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TEM-4 Reading Comprehension (一）TEM-4 Reading Comprehension (一）By Hong DanClass ArrangementsTEM - 4ReadingWhat How ExercisesWhat is TEM-4 reading?（a ）能读懂英美国家出版的中等难度的文章和材料。
（b ）能读懂难度相当于美国Newsweek 的国际新闻报道。
（c ）能读懂难度相当于Sons and Lovers 的文学原著。
（d ）能掌握所读材料的能掌握所读材料的主旨主旨主旨大意，了解说明主旨大意的大意，了解说明主旨大意的大意，了解说明主旨大意的事实和细事实和细 节节；既理解字面意义，又能根据所读材料进行；既理解字面意义，又能根据所读材料进行判断和推理判断和推理判断和推理；； 既理解个别句子的既理解个别句子的既理解个别句子的意义意义意义，也理解上下文的逻辑关系。
，也理解上下文的逻辑关系。
（e ）能在阅读中根据需要自觉调整阅读速度和阅读技巧。
（f ）考试时间考试时间252525分钟。
分钟。
一、考试大纲（一、考试大纲（examination syllabusexamination syllabus ）Since the late 19th century, the unofficial slogan of the U.S. PostalService (It doesn't have an official one ) has been guaranteed deliverythrough rain, sleet, or snow. Nowhere mentioned in that motto is a crippling economy or revenue and budget shortfalls. The government-subsidized service faces a nearly $7 billion net loss by year's end, landing it on the government list of federal programs at "high risk" fo collapse, right upthere with Medicare and the 2010 census. President Obama even piledon, remarking this summer that America's postal agency looked pretty dismal compared with private competitors like FedEx and UPS.(By Daniel Stone, Oct 5,2009, Newsweek)"Nevertheless, there was a state of peace in the house for some time. Mrs. Morel was more tolerate of him, and he, depending on her almost like a child, was rather happy. Neither knew that she was more tolerant because she loved him less. Up till this time, in spite of all, he had been her husband and her man. She had felt that, more or less, what he did to himself he did to her. Her living depended on him. There were many, many stages in the ebbing of her love for him, but it was always ebbing."(Sons and Lovers, Lawrence.D.H.)二、评分细则• 阅读理解共阅读理解共44篇文章，篇文章，Text A/B/C/D Text A/B/C/D Text A/B/C/D，， 共二十道 客观选择题。
英语专业四级阅读真实文章解读在英语专业四级考试中，阅读部分占据了相当大的比重，其中真实文章解读更是考察学生对英语文章的理解和分析能力。
在本文中，将针对英语专业四级阅读真实文章解读部分进行详细解析，帮助考生提升阅读能力和解题技巧。
一、理解文章主旨在进行真实文章解读时，首先需要确保对文章的主旨有清晰的理解。
在阅读文章的过程中，可以通过注意文章的标题、首段和结尾来初步了解文章的主题。
而在具体解读文章时，需要注意抓住作者的中心思想和观点，理解文章的逻辑结构和论证方式。
通过对整篇文章的梳理和分析，可以更好地把握文章的主旨。
二、理解词汇和句子在阅读真实文章时，遇到一些生词或者复杂的句子时，需要注意对其进行理解。
可以通过上下文的信息进行猜测和推断，寻找线索来弄清楚词语的意思。
在解读句子时，要注意句子的主谓宾等基本句型结构，尤其是长句，可以通过拆分句子进行理解。
通过对文章中的词汇和句子进行准确理解，可以提高对文章整体的理解程度。
三、解析作者观点和态度真实文章往往涉及到作者的观点和态度，阅读过程中要通过细致的分析找出作者的立场，并理解作者对于某个观点或者事件的看法。
可以通过作者使用的词语和表达方式来推测作者的态度，如使用明确的肯定或否定词语、使用比较级或最高级的形容词等。
同时也要注意识别作者所提供的论据和例证，从而更好地理解作者观点的支持和论证方式。
四、把握文章结构和逻辑关系在解读真实文章时，需要理解文章的整体结构和各段之间的逻辑关系。
可以通过关注段落开头和结尾的过渡性词语，如“首先”、“最后”等，来把握文章的层次结构。
此外，要注意识别文章中的因果关系、比较关系、并列关系等逻辑关系，从而更好地理清文章的脉络。
五、做好细节理解和推断真实文章中常常会包含一些细节信息，学生需要通过仔细阅读和理解，准确把握其中的细节内容。
同时，在解读文章时还需要注意推断能力的培养，通过推理和猜测得出一些可能的答案。
通过对文章细节的理解和推断，可以更好地解答细节题和推理题。
英语专业四级阅读理解考试题及答案解析英语专业四级阅读理解考试题及答案解析韩愈说过这样一句话：“业精于勤荒于嬉，行成于思毁于随””。
天才就是无止境刻苦勤奋的努力。
成绩优与良;才思浓与淡，都是由勤奋注定的。
以下是店铺为大家搜索整理的英语专业四级阅读理解考试题及答案解析，希望对正在关注的您有所帮助!As the merchant class expanded in the eighteenth?century North American Colonies, the silversmithand the coppersmith businesses rose to serve it.Only a few silversmiths were available in New Yorkor Boston in the late seventeenth century, but in theeighteenth century they could be found in all majorcolonial cities. No other colonial artisans rivaled thesilversmiths’ prestige. They handled the mostexpensive materials and possessed direct connections to prosperous colonial merchants. Theirproducts, primarily silver plates and bowls, reflected their exalted status and testified to theircustomers’ prominence. Silver stood as one of the surest ways to store wealth at a time beforeneighborhood banks existed. Unlike the silver coins from which they were made, silver articleswere readily identifiable. Often formed to individual specifications, they always carried thesilversmith’s distinctive markings and consequently could be traced and retrieved.Customers generally secure the silver for the silver object they ordered. They saved coins, tookthem to smiths, and discussed the type of pieces they desired. Silversmiths complied with theserequests by melting the money in a small furnace, adding a bit of copper to form a strongeralloy, and casting the alloy in rectangular blocks. They hammered these ingots to theappropriate thickness by hand, shaped them and pressed designs into them for adornment.Engraving was alsodone by hand. In addition to plates and bowls, some customers soughtmore intricate products, such as silver teapots. These were made by shaping or casting partsseparately and then soldering them together. Colonial coppersmithing also come of age in theearly eighteenth century and prospered in northern cities. Copper’s ability to conduct heatefficiently and to resist corrosion contributed to its attractiveness. But because it wasexpensive in colonial America, coppersmiths were never very numerous. Virtually all copperworked by Smiths was imported as sheets or obtained by recycling old copper goods. Copperwas used for practical items, but it was not admired for its beauty. Coppersmiths employed it tofashion pots and kettles for the home. They shaped it in much the same manner as silver ormelted it in a foundry with lead or tin. They also mixed it with zinc to make brass for maritimeand scientific instruments.?1、According to the passage, which of the following eighteenth century developments had strongimpact on silversmithsA. A decrease in the cost of silver.B. The invention of heat efficient furnaces.C. The growing economic prosperity of colonial merchants.D. The development of new tools used to shape silver.2.In colonial America, where did silversmiths usually obtain the material to make silver articles? ?A. From their own mines.B. From importers.C. From other silversmiths.D. From customers.3.The passage mentions all of the following as uses for copper in Colonial America EXCEPT ______A. cooking potsB. scientific instrumentsC. musical instrumentsD. maritime instruments4.According to the passage, silversmiths and coppersmiths in colonial America were similar inwhich of the following waysA. The amount of social prestige they had.B. The way they shaped the metal they worked with. ?C. The cost of the goods they made.D. The practicality of the goods they made.参考答案：1. C) 根据文章第一句“As the merchant classexpanded in the eighteenth?century North AmericanColonies,...”可知，随着在十八世纪的北美殖民地商人阶级膨胀起来，也就是说那时的商人财富有了很大的发展，银匠铜匠们有机会发挥他们的.专长了，这与选项C正好相符。
1- 答案解析：1. B) 这是一道主旨题。
通过阅读文章可知，为了保护冰川国家公园的濒危物种和资源，公园当局和地方土地所有者制订了限制土地使用计划，故答案为B。
2. D) 这是一道细节题。
根据第一段第三句“This land is an important part of the habitat and migratory routes for several endangered species that frequent the park.”（这片土地是非常重要的，因为这里是几种经常光顾此公园的濒危物种的栖息地和迁徙路线。
）可知选项D为正确答案。
3. C) 根据第二段可知，公园当局和地方土地所有者密切合作来保护资源，因此他们的关系是"cooperative" (合作性的)。
4. A) 这是一道推理题。
根据第二段第三句和阅读全文，我们很容易就可以得到这样一个信息：为了保护自然资源和濒危物种，公园管理者限制那些会破坏资源的土地开发。
因此选项A为正确答案。
2-1. D) 根据文章第一段第五行“Perhaps the painters thought that their pictures w ould help them to catch these animals.”可知古代人以为在墙上画画会对他们有所帮助，故选项D为正确答案。
2. C) 在做此类题时要注意题干的要求。
通过阅读文章第四段很清楚就知道选项C “前者容易发音”在文中没有提及，故为正确答案。
3. A) 可用排除法来做本题。
通过阅读文章很清楚选项B和D为错误陈述。
选项C “罗马字母是从埃及字母发展而来的”根据文章第四段第四，五句可知为错误论述，因此只有选项A 为正确答案。
4. C) 文章最后一段讲述了图画在今天的用途，故选项C为正确答案3-1. A) 这是一道主旨题。
根据文章第一句“There are many theories about the beginning of drama in ancient Greece.”及第三段第一句“Another theory traces the theater’s origin from the human interest in storytelling.”可知本文是讨论戏剧的起源的。
