概要写作之记叙文概括
月考
?阅读下面短文，然后按要求写一篇150词左右的英语短文。
? A father came home from work late, tired and exhausted. He worked day
and night, hoping to earn more money for his only child. His 5-year-old daughter was waiting for him at the door.
?“Dad, how much do you earn an hour?”asked the daughter.
?“Why do you ask that?”
?“I just want to know. Please tell me how much you earn an hour.”
?“If you really want to know ... I earn $20 an hour.”
?“Oh,” the little girl replied with her head down. Looking up, she said, “Dad,
may I borrow $10?”
?The father became angry. “Go to bed right now! Think about how selfish
you are. I work hard every day, but you just want to buy your silly toy!”
?The little girl quietly went to her bedroom, feeling sad. After an hour or so,
the father calmed down and started to feel sorry because she really didn’t ask for money very often. So he went to his daughter’s room and gave her $10.
?The little girl jumped from the bed. “Oh, thank you, Dad!”She was really
happy indeed.
?Then she took out her own savings and said,“Dad, I have $20 now. Can I buy an
hour of your time? Please come home earlier tomorrow. I would like to have dinner with you.”
?[写作内容]
? 1.以约30个词概括上文的主要内容。
1. Main factors
When: Where:
Who:
What:
How:
2 Your Version:
________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________
1. It was raining outside when I got up early in the morning. It’s too bad, I had to go to school by bus. I said to myself. It was almost seven o’clock before I left home. I put on my raincoat and ran to the bus stop in a hurry, for I thought a lot of people might be waiting there. Hardly had I got there when a bus was coming. I got on the bus immediately, hoping it was possible for me to take a seat. I saw an empty seat and took
it. But I found an old lady standing behind me. I stood up at once and was about to ask her to take the seat when a young girl in a modern skirt made a dive for it. I could hardly bel ieve it. I glared at her, thinking, “What bad manners!” She cares for nobody but herself. Won’t she grow old in the future?”
要求：以约30个词概括短文的要点。
1.圈画出五要素When/Where/Who/What/How
2.补充信息
(When) , (Who) .
(Where) (What) to (Who) standing behind him,
but (Who) (What) .
3. Your Version:
________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ 2. I was studying in high school when my brother left home for the first time to go to a residential college. He was excited about going to a new town, a new college, and above all, being on his own. Nobody would tell him about wake-up time. I was fascinated with the rewards and privileges that high school graduation brought to people.
About two weeks after my brother left home, his tear-stained(泪痕) letter arrived telling how much he missed all of us. It was evident that he cried writing this letter and thinking about the things he missed which hadn’t been a big deal to him just two weeks earlier.
I learned that the first year of college did not just involve going away to college, it was also about leaving home. Now, as a psychologist, I know that leaving home for college is one of the first major steps in separating from the family and becoming independent.
