英语听力教程第三版(张民伦主编)Unit-9-Romancing-the-Stone听力原文

Listen this way听力教程第三册-6Unit 6 Find the Right WordsPart I Getting readyAudioscript:The English language can be traced back to prehistoric Indo-European through the West Germanic line. However, many other influences have shaped the development of Modern English. We will review some important dates in the history of the English language. The first three are Latin influences:1. In 5,5 B.C. Caesar conquered Britain and the Celtic people.2. In 43. B.C. Rome colonized the island.3. The Romans remained for 400 years (the first four centuries of the Christian Era).The next significant dates were:4. The year 499 (which was the year of the Anglo-Saxon conquest of the island).5. From 500 on, the West Germanic language was the basic language of Britain (or England).Influences from other languages continued however.6. In the sixth and seventh centuries England was Christianized bymissionaries sent by the Pope (so that Latin influence continued).Then,7. In the eig11th and ninth centuries the Norsemen (Vikings), invaded England with their Old Norse language.8. In 1066. the Norman Conquest brought French linguistic influence.9. The French influence continued for 300 years (the ninth century through the 11th century).10. And finally, in the fifteen and sixteen hundreds, when classical learning was revived, there was continued Latin language influence.Audioscript:1. People are delighted if you can speak their language, and they don't care how well you speak it. They are not upset when you make mistakes. I think in order to learn, you mustn't be afraid of making mistakes.2. I'm a very shy person and it's not easy for me to talk to strangers. But you have to force yourself to talk to people. That's what I did and it really helped me.3. I think the best language learners are people with a sense of humor. Try to laugh at your own mistakes and don't take yourself too seriously. You'll find that other people will be sympathetic when you make mistakes.4. I took two courses in business studies. I read, studied, listened to lectures and took notes in English. It was a very good experience for me because I didn't have time to think about the language. I recommend forgetting aboutthe grammar and thinking about the meaning instead.5. In my experience, learning a foreign language always involves a lot of time,a lot of boring work and lots of problems! In short, if you want to learn another language you have to work hard.6. Try to read as much as you can. I think that's the best way to improve your English and to learn more new words. I always try to read something in English everyday.Part II Skills to communicate bad news Audioscript:Avi Arditti：I'm Avi Arditti with Rosanne Skirble, and this week on Wordmaster: giving doctors better skills to communicate bad news. Rosanne Skirble：Anthony Back is a medical oncologist at the University of Washington and the Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center inSeattle. He and four colleagues are in the fifth year leading aprogram funded with one and one-half million dollars from theNational Cancer Institute.Avi Arditti：Doctor Back says specially trained actors play cancer patients to help oncologists learn how to avoid sounding insensitive when theprognosis is grim.Anthony Back：Probably the biggest misconception I face is that you're either born with this or you're not. In fact, what the research shows is thatpeople learn to do this over time. And the way they learn to do it isthey see good role models, they practice, they get specific feedbackon what they're doing, they try-out new things, they innovate anddevelop new conversational practices for themselves.Avi Arditti：Can you give us some examples of those conversational practices -- what are some ways to impart bad news?Anthony Back：Here's an example: The patient has had cancer in the past, has been doing well and is coming in for some routine follow-uptests. The routine follow-up tests unexpectedly show the cancer hasstarted to come back.The doctor will typically go in and say to the patient, "Guess what,your cancer's back." And the patient will be just blown away, right?There are a couple of practices there that doctors can do that can help.One is to start with -- especially if you don't know the patient --asking what the patient expected, what did they understand abouttheir cancer, what were they expecting with this test. Because if thepatient says to you "You know, they didn't tell me anything. I'm justhere because I got this appointment in the mail," that's one wholekind of comprehension level. Whereas if the patient says "I had a TlNl MO lung cancer and they told me I had a fifty-five percent chanceof disease recurrence in the next two years," that's a whole differentstory, right?The second thing is that after you give this difficult news, then Ithink it's really important to address both the cognitive reaction andalso the kind of the emotional side of it.Rosanne Skirble：What are some of the phrases or the ways in which you can couch this news?Anthony Back：You know, the way to make it easier is to make sure that you are going from the context the patient drew for you. So you go fromwhat the patient understands and you try to use their words as muchas possible. And then, when you get to the really bad part of thenews, I think it's actually important to be direct and concrete and notto couch the news. It's better to say "The cancer has come back" thanto say "There are hypo-densities in your liver on the CT" (or) "Youhave a malignancy." All those euphemisms force patients to struggleto understand what's happening to them, and it adds to theirconfusion and distress.Rosanne Skirble: ：Well, should they say things like "I wish things were different" or "I hope for the best," or should a doctor kind ofmaintain a distance?Anthony Back：You know, my thought about that actually is that the more skilled the physician, the less they have to distance themselves.There are some phrases that we use, and the most important ones arereally the ones that are about empathy for the patient. You know, "Isee this is a difficult situation, I see this is not what you expected, I'mhoping for the best." And I think it's fine for doctors to talk abouthope, and I think it's important actually.AviArditti：Let me ask you, have you seen any cultural differences come up in the training programs as you've had doctors go through? Anthony Back：You know, we have actually a very multicultural group of physicians who come, and they all bring in all their own differentvalues about how frank should people be. Because the Americanstandard, of course, is that patients themselves get all the information,they make the decision themselves, and there's this very strongemphasis on autonomy. And in a lot of other cultures that's really notthe case.Rosanne Skirble：And what got you started in the first place?Anthony Back：What got me started was, when I was an oncology trainee, and this was after a personal experience -- my mother had died of apre-leukemia kind of thing -- I remember walking around in thebone-marrow transplant wards with this experienced -- it was thisother, older senior physician -- going around having theselife-and-death conversations with patients and thinking, God, therehas got to be a better way to do this.Avi Arditti：The result, says Doctor Anthony Back in Seattle, is a program that has now trained about one hundred-eighty oncologists at retreatsheld twice a year. The program Web site is -- that'so-n-c-o-t-a-l-k dot i-n-f-o.Part III Foreign accents Audioscript:Section IAs far as I'm concerned, I