2018年教师招聘考试:中小学英语教师基础知识考试试题及答案
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用2018年安徽省中小学新任教师公开招聘考试中学英语考生注意事项:1.答题前,务必在试题卷,答题卡规定的地方填写自己的姓名、考点、准考证、座号。
同时在答题卡背面左下角填写姓名和座号,每个书写框只能填写一个阿拉伯数字,要求字体工整,笔迹清晰。
2.请考生认真核对答题卡上所粘贴的条形码中姓名、准考证号、座号与本人姓名,准考证号、座号是否一致。
3.答题前,请仔细阅读答题卡上注意事项的要求。
答选择题时,2B铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的 答案标号涂黑。
如需改动,用橡皮棕干净后,再选涂其他符号。
4.答其他题目时,必须使用0.5毫米的黑色墨水签字笔在答题卡上书写,要求字体工整、笔迹清晰。
必须在题号所指示的答题区域作答,超出答题区域书写的答案无效,在试题卷、草稿纸上答题无效。
5.考试结束,务必将试卷和答题卡一并上交。
6.本考试为闭卷考试。
满分120分,考试时间150分钟。
I.单项填空(共15小题,每小题1分,满分15分)从每小题所给的A 、B 、C 、D 四个选项中,选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
1.I took my daughter to the amusement park last Sunday. we had together there.A.What good timeB.What a good timeC.How good timeD.How a good2.-Why not live in your new house ?-Sounds a good idea ,but it.It wil be OK next month.A. will paintB.had paintedC.is being paintedD.has beendoctor.you should be doing these exercises,consult yourattention on your work.you change your mind,the less likely you are to focus your3.I f you are curious about the history of our school or concerned about the future,you miss the excellent opportunity.A.m ayB.needn'tC.couldD.mustn't4.after carefully,the plant can live through the winter.A.LookedB.LookingC.To lookD.Having looked5.N o sooner down to relax than her smartphone rang.A.Alice satB.sat AliceC.does Alice sitD.had Alice sat6.L ife in the city is tough for a parent kids aren't keeping up in school.A.h isB.of whomC.whoseD.of which7.一How amazing!You can't imagine一Really?little animals can eat much food.A.such;soB.such;suchC.so;suchD.so;so8.G eorge Orwell is best known for his two novels,Animal Farm and1984,were written and published toward the end of his life.of whichA.a llB.bothC.eachD.either9.I f you are in any doubt as toA.t hatB.ifC.whateverD.whether10.A.As my dad is known to only a few people in the town,his reputation among them is great.B.SinceC.WhileD.Unless11.Some people thinkmost frequentB.most frequentlyC.the, A. m ore frequentD.the more frequently12. It's 20years since I left my hometown ;it has changedA. a boveB.beyondC.withinmy recognition.D.over13. If youdifficulty now.to Mr .Smith more carefully ,you could work out the problem without anyA. l istenedB.listenC.had listenedD.have listened14. What is the relationship between "furniture"and "table"?A. AntonymyB. HyponymyC. PolysemyD. Synonymy15. The novel, Wuthering Heights, was written by.A. Emily BronteC. Jane AustenB. James JoyceD. Robert BrowningⅡ.完形填空(共15小题,每小题1分,满分15分)阅读下面短文,从短文后每小题所给的A 、B 、C 、D 四个选项中,选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
2018 年上半年中小学教师资格考试英语学科知识与教学能力试题(高级中学)注意事项:1.考试时间120 分钟,满分150 分。
2.请按规定时间在填涂、作答。
在试卷上作答无效,不予评分。
一、单项选择题(本大题共30 小题,每小题 2 分,共60 分)在每小题列出的四个备选项中选择一个最佳答案,请用2B 铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案字母按要求涂黑。
错选、多选或未选均无分。
1. The sound of “ch” in “ teach)e. r ” is (A. voiceless, post-alveolar, and affricativeB. voiceless, dental, and fricativeC. voiced, dental, and fricativeD. voiced, post-alveolar, and plosive2. The main difference between /m/, /n/, and / / lies in ( ).A. manner of articulationB. sound durationC. place of articulationD. voicing3. She is ( ), from her recording, the diaries of Simon Forman.A. transcribingB. keepingC. paraphrasingD. recollecting4. Neither the unpleasant experiences nor the bad luck ( ) him discouraged.A. have causedB. has causedC. has madeD. have made5. Mr. Joe has worked very hard in the past two years and has paid all his debts ( ) the last penny.A. byB. toC. untilD. with6. The message came to the villagers () the enemy had already fled the village.B. Metonymy.D. Transferred epithet. 10. — A: Lets ' go to the movie tonight.— B: I ' d like to, But I have to study for an exam.'s decline of the proposal is categorized as a kin)d. of (A. illocutionary actB. perlocutionary actC. propositional conditionD. sincerity condition11. Which of the following activities is NOT typical of the Task-Based Language Teachingmethod? A. Problem-solving activities.B. Opinion exchange activities.C. Information-gap activities.D. Pattern practice activities.12. If a teacher shows students how to do an activity before they start doing it, he/she is using thetechnique of ( ).A. presentationB.demonstrationC. elicitationD. evaluation13. When a teacher asks students to discuss how a text is organized, he/she is most likely to helpthem( ).A. evaluate the content of the textB. analyze the structure of the passageA. whichB. whoC. thatD. where 7. We must improve the farming method () we may get high yields. A. in caseB. in order thatC. now thatD. even if8. — Do you mind if I smoke here? —( ).A. Yes, I don 'tB. Yes, you mayC. No, not at all9.What is the main rhetoric device used in ) D. Yes, 1 won 't The plowman “ homeward plods his weary way. ” ? ( A. Metaphor. C. Synecdoche.In the conversation above, BC. understand the intention of the writerD. distinguish the facts from the opinions14. Which of the following practices can encourage students to read an article critically?( ) A.Evaluating its point of view.B. Finding out the facts.C. Finding detailed information.D. Doing translation exercises.15. Which of the following is a display question used by teachers in class?( ) A. If you werethe girl in the story, would you behave like her?B. Do you like this story Girl the Thumb , why or why not?C. Do you agree that the girl was a kind-hearted persen?D. What happened to the girl at the end of the story?16. Which of the following would a teacher encourage students to do in order to develop their cognitive strategies? ( )A. To make a study plan.B. To summarize a story.C. To read a text aloud.D. To do pattem drills.17. Which of the following exercises would a teacher most probably use if he/she wants to help students develop discourse competence? A. Paraphrasing sentences.B. Translating sentences.C. Unscrambling sentences.D. Transforming sentences.18. The advantages of pair and group work include all of the following EXCEPT ( ).A. interaction with peersB. variety and dynamismC. an increase in language practiceD. opportunities to guarantee accuracy19. Which of the following should a teacher avoid when his/her focus is on developing students ability to use words appropriately? ( )A. Teaching both the spoken and written form.B. Teaching words in context and giving examples.C. Presenting the form, meaning, and use of a word.D. Asking students to memorize bilingual word lists.20. Which of the following practices is most likely to encourage students ' cooperation i()A. Doing a project C. Taking a test 阅读Passage 1, 完成第 21~25 小题。