要求：以约30个词概括短文的要点。
Your Version:
________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________
英语记叙文写作方法总结英语的写作体裁有多种, 不同体裁的写作是为了达到不同的目的。传统上英语把写作归为四类: 记叙文、描写文、说明文和议论文。 一、什么是记叙文。 记叙文是以记人、叙事为主要职能, 对社会生活中的人或事物的情态变化和发展进行叙述和描写的一种常见文章样式。它反映作者对某种生活的理解和评价, 并以此来启示、教育和感染读者。 以记人为主的记叙文, 人物作为主要记叙的对象。它一般是通过对人物在事件中的行为、活动的叙述和描写, 来表现人物的精神、品质或个性特点。 以叙事为主的记叙文, 通常是以社会生活中所发生的典型事件为主要叙述对象。虽然任何事情的发展都离不开人, 但在叙事文中, 应着重突出事件的社会意义, 尽量详细地描绘事件经过, 以达到用事件来教育或提醒人们的目的。先请看下面一段文章: (1) Alfred Nobe,l the Swedish inventor and in-dustrialist, was aman ofmany contrasts. He was the son of a bankrupt, but became a millionaire; a scientist with a love of literature, an industrialist whomanagedto remain an idealist. Hemadea fortune but lived a simple life, and although cheerful in company, he was often sad in private. A lover of man-kind, he never had a wife or family to love him; a patriotic son of his native land, he died alone on foreign soil. He inven ted a new explosive, dyn amite, to improve the peacetime industries of
概要写作（Summary writing），被称为“小作文”。概要写作分值占据15分，考查的是考生阅读和写作的综合能力。 概要写作所给定的语篇一般在200-250字，内容丰富多样，包含故事、时政、科普等，体裁以记叙文、说明文为主，字数一般要求在50-60字，答案尽量符合“Key points of a summary”的要求。 一．正确认识概要写作 1. Definition of summary writing（概要写作的定义） By summary, we mean a brief restatement, in your own words, of the content of a passage, an article, a chapter or a book. 2. Key points of a summary（概要写作的要点） Conciseness（简要性）：Omit unnecessary details like examples, explanations and other unimportant information. Length: 1/4-1/3 of the original text. Completeness（完整性）：To include all the main and supporting points delivered in you own words in a condensed manner. Accuracy（准确性）：To give the same attention and stress to the points as the author does. Coherence（连贯性）：Rather than an outline listed as key words and phrases, a summary is a paragraph with necessary transitions and function structures to make it flow. Objectivity（客观性）：Do not include your own ideas or emotions on the topic. The summary should reflect the content of the original passage only. 3. Steps to write a summary（概要写作的步骤） 1）Skim the text to find out the general theme. 2）Analyze the text’s structure to divide it into several sections, find out the main idea of each section and write it out briefly with your own words. (one sentence) 3）Write down the key supporting points for each main idea without involving minor details. 4）Organize the main and related supporting points in a logical order with necessary transitions to achieve coherence. 5）Proofread for grammatical, spelling and punctuation mistakes. 4. Beginning of a summary（概要写作的开头） Begin your summary with: *The author’s name *The article’s or chapter’s name *The author’s thesis statement—a general overview(survey) of the article. The Body: First of all, the author describes…… He then points out that…… In addition, the author talks about…… Finally, the author suggests…… Some other introductory phrases: *(The author) states in (this article) that…