do tend to judge people I meet by their accents. I don't mean that I'm a sort of snob, and only like people with posh accents, but I never feel comfortable with a new person until I've been able to place them from the way they speak. If it's an English person, I feel much more at ease if I can say "Ah, he comes form Liverpool", or "He's probably been to public school". I suppose then I know what to talk about and what to expect from the other person.The same is true of foreigners. Personally, I prefer a foreigner to speak with a recognizable foreign accent, so that I know that I'm talking to a Frenchman, a Ghanaian, a Pole, and so on. So for me, it seems a bit pointless for foreigners to try desperately hard to get rid of their national accent and try to speak BBC English. If someone is clearly French, I know there's no point in talking about cricket or making jokes about the Irish. And frankly, I think it even sounds more attractive. I can't really explain why, but if a person has a foreign accent, they seem to be more interesting, even if they are saying the most ordinary things.Audioscript:Section IIMind you, there is a limit to intelligibility. If the accent is so strong that you have a struggle to understand what they are saying, then that gets in the wayof the conversation, and the flow is broken while you try to sort out the sounds into meaningful bits. I don't mean an accent as strong as that. I'm talking about the kind of accent where you can tell immediately which country the person comes from, but where they've got enough English to carry on a good conversation without searching for words, or messing up the grammar so that you lose the thread. I suppose it's the kind of accent most foreigners have, really. To be honest, it's only a very few who have such a good ear that they produce more or less genuine British English, and eventhen it can be quite amusing because they may have picked up a clearly regional accent, or even a very upper-class accent which doesn't fit in with their character at all. But most foreigners who learn English are desperately keen to get rid of their foreign accents and waste a lot of time trying to do so.Part IV More about the topic:Love and GrammarAudioscript:Are you looking for love? When you want to impress a potential girlfriend or boyfriend, you take great care with your appearance and try to be on your best behaviour. But . . . what about your grammar? Do you check if you are using verbs and commas properly?If not, you'd better think again. The research arm of dating site OKCupid has suggested that bad grammar can ruin your love life. It looked at 500 000 first contacts on the site and concluded that "netspeak, bad grammar and bad spelling are huge turn-offs".On the other hand, the correct use of apostrophes seems to be quite an aphrodisiac. Using "don't" and "won't" caused better than average response rates says the research.American writer Twist Phelan, who went on 100 online dates in 100 days and later married someone she met online, believes that grammar is an important "filter system" for prospective partners. She says: "If you're trying to date a woman, I don't expect flowery Jane Austen prose. But aren't you trying to put your best foot forward?"Perhaps you think you are ready to start looking for an English-speaking girlfriend or boyfriend. Am I right? You go online, look at the picture and start calling him or her "beautiful", "gorgeous" and "sexy" before you meet. Will it work? The research says it won't! The wrong adjective can put a full stop on a potential relationship. People enjoy receiving compliments but not when they sound like a pick-up line.General compliments such as "cool", "it's nice that ..." and "awesome" got good responses from the dating site users.So now you are ready. Keep your wits about you because many things online are not what they seem; and watch your vocabulary and punctuation.Some say that a comma might even save lives -- as in the example: "Let's eat, my darling!" as opposed to "Let's eat my darling!"Can you see which one would grant you a meal with your date and which one would land you in jail?Part V Do you know ...? Audioscript:Alex：Hello, Carole? Is that you?Carole：Alex! What on earth are you doing ... a stupid question, you're doing the same as I am.Alex：What are you laughing at?Carole：Well, actually I'm just reading this article in Punch. It's the Franglais column. It's very funny.Alex：Oh, yes, yes, er ...Carole：I know this is only a spoof, but I think these adaptions of English into French or French into English can be very funny. How does it occuractually?Alex：Oh, I suppose it came after the war, you know when the Americans were in France and a lot of English words and expressions came intoFrench. Er ...Carole：Oh, I see, yes, so ...Alex：But after that there was a strong reaction against it, I think.Carole：You mean people don't... aren't very keen on it. A sort of linguistic imperialism.Alex：Exactly, yes, er, take the ex ... example like "lift" you see. We've got no, no word in French for "lift".Carole：You mean "lift", the thing that goes up and down ...Alex：No, no. No, no, I mean, erm, would you like a lift home or something like that.Carole：Mm.Alex：Would you like a lift. What would you say in French? You would say something like, er, can I take you home with my car?Carole：Oh, I see, so ...Alex：It's so much easier to say er, would you like a lift, you see. Carole：... I see, so in fact it's often for words that there's no equivalent for in...Alex：Yes, that... that's it, yes.Carole：... in French.Alex：Yes.Carole：Or something ... I suppose the same would apply to something like erm, "le weekend".Alex：Yes, yes. That goes a bit ... that goes back a bit. Yes, I suppose it was something er, before, even before the first World War.Carole：Oh, that one's really old. Are there any more recent examples? Alex：Er, oh yes. "Speakerine" is a good example.Carole：Speakerine?Alex：Speakerine, yes.Carole：That doesn't even sound French. That sounds more German. Alex：Yes, it's a bit of a monster actually. You know, it means an announcer or a, a newsreader.Carole：Oh, I see, on the, on the box!Alex：Yes.Carole：And there are other things, aren't there, that are distortions like that.Erm ... oh, what's the one I can, erm ... "le smoking" ...Alex：Ah, le smoking, yes.Carole：... which means, er, dinner jacket in English ...Alex：And we say smoking in French. It's very strange, in fact. But you've got another one, "the training", the training. And you ...Carole：What's that?Alex：Oh, it's like, it's like a pyjama in French. And you will say, I don't know, er...Carole：The pyjama?Alex：... children it's getting late, erm, put, put your training on and go to bed. Carole：How peculiar, because I mean, training means something quite different. Are there any other reasons why we borrow, why theFrench borrow words, borrow English words?Alex：Er, snob value, I suppose.Carole：Oh, really.Alex：Oh, yes. Er ...Carole：You mean English words are snobbish in French?Alex：Yes. They would, they would take a word like "building" and think it's much better to live in a building than to be -- to live in a house. Carole：How strange, because building is such ...Alex：So we say building; we are living in the building.Carole：It's such a mundane word in English. I mean, it sounds just so ordinary.Alex：Yes, it is.Carole：But surely, I mean something like "le parking" which is very common, that, that can't have snob value, can it?Alex：No, no, of course, I mean just the French is cumbersome.Carole：Mm. Receptionist: Mrs. Harding, could you go through now please? Carole：Oh dear! I've got to go.Alex：Bye, bye, Carole.Carole：I hope it's not too painful, Alex. Thanks, bye.Part VII Watch and enjoy Videoscript:-- Jove! Good heavens!