星期4 ThursdayText AEdgar Snow was a reporter and a journalist. He was a doer, a seeker of facts. His mature years were spent in communicating to people — he was an opener of minds, a bright pair of eyes on what went on about him. Fortunately, he went to many places, knew many people, saw many things; thus he communicated from depth and involvement. Suspicious of dogma, he stated in his autobiography, “What interested me was chiefly people, all kinds of people, and what they thought and said and how they lived —rather than official, and what they said in their interviews and handouts about what the people’thought and said.” In writing about people and the events which shaped or misshaped their lives, his point of view was essentially honest and searching — founded on his own inquiry and resting on a body of truth perceived with vision and with compassion. His valued friend and editor, Mary Heathcoat, stated that to Edgar Snow, “True professionalism meant telling the truth as one saw it, with as many of the reasons for its existence as one could find out and as mu ch empathy as possible for the people experiencing it.” “Edgar Snow,” she added, “was a respecter of all persons, and he knew the world had billions of important people in it.”That he is remembered mostly through Red Star Over China is understandable. The accounts in that book were of international importance and the experience for the author in getting those accounts was perhaps the most significant one in his life. Though it is typical of him that, after the acclaim the book received, he commented, “I si mply wrote down what I was told by the extraordinary young men and women with whom it was my privilege to live at age thirty, and from whom I learned a great deal.” That “great deal” spread from the pages of Red Star to alter the thinking of countless people — including many citizens of China who were led by it to action that drastically affected their own lives and the course of their country’s future. An awesome realization of personal responsibility also came about at this point for the young journalist, one he was cognizant of the rest of his life — the discovery, as he heard of friends and students killed in a war they had been moved to join largely because of his reports, that his writing had taken on the nature of political action and that he, as a writer, had to be personally answerable for all he wrote.1. Which of the following is NOT true about Edgar Snow?[A] He respects grass roots.[B] He is interested in officials’ words.[C] He fulfills the true professionalism.[D] He values fact and his honest searching.2. Edgar Snow’s books were all written with[A] his ignorance of the circumstances around him.[B] his prejudice towards the people he was not familiar with.[C] his deep involvement and understanding of the people around him.[D] his own experience in making himself a well-known man of the world.3. Why is Edgar Snow remembered mostly through Red Star Over China？[A] It is written in Chinese.[B] It is the only book that tells about China.[C] The wording of this book is extraordinary.[D] It has an important influence over the international world.4. Red Star Over China is all of the following EXCEPT[A] fulfil ling Snow’s political stand.[B] inspiring Chinese youth to take action.[C] motivating Snow’s personal responsibility.[D] reflecting his characteristics and professionalism.Text BAnna liked the look of the house as soon as she saw it. Jack knew that before she said anything. The plain white walls, the black window frames and door —the good taste of that combination had always pleased her.“It’s a nice family house,” she said, “one can see it’s been well lived in.”Fifty-seven Eden Square was a tall narrow house of three storeys in the middle of a row facing a small park. It was in what a house agent would call a popular rather than a fashionable area. The little front gate was open, broken. They went in and up a few stone steps to the front door. They could see in through one of the sitting-room windows from which a net curtain had fallen at one side. The large room was almost bare. A dirty green carpet half covered the floor. From an old brick fireplace a gas-fire had been pulled out into the room. The wallpaper was dark green, dirty and damp-looking. There was no furniture. Silently they stared in. Then Jack tried the front door. It was locked.“It’s been empty a long while,” he said, “all last winter at least. Is it worth going to the agent to get the keys? We’d have to do an awful lot of cleaning up.”“Any empty house up for sale needs cleaning.” said Anna, “That’s part of the fun of buying. You can make it look so different. This place will be a lot better when cleaned up. How much do you think it’ll cost?”“Well, it’s about eighty years old, and modernized probably.” He stepped back and looked up. “It should have three or four large bed-rooms, as large as I think bedrooms ought to be, and one or two small ones. That is, if it wasn’t used as a guesthouse in the days before people started going to Spain for their holidays, I think it would cost about fifteen thousand. It depends on how modern it is inside. We’ll get the keys and have a look, shall we?”They did so the following afternoon. In an earlier time, the spacious house had had large, airy bedrooms. All four of these were now divided up by wooden walls and ugly passages. Each big window looking on to the park was shared by two or even three rooms. There were in all eighteen tiny bedrooms, each with a tiny wash-basin and water: sleeping space for thirty or so holiday-makers.“Little cages,” Anna said. She did not like the place at all.5. How did Anna react at the first sight of the house?[A] She thought the house was in poor condition.[B] She admired the way it was painted.[C] She told Jack it was very expensive.[D] She said there was a nice family living in it.6. Where was the house located according to the house agent?[A] In a well-liked area.[B] In a very fashionable area.[C] In Fifty-seven Eden Square[D] In the middle of a small park.7. What were Anna and Jack doing?[A] Looking for a place in which they could spend their holiday.[B] Looking for a house agent to sell a house.[C] Trying to find a guesthouse or a small hotel.[D] Trying to find a suitable family house to buy.8. What’s NOT true about the condition of the house according to the passage?[A] It had four large bedrooms before it was used as a guesthouse.[B] It was old but somewhat modernized.[C] It was where fashionable people preferred to live.[D] It was almost like a cage when the two people visited it.9. Anna did not like the house because[A] it was not her ideal family home.[B] it was too expensive.[C] it was really a place for keeping animals in.[D] it needed too much cleaning.Text CThis book is written expressly for students in an attempt to present the material that is most useful and interesting to them. Previous courses in chemistry are not necessary for the understanding of the material, although those students who have had high school chemistry will find that a review of the inorganic section will better enable them to master the organic and biochemistry sections that follow.The author has felt that in the past there was an improper selection of material from inorganic, organic, and biochemistry in the majority of the textbooks of chemistry for nurses. The tendency has been to develop the inorganic chemistry to such an extent that organic and biochemistry is covered too briefly. The recent advances in biochemistry and their widespread application to the practice of medicine and nursing have considerably altered the situation. Not only is biochemistry more closely allied to the practical chemistry of medicine and nursing but it is also of more interest to the student. In the author’s experience the response to biochemistry has always been more favorable than to the other sections. Within the brief period allotted to chemistry, therefore, the sections on inorganic, organic, and biochemistry should be so arranged that a good share of the time is spent in the study of biochemistry. This book presents mainly those fundamentals of inorganic and organic chemistry that are necessary for the understanding of the section on biochemistry.The fundamental points suggested in the Curriculum Guide are included in the book, with some additions in the biochemistry section. The author feels that a study of urine, vitamins, nutrition, and hormones is so obviously a part of biochemistry that at least the fundamentals should be included in this course.The book has been planned in such a way that it may be adapted to various courses in chemistry. The material suggested by the Curriculum Guide is covered in the first nineteen chapters and may be used in accelerated courses or where minimum time is allotted to chemistry. When the time allotted to the course is sixty to ninety hours the entire contents of the book may be used to advantage. While the book has been written especially to fit the needs of Schools of Nursing, it could readily be applied in instances where students are required to take but one course in chemistry.The apathetic attitude of nonprofessional students toward a course in inorganic chemistry may well be overcome by the proper presentation of material selected from inorganic, organic, and biochemistry.10. Which of the following is TRUE about reading the book?