i'm sorry I broke your teapot_____I have another oneA. Be careful.B. Thats OKC With pleasureD. Thats right参考答案B2. ---do you mind if I ask you some questions?_____But I am occupied at the momentA.NO,go aheadB Yes, pleaseC. No problemD. Never mind参考答案:C3, We should bear in mind___have set out and make our effort to achieve greate achievement in the new era.A.whatB.thatC whereD. When参考答案:B4.By no means__B_while losing sight of potential problemsA. we should rest and seek comfortB should we rest and seek comfortC. rest and seek comfort should weD. rest and seek comfort we should参考答案:B5. Over the past several decades, governments at all levels___ no efforts to improve peoples living conditionsA.spareB.sparedC had sparedD have spared参考答案:D6.____ the blueprint into reality will be a new Long March. The road ahead will be very longbut time waits for no manA. TranslateB. TranslatingC.Having translatedD Being translated参考答案:B7. No success can be compared with____ of helping your students achieve their dreamsA thatB.thoseC.itD.one参考答案:A8. Scientists in California think they may have discovered a way to____the aging processA.put asideB. put offC put out参考答案:B9. We have many manufacturing bases across the country,____ most are unmanned factoriesA. for whatB. of thatC for whichD of which参考答案:D10. Sitting by the window of the train, you can have a better____.A.sceneryB sightC. sceneD. View参考答案:AI1, china's railway technology is____to boosting integration, trade and industrialization in Africa.A.closeB.similarC. beneficialD.superior参考答案:C12. New measures are introduced to ensure that the business runs____A.smoothlyB roughlyC frequentlyD irregularly13. The excrciscis____he abilities of the students. it's too difficultA. forB beyondC. witD. Unde参考答案:B14.____you are swimming, running, or practicing yoga, regular exercise can make for a great nights sleepA. SinceB. UnlessC. AlthoughD. Whether参考答案:D15. " If winter comes, can spring be far behind"is the last line of the poem_____written by the British poet ShelleyA Ode to the westwB Ode to a nightingaleC Ode on MelancholyD Ode on intimations of immorality参考答案:A16. Which is following was written by John Steinbeck, the foremost novelist of the Great Depressingof1930s?A. The Sound and the FuryB The Great GatsbyC. The Grapes of wrathD. The Scarlet Letter17. The war between England and france that lasted intermittently from 1337 to 1453 is called____the causes of which were partly territorial and partly economicA. the Opium WarB. the Hundred years' WarC the french WarsD. The wars of the roses参考答案:B18. The consonant____an be described as voiceless, bilabial and stopA./K/B./g/C./p/D./b/参考答案:C19.暂缺20.Whictr of the following activities is Not suitable for a-warm-up activity for Children in an English class?A. Saying a rhymeB.Giving duty reportC Doing a TPR activityD. Filling in the blank参考答案:D二、阅读理解(暂缺)三.短文填词(暂缺)四.填空36.王老师在课堂上引导学生把感恩节和中秋节进行对比,这有助于学生在比较中外文化的异同中形成___增进国际理解,弘扬爱国主义精神。
2018年安徽省教师公开招聘考试(小学英语)真题试卷(总分100, 做题时间120分钟)案例题1.下面是一篇小学四年级的教学材料及其教学片段,请用中文从教学方法和活动设计两个方面进行简要评析。
教学片段1.Join us(PPT呈现MacDonald的图片)T:Who is he?Ss:He is MacDonald.T:Yes.He has a new farm now.He is very busy. And he wants a helper.Do you want to have a try?Ss:Yes.T:OK.Let’s get on the bus and go to MacDonald’s farm.2.Listen and Guess(播放音频,通过听动物的声音,带领学生复习学过的动物pig,duck,dog,cat等词汇,并用句型What’s this/that?It’s a…进行操练。
)3.Ask and Answer(PFF分别呈现马、鸡、羊、牛的图片,问学生What’s this?引出horse,hen,sheep,cow并进行板书,然后利用一群马、鸡、羊、牛的图片,引出名词的复数horses,hens,sheep,cows,并用句型What are these/those?They are…进行问答练习。
)4.Look and Guess(PPT呈现不完整的动物图片,以猜谜语的形式引导学生操练句型What are these/those?They are horses/hens/sheep/cows.What about those?Are they horses?How many horses do you have?)5.Ask and Answer(设置面试官提问环节,用本节课重点句型What are these /those?They are…进行操练。
)6.Count and Say(设置数动物环节,让学生在数动物的过程中记忆所学单词的单复数变化。
2018江西省教师招聘小学英语笔试真题及答案第一部分客观题Ⅰ. Vocabulary and structure (Questions 1 to 20) (10分,每小题5分)1. The sounds/praiz/should match the word ______.A. prizeB. praiseC. priceD. piece2. ______ the development of science and human civilization, many formerly unimaginable things come into reality.A. ByB. WithC. ForD. One3. —The idea of building an online bookstore with millions() of titles was very ______ to me. —Yeah, I hope you can follow your heart to go for it.A. KindB. ExcitingC. ExcitedD. Happy4. As I ______, my son learned to speak English fluently before the school year was over.A. had expectedB. was expectingC. would expectD. Expected5. —You didn’t answer when I called you yesterday.—On, I ______ my favorite TV program Running Man.A. an watchingB. had watchedC. watchedD. was watching6. By recycling textbooks, the cost of the books will be() reduced greatly, and there is no doubt that it will unload some ______ of the families and students.A. budgetB. buffetC. boomD. burden7. Today we have chat rooms, text messaging, emailing... but we seem ______ the art of communicatingface-to-face.A. losingB. to be losingC. to be lostD. having lost8. —Many young people are crazy about the Korean TV series Descendants of the Sun recently.—Exactly. The series is ______ one this yearA. less popularB. popularC. the most popularD. the least popular9. Sometimes the children just ______ have someone ()with the patience and willingness to lend an ear and spare a little of their time.A. mayB. mustC. canD. need10. —Do you mind if I record your lecture?—______. Go ahead.A. Never mindB. No, you’d better notC. Not at allD. No way11. —When did you decide to be a teacher?—Let’s see. I am twenty, and I ______ to be one since() ten years ago.A. have wantedB. wantedC. had been wantingD. was wanting12. This is the website ______ I intend to add to my favorites to help me learn how to teach.A. whereB. whatC. whichD. why13. British people say “please” and “thank you” all the time ______ some people in Asia may think it unnecessary.A. whileB. whenC. untilD. since14. Not until some students failed the exam ______ how much time they had wasted.A. they realizedB. did they realizeC. did't they realizeD. they did't realize15. It is the soul singer Adele and her songs( )the students often talk about in their spare time.A. whoB. howC. whereD. that16.—This book on idioms is interesting. I'd like ( ). Where did you buy it, Simon?A. itB. thisC. thatD. one17.AS can be seen, the central government is() sparing no pains to( ) the officals' overuse of power to make a healthier party.A. keep downB. keep outC. keep offD. keep up18.I didn't understand( ),so I raised my had to ask.A. what my teacher saysB. what does my teacher saysC. what my teacher saidD. what did my teacher say19. The 31st Summer Olympics( ) in rio de Janeiro , Brazil from August 5 to 21, 2018.A. holdB. willC. have been heldD. will hold20. —Our flight is boarding now() .We'll have to part.—Don't fell blue ( )A. All that glitters is not goldB. All roads lead to Rome ()C. All good things come to an endD. All things are difficult before they are easyThe survey about childhood in the third shows that the struggle for survivals long and hard .But in the rich world. children can suffer from a different kind of poverty of the spirit.