概要写作写作指导 篇一：周永鹏概要写作教学设计 概要写作教学设计 台州一中周永鹏 Learning Goals: 1. Learn about the main features of an exposition 2. Learn how to find the main points in each paragraph 3. Learn to use various ways to express the main points 4. Learn to use transition to make the summary coherent 5. Learn to use checklist to make comment on a summary 6. Learn about the importance of safe driving Teaching Procedure: Step 1 Lead-in T: First, I want to show you some
pictures. What do you think of these traffic accidents? S: Traffic accidents are dangerous. T: Yes, they are not only dangerous but also very common. According to a survey, most causes of traffic accidents are related with drivers. Can you list some reasons? S: Speeding; Tired driving; Drunk driving; Careless driving; Using cell phones while driving Step2 Determine the text type and main aspect of each paragraph T: Today we will focus on a passage on a social phenomenon, which is using cell phones while driving. Do you think what aspects will be mentioned in the passage? S: cause; effect; solution; opinion and so on. Cause: Not mentioned Negative effect: Para2
英语记叙文写作 一、记叙文的特点 记叙文是以叙述、描写为主要表达手段来记人、叙事、写景、状物的一种文体。 通常分为三类： 1．以人物为主的记叙文，即以人物为中心组织材料，围绕这个人物来写一件或两件事。 2．以事件为主的记叙文，即以事件为中心组织材料，围绕中心事件，可以写一个人或几个人。 3．以写景状物为主的记叙文。但是“人以事显，事由人生”，人和事是密不可分的。也就是说，在一篇记叙文中，记人、写景、叙事往往是交织在一起的，不可硬性分开，但各有侧重。 二、记叙文的写作技巧 在写记叙文时通常应遵循以下几点： 1．确定文章内容和中心。定内容时，选材要注意新颖和真实。因为新颖的题材才能吸引读者的兴趣，真实的内容才能流露出真情实感。选材时不一定总是要写惊天动地的大事，也可以写日常生活中的小事，通过“以小见大”的点滴小事更能反映出一个人的性格特征和精神风貌，更能打动读者。定中心时要注意文章中心思想的明确和集中。要抓住文章要表现的精神，让读者一目了然。而且文章主旨要集中，不能太分散。 2．要交待要素，即时间、地点、人物、事件的起因、经过和结果。在行文的过程中交待要素时，不能呆板，要根据情况灵活把握。 3. 记叙文一定要有清楚的线索。虽然观察的角度、记述的方式可以不同，但每一篇文章都应当有一条关联材料、统贯全篇的中心线索，否则文章就会松散。 4．要力求内容具体。有了具体的内容，文章才能显得生动，才能使人受到感染并留下深刻的印象。要做到这一点，必须善于在叙事过程中对最能体现人物思想、性格特征的肖像、语言、行动和心理等进行适当地描写。 5．记叙文通常是按照事情发展的先后顺序来表达内容的，而且要根据文章的中心确定详略并且要得当。 6．对于写景状物类的文章，要注意写出被描写事物的形和神，做到形神兼俱，更重要的是一定要写出作者的思想感情，表达出作者的人生态度和追求等。这类文章我们可以采用“借景抒情”“托物言志”的写作方法。 7．写作时要注意时态和人称。一般用第一人称写本人的经历和耳闻目睹的事情，用第三人
概要写作---记叙文
判断叙述方式1圈划关键句分层文章内容 2 3 三步走
一、叙述方式
一、事情发展顺序（总括） 起因（开端） 经过 结果（启示）二、时间发展顺序（总括） 时间1---事件1 时间2---事件2 时间N---事件N （总括）
【例1】 Tu Youyou has become the first Chinese woman to win a Nobel Prize, for her work in helping to create an anti-malaria medicine. The 84-year-old's route to the honor has been anything but traditional. Tu Youyou started her malaria research after she was recruited to a top-secret government unit known as “mission 523”. In 1967, Communist leader Mao Zedong decided there was an urgent national need to find a cure for malaria. At