[A] One must first review his high school courses.[B] Previous courses in chemistry are necessary.[C] A good mastery of biochemistry is essential.[D] One needn’t have studied chemistry before.11. In the author’s experience, the students are most interested in[A] chemistry as a whole. [B] biochemistry.[C] inorganic chemistry. [D] organic chemistry.12. Para. 4 suggests that one characteristic of this book is its[A] vividness of the language. [B] simplicity in presentation.[C] adaptability to various needs. [D] complexity of the plot.13. The author’s attitude towards this book is[A] doubtful. [B] critical.[C] apathetic. [D] approving.14. The purpose of this book is[A] to provide students with useful and interesting material.[B] to preface the Curriculum Guide with a brief account of biochemistry.[C] to present inorganic and organic chemistry in detail.[D] to raise nonprofessional students’ interest in chemistry.Text DBuried for nearly 3600 years, a rare statue of Egypt’s King NeferhotepⅠ have been brought to light in the ruins of Thebes by a team of French archaeologists. Officials said that the statue was unusual in that the King is depicted holding hands with a double of himself, although the second part of the carving remains under the sand and its form has been determined by the use of imaging equipment.Archaeologists unearthed the 1.8 meters tall statue, as they were carrying out repairs around Karnak Temple in the southern city of Luxor. Francois Larche, one of the team that found the limestone statue of the King, whose name means “beautiful and good”, said it was lying about 1.6 meters below the earth near an obelisk of Queen Hatshepsut, the only woman to have reigned as a pharaoh in Egypt, ruling from 1504—1484 B.C.Karnak, now in the heart of Luxor, was built on the ruins of Thebes, the capital of ancient Egypt. The huge temple dedicated to the god Amon lies in the heart of a vast complex of religious buildings in the city, 700 kilometers south of Cairo. The statue shows the King wearing a funeral mask and royal head cloth, said Larche. The forehead bears a symbol of a cobra, which ancientEgyptians used as a symbol on the crown of the pharaohs. They believed that the cobra would spit fire at approaching enemies. Larche said this was only the second time such a huge statue had been found in Egypt. A similar one was dug up during the digging of the hidden treasures of Karnak from 1898 to 1904.But it is not clear when or if the statue will be completely unearthed. It is blocked by the leftovers of an ancient structure, possibly a gate. “In order to pull it out, a structure on top of the statue has to be removed and then restored,” said Larche, adding that permission from the Egyptian antiquities authorities was needed before the team could go ahead with the plan to raise the statue.Neferhotep was the 22nd King of the 13th Dynasty. The son of a temple priest, he ruled Egypt from 1696—1686 B.C. Experts believe his father’s position helped him to ascend the throne, as there was no royal blood in his family. It’s up to the Higher Council of Egyptian Antiquities to decide on the fate of the Statue of Neferhotep Ⅰand whether it will be brought to light or left buried where it was founded.To some degree, it will be a wonder if the Statue which has been buried in the underground for nearly 3600 years is brought to light again. The Higher Egyptian Council will take all the factors into consideration before they make the final decision. After all, this discovery will draw the attention of the archaeologists at least from the Egypt even all over the world who are interested in the history of Egypt.15. Why did officials think the statue discovered by the archaeologists is unique?[A] It has been buried in the earth for nearly 3600 years.[B] The figure of the statue was the only female pharaoh who ruled Egypt.[C] Part of the statue remains in the sand.[D] There is another similar statue with the statue of NeferhotepⅠ.16. The archaeological team found the statue wears the following articles EXCEPT[A] a funeral mask.[B] royal head cloth.[C] a crown of the pharaoh.[D] a symbol of a cobra.17. Why is it not sure when or if the statue will be entirely dug out?[A] It was lying about 1.6 meters below the earth.[B] It was blocked by the remains of an ancient structure.[C] Permission from the Egyptian antiquities authorities was needed.[D] Bringing the statue to light again will be a wonder.18. The team of French archaeologists’ attitude towards this statue is[A] positive. [B] negative.[C] cautious. [D] indifferent.19. Which of the following is correct?[A] Whether this statue is brought to the light or not needs further discussion.[B] Karnak Temple needs to be removed if the statue wants to be completely dug up.[C] The archaeologists can decide the destiny of the statue.[D] The archaeologists have little interest in this discovery.20. What does this passage mainly talk about?[A] The statue of NeferhotepⅠbrought to light.[B] The statue of NeferhotepⅠfound by Egyptian archaeologists.[C] The description of the statue of NeferhotepⅠ.[D] The final destiny of the statue of NeferhotepⅠ.语境词汇Text A1. dogma n.教条；教义，信条2. rest on 基于，依赖于3. compassion n.怜悯，同情4. empathy n.移情作用，神入；同情，共鸣5. acclaim n.称赞v.向…欢呼，向…喝彩6. awesome a.令人敬畏的；可怕的7. cognizant a.认识到的，察知的Text B1. bare a.空的；无遮蔽的；稀少的vt.暴露2.house agent 房产经纪人，房屋中介3. modernize v. (使)现代化4. spacious a.宽敞的，广大的5. divide up 分割开Text C1. expressly ad.特别地；明白地，清楚地2. organic a.有机物的；组织的；器官的3. considerably ad.相当大(或多)地4. favorable a.赞成的；有利的5. allied a.有关联的；类似的6. allot vt.分配，配给，分摊7. to advantage 用某种方法使优点突出8. apathetic a.缺乏兴趣的，无动于衷的Text D1. statue n.塑像，雕像2. bring to light 发现3. obelisk n.方尖石塔4. complex n.一组建筑群；综合企业a.复杂的5. ascend the throne 即位，登基6. antiquities n.古物，古迹，古代风俗习惯7. to some degree 从某种程度上来说8. take…into consideration 考虑到、顾及…难句突破Text A1. True professionalism meant telling the truth as one saw it, with as many of the reasons for its existence as one could find out and as much empathy as possible for the people experiencing it. 【分析】复合句。
英语专四试题及答案详解一、听力理解（共30分）1. A) 短对话理解（共10分）- 例题：What is the man going to do?A) Buy a book.B) Return a book.C) Borrow a book.- 答案：A- 解析：根据对话中男士说“Excuse me, where can I buy a book?”可知，男士打算买书。
2. B) 长对话理解（共10分）- 例题：What is the relationship between the two speakers?A) Colleagues.B) Friends.C) Teacher and student.- 答案：C- 解析：对话中出现“Remember to hand in your homework next time,” 说明其中一人为老师，另一人为学生。
3. C) 短文理解（共10分）- 例题：What is the main idea of the passage?A) The importance of sleep.B) The benefits of exercise.C) The effects of stress.- 答案：A- 解析：短文主要讨论了睡眠的重要性，因此选项A是正确答案。
二、词汇与语法（共20分）1. 词汇题（共10分）- 例题：Despite the heavy rain, the game continued,_______ the players' disappointment.A) to the delight ofB) to the dismay ofC) to the surprise of- 答案：B- 解析：根据句子中的“the players' disappointment”，可知球员们感到失望，因此选择B。
2. 语法题（共10分）- 例题：I don’t think he will be able to come to the meeting this afternoon, _______?A) will heB) won’t heC) isn’t he- 答案：A- 解析：在否定前移的句子中，疑问部分要与后面的主谓结构保持一致，因此选择A。
专四真题详细解析及答案专四考试一直是许多英语学习者的目标之一，它是国内一项非常重要的英语水平测试。
在备考过程中，了解和掌握专四真题的解析及答案对于提高考试成绩至关重要。
本文将对专四真题进行详细解析，并给出相应的答案。