( ),one Western country alone now sees 14,000 attempted suicides(自杀)every year by children under 15,and one child in five needs psychiatric(心理)advice. There are many good things about( )in the Third World. Take to close and constant relation between children and their parent, relatives and neighbors for example. In the West, the very nature of work puts distance between ( ) and children. But in the most Third World villages mother and father do not go mikes away each day to work in offices. ( ),the child sees mother and father, relatives and neighbors working nearby and often shares in that work.A child( )in this way learns his or her role through joining in the community’s work; helping to dig or build,look after animals or babies - rather than through playing with water and sand in kindergarten, keeping pets ( )playing with dools.These children may grow up with a less oppressive sense of space and time than the western children. Their sense of days and time has a lot to do with the change of seasons and positions of the sun or the moon in the sky. Children in the rich world, on the other hand, are with their parents about being late for school times, meal times, bed times, the times of TV shows.The Third World children do not usually( )to stay indoors, still less in ()highrise apartment(公寓). Instead of dangerous roads, “keep off the grass” sign and |”don’t speak to strangers”, there is often a sense of freedom to study and play. Parents can see their children outside rather than observe them( )from ten floors up.Of course, twelve million children under five still die every year through() hunger and disease. But children in the Third World is not all bad.21.A.As usual B. For instance C. In fact D. In other words22.A .children B. Poverty C. spirit D. survival23..A. relatives B. father C. neighbors D. adults24.A. Anyhow B. However C. Instead D. Still25.A. growing up B. Living through C. playing D. working26.A. and B. but C. or D. so27.A. easiest B .earliest C. happiest D. quickest28.A. Worry B. fear C. hurry D. care29.A. dare B. expect C. have D. require30.A. anxiously B. eagerly C. angrily D. proudly3. Reading comprehension(question 31 to 45)(30分,每小题2分)That year, in the local school, there was a new math teacher, as well as some new pupils. One of the new kids was the stupidest child that anyone had ever seen. It made no difference how quickly or how slowly they tired explaining numbers to him; he would always and up saying something enormously stupid. Like two plus two was five, seven times three was twenty- seven, or a triangle ()had thirty corners, etc.Before this boy arrived, math lessons had been the most boring of all. Now they were great fun. Encouraged by the new teacher, the children would listen to the pieces of nonsense spouted by the new kids, and they would have to correct his mistakes.Whenever the new teacher asked questions, the stupid kid would() stand up but made the wrong answers, the other students all wanted to be the first to find his mistakes, and then think up the most original ways to explain them. To do this they used all kinds of stuff; sweets, playing cards, oranges, paper planes, etc. It didn’t seen like any of this bothered the new kid.However,little Lewis was sure that it was bound to make him feel sad inside. Lewis was sure he would see him crying. So, one day, he decides to follow the new kid home after school. One leaving school, the new kid walked a few minutes to a local park, and there he waited for a while, until someone came along to meet him.It was the new teacher!The teacher gave the new kid a hug, and off they went, hand in hand. Following from a distance, Lewis could hear they were talking about math.45. The math lessons became interesting because of the new teache r’s( ).A. CreativityB. ImaginationC. ResponsibilityD. Curiosity32. What does the passage imply?( ).A. The stupid student was not good at math.B. The stupid student was by no means slow in math.C. The stupid students had no gift for math and was slow in math.D. The stupid student dislike both the new math teacher and ()his lessons.33. Why did Lewis follow the stupid kid?A. He wanted to0 learn about where he lives.B. He wanted to find out if he felt upset.C. He wanted to say something to comfort() him.D. He wanted to make friends with him.34. What does the underlined word ”this” in the third paragraph refer to?A. To find the new kid’s mistakes.B. To think up the most original way to explain,C. To use all kind of stuff.D. To follow him home after school.35. What would be the best title foe the passage?A. The learning MethodB. The stupidest ChildC. The New Teacher’s strategyD. The challenging JobBA proverb from ancient China was widely spread in the west; if you want to be happy for a few hours, go to get drunk; if you want the happiness to last three years, get married; if you want a lifetime happiness,take up gardening. The reason for the last choices is this: gardening is not only useful, it helps you to identify yourself withnature, and thus brings you new joy each day besides improving your health.A research for a US university that I have read ()gives a definition of happiness as what makes a person feel comfortable pleased. To put it simpl y, happiness is an active state of mind where one thinks one’s life is meaningful, satisfactory and comfortable. This should be something lasting rather than temporary.Lots of people regard it the happiest to be at leisure. But according to the study, it is not a person with plenty of leisure but one at work that feels happy, especially those busy with work having little time for leisure. Happiness does not spell gains which one is after but a desire to harvest what one is seeking for. People often do not cherish what they already have but ()yearn(渴望) for what they can not get. That is somewhat like a man indulging(沉湎于) in dreams of numerous lovers while unwilling to settle down with the woman beside him. Happiness is a game balancing between two ends---what one has and what one wishes for. E.g. One’s dream and the possibility to realize it. The study comes to this conclusion. A happy man is one who aims high but never forgets his actual situation: one who meets challenges ()that tap his ability and potential; one who is proud of his achievements. He has self-respect and self-confidence; treasures his own identity and loves freedom. He is sociable and enjoys wide-range communication with others; he is helpful and ready to accept assistance, he knows he is able to bear suffering and frustrations, he is sensible enough to get fun from daily chores(杂事). He is a man capable of ()love and passion.36. According to the passage, gardening can bring lifelong happiness because ().A. It is a profitable business.B. It can strengthen a garden’s ability to remark nature.C. A garden can