the time, malaria spread by Vietnam. A secret research unit was formed to find a cure for the illness. Two years later, Tu Youyou was instructed to become the new head of Mission 523. She was dispatched to the southern Chinese island of Hainan to study how malaria threatened human health. Ancient Chinese texts inspired Tu Youyou's search for her Nobel-prize winning medicine. Mission 523 pored over ancient books to find historical methods of fighting malaria. When she started her search for an anti-malarial drug, over 240 000 compounds around the world had already been tested, without any success. Finally, the team found a brief reference to one substance, sweet wormwood, which had been used to treat malaria in China around 400 AD.
概要写作之记叙文概括 月考 ?阅读下面短文，然后按要求写一篇150词左右的英语短文。 ? A father came home from work late, tired and exhausted. He worked day and night, hoping to earn more money for his only child. His 5-year-old daughter was waiting for him at the door. ?“Dad, how much do you earn an hour?”asked the daughter. ?“Why do you ask that?” ?“I just want to know. Please tell me how much you earn an hour.” ?“If you really want to know ... I earn $20 an hour.” ?“Oh,” the little girl replied with her head down. Looking up, she said, “Dad, may I borrow $10?” ?The father became angry. “Go to bed right now! Think about how selfish you are. I work hard every day, but you just want to buy your silly toy!” ?The little girl quietly went to her bedroom, feeling sad. After an hour or so, the father calmed down and started to feel sorry because she really didn’t ask for money very often. So he went to his daughter’s room and gave her $10. ?The little girl jumped from the bed. “Oh, thank you, Dad!”She was really happy indeed. ?Then she took out her own savings and said,“Dad, I have $20 now. Can I buy an hour of your time? Please come home earlier tomorrow. I would like to have dinner with you.” ?[写作内容] ? 1.以约30个词概括上文的主要内容。 1. Main factors When: Where: Who: What: How: 2 Your Version: ________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ 1. It was raining outside when I got up early in the morning. It’s too bad, I had to go to school by bus. I said to myself. It was almost seven o’clock before I left home. I put on my raincoat and ran to the bus stop in a hurry, for I thought a lot of people might be waiting there. Hardly had I got there when a bus was coming. I got on the bus immediately, hoping it was possible for me to take a seat. I saw an empty seat and took