首先，我们来看一道阅读理解题：Passage 1Many experts believe that people in developed countries are too materialistic. They argue that pleasure, comfort, and security are valued more highly than anything else. In comparison, in developing countries, people are more likely to value things such as family, friendship, and faith.One reason why experts argue that people in developed countries are materialistic is that they have more money to spend on luxury goods. People in these countries often work long hours to earn a high salary, which they use to buy expensive cars, houses, and electronics. As a result, they may prioritize material possessions over personal relationships and experiences.Additionally, experts believe that the media plays a significant role in promoting materialism in developed countries. Advertisements constantly encourage people to buy the latest products, making them believe that their happinessand status depend on their possessions. This consumerist culture encourages people to constantly strive for more, leading to a never-ending cycle of consumption.In contrast, people in developing countries may not have the same level of disposable income, so they place less importance on material possessions. Instead, they value relationships with family and friends, which often provide them with a sense of community and support. Religion andfaith also play a significant role in their lives, givingthem a purpose beyond material wealth.In conclusion, while experts argue that people in developed countries are materialistic, those in developing countries tend to prioritize relationships and faith. However, it is important to note that these are generalizations, and individual values may vary.Question: What is one reason why experts argue that people in developed countries are materialistic?解析：本文是一篇关于人们对物质的看法的文章。
英语专四阅读理解训练及答案解析英语专四阅读理解训练及答案解析在英语越来越普及的21世纪，学好英语成了大学生的首要目标。
为帮助大学生掌握好英语知识，以下是店铺为大家搜索整理的英语专四阅读理解训练及答案解析，希望能对大家有所帮助!The discovery of the Antarctic not only proved one of the most interesting of all geographical adventures, but created what might be called “the heroic age of Antarctic exploration”. By their tremendous heroism, men such as Shakleton, Scott, and Amundsen caused a new continent to emerge from the shadows, and yet that heroic age, little more than a century old, is already passing. Modern science and inventions are revolutionizing the endurance, future journeys into these icy wastes will probably depend on motor vehicles equipped with caterpillar traction rather than on the dogs that earlier discoverers found so invaluable and hardly comparable.Few realize that this Antarctic continent is almost equal in size to South America, and enormous field of work awaits geographers and prospectors. The coasts of this continent remain to be accurately charted, and the maping of the whole of the interior presents a formidable task to the cartographers who undertake the work. Once their labors are completed, it will be possible to prospect the vast natural resources which scientists believe will furnish one of the largest treasure hoards of metals and minerals the world has yet known, and almost inexhaustible sources of copper, coal, uranium, and many other ores will become available to man. Such discoveries will usher in an era of practical exploitation of the Antarctic wastes.The polar darkness which hides this continent for the sixwinter months will be defeated by huge batteries of light, and make possible the establishing of air-fields for the future inter-continental air services by making these areas as light as day. Present flying routes will be completely changed, for the Antarctic refueling bases will make flights from Australia to South America comparatively easy over the 5,000 miles journey.The climate is not likely to offer an insuperable problem, for the explorer Admiral Byrd has shown that the climate is possible even for men completely untrained for expeditions into those frozen wastes. Some of his parties were men who had never seen snow before, and yet he records that they survived the rigors of the Antarctic climate comfortably, so that, provided that the appropriate installations are made, we may assume that human beings from all countries could live there safely. Byrd even affirms that it is probably the most healthy climate in the world, for the intense cold of thousands of years has sterilize this continent, and rendered it absolutely germfree, with the consequences that ordinary and extraordinary sickness and diseases from which man suffers in other zones with different climates are here utterly unknown. There exist no problems of conservation and preservation of food supplies, for the latter keep indefinitely without any signs of deterioration ; it may even be that later generations will come to regard the Antarctic as the natural storehouse for the whole world.Plans are already on foot to set up permanent bases on the shores of this continent, and what so few years ago was regarded as a “dead continent” now promises to be a most active center of human life and endeavor.1.When did man begin to explore the Antarctic?A.About 100years ago.B.In this century.C.At the beginning of the 19th century.D.In 1798.2.What must the explorers be, even though they have modern equipment and techniques?A.Brave and toughB.Stubborn and arrogant.C.Well-liked and humorous.D.Stout and smart.3.The most healthy climate in the world is___.A.in South America.B.in the Arctic Region.C.in the Antarctic Continent.D.in the Atlantic Ocean.4.What kind of metals and minerals can we find in the Antarctic?A.Magnetite, coal and ores.B.Copper, coal and uranium.C.Silver, natural gas and uranium.D.Aluminum, copper and natural gas.5.What is planned for the continent?A.Building dams along the coasts.B.Setting up several summer resorts along the coasts.C.Mapping the coast and whole territory.D.Setting up permanent bases on the coasts.答案：BDCBA词汇讲解1. comparatively比较地,相当地,多少All this was comparatively slow until, with the coming of science, the tempo was suddenly raised.所有这些发展都比较缓慢，直到出现了科学，其速度才突然加快。
星期2 TuesdayDon't make a mountain out of a molehill.不要小题大做。
Text ABecket not only traveled light, he lived light. In the entire world he owned just the clothes he stood up in, a full suitcase and a bank account. Arriving anywhere with these possessions, he might just as easily put up for a month or a year as for a single night. For long stays, not less than a month, he might take a furnished flat, sometimes even a house. But whatever the length, he rarely needed anything he did not have with him. He was, he liked to think, a self-contained person.Becket had one occasional anxiety: the suspicion that he owned more than would fit comfortably into the case. The feeling, when it comes, was the signal for him to throw something away or just leave it lying about. This was automatic fate of his worn-out clothes, for example. Having no use for choice or variety, he kept just a raincoat, a suit, a pair of shoes and a few shirts, socks and so on; no more in the clothing line. He bought and read many books and left them where he happened to be sitting when he finished them. They quickly found new owners.Becket was a professional traveler, interested and interesting. He was not one to do a country in a week or a city in three days. He liked to get a feel of a place by living in it, reading its newspapers, watching its TV; discussing its affairs. He always tried to make a few friends —if necessary even by stopping a suitable-looking person in the street and talking to him. It worked well almost in nine cases out of ten. Though Beck et’s health gave him no cause for alarm, he made a point of seeing a doctor as soon as he arrived anywhere. “A doctor knows a place and its people better than anyone,” he used to say. He never went to see a doctor; he always sent for one; that, he found, was the quickest way to confidences, which came out freely as soon as he mentioned that he was a writer.Becket was an artist as well. He painted pictures of his places and, when he had gathered enough information, he wrote about them. He sold his work, through an agent, to newspapers and magazines. It was an agreeable sort of life for a good social mixer, and as Becket never stayed anywhere for long, he enjoyed the satisfying advantages of paying little in taxes.1. What do we know about Be cket’s possessions?[A] He had enough baggage to stay for only one night.