enjoy a very happy marriage.D. Nature is a source of joy forever.37. The research of the US university found that most people feel ()happy when they ().A. Are after their goalsB. Work as gardenersC. Are at leisureD. Have great leisure.38. The author mentions a man indulging in dreams of numerous lovers in order to ().A.show the serious problem in marriage in modern societyB. Illustrate an extreme way to achieve happinessC.criticize.those who do not cherish what they already haveD.indicate that happiness involves something beside the desire to gain39. Who is more likely to be unhappy() according to the study?A. The man who is ambitious regardless of his actual situation.B. The one who has self-esteem and has confidence in himself.C. The one who can take pleasure ()in communicating with others.D. The one who always helps others and also accepts help from others.40. From the passage we know that happiness is ().A. A transitory state of mind.B. Getting everything what one is eager for.C. A desire based on our actual situation.D. An all-working and no-leisure life.CThree years ago I listened to a lecture in cognition(认知) that()changed the way I think aboutintelligence. There are two types of cognition. The first is normal cognition: the ability to regain knowledge from memory. The second type of cognition is metacognition: the ability to know whether or not you know.Does this affect intelligent? In ()traditional education, intelligent is measured by cognitive ability. Some people can easily produce everything they know on a test. But others are awarded with poor grades considered inferior, but does this inability make them any less intelligent? If the question came up in a task, they could refer to a book or quick Google search. In reality, they’re just() as effective as the people that ace a test. They j ust can’t prove it as easily.Metacognition is more important to success than cognition. A person with poor cognitive ability, but great metacognition ability might do poorly in school, but when faced with a challenge, they understand their abilities and take the best of action. For example, when face with a question, a person with strong metacognition ability will deal with it like this. If he knows for sure that the answer, ()but can’t come up with it, he can always do a bit of research, if he knows for sure start education himself. Metacognition is more important to success than cognition. These people might not seem intelligent at first glance, but because they know what they know, they make better decisions and learn the most important things.However, people with great cognitive ability but poor metacognition ability he considered excellent at a young age for acting every test and getting great scores. Unfortunately, they know everything but they don’t. They are ()arrogant(ov erconfident), fail to learn from mistakes, and don’t understand the slight difference of personal relationship, showing disregard for persons with lower cognitive ability. They may make the worst decision.The most important mental power is the ability to know that you don’t know.. The recognition of a fault is the first step to improvement. Don’t try to hide a lack of knowledge. For intelligent people this is the toughest lesson to learn.41. People with great cognitive ability tend to ().A.do well in testsB.To be considered inferiorC.Be more effective than othersD.Do research when faced with task42. The underlined phrase” take the best course of() action” probably mean,().A. Stating education himselfB. Taking action during the courseC. Making the right decisionD. Coming up with many ideas43. People with poor metacognition may() met succeed because they().A. Lack basic normal valuesB. Have improper self evaluationC. Like to communicate with othersD. Show respect for others44. The author probably supports the idea that ().A.intelligent is measured by cognitive abilityB.Cognition is the most important mental powerC.The toughest lesson is to distinguish wish ()the two types of cognitionD.The awareness of one’s ignorance contributes to one’s improvement46. Which is TRUE according to the passage?A. The people with great cognitive ability are hard to learn from mistake.B. The people with great cognitive ability usually do poor in school.C. The people with great cognitive ability always get great scores at a young age.D. The people with great cognitive ability but poor metacognitive ability might make the worst decision.第二部分主观题一、书面表达【写作材料】实习有效的沟通,建立良好人际关系,不仅要善于言表,更要学会倾听,请根据下面思维导图所提供的信息,写一篇为“being a good listener”的英语演讲稿。
2018年福建省中小学新任教师公开招聘考试小学英语试卷(精选)考生答题注意事项:1.本试卷考试时间120分钟,满分150分。
2.本试卷分为两部分:第一部分为选择题,第二部分为非选择题。
选择题每小题选出答案后,用2B铅笔把答题卡上的相应代码涂黑。
非选择题用0.5毫米黑色签字笔并严格按照题号顺序在答题卡上书写作答,在试卷上作答无效,试卷空白处可作为草稿纸使用。
3.考试结束后,考生必须将试卷和答题卡一并交回。
4.合理安排答题空间,超出答题区域无效。
编者注:本套试卷共45小题,依次为单项选择(20小题)、阅读理解(5小题)、短文填空(10小题)、课程与教学论知识填空(5小题)、翻译题(2小题)、书面表达(1小题)、案例分析与教学设计(2小题)。
以下为精选的部分试题。
第一部分选择题一、选择题(本大题分为两个部分:单项选择和阅读理解,满分55分)(一)单项选择(共20小题,每小题2分,满分40分)从A、B、C、D四个选项中,选出一个可以填入空白处的最佳选项,并在答题卡的相应位置上涂黑。
1. —I’m sorry I broke your teapot.— ________. I have another one.A. Be carefulB. That’s OKC. With pleasureD. That’s right2. —Do you mind if I ask you some questions?—________ . But I am occupied at the moment.A. No, go aheadB. Yes, pleaseC. No problemD. Never mind3. We should bear in mind ________ we have set out for and make our efforts to achieve greater achievements in the new era.A. whatB. thatC. whereD. when4. By no means________ while losing sight of potential problems.A. we should rest and seek comfortB. should we rest and seek comfortC. rest and seek comfort should weD. rest and seek comfort we should5. Over the past several decades, governments at all levels________ no efforts to improve peo- ple’s living conditions.A. spareB. sparedC. had sparedD. have spared6.________ the blueprint into reality will be a new Long March. The road ahead will be very long but time waits for no man.A. TranslateB. TranslatingC. Having translatedD. Being translated[标签:标题]7. No success can be compared with ________ of helping your students achieve their dreams.A. thatB. thoseC. itD. one8. Scientists in California think they may have discovered a way to ________the aging process.A. put asideB. put offC. put outD. put away9. We have many manufacturing bases across the country, most________are unmanned fac- tories.A. for whatB. of thatC. for whichD. of which10. Sitting by the window of the train, you can have a better________ .A. sceneryB. sightC. sceneD. view11. China’s railway technology is________ to boosting integration, trade and industrialization in Africa.A. closeB. similarC. beneficialD. superior12. New measures are introduced to ensure that the business runs________ .A. smoothlyB. roughlyC. frequentlyD. irregularly13. The exercise is________ the abilities of the majority of the students. It’s too difficult.A. forB. beyondC. withinD. under14. ________you are swimming, running, or practicing yoga, regular exercise can make for a great night’s sleep.A. SinceB. UnlessC. AlthoughD. Whether15.