英语记叙文的写作方法 记叙文也称叙述文，是一种以记叙/叙述的手法来表述人物、事件的文体。记叙文以写人、记事、状物为主要内容，以叙述和描写为表达方式的文章。常见的属于记叙文文体的作品有：故事、游记、通讯、新闻报道、历史、人物传记、日记和回忆录等。 1.记叙文的分类 记叙文一般说来，它大致分为三类： 一是以记人为主的记叙文，主要是对人物的经历、活动或者性格特征进行叙述，即以人物为中心组织材料，围绕这个人物可以写一件事，也可写几件事；集中主要人物的描写，记叙人物遇到的事情及人物有什么影响。此类记叙文重在描述人物的活动。 二是以写事为主的记叙文，是对某一事件的发生、发展过程和结果进行叙述，即以事件为中心组织材料，围绕中心事件可以写一个人，也可以写几个人；为了引起读者的注意，可以从一些纠纷或交叉事件中展开，直到高潮出现，再将问题解决。此类记叙文重在表述事件的发生发展过程。 三是以写景状物为主的记叙文。 但应注意的是，在一篇记叙文中，写人、写景、写事往往是交织在一起的，不能截然分开，但各有侧重。 2.记叙文写作要点如下： １)．明确写作目的和叙述的中心思想，段落叙述始终围绕着主题而展开，避免空间的叙述和与主题无关的内容。 ２)．明确五个“W”和一个“H” 要写好记叙文，首先必须确定写些什么，然后懂得如何收集、选取素材，而不能提笔就写，写到哪里算哪里。 一篇完整的记叙文要能够把某一事件的经过情形介绍清楚，能回答有关这件事情的五个“W”和一个“H” ：when(时间) where（地点）who（人物）why（原因）what（经过）how(结果)，做到有条有理，使读者易于明白。 ３)．一篇记叙文，无论长短如何都应该是一个完全独立的事实，因此，在下笔时必须明确：该从何处开始叙述，该在何处结束叙述，以及应该提供何种事实才能使叙述完整。４)．写作顺序可以采用“顺叙”、“倒叙”和“穿插叙述”的方法。正叙是英语叙述文中最常用的一种结构，即以人物出现、活动或事件开始发生的时间点作为记叙的起点，然后按照人物活动的展开、事件发生发展的自然顺序进行叙述。倒叙则是在文章的开头就交待人物活动或事件发展的结果。插叙这一结构在我们的英文写作中很少用到。但初学者最好采用“顺叙”的方法进行训练，以情节发生时间的先后为序 记叙文也曾记事文，用于记叙事情的发展变化或人物的经历，它简单易学又很常用，所以最适合学生学习英语作文。它可以通过记日记的形式进行练习。学记叙文时习作者可将自己一天的活动（或一次活动）依时间顺序或空间顺序记下来。当然，随着写作水平的提高，以后就应该打破这种顺序的限制。 5).确定以第几人称记叙 记叙某个人物的经历、活动或某件事情的经过离不开叙述的主体，即“人称”。一般来说，英语记叙文展开记叙的视角有两个：第一人称和第三人称。第一人称是从“参与者”的角度进行记叙；第三人称是以“观察者”的身份展开叙述。第一人称的叙述主观色彩较浓，可以增强文章的真实感，有利于表述细腻的情感和细节的过程；第三人称的叙述可以超越时空的限制，更加真实、客观地表述某一人物活动或事件的全过程。
英语记叙文写作方法总结 英语的写作体裁有多种,不同体裁的写作是为了达到不同的目的。传统上英语把写作归为四类:记叙文、描写文、说明文和议论文。 一、什么是记叙文。 记叙文是以记人、叙事为主要职能,对社会生活中的人或事物的情态变化和发展进行叙述和描写的一种常见文章样式。它反映作者对某种生活的理解和评价,并以此来启示、教育和感染读者。 以记人为主的记叙文,人物作为主要记叙的对象。 它一般是通过对人物在事件中的行为、活动的叙述和描写,来表现人物的精神、品质或个性特点。 以叙事为主的记叙文,通常是以社会生活中所发生的典型事件为主要 叙述对象。虽然任何事情的发展都离不开人,但在叙事文中,应着重突出事件的社会意义,尽量详细地描绘事件经过,以达到用事件来教育或提醒人们的目的。先请看下面一段文章: (1)Alfred Nobe,l the Swedish inventor and in-dustrialist, was aman ofmany contrasts. He was the son of a bankrupt, but became a millionaire; a scientist with a love of literature, an industrialist who managed to remain an idealist. He made a fortune but lived a simple life, and although cheerful in company, he was often sad in private. A lover of man-kind, he never had a wife or family to love him; a patriotic son of his native land, he died alone on foreign soil. He
记叙文写作方法与技巧 一．概念 记叙文也称叙述文，是一种以记叙/叙述的手法来表述人物、事件的文体。常见的属于记叙文文体的作品有：故事、游记、通讯、新闻报道、历史、人物传记、日记和回忆录等。记叙文大致可以分为两大类：以记人为主的记叙文和以叙事为主的记叙文。前者主要是对人物的经历、活动或者性格特征进行叙述；后者则是对某一事件的发生、发展过程和结果进行叙述。前者重在描述人物的活动，而后者则重在表述事件的发生发展过程。 二．六大要素 记叙文的写作要注意交待清楚六大要素，即时间(time)、地点(place)、人物 ( character)、事件的原因(cause)、经过(process)和结果( effect)。 由于记叙文中所涉及的要素比其他文体相对要多、要复杂，所以整篇文章的结构安排就显得尤其重要，安排不合理就会使读者产生混乱的感觉。 记叙文的展开一般都是以时间为主线来组织所要叙述的内容，使读者对文章中的人物或事件有一个比较清晰的了解。记叙文的结构安排通常有三种形式:正叙、倒叙和插叙。正叙是英语叙述文中最常用的一种结构，即以人物出现、活动或事件开始发生的时间点作为记叙的起点，然后按照人物活动的展开、事件发生发展的自然顺序进行叙述。倒叙则是在文章的开头就交待人物活动或事件发展的结果。插叙这一结构在我们的英文写作中很少用到。三．时态 记叙文讲述的大多是过去已经发生的活动或事件，因此用过去时态(一般过去时、过去进行时、过去将来时、过去完成时)的作品比较多。但有时为了使文章显得更加真实、亲切和生动，也可以使用现在时态(一般现在时、现在进行时、现在将来时、现在完成时)。四．人称 记叙某个人物的经历、活动或某件事情的经过离不开叙述的主体，即“人称”。记叙文中的人称大多采用第一人称或第三人称的形式。第一人称的叙述主观色彩较浓，可以增强文章的真实感，有利于表述细腻的情感和细节的过程；第三人称的叙述可以超越时空的限制，更加真实、客观地表述某一人物活动或事件的全过程。 无论采用第一人称，还是采用第二人称，都要保持全文叙述主体的人称的一致性。注意：句式尽量要多变，不要通篇文章的句子都以人称代词开头，否则文章会显得单调沉闷。例如: I loved the book first because of its beautiful heroine. Then I found it a romantic