[B] He carried all of them around with him.[C] He often threw or gave them away.[D] He left most of his things at home when he traveled.2. Becket took over a flat when[A] there were no suitable hotels.[B] he meant to stay somewhere for several nights.[C] he was sure of staying a year or more.[D] he expected not to move on for a month at least.3. If anything worried Becket, it was[A] the thought of having too much baggage.[B] his habit of leaving things lying about.[C] the fact that he owned so little.[D] the poor state of his clothes.4. What was the usual result when Becket talked to strangers in the street?[A] He made many new friends in that way.[B] People thought he was ill and sent for a doctor.[C] The people he spoke to felt annoyed with him.[D] He usually turned out to be disappointed at the talking.5. Which of the following about Becket is NOT true?[A] He never stayed anywhere for too long a time.[B] He was good at dealing with people.[C] He was satisfied with his mobile life.[D] He never forgot to visit a doctor wherever he went.6. How did Becket feel about taxation?[A] It worried him, so he kept moving from place to place.[B] He hated it, so he broke the tax laws.[C] He was pleased he could honestly avoid it.[D] He felt ashamed of not paying taxes.Text BAmerica’s city dwellers are a mobile people. The decennial censuses provided documentation in their redundant accounts of rapid changes and growth in most of our great cities. But statistical evidence is hardly needed. The changes in our cities have occurred so rapidly that the perception of mobility is an integral part of every urban dweller’s experience. Hometowns are transformed in the intervals between visits. The neighborhoods of our childhood present alien appearances and the landmarks that anchored our memories have disappeared.How do these dramatic changes in residential areas come about? In part, industry and commerce in their expansion encroach upon land used for residences. But, in larger part, the changes are mass movements of families — the end results of countless thousands of residence shifts made by the urban Americans every year. Compounded in the mass, the residence shifts of urban households produce most of the change and flux of urban population structures.Some of the mobility is an expression of the growth of our population. Every new family started ordinarily means another household formed. But the mobility that occurs is much greater than can be accounted for only by the addition of new households to our population. The high level of mobility implies that established households are involved in a large-scale game of “musical chairs” in which housing is exchanged from time to time.Residential shifts often accompany the dissolution of households, although not as consistently as in the case of the formations of new household. A divorce or separation forces at least one to move, and often both husband and wife shift residence. Mortality sometimes precipitates a move on the part of the remaining members of the household. But, neither divorcenor mortality, when added to new household formation, can account for more than a very small part of the American mobility rate.Another part of the high residential mobility rate might be traced to change occurring in the labor force. American workers change jobs frequently and some of the residential mobility might be viewed as a consequence of job shifts. But most residential shifts do not involve long-distance movements. About three fourths of such shifts do not cross country boundaries and many of them take place within smaller areas. Neither can job shifts account for the overall picture of mobility, much of which is kind of “milling about” within small areas of the city.7. At the end of Para. 1 the author implies that[A] Americans forget the landmarks of their hometowns easily.[B] Americans don’t usually notice the rapid changes around them.[C] On returning to their hometowns, Americans may not recognize their childhood friends.[D] Upon visiting their hometowns, Americans may feel unfamiliar about the new appearances.8. The addition of new households can’t account for the mobility because[A] they are expressions of population growth.[B] new families are unstable and therefore unreliable.[C] new households are exchanging houses from time to time.[D] the previously established households also keep changing houses.9. Americans who change their jobs usually[A] like to live near their working places.[B] prefer small towns to big cities.[C] dislike moving to far away places.[D] think it worthwhile to move to a foreign country.10. Which of the following can account for a larger part of the high American mobility rate?[A] Expansion of industry and commerce.[B] Not mentioned in the passage.[C] Divorce and mortality.[D] Changes occurring in the labor force.Text CThere’s a dark little joke exchanged by educators with a dissident streak: Rip Van Winkle awakens in the 21st century after a hundred-year snooze and is, of course, utterly bewildered by what he sees. Men and women dash about, talking to small metal devices pinned to their ears. Young people sit at home on sofas, moving miniature athletes around on electronic screens. Older folk defy death and disability with metronomes (节拍器) in their chests and with hips made of metal and plastic. Airports, hospitals, shopping malls — every place Rip goes just puzzles him. But when he finally walks into a schoolroom, the old man knows exactly where he is. “This is a school,” he declares. “We used to have these black in 1906. Only now the blackboards are green.”American school s aren’t exactly frozen in time, but considering the pace of change in other areas of life, our public schools tend to feel like throwbacks. Kids spend much of the day as their great-grandparents once did: sitting in rows, listening to teachers lecture, scribbling notes by hand, reading from textbooks that are out of date by the time they are printed. A yawning chasm (with an emphasis on yawning) separates the world inside the schoolhouse from the world outside.For the past five years, the national conversation on education has focused on reading scores, mathtests and closing the “achievement gap” between social classes. This is not a story about that conversation. This is a story about the big public conversation the nation is not having about education, the one that will ultimately determine not merely whether some fraction of our children get “left behind” but also whether an entire generation of kids will fail to make the grade in the global economy because they can’t think their way through abstract problems, work in teams, distinguish good information from bad or speak a language other than English.This week the conversation will burst onto the front page, when the New Commission on the Skills of the American Workforce, a high-powered, bipartisan(代表两党的)assembly of Education Secretaries, government and other education leaders releases a blueprint for rethinking American education from pre-K to 12 and beyond to better prepare students to thrive in the global economy. While that report includes some controversial proposals, there is nonetheless a remarkable consensus among educators and business and policy leaders on one key conclusion: we need to bring what we teach and how we teach into the 21st century.Right now w e’re aiming too low. Competency in reading and math —the focus of so much No Child Left Behind testing —is the meager minimum. Scientific and technical skills are, likewise, utterly necessary but insufficient. Today’s economy demands not only a high-level competence in the traditional academic disciplines but also what might be called 21st century skills. Here’s w hat they are: knowing more about the world, thinking outside the box, becoming smarter about new sources of information, developing good people skills.Can our public schools, originally designed to educate workers for agrarian(土地的)life and industrial-age factories, make the necessary shifts? The state of Michigan, admitting that it can no longer count on the unwell auto industry to absorb its poorly educated and low-skilled workers, is retooling its high schools, instituting what are among the most rigorous graduation requirements in the nation. Elsewhere, organizations like the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation, the Carnegie Foundation for the Advancement of Teaching and the Asia Society are pouring money and expertise into model programs to show the way.11. The purpose of the dark little joke in the first paragraph was[A] to describe the modern life.