“If winter comes, can spring be far behind?” is the last line of the poem________ , written by the British poet Shelley.A. Ode to the West WindB. Ode to a NightingaleC. Ode on MelancholyD. Ode on Intimations of Immorality16. Which of the following was written by John Steinbeck, the foremost novelist of the Great Depressing of 1930s?A. The Sound and the FuryB. The Great GatsbyC. The Grapes of WrathD. The Scarlet Letter[标签:标题]17. The war between England and France that lasted intermittently from 1337 to 1453 is called________, the causes of which were partly territorial and partly economic.A. the Opium WarB. the Hundred Years’ WarC. the French WarsD. the Wars of the Roses18. The consonant________ can be described as voiceless, bilabial and stop.A. /k/B. /ɡ/C. /p/D. /b/19. 缺20. Which of the following activities is NOT suitable for a warm-up activity for children in an English class?A. Saying a rhyme.B. Giving a duty report.C. Doing a TPR activity.D. Filling in the blanks.(二)阅读理解(共5小题,每小题3分,满分15分)21.~25.缺第二部分非选择题(请用0.5毫米黑色签字笔并严格按照题号顺序在答题卡上书写作答)二、填空题(本大题分为两个部分:短文填空和课程与教学论知识填空,满分30分)(一)短文填空(共10小题,每小题2分,满分20分)26.~35.缺(二)课程与教学论知识填空(共5小题,每小题2分,满分10分)根据以下内容,在每个空格内填入所缺部分,并将答案完整地填写在答题卡上。
2018年教师招聘中学英语考试试题及答案(卷一)Ⅰ.Vocabulary and Grammar 20%Directions: There are 20 incomplete sentences in the following. For each sentence there are four choices marked A, B, C and D.Choose the ONE that best completes the sentence. 1.—Could you help me do some cleaning tomorrow?—If I ( ) , I will do it.A.am freeB.will be freeC.will have timeD.had time2.Tim will call me as soon as he( )my package.A.receiveB.will receiveC.receivedD.receives3.The film was a good one, but I couldn’t understand it( )first.A.atB.withC.forD.on4. ( )away this dirty shirt and bring me a clean one.A.PickB.BringC.CarryD.Take5.There is a( )of impatience in the tone of his voice.A.dotB.hintC.notionD.phrase6.Mr.Smith asked his secretary to( )a new paragraph in the annual report she was typing.A.invadeB.installC.insertD.inject7.Some people argue that the death does not( )necessarily reduce the number of murders.A.penaltyB.patternC.plotD.practice8.You may use the room as you like ( )you clean it up afterwards.A.so far asB.so long asC.in caseD.even if9.—Why does the Lake smell terrible?—Because it( ) large quantities of water.A.have pollutedB.is being pollutedC.has been pollutedD.have been polluted10.During the war there was a serious lack of food. It was not unusual that even the wealthy families had to ( )bread for days.A.eat upB.give awayC.do withoutD.deal with11.Most Americans would prefer to keep their problems ( )themselves, and solve their problems( ) themselves.A.to; byB.by; toC.for; toD.in; on12.Because of the financial crisis, ( )days are gone local 5star hotels charged 6,000 Yuan for one night.A.ifB.whenC.whichD.since13.They’ve won their last three matches, ( )I find a bit surprising.A.thatB.whenC.whatD.which14.I felt so bad all day yesterday that I decided this morning I couldn’tface( ) day like that.A.otherB.anotherC.the otherD.others15.Dr.Smith, together with his wife and daughters, ( )visit Beijing this summer.A.is going toB.are going toC.was going toD.were going to16.They used to quarrel a lot, but now they are completely ( )with each other.A.reconciledB.negotiatedC.associatedD.accommodatedⅡ.Reading Comprehension 20%Directions: There are two passages in this part. Each passage is followed by five questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D.You should decide on the BEST CHOICE.Passage OneLisa was running late. Lisa, 25, had a lot to do at work, plus visitors on the way: her parents were coming in for Thanksgiving from her hometown. But as she hurried down the subway stairs, she started to feel uncomfortably warn. By the time she got to the platform, Lisa felt weak and tired—maybe it hadn’t been a good idea to give blood the night before, she thought. She rested herself against a post close to the tracks. Several yards away, Frank, 43, and his girlfriend, Jennifer, found a spot close to where the front of the train would stop. They were deep in discussion about a house they were thinking of buying. But when he。
2018年安徽省教师招聘考试《小学英语》真题及答案一、单项选择题 ( 本大题共 15 小题,每小题 1 分,共计 15 分 ) 从每题所给的 A、 B、 C、D四个选项中,选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
1.Although the team lost the game, they played withtremendous(D);they won their fan ’s respect.A. panicB. regretC. angerD. spirit2.Cathy(B)a few words of Italian when she was there last year.A. took onB. picked upC. gave awayD. broke down3.My parents(D)at the airport because of the storm. Otherwise,they would have been here by lunch time.A. have delayedB. would delayC. were delayedD. had been delayed4.(A)Anderson was the best of the many talented writers of his generation seemed indisputable.A. ThatB. WhatC. WhetherD. Where5.In your free time,(B) this incredible city and you will certainly have an unforgettable experience.A. exploringB. exploreC. exploredD. to explore6.Under the regulations, all the passengers(B)remain in their seatsuntil the plane lands safety.A. mayB. shallC. couldD. would7.Emma lived with her grandparents (C)for 3 years in a smallvillage,she went to school in New York.A. in whichB. after thatC. after whichD. in that8.The novel(A)last month went straight t o number one on the bestseller list.A. publishedB. was publishedC. to be publishedD. being published9.1 live near my parents.,(A)I can visit them as often as possible.A. ConvenientlyB. EventuallyC. ThankfullyD. Fortunately10.Mr. Black can never(D)the difference between the twins in hisclass.A. makeB. developC. keepD. tell11.-Do you know which is the quickest way to the museum fromhere?-. (D)Let’s ask the policeman over there.A.Forget itB. Go aheadC. It’s up to youD. It beats me12.Kevin’s teacher saw him as quiet and shy ,(C)with his friends hewas exactly the opposite.A.orB. forC. butD. so13.Not until we were shown around this ancient town(D)its beautywas really beyond description.A.we realizedB. we did realizeC. realized weD. did we realize14.The method of forming new words like motel, smog or newscart,is called(B)A.derivationB. blendingC. conversionD. abbreviation15.The novel, Tess of the D ’Urbervilles, was written by(A)one, of thegreatest of Victorian novelists.Thomas Hardy B. George Eliot C. Emily Bronte D. Oscar WildeII.完形填空(本大题共 15 小题,每小题 1 分,共计 15 分 ) 阅读下面短文,从短文后每小题所给的 A、 B、 C、D四个选项中,选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