最新浙江高考英语写作概要写作 1.题型介绍 ◆选材特点 （1）所需阅读的短文词数在350以内； （2）所选材料体裁没有限制，以说明文、议论文和记叙文为主。 ◆评分参考 （1）对原文要点的理解和呈现情况； （2）应用语法结构和词汇的准确性； 【 （3）上下文的连贯性； （4）对各要点表达的独立性情况。 注意：理解准确，涵盖全部要求，完全使用自己的语言，准确使用相应的语法结构和词汇，得分相应比较高。相反，如果概要写作部分出现两句以上整句抄自原文现象，得分档次将会大大降低；所写内容与所提供内容无关不得分。 2.考查能力 概要写作是阅读理解和书面表达二者的有机结合体。简言之就是简要概括所给文章中心大意。要求读者把文章的具体信息用具有概括功能的词和句表述出来，而非抄袭文章原句，更不是把细节性信息作为中心，而是要通过对文章中的单词、词组和句子进行合理转换，对文章的具体信息进行概括，再用合适的语言表述出来。这一题型主要考查学生对文章主旨大意的概括和准确获取关键词的能力，同时考查学生用简洁的语言概括文章重要信息的能力以及对文章整体结构的把握能力。 3.写作步骤 （1）通读全文。明确文章类型，主题，结构。
记叙文：5W+1H & 议论文：观点、论点、论据 说明文：说明对象，说明方式 （2）要点获取(4-5点)。寻找主题句；关键词；提问题。 （3）要点转述。同义替换；语态转换；词性改变；句子重构 （4）要点衔接。过渡型词句，逻辑连接词。 Writing 1 阅读下面短文，根据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。 Yesterday Matt was sick.I picked up Archie from the sitter and Eloise from school and decided to run to Target for a few things.I had hoped to be in and out quickly. ~ I found a line with just one person ahead of me and began organizing my items on the conveyor.After placing my items，I looked up to see that the person ahead of me was an elderly woman. She was paying for her items with change and wanted to purchase each separately.I was frustrated with this woman and the inconvenience she had placed on me. But then I watched the young employee with this woman.I watched him help her count her change，ever so softly taking it from her shaking hands. When she asked if she had enough to buy a reusable bag，he told her she did and went two lines over to get one for her and then repackaged her items.Never once was this employee angry.He was nothing but patient and kind. As I was watching him，I saw that Eloise was too.She was standing next to the woman，watching the employee count the change.I realized I hadn’t been inconvenienced at all.That my daughter was instead witnessing kindness and patience and being taught this valuable lesson by a complete stranger. When the woman was finished，the employee began ringing up my items and thanked me for my patience.I then thanked him for teaching us patience and
英语作文记叙文 写好记叙文的基本要领1.头绪分明，脉络清楚写好记叙文，首先要头绪分明，脉络清楚，明确文章要求写什么。 要对所写的事件或人物进行分析，弄清事件发生、发展一直到结束的整个过程，然后再收集选取素材。 这些素材都应该跟上述五个w”和一个h”有关。 尽管不是每篇记叙文里都必须包括这些w”和h”，但动笔之前，围绕五个w”和h”进行构思是必不可少的。 2.突出中心，详略得当在文章的框架确定后，对支持故事的素材的选取是很关键的。 选材要注意取舍，应该从表现文章主题的需要出发，分清主次，定好详略。 要突出重点，详写细述那些能表现文章主题的重要情节，略写粗述那么非关键的次要情节。 面面俱到反而使情节罗列化，使人不得要领。 这一点是写好记叙文要解决的一个基本问题，也需要一定的技巧。 如： onenightamancametoourhouseandtoldme,thereisafamilywitheightchildre n.theyhavenoteatenfordays.itooksomefoodwithmeandwent.whenifinallyca metothatfamily,isawthefacesofthoselittlechildrendisfigured（破坏外貌）