-- Oh, sir. Is there any sign of it stopping?-- I'm afraid not. It's worse than before.-- Oh, dear.-- If it's worse, it's a sign it's nearly over. Cheer up, captain. Buy a flower off apoor girl?-- I'm sorry. I haven't any change.-- Oh, I can change half a crown. Here, take this for tuppence.-- I told you, I'm awfully sorry. I haven't ... Oh, wait a minute. Oh, yes. Here's three pence, if that's any use to you.-- Thank you, Sir.-- Hey, you, be careful. Better give him a flower for it. There's a bloke here behind that pillar, taking down every blessed word you're saying.-- I ain't done nothing wrong by speaking to the gentleman. I've a right to sell flowers if I keep off the curb. I'm a respectable girl, so help me. I never spoke to him except to ask him to buy a flower off me!-- Oh, don't start!-- What's all the b100ming noise?-- There's a "tec" taking her down.-- Well, I'm making an honest living!-- Who's doing all that shouting?-- Where's it coming from?-- Oh, sir. Don't let him charge me! You don't know what it means to me! They'll... They'll take away me character and drive me on the streets for ... for speaking to gentlemen!-- There, there, there, there. Who's hurting you, you silly girl? What do you take me for?-- On my Bible oath, I never spoke a word.-- Oh, shut up, shut up. Do I look like a policeman?-- Then what do you take down me words for? How do I know you took me down right? You just show me what you wrote about me. Oh. What's that? That ain't proper writing. I can't read it.-- I can. I say, captain, now buy you a flower off a poor girl.-- Oh, it's cause I called him "captain". I meant no harm. Oh, sir. Don't let him lay a charge against me for a word like that!-- Charge? I'll make no charge. Really, sir. If you are a detective, you needn't begin protecting me against molestation from young women until I ask you. Anyone can tell the girl meant no harm.He ain't no "tec". He's a gentleman. look at his boots.How are all your people down at Selsey?Who told you my people come from Selsey?Never mind. They do. How do you come to be up so far east? You were born in Lisson Grove.Oh. What harm is there in my leaving Lisson Grove? It weren't fit for apig to live in and I had to pay four and six a week.Oh, live where you like, but stop that noise.Come, come. He can't touch you. You have a right to live where you please.I'm a good girl, I am!Yes, dear. Yes.Where do I come from?Hoxton.Well, who said I didn't? Blimey, you know everything, you do.You, sir. Do you think you could find me a taxi?I don't know whether you've noticed it, madam, but it's stopped raining. You can get a motorbus to, uh, Hampton Court. Well, that's where you live, isn't it?What impertinence!Hey, uh, tell him where he comes here, you want to go fortune telling. Cheltenham, Harrow, Cambridge and, uh, India?Quite right!Blimey, he ain't a "tec". He's a b100ming busybody. That's what he is.If I may ask, sir, do you do this sort of thing for a living at a music hall? Well, I have thought of it. Perhaps I will one day.He's no gentleman. He ain't, to interfere with a poor girl!How do you do it, may I ask?Simple phonetics. The science of speech. That's my profession. Also my hobby. Anyone can spot an Irishman or Yorkshireman by his brogue, but I can place a man within six miles. I can place him within two miles in London. Sometimes within two streets.He ought to be ashamed of himself, unmanly coward!Is there a living in that?Oh, yes. Quite a fat one.Let him mind his own business and leave a poor girl alone ...Woman! Cease this detestable "boohooing" instantly ... or else seek the shelter of some other place of worship.-- I've a right to be here if I like, same as you.-- A woman who utters such disgusting and depressing noise has no right to be anywhere, no right to live. Remember that you're a human being with a soul and the divine gift of articulate speech, that your native language is the language of Shakespeare and Milton and the Bible. Don't sit there crooning like a bilious pigeon.-- Oh!-- You see this creature with her curbstone English, the English that'll keep her in the gutter till the end of her days? Well, sir. In six months, I could pass her off as a duchess at an Embassy ball. I could even get her a job as a lady's maid or a shop assistant, which requires better English.-- Here, what's that you say?-- Yes, you squashed cabbage leaf; you disgrace to the noble architecture of these columns; you incarnate insult to the English language. I could pass you off as, uh, the Queen of Sheba.-- Oh! You don't believe that, captain?-- Anything's possible. I, myself, am a student of Indian dialects.-- Are you? Do you know Colonel Pickering, the author of Spoken Sanskrit? -- I am Colonel Pickering. Who are you?-- I'm Henry Higgins, author of Higgins' Universal Alphabet.-- I came from India to meet you.-- I was going to India to meet you!-- Higgins!-- Pickering!。

上外中级口译第三版听力教程原文及讲解--Unit9第一篇：上外中级口译第三版听力教程原文及讲解--Unit 9 Unit nine.Part one.About single sex education.3.Exercises.1.This is a talk given by an educator about single sex education.Listen and supply missing words you hear from the talk.I am going to be discussing the benefits of single sex education.As a teacher and advisor in an all girl school, I am often asked to defend single sex education.Specifically all girls education as if girl schools were on trial.I personally strongly recommend single sex education for girls.But the arguments against this form of education can be quite powerful.So I would like to begin by pointing out 3 of the main arguments against all girl schools.First of all, critics of all girl schools argue that the separation of the sexes seems old fashioned.It goes against the aims and the goal of feminism educators which is to provide fairness.To make sure boys and girls have the same educational opportunities and are treated in the same ways.Secondly, the critics say that in single sex schools boys and girls can’t develop the ability to interact with one another.They point out that in single sex schools boys and girls can’t learn how to be comfortable with each other and also how to compete with each other.The third criticism is that single sex schools don’t provide children with the smooth transition into the adult world where men and women live together.In single sex schools, these critics say, boys and girls cannot become prepared for a world in which they will work, play and live together as adults.But although these are serious arguments I believe that single sex education is beneficial for girls.In the second part of this lecture I will focus on two strong advantages of single sex education.It values girls’unique qualities and it helps girls develop self confidence.2.The following part is a continuation to the above talk.Listen and then provide the missing information in the spaces given below.The real benefit of all girls education is that it values girls’ unique qualities, the qualities that make them different from boys.What are these unique qualities? Well, I am going to list a few.First of all, girls can often concentrate on higher level abstract thinking at an earlier age than boys can.Secondly, they can often work for longer periods of time.Girls also enjoy collaborative learning activities and so they work well in groups.Finally, as girls mature, they are often kind of co-operative rather than competitive.These four qualities are valued in all girls schools.The second benefit of