[B] to introduce the present situation of American schools.[C] to introduce Rip Van Winkle.[D] to explain how the old man knows where he is.12. What is the aut hor’s i mpression of today’s American school children?[A] Their school life is definitely isolated from the outside.[B] They can hand in their homework by internet.[C] They no longer use the textbook in the class.[D] Their school life seems the same as their great-grandparents.13. In the aut hor’s op inion, the big public conversation will[A] focus on closing the achievement gap between social classes.[B] focus on the teaching method and educational curriculum.[C] determine whether the children will lose in the world economic development.[D] determine whether the children can speak a second language other than English.14. What has been agreed on in the report of the New Commission?[A] A conversation between the bipartisan representative members.[B] The release of a blueprint for rethinking American education.[C] Proposals on better the student to thrive in the world economy.[D] The necessity to change the present teaching content and method.15. According to the passage, which of the following is NOT true?[A] American school is developing to some degree.[B] No Child Left Behind testing focuses on the reading and math capability of children.[C] The graduation requirement of Michigan is very liberal.[D] Our public schools designed to culture workers for farms and industrial factories at first.Text DMom always said milk was good for you. But Mom hasn’t been heeding her own advice. For decades, milk consumption has trickled downward while that of cola has nearly tripled. Among beverages, milk ranks fourth in popularity after soft drinks, coffee and beer.Pepsi is trying to raise milk’s profile by applying the marketing tactics that have spread cola to all parts of the globe. The company is starting smaller, test marketing a beverage called Smooth Moos Smoothies in Texas, Oklahoma and Kansas. It is a 2% fat dairy shake package in old-fashioned milk bottles, and it comes in such flavors as double chocolate and banana. The product gives consumers 25% of their daily calcium requirement and keeps retailers happy with a shelf life(保质期) of nine months. “Here was an opportunity to take something traditionally thought of as a commonplace and make it fun and dynamic,” says April Thornton, director of new products at Pep si. Don’t look for Cindy Crawford endorsement: at about 250 calories, Smooth Moos tops a can of Pepsi by 100 calories.Italy’s milk giant Parmalat also has cola on its mind. The company makes boxed, ultra-heated milk, popular in Italy that has a shelf life of up to six months. In the U.S. market, Parmalat has introduced boxed and fresh varieties and is spending $25 million on advertising in an effort to make itself “the Coca-Cola of milk”.The milk mustache campaign, with such notables as Christie Brinkley, Jennifer Aniston and Lauren Becall sporting white upper lips and exclaiming, “Milk, what a surprise!” has been running since last January. The National Fluid Milk Processor Board has also joined forces with its California counterpart to license a series o f TV spots called “Got Milk?” The theme is that people only think about milk when they haven’t got it. “For the first time the industry is focusing on milk as a beverage,” says Gordon McDonald, senior vice president at the American Dairy Association. “Usin g beverage-marketing tactics can work for milk. Milk products, packaging and advertising haven’t changed in 25 years, but now we are taking a look at all these things to make milk more competitive.”Is it? The answer may well be yes. Boosted by the campaigns, milk sales have increased for the first time in decades, up 9% over last year. That’s not enough to strain the dairy herd, and milk’s not going to be replacing Chardonnay at Hollywood parties. But for a product that’s been in a 30-year funk (怯懦), it’s not a bad start to a comeback.16. At the beginning of the passage, it is implied that[A] milk is good for children.[B] milk is a household necessity.[C] milk consumption has declined because of cola.[D] milk consumption has fallen behind that of soft drinks.17. What is NOT true about Smooth Moos Smoothies?[A] It was developed by Pepsi.[B] It was a new kind of cola.[C] It has a longer self life than traditional milk products.[D] Some people won’t like its high calor ies.18. By “For the first time…as a beverage”, Gordon McDonald implies that[A] milk used to be thought of as non-beverage.[B] milk used to be consumed by drinkers only.[C] the industry intends to reformulate milk’s image.[D] the industry is bringing out a cartful of new milk beverages.19. From the last paragraph we know that[A] Milk has little possibility to become more competitive.[B] Milk sales have been increasing for decades.[C] Milk will someday take the place of other beverages.[D] Milk products have seen depression for 30 years.20. What’s the author’s attitude towards the milk campaign?[A] Objective and actual.[B] Cynical and indifferent.[C] Serious and pessimistic.[D] Argumentative and optimistic.语境词汇Text A1. light ad.轻装地n.光v.点燃2. self-contained a.独立的；沉默寡言的3. automatic a.必然的；自动的；无意识的4. confidence n.知心话；信任；信心5. agreeable a.惬意的；易相处的；适宜的6. mixer n.善于或者不善于交际的人；搅拌机Text B1. census n.人口调查2. interval n.间隔，空隙；幕间休息；中断3. anchor v.使固定；抛锚泊船n.铁锚4. dissolution n.解散，解除；溶解，液化5. mortality n.死亡率，死亡数目6. precipitate v.突然地发生；使陷入Text C1. dissident n.&a.持异议的（人），持不同政见的（人）2. pin vt.使固定；（用别针）别住n.别针；胸针3. scribble v.潦草地书写；乱涂n.乱涂乱写的东西4. yawn vi.裂开，豁开；打哈欠，欠身n.呵欠；裂口5. chasm n.分歧，隔阂；（地壳的）裂隙，断层6. meager a.贫乏的；少量的；瘦的Text D1. heed vt.听某人的劝告，听从2. beverage n.饮料3. shake n.奶昔4. package vt.将…加以包装n.包装5. endorsement n.赞同，支持6. notable n.名人，要人a.显著的，著名的7. sport vt.＆vi.炫耀；嬉戏n.运动8. exclaim vt.＆vi.呼喊，惊叫，大声说9. boost vt.推动；提高n.帮助；提高难句突破Text A1. Becket had one occasional anxiety: the suspicion that he owned more than would fit comfortably into the case.【分析】复合句。
星期1 MondayNothing seek, nothing find.没有追求就没有收获。
I still remember — my hands and my fingertips still remember! — what used to lie in store for us on our return to school from the holidays. The trees in the schoolyard would be in full leaves again, and the old leaves would be lying around in scattered heaps like a muddy sea of leaves.“Get that all swept up!” the headmaster would tell us. “I want the whole place cleaned up, at once!” There was enough work there, to last for over a week. Especially since the only tools with which we were provided were our hands, our fingers, our nails. “Now see that it‟s done properly, and be quick about it,” the headmaster would say to the older pupils, “or you‟ll have to answer for it!”So at an order from the older boys we would all line up like peasants about to cut and gather in crops. If the work was not going as quickly as the headmaster expected, the big boys, instead of giving us a helping hand, used to find it simpler to whip us with branches pulled from the trees. In order to avoid these blows, we used to bribe our tyrants with the juicy cakes we used to bring for our midday meal. And if we happened to have any money on us the coins changed hands at once. If we did not do this, if we were afraid of going home with an empty stomach or an empty purse, the blows were re-doubled. They hit us so violently and with such devilish enjoyment that even a deaf and dumb person would have realized that we were being flogged not so much to make us work harder, but rather to beat us into a state of obedience in which we would be only too glad to give up our food and money.Occasionally one of us, worn out by such calculated cruelty, would have the courage to complain to the headmaster. He would of course be angry, but the punishment he gave the older boys was always very small — nothing compared to what they had done to us. And the fact is that however much we complained our situation did not improve in the slightest. Perhaps we should have let our parents know what was going on, but somehow we never dreamed of doing so; I don‟t know whether it was loyalty or pride that kept us silent, but I can see now that we were foolish to keep quiet about it, for such beatings were completely foreign to our nature.1. From the way the headmaster spoke, we can learn that[A] he was ordering the older boys to do the work at once.