byhunger.therewasnosorroworsadnessintheirfaces,justthedeeppainofhung er.igavethericetothemother.shedividedthericeintwo,andwentout,carryingh alftherice.whenshecameback,iaskedher,wheredidyougo?shegavemethissi mpleanswer,tomyneighbors—theyarehungryalso!3.用活语言，准确生动记叙文要用具体的事件和生动的语言对人、事、物加以叙述。 一篇好的记叙文的语言既要准确、生动，又要表现力强，这样才能把人、事描写得具体生动，其可读性才强。 试比较下面一篇例文修改的前后效果。 onedayxiaoqiangwaswanderingaway.hewassoonlostamongpeopleandtraffi c.hecouldnotfindthewaybackhomeandstartedcrying.justthen,twoyoungstu dentswhowerepassingbyfoundhimstandingaloneinfrontofashopandcrying.t heywentuptoxiaoqiangandaskedhimwhathadhappened.xiaoqiangtoldthem howhegotlostandwherehelived.thetwostudentsdecidedtotakehimhome.m otherwaspleasedtoseexiaoqiangcomebacksafeandsound.sheinvitedthetwo studentsintothehouseandgavethemsomemoney,buttheydidn'ttakeit.sheser vedthemwithteabuttheyleft.修改后：theotherday,five-year-oldxiaoqianglefthomealoneandwanderedhappilyinthestreet.aftersometim e,hefelthungrysohewantedtogobackhome.buthefoundhewaslostamongthe crowdedpeopleandheavytraffic.whenhecouldnotfindthewayhome,hestarte dandcrying.justthen,twoyoungstudentswhowerepassingbyfromschoolfoun
上海高考英语新题型之概要写作 澄衷高级中学孙吉 从2017年起，上海英语高考试卷的题型将面临许多调整，其中之一便是增加了概要写作（Summary writing），也有许多人将之称为“小作文”。概要写作分值占据15分，考查的是考生阅读和写作的综合能力。 概要写作所给定的语篇一般在200-250字，内容丰富多样，包含故事、时政、科普等，体裁以记叙文、说明文为主，字数一般要求在50-60字，答案尽量符合“Key points of a summary”的要求。 一．正确认识概要写作 1. Definition of summary writing（概要写作的定义） By summary, we mean a brief restatement, in your own words, of the content of a passage, an article, a chapter or a book. 2. Key points of a summary（概要写作的要点） Conciseness（简要性）：Omit unnecessary details like examples, explanations and other unimportant information. Length: 1/4-1/3 of the original text. Completeness（完整性）：To include all the main and supporting points delivered in you own words in a condensed manner. Accuracy（准确性）：To give the same attention and stress to the points as the author does. Coherence（连贯性）：Rather than an outline listed as key words and phrases, a summary is a paragraph with necessary transitions and function structures to make it flow. Objectivity（客观性）：Do not include your own ideas or emotions on the topic. The summary should reflect the content of the original passage only. 3. Steps to write a summary（概要写作的步骤） 1）Skim the text to find out the general theme. 2）Analyze the text’s structure to divide it into several sections, find out the main idea of each section and write it out briefly with your own words. (one sentence) 3）Write down the key supporting points for each main idea without involving minor details. 4）Organize the main and related supporting points in a logical order with necessary transitions to achieve coherence. 5）Proofread for grammatical, spelling and punctuation mistakes. 4. Beginning of a summary（概要写作的开头） Begin your summary with: *The author’s name *The article’s or chapter’s name *The author’s thesis statement—a general overview(survey) of the article. The Body: First of all, the author describes……