single sex education is that it helps girls develop self-confidence.I strongly believe that girls become more self-confident without the distraction and different learning styles of boys.In a single sex environment girls enjoy being leaders.They offer help to others and they also ask for help when they need it.For example, if they don’t understand a math or science concept they will ask for clarification.But when girls are in the same classroom as boys they often lose their self esteem.Boys are sometimes a louder, and may jump up out of their seats and wave their arms at people’s faces, if they know the answer to a teacher’s question.If this happens girls typically sink back in their chairs and wait for the boys to quiet down.But if there are no boys around girls can feel free and be themselves.Now it’s true that all girl schools do separate girls from the real world while they are growing up.But in the real adult world boys are the ones who set the rules of the game.And these rules don’t necessarily reflect the needs or talents of girls.In an all girl school girls can become confident enough to challenge the rules.And thenperhaps they can change the real world into a place designed to accommodate both men and women.Part two.Statements.2.Exercises.Listen and then choose the answer that is closest in meaning to each statement you hear.1)This project is urgent.I have to type all these reports by Monday morning.So there goes my sleep this weekend.2)We are thinking of asking professor Brown if he can give the exam during the final week of classes.But we are told that th ere isn’t much chance of that.3)Professor White Head hadn’t planned to invite her to the Monday meeting.But he changed his mind at the last minute.4)Since it’s going to cut your fortune to get your car fix why don’t you just trade it for a new one?5)It is essential to stay healthy when you are faced with important examinations.Studying all night will be good for neither your grades nor your health.6)The committee finally reached a decision.And I couldn’t have hoped for a better outcome.Everybody says they haven’t seen like this for weeks.7)I had a hard time getting through this novel.Who can remember the names of all those 45 characters in it?8)Michael has put all his time and mind into his studies.Though he has only studied English for two years he speaks it very well.9)We’ve undercharged them.The invoice doesn’t include the legal fees or our agency commission.We need to inform them of this immediately.10)We have little choice about when to send the application.Yesterday was too soon to send it and tomorrow will be too late.11)It took 2 weeks longer than usual to get your package because the postal workers were on strike.12)The price of the car was so low that it made Brad suspicious of the value.He hesitated for 10 days and still made no decision.13)When he met us on Thursday professor Baker saidthat he tried to reschedule the class at a time convenient to the majority.14)If it takes Mike two hours to do the East Asian history assignment it will take the rest of the class double the time.15)Why bother to call Smith and tell him about the meeting this afternoon.We will see him at lunch.16)The snack bar is not always this deserted.It’s the end of the semester.Everyone is in the library studying.17)We’d expected the repairs to cost us about 15 dollars, but they charged us 3 times as much.18)Ms.Plate came to meet us at the reception.I thought that she was the secretary, but she turned out to be the president of the company.19)After studying mathematics for two years at a German university in Berlin, she has changed to an architecture program in an American university in Washington.20)Even though the doctor has advised him to quit, Bob still smokes a pack of cigarettes a day.中级口译听力教程第三版4B Part 3.3.Exercises.1.It’s cool for everyone to be successful.Listen to the short conversation and then choose the best answer to each question you hear.M: Mary, do you think you have ever been discriminated against because you are a woman? W: Well, let’s see.I have two answers for that.The first answer is yes.That’s my gut feeling.But sometimes I think no.I am not being discriminated against.I just need to try harder.I guess I am saying yes and no.Look, we are in a society where discrimination is definitely going on in the business world.I see women getting paid less than men do for the same position.And often women get jobs as assistance but they are the ones who do all the work.Also there is thus old boys club, the support network that men have.Men do help each other, and they could help women too.But they don’t.M: So then you are saying that men do have an easier time of it.W: Yeah, it is easier for men.But I have mixedfeelings.Sometimes I think that I am just making excuses for myself.What I ask myself is, “Am I good enough?” “Am I as good as the men?” Perhaps I am not.But I rea lly believe that if I do the work necessary in the business world, I will be able to be as successful as any men.I think that there is much more of level playing field than there was before.There is much more opportunities now for women than when I was younger.M: And do you think successful women help other women?W: Yes, I do.Women tend to think of helping themselves and helping other people too.And I hope that I can help to increase the opportunities for many young girls as well as boys.M: You want to help boys also?W: Of course.It’s cool for everyone to be successful.And I do see progress in the future.I really do.Questions:1)What is this conversation mainly about?2)Mary mentions several things that point to discrimination against women.Which of the following is not one of these things?3)Which of the following statements is true according to the conversation? 4)In which of the following fields does Mary probably work?2.Do you think there is rarely quality now? This is a short conversation about the changing gender roles.Listen and choose the best answer to each question you hear.W: Michael, I’d like to ask your opinion about how gender roles are changing.Do you think there is rarely quality now?M: That’s absolutely not true.The first thing is that the re is still a paid disparity.Women make only about 70 percent of the dollar that men earn.There have been changes in the last 20 years or so, but that have been relatively modest.And there is still that glass ceiling where women hit this invisible barrier as they try tomove up.W: Could you give me an example of the glass ceiling?M: Well, look at this.I am a social worker.90 percent of my colleagues are women.But both the CEO and his boss are men.So the top executives are men, and you know, the lower paid levels, most of them are women.I think that men are much more likely to be raised with the sense of entitlement than women.W: And what about quality at home?M: I don’t think there is a quality there, either.You see I think that gender differences often operate on unconscious levels.It almost never occurs to men that they can do house work just as well as women or take care of children.Even if they have divorced and have custody of a child.But women have been parenting children alone for ever.And women just assume that they can do it.W: How has it affected you in your own life?M: Well, with both of my children from 2 different marriages,I was always the person who got up at night and gave the babya bottle.I was always very actively involved with caring for my children cooking for them.And I joined a play group with my son 25 years ago.Incidentally I was the only male involved.And I loved it.W: Good for you!M: That was