安徽省教师招聘考试中学英语真题包括答案.docx 2018年安徽省教师招聘考试《中学英语》真题及答案I . 单项填空(15共⼩题,每⼩题 1 分,满分 15 分)1.1 took my daughter to the amusement park last Sunday.(B)we had together there.A.What good timeB. What a good timeC.How good timeD.How a good2. — Why not live in your new house?— Sounds a good idea,but it(C) .It will be OK next monthA. will paintB.had paintedC.is being paintedD.has been3.If you are curious about the history of our school or concerned about th e future,You(D)miss the excellent opportunity.A.mayB.needn'tC.couldD.mustn't4.(A)after care fully,the plant can live through the winter.A.LookedB.LookingC.Tolook D.Havinglooked5.No sooner(D)down to relax than her smartphone rang.A. Alice satB.at AliceC.does Alice sitD.had Alice sat6.Life in the city is tough for a parent(C)kids aren't keeping up inschool.A. hisB.of whomC.whoseD.of which7. — Howamazing!You can't imagine(A)little animals can eat()muchfood.—Really?A.such;soB.such;suchC.so;suchD.so;so8.George Orwell is best known for his two novels,Animal Farm and1984,(B)of which were written and published toward the end of his life.A. allB.bothC.eachD. either9.If you are in any doubt as to(D)you should be doing theseexercises,consult your doctor.B.ifC. whateverD. whether10.(C)my dad is known to only a few people in the town,hisreputation among them is great.A.AsB. SinceC. WhileD.Unlessless likely you are to11 .Some people thin you change your mind,the focus your attention on your work.(D)A.more frequentB.most frequentlyC.the most frequentD.the more frequently12.It's 20 years since I left my hometown;it has changed(B)my recognition.B.beyondC. withinD.over13.If you(C)to Mr.Smith more carefully,you( )could work out the problem without any difficulty now.A.listenedB.listenC.hadlistened D.havelistened14.What is the relationship between "furniture"and“ table” ?(B)A.AntonymyB.HyponymyC.PolysemyD. Synonymy15.The novel, Withering Heights,was written by(A).A. Emily BronteB. James JoyceC. Jane AustenD.Robert BrowningII. 完形填空 (15共⼩题,每⼩题 1 分,满分 15 分)My grandmother passed away a couple of years ago,but the legacy o f the peas still lives on.It took place at the Biltmore Hotel,which.to myeight-year-old(16),was just about a place to eat.My grandmother,my mother,and I were having lunch the after shopping.I grandly (17) a Salisbury steak,(18)about the knowledge that beneath that fancy name was a good old hamburger with gravy ( ⾁汁 ).Whenbrought to the ta ble, it was (19)by a plate of peas which I have always hated.It is a complete (20)to me why anyone would( 21) eat p eas. And I was certainly not about toeat them. “ Eatyour peas ,” my (22)said.“ Mother,”said my mother in a low voice.“ He doesn’t like pe as. Leave him (23) My grandmother did not reply, but lookedme in the eye, and uttered the fateful words that (24) my life:“ I’ ll pay you five dollars can eat those peas ”I began to force myself to eat them. da bit (25) .which made me nervous.But And I found my mother seeme my grandmother had a satisf iedlook. Every single pea made me want to throw up. (26) the magic a 1 image of five dollars floated before me,I finally finished every last on e of them.My grandmother(27) me the five dollars with a flourish( 夸张动作 A).few weeks later, my grandmother left for aunt Lilian’Thats. night, atdinner, my mother served two of my favorite foods along with a big,steaming bowl of peas. She offered me some peas,and I naturally(28)She fixed me with a cold eye as she heaped a huge pile o f peas onto myplate. Then came the words that still( 29) in my head today.“ Youatethem for(30),” shesaid.“ Youcan eat them for love.”16. A. dream B.mind C.imagination D. sorrow17. A. ordered B.roasted C.sold D. swallowed18. A. curious B doubtful C. disappointed D. confident19.A.protected B. controlled C.accompaniedl D. strengthened20.A.honor B.mystery C. disaster D.relief21. A. voluntarily B. urgently C.peacefully D. aggressively22. A.m other B. waiter C. grandmother D.aunt23.A.busy B. alone C. hungry D.still24. A. extended B. abandoned C. mined D. changed25. A. annoyed B.pleased C. confused D. interested26. A. or B.but C.so D.for27. A handed B. charged C. fined D. borrowed28. A. accepted B. returned C. apologized D. declined29.A.talk B.grovv C.ring D. shrink30. A. taste B.respect C. kindness D.money参考答案:BADCBACBDA BADCDIll.阅读理解 12( 共⼩题,每⼩题 2 分,满分 24 分)AStudies have shown that higher temperatures from climate change an d weather extremes will r-educe food production.But scientists are finding thatrising levels of carbon dioxide and other pla-net-warming gasses t hreaten food quality.The researchers grew rice plants in a controlled environment.They se t carbon dioxide levels t-o what scientists are predicting for our planet b y the end of the century.They found that the result-ing rice crops had lowe r than normal levels of vitarmins?minerals and prolein.The researchers sa i-d the effects of planet-warming gasses would be most severe for the po orest citizens in some of the least developed countries,mainly in Southea st Asia. These people generally eat the most ric-e and have the least com plex diet,they noted.Scientists estimated that almost 150millionprople might be at risk of having little protein or zinc in their diet by 2050.One of these scientists, SamMyers of Harvard University in the Ame rican state of Massachus-ets,said the findings like this are an example o f the surprises climate change creates.“ Myconcer-n is, there are many m ore surprises to come ,” he said. Myers noted that pollution,loss of som -e species, destruction of forests,and other human activities are likely t o produce unexpected pro-blems.He said that you cannot completely chan ge all the natural systems that living organisms ha-ve grown to depend o n over millions of years without having effects come back to affect our o w-n health.The new study suggests a way to lower the nutritional harm of dim at e change.One way, Kob-ayashi said is to grow different forms of rice t hat have shown to be more resistant to higher carbon dioxide levels.31 .According to Paragraph 2,who will suffer most severe effects of plane t-warming gasses?A.The poorest citizens in Singapore.B.Not only Chinese but also Japanese.C.People in the United States of America.D.People in Indonesia. Cambodia and Laos.32.What conclusion can be drawn from what Sam Myers said?A.Unexpected problems rarely result from human activities.B.Poor peopleeat the least rice and have the most complex diets. C.Changing natural systems may affect our own health eventually.D.Higher temperatures from climate change-benefit food production.33.What is the purpose of the last paragraph?A.To advocate further research.B.To suggest a possible solution.C.Toconfirm the results of the study. D.Topromote an appropriate lifestyle.34.What does the text mainly tell us? A.Warminggasses increases food production.B.Some scientific experiments have been carried out.C.Rising levels of carbon dioxide threaten food quality.D.The nutritional harm of climate change has been lowered.BAcording to a Swedish study that says dog ownership could reduce heart disease.A study