英语记叙文的写作方法
记叙文写作方法与技巧 一．概念 记叙文也称叙述文，是一种以记叙/叙述的手法来表述人物、事件的文体。常见的属于记叙文文体的作品有：故事、游记、通讯、新闻报道、历史、人物传记、日记和回忆录等。记叙文大致可以分为两大类：以记人为主的记叙文和以叙事为主的记叙文。前者主要是对人物的经历、活动或者性格特征进行叙述；后者则是对某一事件的发生、发展过程和结果进行叙述。前者重在描述人物的活动，而后者则重在表述事件的发生发展过程。 二．六大要素 记叙文的写作要注意交待清楚六大要素，即时间(time)、地点(place)、人物( character)、事件的原因(cause)、经过(process)和结果( effect)。 由于记叙文中所涉及的要素比其他文体相对要多、要复杂，所以整篇文章的结构安排就显得尤其重要，安排不合理就会使读者产生混乱的感觉。 记叙文的展开一般都是以时间为主线来组织
所要叙述的内容，使读者对文章中的人物或事件有一个比较清晰的了解。记叙文的结构安排通常有三种形式:正叙、倒叙和插叙。正叙是英语叙述文中最常用的一种结构，即以人物出现、活动或事件开始发生的时间点作为记叙的起点，然后按照人物活动的展开、事件发生发展的自然顺序进行叙述。倒叙则是在文章的开头就交待人物活动或事件发展的结果。插叙这一结构在我们的英文写作中很少用到。 三．时态 记叙文讲述的大多是过去已经发生的活动 或事件，因此用过去时态(一般过去时、过去进行时、过去将来时、过去完成时)的作品比较多。但有时为了使文章显得更加真实、亲切和生动，也可以使用现在时态(一般现在时、现在进行时、现在将来时、现在完成时)。 四．人称 记叙某个人物的经历、活动或某件事情的经过离不开叙述的主体，即“人称”。记叙文中的人称大多采用第一人称或第三人称的形式。第一人称的叙述主观色彩较浓，可以增强文章的真实感，有利于表述细腻的情感和细节的过程；第
高考英语概要写作指导及训练 一、写作指导 摘要是对一篇文章的主题思想的简单陈述。它用最简洁的语言概括了原文的主题。写摘要主要包括三个步骤：（1）阅读；（2）写作；（3）修改成文。 第一步：阅读 A．认真阅读给定的原文材料。如果一遍不能理解，就多读两遍。阅读次数越多，你对原文的理解就越深刻。 B．给摘要起一个标题。用那些能概括文章主题思想的单词、短语或短句子作为标题。也可以采用文中的主题句作为标题。主题句往往出现在文章的开头或结尾。一个好标题有助于确定文章的中心思想。 C．现在，就该决定原文中哪些部分重要，哪些部分次重要了。对重要部分的主要观点进行概括。 D．简要地记下主要观点——主题、标题、细节等你认为对概括摘要重要的东西。 第二步：动手写作 A. 摘要应尽量用自己的话完成。不要直接引用原文的句子。 B. 应该遵循原文的逻辑顺序。这样你就不必重新组织观点、事实。 C. 摘要必须全面、清晰地表明原文所载的信息，以便你的读者不需翻阅原文就可以完全掌握材料的原意。 D. 写摘要时可以采用下列几种小技巧： 1) 删除细节。只保留主要观点。 2) 选择一至两个例子。原文中可能包括5个或更多的例子，你只需从中筛选一至二个例子。 3) 把长段的描述变成短小、简单的句子。如果材料中描述某人或某事用了十个句子，那么你只要把它们变成一两句即可。 4) 避免重复。在原文中，为了强调某个主题，可能会重复论证说明。但是这在摘要中是不能使用的。应该删除那些突出强调的重述句。 5) 压缩长的句子。如下列两例： “His courage in battle might without exaggeration be called lion-like.” 可以概括为：”He was very brave in battle.” “He was hard up for money and was being pressed by his creditor.” 可以概括为：“He was in financial difficulties.” 6) 你还可以使用词组代替整句或者从句。请看下面的例子： “Beautiful mountains like Mount Tai, Lushan Mountain, and Mount Huang, were visited by only a few people in the past. Today, better wages, holidays with pay, new hotels on these mountains, and better train and bus services, have brought them within reach of many who never thought of visiting them ten years ago.” 可以概括为：”Beautiful mountains like Mount Tai, once visited by only a few people, are today accessible to many, thanks to better wages, paid holidays, new hotels and better transportation services.” 7) 使用概括性的名词代替具体的词，比如： “She brought home several Chinese and English novels, a few copies of Time and Newsweek and some textbooks. She intended to read all of them during the winter vocation.” 可以概括为：”She brought home a lot of books to read during the vocation.” 8）使用最短的连接词。比如，可以使用but, then, thus, yet, though，不能使用at the same time,