very very different from my father’s generation.My father had almost nothing to do with us until we were 8 or 10.He held us and gave us some smiles and so on.But he wasn’t really an active parent.But I was determined to be a part of the joy of it all.W: So what you are saying is that the situation has changed but there is still inequality.M: Oh, yes, I think that’s true absolutely.Questions:1)What’s Michael’s opinion about how gender roles are changing?2)About what percentage of men’s pay to women make forthe same type of job? 3)Which of the following statements is true about the quality at home? 4)Which of the following statements best describes Michael?3.Gender and language.This is a part of a lecture about gender and language.Listen carefully and then supply the missing parts of the answers to the following questions.Good morning.Please take notes on today’s lecture.Everyone should pick up his pen or rather everyone should pick up her pen, or everyone should pick up his/her pen, or her/his pen.Wait let me start again.Everyone should pick up their pens.Is that correct? You get my point, right? The title of this lecture is Gender and Language.What I am going to discuss more specifically is the topic of sexism and language and how to avoid it.First then, is it true that language can be sexist? The answer is yes, it can.Take the example of this word, Mister.What word has the same meaning for women? There is none.There is Misses which means I am married.There is Miss which means it’s none of your business whether I am married or not.Well, not exactly, but you get my point.Let’s turn to the question of gender’s specific terms.Many terms like mailman or policeman are gender specific.They all refer to man.If there are women who do these jobs, so what do we do? Well a safe option is to use what we call gender neutral terms such as mail-carrier or police-officer.Why should we use gender neutral language? Well, first of all, because it describes the world the way really is.If children grow up hearing the word chairman then the internalized idea that all leaders are men which isn’t true.Secondly it’s a q uestion of equality.For example when people say mankind it sounds as if they are only talking about man.But when you say human beings or people then you include both men and women.But vocabulary isn’t theonly problem.Grammar is a problem too.Do you remember the example I gave at the beginning, everyone should pick up pen.Well, I wasn’t really making a joke.The fact is I have to choose a broad noun, and I don’t want to give the impression that everyone in the room is male or female either.So I am facing a d ilemma.What’s the solution? Well, personally, I prefer to say, everyone should pick up their pen(s).I realize this is not grammatically correct.But it does avoid sexism.And you will find that most university professors and writers would probably make the same choice that I do.Look at the newspaper, or look around you on the bus or on the subway.You will see plural pro-nouns in places you might not expect.Part 4.Listening and translation.3.Exercises.1.Sentence translation.Listen and translate each sentence you have heard into Chinese.Then write it in the space given below.1)Nine out of ten trade visitors interviewed were generally very satisfied with the fare.And 92 percent of the visitors spontaneously declare to intend to visit the fare again in 2008.2)Some nations have worked to meet the shortage of clean fresh water.They are trying to keep their rivers from being polluted.3)I read that according to recent statistics 67 percent of Americans favor the death penalty in cases of murder.That’s 2/3 of the population.4)A gold watch and a necklace were stolen from a home on Broad Street.The criminals entered the house through a bathroom window.5)A man was arrested at midnight on Harper Street, because he was carrying a handgun without license.He was taken to the police station for questioning.2.Passage translation.Listen and translate each passage you have heard into Chinese.Then write it in the space given below.You may take notes while you are listening.1)Doctors think that most people cannot live beyond a hundred years.But agrowing number of scientists believe that the aging process can be controlled.There are more than 12,000 Americans over 100 years old who receive social security benefits, and their numbers are increasing each year.Some scientists claim that theoretically and under ideal conditions animals including men can live 5 times longer than their normal period of growth.A person’s period of growth last approximately 25 years.If this theory is accurate future generations can expect a life-span of 150 years.2)Well, the neighbor-hood watch program has been running for more than 5 months, and has been incredibly successful.We used to have a lot of minor problems on our block, but now it’s very quiet.Everyone knows that our neighborhood is off limits for trouble makers.Just last week we won a special award from the mayor’s office.All of us were invited to a big award ceremony.We had dinner, heard some guests speakers, and then accepted our award for out-standing community service.Unit Nine Part one About single-sex education Feminist n.女权主义者adj.主张男女平等的, 女权主义的Liberal宽容忍耐的;心胸宽?的;无偏见的/慷慨的;大方的/（指教育）扩展心智的, 德育的（不单纯作职业或技术的训练）/自由党人/不严格的;自由的;不讲究准确性的To interact(with)相互作用;相互影响/指人）一起活动或互相合作（尤指为互相联系Beneficial有益的;有用的;有好处的: Collaborative adj.协作的, 合作的 Clarification n.澄清, 阐明Self-esteem自尊;自负: high/low self-esteem 很强的[弱的]自尊心/ injure sb's self-esteem 伤某人的自尊心 To accommodate Feminists Part two To undercharge（某人）少收（某物的）价款 Invoice发票;发货清单;服务费用清单: Agent’s commission 代理商佣金 En route on the way 在路上;在中途Part three Gender生理上的）性别分类, 性Disparity n.不同，不等。

Listen this way听力教程第三册-6Unit 6 Find the Right Words Part I Getting ready Audioscript:The English language can be traced back to prehistoric Indo-European through the West Germanic line. However, many other influences have shaped the development of Modern English. We will review some important dates in the history of the English language. The first three are Latin influences:1. In 5,5 B.C. Caesar conquered Britain and the Celtic people.2. In 43. B.C. Rome colonized the island.3. The Romans remained for 400 years (the first four centuries of the Christian Era).The next significant dates were:4. The year 499 (which was the year of the Anglo-Saxon conquest of the island).5. From 500 on, the West Germanic language was the basic language of Britain (or England).Influences from other languages continued however.6. In the sixth and seventh centuries England was Christianized by missionaries sent by the Pope (so that Latin influence continued).Then,7. In the eig11th and ninth centuries the Norsemen (Vikings), invaded England with their Old Norse language.8. In 1066. the Norman Conquest brought French linguistic influence.9. The French influence continued for 300 years (the ninth century through the 11th century).10. And finally, in the fifteen and sixteen hundreds, when classical learning was revived, there was continued Latin language influence.Audioscript:1. People are delighted if you can speak their language, and they don't care how well you speak it. They are not upset when you make mistakes. I think in order to learn, you mustn't be afraid of making mistakes.2. I'm a very shy person and it's not easy for me to talk to strangers. But you have to force yourself to talk to people. That's what I did and it really helped me.3. I think the best language learners are people with a sense of humor. Try to laugh at your own mistakes and don't take yourself too seriously. You'll find that