimal.D) the feasible region is unbounded.E) there is no solution that satisfies all the constraints given.In a maximization problem, when one or more of the solution variables and the profit can be made infinitely large without violating any constraints, the linear program hasA) an infeasible solution.B) an unbounded solution.C) a redundant constraint.D) alternate optimal solutions.E) None of the aboveWhich of the following is not a part of every linear programming problem formulation?A) an objective functionB) a set of constraintsC) non-negativity constraintsD) a redundant constraintE) maximization or minimization of a linear functionWhen appropriate, the optimal solution to a maximization linear programming problem can be found by graphing the feasible region andA) finding the profit at every corner point of the feasible region to see which one gives the highest value.B) moving the isoprofit lines towards the origin in a parallel fashion until the last point in the feasible region is encountered.C) locating the point that is highest on the graph.D) None of the aboveE) All of the aboveThe mathematical theory behind linear programming states that an optimal solution to any problem will lie at a(n) ________ of the feasible region.A) interior point or centerB) maximum point or minimum pointC) corner point or extreme pointD) interior point or extreme pointE) None of the aboveWhich of the following is not a property of linear programs?A) one objective functionB) at least two separate feasible regionsC) alternative courses of actionD) one or more constraintsE) objective function and constraints are linearThe corner point solution methodA) will always provide one, and only one, optimum.B) will yield different results from the isoprofit line solution method.C) requires that the profit from all corners of the feasible region be compared.D) requires that all corners created by all constraints be compared.E) will not provide a solution at an intersection or corner where a non-negativity constraint is involved.When a constraint line bounding a feasible region has the same slope as an isoprofit line,A) there may be more than one optimum solution.B) the problem involves redundancy.C) an error has been made in the problem formulation.D) a condition of infeasibility exists.E) None of the aboveChapter 08Using linear programming to maximize audience exposure in an advertising campaign is an example of the type of linear programming application known asA) media selection.B) marketing research.C) portfolio assessment.D) media budgeting.E) All of the aboveThe following does not represent a factor a manager might typically consider when employing linear programming for a production scheduling:A) labor capacity.B) space limitations.C) product demand.D) risk assessment.E) inventory costs.Media selection problems are typically approached with LP by eitherA) maximizing audience exposure or maximizing number of ads per time period.B) maximizing the number of different media or minimizing advertising costs.C) minimizing the number of different media or minimizing advertising costs.D) maximizing audience exposure or minimizing advertising costs.E) minimizing audience exposure or minimizing advertising costs.Which of the following is considered a decision variable in the media selection problem of maximizing audience exposure?A) the amount spent on each ad typeB) what types of ads to offerC) the number of ads of each typeD) the overall advertising budgetE) None of the aboveWhich of the following is considered a decision variable in the media selection problem of minimizing interview costs in surveying?A) the number of people to survey in each market segmentB) the overall survey budgetC) the total number surveyedD) the number of people to conduct interviewsE) None of the aboveWhich of the following is considered a decision variable in the production mix problem of maximizing profit?A) the amount of raw material to purchase for productionB) the number of product types to offerC) the selling price of each productD) the amount of each product to produceE) None of the aboveLinear programming is usually used by managers involved in portfolio selection toA) maximize return on investment.B) maximize investment limitations.C) maximize risk.D) minimize risk.E) minimize expected return on investment.The selection of specific investments from among a wide variety of alternatives is the type of LP problem known asA) the product mix problem.B) the investment banker problem.C) the Wall Street problem.D) the portfolio selection problem.E) None of the aboveChapter 11If your goal was to construct a network in which all points were connected and the distance between them was as short as possible, the technique that you would use isA) shortest-route.B) maximal-flow.C) shortest-spanning tree.D) minimal-flow.E) minimal-spanning tree.The maximal-flow technique would best be usedA) to assign workers to jobs in the cheapest manner.B) to determine the number of units to ship from each source to each destination.C) to determine LAN network wiring within a building.D) to maximize traffic flow on a busy highway.E) by a trucking company making frequent but repeatable drops.A technique that allows a researcher to determine the greatest amount of material that can move through a network is calledA) maximal-flow.B) maximal-spanning.C) shortest-route.D) maximal-tree.The first step in the maximal-flow technique is toA) pick the node with the maximum flow.B) pick any path with some flow.C) eliminate any node that has a zero flow.D) add a dummy flow from the start to the finish.E) None of the aboveThe shortest-route technique would best be used to ________A) assign workers to jobs in the cheapest manner.B) determine the number of units to ship from each source to each destination.C) determine the amount of LAN network wiring within a building.D) minimize the amount of traffic flow on a busy highway.E) determine the path for a truck making frequent but repeatable drops.When using the shortest-route technique, the first step is toA) connect the nearest node that minimizes the total distance to the origin.B) trace the path from the warehouse to the plant.C) determine the average distance traveled from source to end.D) find the nearest node to the origin and put a distance box by the node.E) None of the aboveThe shortest-route technique might be logically used forA) finding the longest time to travel between two points.B) finding the shortest travel distance between two points.C) finding the most scenic route to allow travel to several places during a trip on spring break.D) connecting all the points of a network together while minimizing the distance between them.E) None of the aboveAll the nodes must be connected in which of the following techniques?A) minimal-flowB) maximal-spanning treeC) shortest-routeD) maximal-flowE) minimal-spanning treeThe minimal-spanning tree technique would best be usedA) by a forest ranger seeking to minimize the risk of forest fires.B) by a telephone company attempting to lay out wires in a new housing development.C) by an airline laying out flight routes.D) None of the aboveE) All of the aboveThe maximal-flow technique might be usedA) to help design the moving sidewalks transporting passengers from one terminal to another in a busy airport.B) by someone designing the traffic approaches to an airport.C) by someone attempting to design roads that would limit the flow of traffic through an area.D) All of the aboveE) None of the aboveThe shortest-route technique would best be used toA) plan the routes for a vacation driving tour.B) plan the route for a school bus.C) determine the path for a truck making frequent runs from a factory to a warehouse.D) All of the aboveE) None of the aboveGiven the following distances between destination nodes, what is the minimum distanceA) 450B) 150C) 350D) 650E) None of the aboveGiven the following distances between destination nodes, what is the minimum distanceA) 100B) 750C) 850D) 900E) None of the aboveA) 650B) 450C) 550D) 500E) 800A) 750B) 500C) 550D) 600E) 50Chapter 12The critical path of a network is theA) shortest time path through the network.B) path with the fewest activities.C) path with the most activities.D) longest time path through the network.E) None of the aboveIn a PERT network, the earliest (activity) start time is theA) earliest time that an activity can be finished without delaying the entire project.B) latest time that an activity can be started without delaying the entire project.C) earliest time that an activity can start without violation of precedence requirements.D) latest time that an activity can be finished without delaying the entire project.E) None of the aboveSlack time in a network is theA) amount of time that an activity would take assuming very unfavorable conditions.B) shortest amount of time that could be required to complete the activity.C) amount of time that you would expect it would take to complete the activity.D) difference between the expected completion time of the project using pessimistic times and the expected completion time of the project using optimistic times.E) amount of time that an activity can be delayed without delaying the entire proj ect.The first step in planning and scheduling a project is to develop the ________.A) employee scheduling planB) PERT/CPM network diagramC) critical pathD) work breakdown structureE) variance calculations for each activity。