of 3.4 million people between the ages of 40 and 8 0 found that having a dog was associated with a 23% reduction in death fr om heart disease and a 20% lower risk of dying from any cause over the 12 years of the study. Previous studies have suggested dogs relieve social isolation and depres-sion both linked to an increased risk of heart disease and early death.Dog owners show better responses to stress, havehigher levels of physical activity and slightly lower cholesterol(园固醉)levels.The American Heart Asociation was sufficiently swayedby a review of dozens of studies to release a statement in 2013 saying that owning a dog" wasprobably associated with a reduced risk of heart disease: Their reluctance to more strongly appr-ove dog ownership is because most studies are w hat is called observational-researchers note anas-sociation?but can't prov e causation.This means that other factors might explain why dog owners are healthier than,say goldfish owners-for cxample,perhaps only people who are fit in the first place buy pets that need daily walkies.Tove Fall, an epidemiologist( 流⾏病学家)andthe leading author ofthis latest study, saysthey tried their bestto allow for any differences in education,existing ilhea 1th and lifestyles between those with and without dogs. The studyfound the biggest positive impact of having a dogwas on people living alone.“seemsIt that a dog can be asubstitutefor living with other people in terms of reducing the risk of dying,"saysFall.'’ Dogsencourage you to walk,they provide social support and theymake life more meaningful.If y ou have a dog,you inleract more withother people. If you do get ill and g o into hospital and you have adog,there’s ahuge motivation to try to get back home."35.What has the Swedish study found about keeping a dog?(B)A.It may increase the risk of heart disease.B.It may be beneficial to people's health.C.It can cure people of mental diseases.D.It can make its own a lot younger.36.Why is the example of“ dog owners and goldfish owners”mentioned?(D)A.To point out only healthy people will keep a dog.B.To prove dog owners are healthier than fish owners.C.To find out the differences between keeping a dog and goldfish.D.To suggest the findings of dog ownership need to be furtherconfirmed37.What does Tove Fall try to tell us?(A)A.People living alone may get a lot out of keeping a dog.B.People interact with their dogs to improve social skills.C.People keeping dogs tend to go to hospital less.D.People have a similar lifestyle with their dogs.38.What can be a suitable title for the text?(D)A.Every dog has its day.B.Give a dog a bad name.C.Is a dog really human's best friend?D.Is owning a dog goodAt universities across the US, the class 2012 , iscelebrating coll ege. But, for the estima-ted 1.8 million students receiving the end of bachelor'sfor your health?Cde gree this spring.the financial crisis that unfolded during their first year on campus in 2008 is still casting a long shadow ov er their futures.Almost five years after the crisis began,the overall unenmployment ate is still above 8 perce-nt while that for resent university graduates uck at 6.8 percent. For many young Americans,r is stthe promise of a degree has turned to disappointmentthemseIves strugaling to getas they findtheir first job, still burdened by student debt. What is worse,studies show that graduating at a timeof high unemploymeat can damage a young person ’searning power for the rest of their career- and have an impact on the broader econony as well.Seventeen-year-old Chelsea Katz,who planned to atend the Univemity of Maryland in the aut-umn,said she took into account the economy an d possible dett when picking school and choosing her degree.A survey from Rutgers University found that about a quarter of the e mployed graduates saidtheir position was below their level of education a quarter said they wer e earning less than theyhad expected, and a quarter said they had to acept a job outside their ficl d in order to find work. These conditions are making young people hard to pay back thestudent loans that have becomevery common in higher education because rising tuition fees surpass inco me growth.In the past decade,published prices for tuituon fees have risen by 2 9 percent at private school-s and 72 percent at public insitutions,accorlin g to the College Board. The public universities,once seen as a ticket to higher earnings for middle and low-incomestude nts, have been hard hit by deep cuts to state budgets that havetransferre d more of the cost burden on to students and their families.39.What does the underlined word "that77 in Paragraph 2 referto?(B)A.The financial crisis.B.The unemployment rate.C.The promise of a degree.D.The shadow over their future.40.What is the prospect of many American college graduates'futurecare er?(A)A.Disappointing.B.Unclear.C.Hopeful.D.Positive.41.Why is it difficult for young people to repay their studentloans?(C)A.The interest rates of their student loans are much higher.B.Most of them don't want to find work after leaving college.C.Their income growth can't keep up with rising tuition fees.D.Most of the graduates can ’t find work because of their majors.42.What can we leam about the public universities according to thetext?(D)A.They have been cutting the tuition fees.B.They charge low-income students nothing.C.They fond their students from poor families.D.They are on a much tighter budget than beforeIV 翻译 ( 共5 ⼩题,每⼩题 2 分,满分 10 分)43.We have two senses guarding us from danger.44.They are placed in the mouth and the nose,ready to direct us inthe choice of food.45 .If we followed the leading of these senses more obedientlv.itcould be much better for many of us.46.Too many people force themselves by habit to acquire tastes.suchas a taste for beer,pepper and tea,none of which are liked by children.47.Our taste for them is not a natural one,and many of the diseasesthat trouble us arise from the consumption of these articles.43.我们拥有两种感觉来帮助我们规避危险。
2018年福建省中小学教师招聘考试小学英语真题卷1.i'm sorry I broke your teapot_____I have another oneA.Be careful.B.Thats OKC With pleasureD.Thats right参考答案B2.---do you mind if I ask you some questions?_____But I am occupied at the momentA.NO,go aheadB Yes,pleaseC.No problemD.Never mind参考答案:CNever mind除了回答道歉以外,还在以下几种场合下使用,如:1表示安慰,意为;别着急:不要紧:没关系。
如Never mind,next time i'm sure you can do better没关系,我相信你下次一定会做得好些2.用来谢绝别人的提供,意为,不用噬;别费事啦。
如A:can I help you with it?要我帮你做这事吗?B;never mind.别费心啦3.用来否定某一想法或提议等,意为:算了:没什么。
如13.1Nover mind,please don't go for it,ldon't want it.算了,请不要去取了,我不想要3.2Ar what did you say?你说什么?B:oh,never mind.噢,没说什么。