other people will be sympathetic when you make mistakes.4. I took two courses in business studies. I read, studied, listened to lectures and took notes in English. It was a very good experience for me because I didn't have time to think about the language. I recommend forgetting about the grammar and thinking about the meaning instead.5. In my experience, learning a foreign language always involves a lot of time, a lot of boring work and lots of problems! In short, if you want to learn another language you have to work hard.6. Try to read as much as you can. I think that's the best way to improve your English and to learn more new words.I always try to read something in English everyday.Part II Skills to communicate badnewsAudioscript:Avi Arditti：I'm Avi Arditti with Rosanne Skirble, and this week on Wordmaster: giving doctors better skills tocommunicate bad news.Rosanne Skirble：Anthony Back is a medical oncologist at the University of Washington and the FredHutchinson Cancer Research Center in Seattle. Heand four colleagues are in the fifth year leadinga program funded with one and one-half milliondollars from the National Cancer Institute.Avi Arditti：Doctor Back says specially trained actors play cancer patients to help oncologists learn how toavoid sounding insensitive when the prognosis isgrim.Anthony Back：Probably the biggest misconception I face is that you're either born with this or you're not. Infact, what the research shows is that people learnto do this over time. And the way they learn to doit is they see good role models, they practice, theyget specific feedback on what they're doing, theytry-out new things, they innovate and develop newconversational practices for themselves.Avi Arditti：Can you give us some examples of those conversational practices -- what are some ways toimpart bad news?Anthony Back：Here's an example: The patient has had cancer in the past, has been doing well and is coming infor some routine follow-up tests. The routinefollow-up tests unexpectedly show the cancer hasstarted to come back.The doctor will typically go in and say to thepatient, "Guess what, your cancer's back." And thepatient will be just blown away, right? There area couple of practices there that doctors can do thatcan help. One is to start with -- especially if youdon't know the patient -- asking what the patientexpected, what did they understand about theircancer, what were they expecting with this test.Because if the patient says to you "You know, theydidn't tell me anything. I'm just here because I gotthis appointment in the mail," that's one whole kindof comprehension level. Whereas if the patient says"I had a Tl Nl MO lung cancer and they told me I hada fifty-five percent chance of disease recurrencein the next two years," that's a whole differentstory, right?The second thing is that after you give thisdifficult news, then I think it's really importantto address both the cognitive reaction and also thekind of the emotional side of it.Rosanne Skirble： What are some of the phrases or the ways in which you can couch this news?Anthony Back：You know, the way to make it easier is to make sure that you are going from the context the patientdrew for you. So you go from what the patientunderstands and you try to use their words as muchas possible. And then, when you get to the reallybad part of the news, I think it's actuallyimportant to be direct and concrete and not to couchthe news. It's better to say "The cancer has comeback" than to say "There are hypo-densities in yourliver on the CT" (or) "You have a malignancy." Allthose euphemisms force patients to struggle tounderstand what's happening to them, and it adds totheir confusion and distress.Rosanne Skirble: ：Well, should they say things like "I wish things were different" or "I hope for the best," orshould a doctor kind of maintain a distance? Anthony Back：You know, my thought about that actually is that the more skilled the physician, the less theyhave to distance themselves. There are some phrasesthat we use, and the most important ones are reallythe ones that are about empathy for the patient. Youknow, "I see this is a difficult situation, I seethis is not what you expected, I'm hoping for thebest." And I think it's fine for doctors to talkabout hope, and I think it's important actually. AviArditti：Let me ask you, have you seen any cultural differences come up in the training programs asyou've had doctors go through?Anthony Back：You know, we have actually a verymulticultural group of physicians who come, andthey all bring in all their own different valuesabout how frank should people be. Because theAmerican standard, of course, is that patientsthemselves get all the information, they make thedecision themselves, and there's this very strongemphasis on autonomy. And in a lot of other culturesthat's really not the case.Rosanne Skirble：And what got you started in the first place?Anthony Back：What got me started was, when I was an oncology trainee, and this was after a personal experience-- my mother had died of a pre-leukemia kind of thing-- I remember walking around in the bone-marrowtransplant wards with this experienced -- it wasthis other, older senior physician -- going aroundhaving these life-and-death conversations withpatients and thinking, God, there has got to be abetter way to do this.Avi Arditti：The result, says Doctor Anthony Back in Seattle, is a program that has now trained about onehundred-eighty oncologists at retreats held twicea year. The program Web site is --that's o-n-c-o-t-a-l-k dot i-n-f-o.Part III Foreign accentsAudioscript:Section IAs far as I'm concerned, I do tend to judge people I meet by their accents. I don't mean that I'm a sort of snob, and only like people with posh accents, but I never feel comfortable with a new person until I've been able to place them from the way they speak. If it's an English person, I feel much more at ease if I can say "Ah, he comes form Liverpool", or "He's probably been to public school". I suppose then I know what to talk about and what to expect from the other person.The same is true of foreigners. Personally, I prefer a foreigner to speak with a recognizable foreign accent, so that I know that I'm talking to a Frenchman, a Ghanaian, a Pole, and so on. So for me, it seems a bit pointless for foreigners to try desperately hard to get rid of their national accent and try to speak BBC English. If someone is clearly French, I know there's no point in talking about cricket or making jokes about the Irish. And frankly, I think it even sounds more attractive. I can't really explain why, but if a person has a foreign accent, they seemto be more interesting, even if they are saying the most ordinary things.Audioscript:Section IIMind you, there is a limit to intelligibility. If the accent is so strong that you have a struggle to understand what they are saying, then that gets in the way of the conversation, and the flow is broken while you try to sort out the sounds into meaningful bits. I don't mean an accent as strong as that. I'm talking about the kind of accent where you can tell immediately which country the person comes from, but where they've got enough English to carry on a good conversation without searching for words, or messing up the grammar so that you lose the thread. I suppose it's the kind of accent most foreigners have, really. To be honest, it's only a very few who have such a good ear that they produce more or less genuine British English, and even then it can be quite amusing because they may have picked up a clearly regional accent, or even a very upper-class accent