[B] he actually expected everyone to join the work.[C] he did not care who did the work provided it was done quickly and properly.[D] he wanted the older boys to take the responsibility rather than work themselves.2. The older boys beat the younger ones so hard because[A] they were too lazy to work themselves and enjoyed being cruel.[B] they knew this would make them offer bribes and food and money.[C] the headmaster would be angry with them if the work was not done.[D] the younger ones would work much faster and harder.3. What would some of the younger ones occasionally do if they‟re beaten?[A] Bribe the older ones with their midday meals.[B] Give any money they have to the older ones.[C] Bear the cruelty without daring to say a word.[D]Tell the headmaster about what had happened.4. What‟s the result of boys‟ complaining to the headmaster about their sufferings?[A] The older boys were taught a good lesson.[B] The older boys got a suitable punishment.[C] It only made matters worse.[D] It made no difference at all.5. It is implied in the passage that[A] the headmaster was very unreasonable since he put the older boys in charge of the work.[B] the younger boys were quite willing to offer their food and money for they were obedient.[C] the older boys didn‟t get any punishment because they had had the work finished quickly.[D] the writer seems to feel regret for not having told their parents about their sufferings at school.Text BUniversal values are always to be found underlying the Olympic Games: participation, enthusiasm, courage, commitment, loyalty, determination, will and true nobility of soul. During the 17 days of fierce competition, with the support of strength and technique, the world‟s champions will be decided by their own strength, determination and skill, determining those who will take pride of place in the Olympic hall of fame.Torino 2006 is a unique occasion to be there, to breathe in the Olympic atmosphere, to experience the culture of the Games in person, to discover the character of the city and region, its historical, cultural, sporting and cooking traditions.The values of brotherhood and dialogue between people and their cultures, making the Olympic Games such a unique sporting event, will be celebrated by athletes marching and waving their national flags and colors. The Italian style and creativity will be expressed through amazing settings, great dancings, astonishing light installations and a memorable soundtrack. Competition FacilitiesThe specially built or renovated winter sports facilities in Torino are located in a central area known as the Olympic District. The Olympic venues in Torino can be easily reached from the specially provided car parks by shuttle and public transport.LogoThe “Mole Antonelliana” takes on the resembla nce of a mountain reaching far up high, where the white of the snow meets the blue of the sky. The Torino 2006 Olympic Games Logo is the perfect synthesis of geographical, emotional and cultural meaning. The geometric forms of the ice crystals which form the heart of the Mole — the symbolic essence of the city of Torino — are interwoven to form a closely woven net: the web, token of technology, but in particular of the eternal spirit of communion between nations, which the Olympic Games have represented rightfrom their creation.The ideals linked to the logo reflect the very nature of the Games:City/Culture — mountain/nature relationship: the logo recalls not only the Mole Antonelliana (the city and architecture) but also the Alpine peaks (the unspoilt nature of the mountain districts), expressing a sense of exchange and interaction between the alpine resorts and the city.Transparency: the mountains are not seen as an obstruction but rather as a gateway between Torino and the rest of the world. They do not hinder interchange between populations with different cultural traditions, but rather enhance it. The sheer force of the multicultural issues adds prestige and emotional value to the Olympic Games.Dynamism: Torino is always on the move and the passion with which it takes on the role of host city of the Games is proof of this.Design and technology: the city develops in line with the times. The most famous Italian designers contribute to make Torino one of the most fashionable cities in the world, a true trendsetter.MascotsNeve and Gliz are the Torino 2006 mascots. They are the creative idea of Portuguese designer Pedro Albuquerque, winner of the international competition held by TOROC (Torino Organizing Committee for the 20th Olympic Winter Games). She (Neve) is a soft, friendly and elegant snowball. He (Gliz) is a lively and playful ice cube. The shapes of their bodies and the sounds of their names — Neve and Gliz — remind us of the two vital elements for practicing winter sports.Together, they sum up the highest Italian and Olympic values: friendship and enthusiasm, loyalty and fun, design and the capacity to innovate.6. We can we infer from the beginning of the passage that the athletes[A] want nothing more than just participation.[B] want to perform better than anyone else in the field.[C] want to entertain the spectators in the stadium.[D] want to be as close as possible to the fastest speed.7. The underlined phrase “take pride of place” in Para. 1 means[A] to occupy the advantageous place.[B] to have the most important position.[C] to feel proud of themselves.[D] to perform very well.8. Which of the following statements is NOT true?[A] The Olympic Winter Games of Torino 2006 lasted 17 days.[B] Torino built and renovated a number of winter sports facilities for the Games.[C] The “Mole Antonelliana” is the symbol of the city of Torino.[D] The Alpine peaks prevent Torino‟s communion with the world.9. According to the passage, we know that[A] the Torino 2006 Olympic Games Logo is designed by a Portuguese designer.[B] the woven net in the logo shows that Italy is an advanced country technologically.[C] Torino likes people who move in and out constantly.[D] TOROC held an international competition for designing the mascots.10. The two most important elements for winter sports are[A] Neve and Gliz. [B] snowball and ice cube.