3,We should bear in mind___have set out and make our effort to achieve g reate achievement in the new era.A.whatB.thatC whereD.When参考答案:B4.By no means__B_while losing sight of potential problemsA.we should rest and seek comfortB should we rest and seek comfortC.rest and seek comfort should weD.rest and seek comfort we should参考答案:B5.Over the past several decades,governments at all levels___no efforts to improve peoples living conditionsA.spareB.sparedC had sparedD have spared参考答案:D6.____the blueprint into reality will be a new Long March.The road ahead will be very longbut time waits for no manA.TranslateB.TranslatingC.Having translatedD Being trans lated参考答案:B7.No success can be compared with____of helping your students achieve t heir dreamsA thatB.thoseC.itD.one参考答案:A8.Scientists in California think they may have discovered a way to____the aging processA.put asideB.put offC put outD.put away参考答案:B9.We have many manufacturing bases across the country,____most are unma nned factoriesA.for whatB.of thatC for whichD of which310.Sitting by the window of the train,you can have a better____.A.sceneryB sightC.sceneD.View参考答案:AI1,china's railway technology is____to boosting integration,trade and i ndustrialization in Africa.A.closeB.similarC.beneficialD.superior参考答案:C12.New measures are introduced to ensure that the business runs____A.smoothlyB roughlyC frequentlyD irregularly参考答案:A13.The excrcisc is____he abilities of the students.it's too difficultA.forB beyondC.witD.Unde14.____you are swimming,running,or practicing yoga,regular exercise ca n make for a great nights sleepA.SinceB.UnlessC.AlthoughD.Whether参考答案:D15."If winter comes,can spring be far behind"is the last line of the p oem_____written by the British poet ShelleyA Ode to the westwB Ode to a nightingaleC Ode on MelancholyD Ode on intimations of immorality参考答案:A16.Which is following was written by John Steinbeck,the foremost noveli st of the Great Depressingof1930s?A.The Sound and the FuryB The Great GatsbyC.The Grapes of wrathD.The Scarlet Letter参考答案:C17.The war between England and france that lasted intermittently from13 37to1453is called____the causes of which were partly territorial and p artly economic5A.the Opium WarB.the Hundred years'WarC the french WarsD.The wars of the roses参考答案:B18.The consonant____an be described as voiceless,bilabial and stopA./K/B./g/C./p/D./b/参考答案:C19.暂缺20.Whictr of the following activities is Not suitable for a-warm-up activ ity for Children in an English class?A.Saying a rhymeB.Giving duty reportC Doing a TPR activityD.Filling in the blank参考答案:D二、阅读理解(暂缺)三.短文填词(暂缺)四.填空36.王老师在课堂上引导学生把感恩节和中秋节进行对比,这有助于学生在比较中外文化的异同中形成___增进国际理解,弘扬爱国主义精神。
2018年教师招聘考试:中小学英语教师基础知识考试试题及答案(一) 知识概要名词的概念在不同的语法教课书中有不同的解释和分类方法,但就实际应用来讲还是不要过分地追求其理论概念,而更多的要把注意力放在其应用上来。
我们不妨把它分为两大类:专有名词与普通名词。
顾名思义,专有名词是指:个人、事物、机关等所专有的名称,如,the Great Wall,America…它们是不能随意变动的。
而普通名词中则包括个体名词,如pen, worker…它表示单一的个体人或事物;集体名词,如:family,class,team,它表示的是由若干个个体组成的集合体;物质名词,如:water,paper…它表示的是一种物质,原材料;而后一种是抽象名词,如:work, time…它表示着一种在实际生活中看不见、摸不到,但却与实际生活紧密相关的某些动作、状态、品质的抽象概念。
见下表。
名词一览表种类专有名词London, John, the Communist Party of China普通名词类名词nurse, boy, worker, pencil, dog, table集体名词class, family, army, police, team, people物质名词water, steel, glass, cotton, wood, sand抽象名词happiness, love, work, life, courage, honest功用主语My family is now in New York.表语His father is a scientist.宾语We love our great motherland.宾语补足语He made London the base for his work.定语The girls are making paper flowesrs.状语The car cost him 1000 dollars.同位语Mr Brown, a famous scientist, will come here.名词在使用中的难点在于名词的数,即可数名词与不可数名词的实际应用。
不可数名词不能用数字计算,所以它通常只有单数形式。
它包含有专有名词、物质名词、抽象名词等,如:English,air,water,cotton,work…可数名词是可以用数量加以计算的名词,所以它具有单数形式和复数形式两种。
可数名词复数形式的构成规律是:1. 一般情况加s,如:pen—pens, doctor—doctors,boy—boys,其读音规则是在清辅音后读[s],在元音和浊辅音后读[z]。
如:map—map ,boy—boys.2. 在以s,sh,ch,x结尾的名词后面加es,如:bus—buses,class—classes,其读音为[iz]。
3. 以ce,se,ze,(d)ge结尾的名词加s,其读音为[iz]。
4. 以辅音字母加y结尾的名词,要将y变为i再加es,读作[z],如:factory—factories,country—countries, family—families.但要注意的是以元音字母加y结尾的名词的复数形式只加s,如:boy—boys,day—days。
5. 以o结尾的名词的复数形式一般要加es,但如果o前面是元音字母或外来词,缩写词以o结尾的则只加s,如:tomato—tomatoes,hero—heroes;photo—photos,radio—radios,piano—pianos6. 以f或fe结尾的名词的复数形式要将f或fe变为v再加es,如:knife—knives,leaf—leaves, 但有些例外的词如roof的复数形式是roofs。
7. 不规则名词的复数形式是要单个记忆的,它没有规律可循,如:man—men,woman—women, child—children, foot—feet,tooth—teeth, mouse—mice8. 单复同形的名词有:fish, sheep,deer…9. 单数形式但其意为复数的名词有:people,police等。
名词还有格的变化,其主格可作主语,宾格可作宾语。
还有所有格,用来表示人或物的所有,以及领属关系。
表示有生命的名词的所有格其单数形式是加's其复数形式是s',如其结尾不是s的复数形式仍加's,如:a student's room, students' rooms, Children's Day.在表示时间、距离、世界、国家……名词的所有格要用's,如:a twenty minutes' walk.但无生命名词的所有格则必须用of结构,如:the capital of our country, the colour of the flowers(二) 正误辨析[误]Please give me a paper.[正]Please give me a piece of paper.[析]不要认为可以数的名词就是可数名词,这种原因是对英语中可数与不可数名词的概念与中文中的能数与不能数相混淆了,所以造成了这样的错误,因paper 在英语中是属于物质名词一类,是不可数名词。
而不可数名词要表达数量时,要用与之相关的量词来表达,如:two pieces of paper.[误]Please give me two letter papers.[正]Please give me two pieces of letter paper.[析]paper作为纸讲是不可数名词,而作为报纸、考卷、文章讲时则是可数名词,如:Each student should write a paper on what he has learnt.[误]My glasses is broken.[正]My glasses are broken.[误]I want to buy two shoes.[正]I want to buy two pairs of shoes.[析]英语中glasses—眼镜,shoes—鞋,trousers—裤子等由两部分组成的名词一般要用复数形式。
如果要表示一副眼镜应用a pair of glasses而这时的谓语动词应与量词相一致。
如:This pair of glasses is very good.[误]May I borrow two radioes?[正]May I borrow two radios?[析]以o结尾的名词大都是用加es来表示其复数形式,但如果o前面是一个元音字母或外来语时则只加s就可以了。
这样的词有zoo—zoos,piano—pianos. [误]This is a Mary's dictionary.[正]This is Mary's dictionary.[析]如名词前有指示代词this, that, these those,及其他修饰词our,some, every, which, 或所有格时,则不要再加冠词。
[误]There are much people in the garden.[正]There are many people in the garden.[析]可数名词前应用many, few, a few, a lot of 来修饰,而people是可数名词,而且是复数名词,如:The people are planting trees here.[误]I want a few water.[正]I want a little water.[析]不可数名词前可以用a little, little, a lot of, some来修饰,但不可用many,few来修饰。
[误]Thank you very much. Your family is very kind to me.[正]Thank you very much. Your family are very kind to me.[误]Tom's and Mary's family are waiting for us.[正]Tom's and Mary's families are waiting for us.[误]I'm sorry. I have to go. Tom's families are waiting for me.[正]I'm sorry. I have to go. Tom's family are waiting for me.[析]集合名词如果指某个集合的整体,则应视为单数,如指某个集合体中的个体则应视为复数。
如:My family is a big family. When I came in, Tom's family were watching TV. 即汤姆一家人正在看电视。
这样的集合名词有:family class, team等。
[误]Don't eat too much meats.[正]Don't eat too much meat.[误]Food in that restaurant is very good.[正]The food in that restaurant is very good.[析]物质名词是不可数名词,在使用中不可以加s,即它没有复数形式。
也不可加不定冠词。
但如果用于特指某一物质时可以加定冠词。
如:I don't like drinking coffee, but the coffee in that cup is really good.[误]Please give me two waters.[正]Please give me two glasses of water.[正]Please give me two coffees.[析]物质名词如要加计量时,一定要加量词,如:two cups of tea,two glasses of water,a glass of milk,a loaf of bread,a piece of bread,a box of sugar,a bowl of rice,a bottle of orange,a bag of earth例:I'll tell you a piece of good news.但只有coffee可以用coffees来取代many cups of coffee.[误]Can you give me the newspaper of today?[正]Can you give me today's newspaper?[析]加's构成所有格的名词一般应指有生命的人或物。