which doesn't fit in with their character at all. But most foreigners who learn English aredesperately keen to get rid of their foreign accents and waste a lot of time trying to do so.Part IV More about the topic: Love and GrammarAudioscript:Are you looking for love? When you want to impress a potential girlfriend or boyfriend, you take great care with your appearance and try to be on your best behaviour. But . . . what about your grammar? Do you check if you are using verbs and commas properly?If not, you'd better think again. The research arm of dating site OKCupid has suggested that bad grammar can ruin your love life. It looked at 500 000 first contacts on the site and concluded that "netspeak, bad grammar and bad spelling are huge turn-offs".On the other hand, the correct use of apostrophes seems to be quite an aphrodisiac. Using "don't" and "won't" caused better than average response rates says the research.American writer Twist Phelan, who went on 100 online dates in 100 days and later married someone she met online, believes that grammar is an important "filter system" for prospective partners. She says: "If you're trying to date a woman, I don't expect flowery Jane Austen prose. But aren't you trying to put your best foot forward?" Perhaps you think you are ready to start looking for an English-speaking girlfriend or boyfriend. Am I right? You go online, look at the picture and start calling him or her "beautiful", "gorgeous" and "sexy" before you meet. Will it work? The research says it won't! The wrong adjective can put a full stop on a potential relationship. People enjoy receiving compliments but not when they sound like a pick-up line.General compliments such as "cool", "it's nice that ..." and "awesome" got good responses from the dating site users.So now you are ready. Keep your wits about you because many things online are not what they seem; and watch your vocabulary and punctuation.Some say that a comma might even save lives -- as in the example: "Let's eat, my darling!" as opposed to "Let's eat my darling!"Can you see which one would grant you a meal with your date and which one would land you in jail?Part V Do you know ...? Audioscript:Alex：Hello, Carole? Is that you?Carole：Alex! What on earth are you doing ... a stupid question, you're doing the same as I am.Alex：What are you laughing at?Carole： Well, actually I'm just reading this article in Punch. It's the Franglais column. It's very funny. Alex：Oh, yes, yes, er ...Carole：I know this is only a spoof, but I think these adaptions of English into French or French intoEnglish can be very funny. How does it occuractually?Alex：Oh, I suppose it came after the war, you know when the Americans were in France and a lot of Englishwords and expressions came into French. Er ... Carole：Oh, I see, yes, so ...Alex：But after that there was a strong reaction against it, I think.Carole：You mean people don't... aren't very keen on it.A sort of linguistic imperialism.Alex：Exactly, yes, er, take the ex ... example like "lift"you see. We've got no, no word in French for "lift". Carole：You mean "lift", the thing that goes up and down ... Alex：No, no. No, no, I mean, erm, would you like a lift home or something like that.Carole： Mm.Alex：Would you like a lift. What would you say in French?You would say something like, er, can I take you homewith my car?Carole：Oh, I see, so ...Alex：It's so much easier to say er, would you like a lift, you see.Carole：... I see, so in fact it's often for words that there's no equivalent for in...Alex：Yes, that... that's it, yes.Carole：... in French.Alex：Yes.Carole：Or something ... I suppose the same would apply to something like erm, "le weekend".Alex：Yes, yes. That goes a bit ... that goes back a bit.Yes, I suppose it was something er, before, evenbefore the first World War.Carole：Oh, that one's really old. Are there any more recent examples?Alex：Er, oh yes. "Speakerine" is a good example. Carole：Speakerine?Alex：Speakerine, yes.Carole：That doesn't even sound French. That sounds more German.Alex：Yes, it's a bit of a monster actually. You know, it means an announcer or a, a newsreader.Carole：Oh, I see, on the, on the box!Alex：Yes.Carole：And there are other things, aren't there, that are distortions like that. Erm ... oh, what's the oneI can, erm ... "le smoking" ...Alex：Ah, le smoking, yes.Carole：... which means, er, dinner jacket in English ... Alex：And we say smoking in French. It's very strange, in fact. But you've got another one, "the training",the training. And you ...Carole：What's that?Alex：Oh, it's like, it's like a pyjama in French. And you will say, I don't know, er...Carole：The pyjama?Alex：... children it's getting late, erm, put, put your training on and go to bed.Carole：How peculiar, because I mean, training means something quite different. Are there any otherreasons why we borrow, why the French borrow words,borrow English words?Alex：Er, snob value, I suppose.Carole：Oh, really.Alex：Oh, yes. Er ...Carole：You mean English words are snobbish in French? Alex：Yes. They would, they would take a word like "building" and think it's much better to live in abuilding than to be -- to live in a house. Carole：How strange, because building is such ... Alex：So we say building; we are living in the building.Carole：It's such a mundane word in English. I mean, it sounds just so ordinary.Alex：Yes, it is.Carole：But surely, I mean something like "le parking" which is very common, that, that can't have snob value,can it?Alex：No, no, of course, I mean just the French is cumbersome.Carole： Mm. Receptionist: Mrs. Harding, could you go through now please?Carole：Oh dear! I've got to go.Alex：Bye, bye, Carole.Carole：I hope it's not too painful, Alex. Thanks, bye.Part VII Watch and enjoy Videoscript:-- Jove! Good heavens!-- Oh, sir. Is there any sign of it stopping?-- I'm afraid not. It's worse than before.-- Oh, dear.-- If it's worse, it's a sign it's nearly over. Cheer up, captain. Buy a flower off a poor girl?-- I'm sorry. I haven't any change.-- Oh, I can change half a crown. Here, take this for tuppence.-- I told you, I'm awfully sorry. I haven't ... Oh, wait a minute. Oh, yes. Here's three pence, if that's any use to you.-- Thank you, Sir.-- Hey, you, be careful. Better give him a flower for it. There's a bloke here behind that pillar, taking down every blessed word you're saying.-- I ain't done nothing wrong by speaking to the gentleman. I've a right to sell flowers if I keep off the curb. I'm a respectable girl, so help me. I never spoke to him except to ask him to buy a flower off me!-- Oh, don't start!-- What's all the b100ming noise?-- There's a "tec" taking her down.-- Well, I'm making an honest living!-- Who's doing all that shouting?-- Where's it coming from?-- Oh, sir. Don't let him charge me! You don't know what it means to me! They'll... They'll take away me character and drive me on the streets for ... for speaking to gentlemen!-- There, there, there, there. Who's hurting you, you silly girl? What do you take me for?-- On my Bible oath, I never spoke a word.-- Oh, shut up, shut up. Do I look like a policeman?-- Then what do you take down me words for? How do I know you took me down right? You just show me what you wrote about me. Oh. What's that? That ain't proper writing. I can't read it.-- I can. I say, captain, now buy you a flower off a poor girl.-- Oh, it's cause I called him "captain". I meant no harm. Oh, sir. Don't let him lay a charge against me for a word like that!