[C] snow and ice. [D] friendship and enthusiasm.Text CIf you are running a Windows computer, you must install an array of security software to prevent an international collection of crooks, hackers, vandals and sleazy business people who aim to invade your PC through the Internet.You need a good antivirus program, a strong firewall program, an effective antispam program, and a program that specializes in stopping spyware and adware. But the fastest-growing computer security problem isn‟t viruses or other traditional malicious programs, and it can‟t be entirely defeated by using security software. It‟s called …social engineering‟, and it consists of tactics t hat try to fool users into giving up sensitive financial data that criminals can use to steal their money and even their identities.Here are a few tips to help you avoid these schemes:1. Don‟t trust email from financial institutions. Email is so easily m anipulated by crooks that you simply should never, ever consider any email from a financial institution as legitimate. The message may bear a bank‟s or a broker‟s logo, but you should never respond to such an email, and never click on any link it contains.2. Never respond to unsolicited commercial email, or spam, or even click on a link in an unsolicited commercial email. In the old days, responding to spam just got you on more spam email lists. Today, it might also result in the secret installation of a key logger or other malicious software.Besides, any company that has to resort to spam as a sales tool isn‟t likely to have a very good product to offer. Do you really think that if someone had invented a pill that enlarged breasts, he would be selling it through spam? He would have sold it to a big drug company for billions.The only safe response to spam is to ignore it and delete it.3. Don‟t download or use free software unless you are sure it‟s legitimate. Sites offering free cursors, for instance, can secretly install all sorts of bad stuff on your PC. This is especially true of free security software, which is sometimes just malicious software posing as a security program. If you suddenly see a security program pop up on your PC, don‟t trust it.There are many legitimate free programs, but check them out before downloading. Look them up on the CNET or PC Magazine websites, which review most software. If they are not covered there, assume they are not legitimate. You may pass up some free programs that are real, but it could save you from huge grief.There are some new security programs aimed directly at social-engineering cheats. A new add-on for the Firefox web browser, called Shazou, can tell you where a website‟s server is located. If you think you are on the Bank of America website, but Shazou tells you the server is in Russia, that is a clue that you are being cheated. And Symantec plans a new product called Norton Confidential that will tell you if a website appears to be a fake.The best defense against social engineering, however, is to be smart and careful.11. To prevent your PC from being invaded, you must[A] use a Windows system.[B] install all kinds of security software.[C] look out for vandals and business people.[D] not surf the Internet.12. We can infer from the second paragraph that computer-security problems[A] are caused by viruses and malicious programs.[B] can be solved by installing a range of security software.[C] make PC users let out private financial information.[D] may be made use of by criminals to steal PC users‟ computers.13. If you get an email bearing a bank‟s logo, you should[A] trust it.[B] consider whether it is legitimate.[C] respond to it immediately.[D] click on the link it contains.14. We learn from the passage that[A] opening an unsolicited commercial email will lead to more spam.[B] products sold by companies through spam are unlikely to be good.[C] there is no safe way to deal with spam.[D] there is no necessity to download free software be cause it‟s too dangerous.15. If you want to make sure whether a free program is legitimate or not, you should[A] turn to the CNET or PC Magazine websites.[B] install a new Firefox web browser.[C] turn to Shazou for help.[D] use Norton Confidential to identify.Text DA second conclusion to be drawn from experience is the close connection between export expansion and economic development. The high-growth countries were characterized by rapid expansion in exports. Here again it is important to note that export expansion was not confined to those countries fortunate in their natural resources, such as the oil-exporting countries. Some of the developing countries were able to expand their exports in spite of limitations in natural resources by initiating economic policies that shifted resources from inefficient domestic manufacturing industries to export production. Nor was export expansion from the developing countries confined to primary products. There was very rapid expansion of exports of labor-intensive manufactured goods. Countries that adopted export-oriented development strategies experienced extremely high rates of growth that were regarded as unattainable in the 1950s and 1960s. They were also able to maintain their growth momentum during periods of worldwide recession better than were the countries that maintained their import substitution policies.Analysts have pointed to a number of reasons why the export-oriented growth strategy seems to deliver more rapid economic development than the import substitution strategy. First, a developing country able to specialize in producing labor-intensive commodities uses its comparative advantage in the international market and is also better able to use its most abundant resource — unskilled labor. The experience of export-oriented countries has been that there is little or no disguised unemployment once labor-market regulations are cancelled and incentives are created for individual firms to sell in the export market. Second, most developing countries have such small domestic markets that efforts to grow by starting industries that rely on domestic demand result in uneconomically small, inefficient enterprises. Moreover, those enterprises willtypically be protected from international competition and the incentives it provides for efficient production techniques. Third, an export-oriented strategy is inconsistent with the impulse to impose detailed economic controls; the absence of such controls, and their replacement by incentives, provides a great stimulus to increases in output and to the efficiency with which resources are employed. The increasing capacity of a developing country‟s entrepreneurs to adapt their resources and internal economic organization to the pressures of world-market demand and international competition is a very important connecting link between export expansion and economic development. It is important in this connection to stress the educative effect of freer international trade in creating an environment conducive to the acceptance of new ideas, new wants, and new techniques of production and methods of organization from abroad.16. According to the passage, how do developing countries expand the export?[A] By limiting import.[B] By exploring more natural resources.[C] By transmitting resources to export production.[D] By shifting resources to primary products.17. What‟s NOT true about export expansion?[A] It fulfills the previous unattainable growth.[B] It can overcome recession.[C] It promotes economic growth more rapidly than import.[D] It‟s inadaptable to countries scarce in natural resources.18. The export-oriented strategy is important to developing countries because[A] it helps to export their natural resources.[B] it helps to make good use of their unskilled labor.[C] it helps to meet the growing need of import.[D] it helps to stimulate the domestic need.19. What is the author‟s attitude towards “freer international trade”?[A] Critical. [B] Approving. [C] Questioning. [D] Subjective.20. This passage is mainly about[A] export-oriented strategy. [B] export expansion.[C] import expansion. [D] economic development.语境词汇Text A1. whip v.鞭打；搅打（奶油、蛋等）n.鞭子2. blow n.（用拳、武器等的）一击,殴打v.吹，刮；使开花3. devilish a.恶魔般的，凶神恶煞的4. flog v.多次重打；鞭打5. obedience n.服从，顺从6. calculated a.存心的，预先设计好的7. in the slightest 根本，一点儿也…（常用于否定句中）8. be foreign to和…无关Text B1. in person 亲身，亲自2. by shuttle 搭乘往返班车3. renovate v.改建，修葺；更新4. take on the resemblance of 呈现与…的相似性5. eternal a.永恒的；永久的6. synthesis n.交融，融合；综合(体)7. unspoilt a.未被破坏的Text C1. malicious a.恶意的；恶毒的2. tactic n.方案，策略；战术3. legitimate a.合法的；合情合理的4. scheme n.阴谋，伎俩；方案v.策划；搞阴谋5. manipulate vt.操纵，控制6. resort to 依靠，凭借7. review n.评论；温习；检查v.对…下评论；温习；检查8. pass up 错过Text D1. be confined to… 局限于…2. be fortunate in natural resource自然资源丰富3. initiate vt.创始，新采取4. labor-intensive a.劳动密集型的5. be inconsistent with… 与…背道而驰，与…相抵触6. incentive n.刺激，诱因7. be conducive to… 有益于…难句突破Text A1. They hit us so violently and with such devilish enjoyment that even a deaf and dumb person would have realized that we were being flogged not so much to make us work harder, but rather to beat us into a state of obedience in which we would be only too glad to give up our food and money.【分析】复合句。