-- Charge? I'll make no charge. Really, sir. If you are a detective, you needn't begin protecting me against molestation from young women until I askyou. Anyone can tell the girl meant no harm.He ain't no "tec". He's a gentleman. look at his boots. How are all your people down at Selsey?Who told you my people come from Selsey?Never mind. They do. How do you come to be up so far east? You wereborn in Lisson Grove.Oh. What harm is there in my leaving Lisson Grove? It weren't fit for apig to live in and I had to pay four and six a week. Oh, live where you like, but stop that noise.Come, come. He can't touch you. You have a right to live where youplease.I'm a good girl, I am!Yes, dear. Yes.Where do I come from?Hoxton.Well, who said I didn't? Blimey, you know everything, you do.You, sir. Do you think you could find me a taxi?I don't know whether you've noticed it, madam, but it's stopped raining.You can get a motorbus to, uh, Hampton Court. Well, that's where youlive, isn't it?What impertinence!Hey, uh, tell him where he comes here, you want to go fortune telling.Cheltenham, Harrow, Cambridge and, uh, India?Quite right!Blimey, he ain't a "tec". He's a b100ming busybody. That's what he is.If I may ask, sir, do you do this sort of thing for a living at a music hall?Well, I have thought of it. Perhaps I will one day.He's no gentleman. He ain't, to interfere with a poor girl! How do you do it, may I ask?Simple phonetics. The science of speech. That's my profession. Also myhobby. Anyone can spot an Irishman or Yorkshireman by his brogue, butI can place a man within six miles. I can place him within two miles inLondon. Sometimes within two streets.He ought to be ashamed of himself, unmanly coward!Is there a living in that?Oh, yes. Quite a fat one.Let him mind his own business and leave a poor girl alone ... Woman! Cease this detestable "boohooing" instantly ... or else seek theshelter of some other place of worship.-- I've a right to be here if I like, same as you.-- A woman who utters such disgusting and depressing noise has no right to be anywhere, no right to live. Remember that you're a human being with a soul and the divine gift of articulate speech, that your native language is the language of Shakespeare and Milton and the Bible. Don't sit there crooning like a bilious pigeon.-- Oh!-- You see this creature with her curbstone English, the English that'll keep her in the gutter till the end of her days? Well, sir. In six months, I could pass her off as a duchess at an Embassy ball. I could even get her a job as a lady's maid or a shop assistant, which requires better English.-- Here, what's that you say?-- Yes, you squashed cabbage leaf; you disgrace to the noble architecture of these columns; you incarnate insult to the English language. I could pass you off as, uh, the Queen of Sheba.-- Oh! You don't believe that, captain?-- Anything's possible. I, myself, am a student of Indian dialects.-- Are you? Do you know Colonel Pickering, the author of Spoken Sanskrit?-- I am Colonel Pickering. Who are you?-- I'm Henry Higgins, author of Higgins' Universal Alphabet. -- I came from India to meet you.-- I was going to India to meet you!-- Higgins!-- Pickering!。

张民伦版英语听力教程答案Document number【SA80SAB-SAA9SYT-SAATC-SA6UT-SA18】Unit 1 Under the Same RoofPartⅠ B. 1.picture two2.picture one3.picture four4.picture threeC. 1.He’s a cook2.There are six people in my family3.She turned twenty in August4.They live in Tokyo5.I have two brothers and one sister6.His name is David7.She works in a hospital8.Since 19949.Yes,two daughters and one son10.We met at my best friend’s birthday partyPartⅡ A. 1.The parents 2.The children 3.Different but equal4.Women’s5.You know that you h ave to work at it to create love6.Helping people learn to work at their relationships to make their relationship workB. lauthoritarian model:children have no rightspermissive era:children are the bosses;they are allowed to do whatever they want to;parents run around behind themthird position:parents and children are different but equal women’s movement:women demand a freer choice about who they are and how they can beappreciation for men: (1) being bread-winner and providersfor families (2) being more involved with their childre arranged marriage:you have to work at it to create the lovemarriag e out of love:you don’t know how to work at it when it gets tricky,and you are more easily to opt outPartⅢ A. 1.separate2.Smoking,drinking3.collecting4.On the railway5.easy6.Play a lot of games7.go out,18B. 1.(F) 2.(F) 3.(T) 4.(F) 5.(F) 6.(T) PartⅣ A. 1.wise,knows2.thankless,provider,enemy3.poorest,richest4.trust,educate5.fourteen,ignorant,stand,around,twenty-one,astonished,learned6.hard,hardships,hardships,through,started7.realizes,right,wrong8.baby,woman,woman,back9.need,strong,protectionB. Dad,Daddy,meal,greeting cardsee,24%,1960,8%married,poor,leave school,crimelarge,ended,50%,1960,6%70%,8%,15%,different1960s,involved,love,unemotional,leaders,punished, Most,cleaning 1960s,1970s,interested,wives,housework,earnsSeveral,health,fatherhoodUnit 2 Smacking or Reasoning?PartⅠ B. trouble,obeyed,play with,winewise,dear,late,oftenresults,stopped,wanted,allowedPartⅡ A. 1.22.Student Medical Adviser3.22221224.Fifteen5.About ten minutes6.Christine7.worried,safe8.go out again9.sit down,chatB. 1.b 2.c 3.d 4.a 5.c PartⅢ A. 1.K 2.P 3.P 4.K 5.P 6.PB. Speaker 1 : Approval of Punishment to Some Degreediscipline,too muchSpeaker 2 : Disapproval of PunishmentTalk,explain,wrongSpeaker 3 : Disapproval of PunishmentTalk withSpeaker 4 : Disapproval of PunishmentstrictSpeaker 5 : Approval of Punishment to Some Degreesmack,hand,armSpeaker 6 : Approval of Punishment to Some Degreeshout,reason,send,up to,let,spankPartⅣ adopted,born,accept,cruel,particular,parents,directly,great,biological,same,due to,early,hear,sad, told,person,shock,left,teenagers,trust,deceived,suggests,felt,thought,closely,suitablePartⅤ A. 1.Two TV plays2.At least 45 minutes3.Yes4.Doing piano lessons and reading a bookB. 1.(T) 2.(F) 3.(F) 4.(F)Unit 3 A Sweet,Sweet HomePartⅠ B.可对照原文找答案PartⅡ A. 1.Notes : pot-plantsType of the Dream House : a canal boat2.Type of the Dream House : a detached modern house3.Notes : Cornwall,unspoiltType of the Dream House : a cottage in a small village by the sea4.Type of the Dream House : a white-walled villa in Spain5.Type of the Dream House : a big old family house in the country6.Notes : daft,isolated,high tideType of the Dream House : an enormous castle on an isolatedislandB. 1.Bright red2.On a little roof-garden3.White pillars4.Cliffs and treets5.Plunge into the sea6.Its heat7.A dry-stone wall8.By a boatPartⅢ A. Things That Will Be Taken Away : fridge,washing machineTings That Will Be Left Bahind : gas cooker/stove,gas fire,plumbing, electric shower,ovenB. The smallest bedroom : a bedThe medium sized bedroom : a fitted cupboardsome shelvesThe largest bedroom : a wash basina double fitted cupboard a double bedThe bathroom : an airing cupboardan electric shower1.(F)2.(F)3.(T)4.(F)5.(T)PartⅣ 45%,married parents,18,traditional,25%population,live,changes,occupy,one parent,not married,related,family members,same sexdecreased,in a hurry,financial security,later,having childrenlonger,left homeliving alone,27 000 000,26%,choose,failed,65,died100 000 000,households,25%,7 000 000,high rate,unmarried,one third2 000 000,increaseeffects,government,added,social service,two-parentPartⅤ 1.(F) 2.(T) 3.(F) 4.(F) 5.(T) 6.(F)7.(T)Unit 4 Going to School [Ⅰ]PartⅠ B. 1.(T) 2.(F) 3.(T) 4.(F) 5.(T) 6.(T) 7.(F) 8.(F) 9.(F)C. 1.b 2.c 3.a,c,f 4.b,c,e,f,g,h,i,l 5.d 6.a7.c 8.bPartⅡ A. 1.The French teacher2.For five years3.13 years4.French and German5.Grammar and vocabulary6.Video and cassettes7.Conversation class8.Visit FranceB. Nationality:EnglishAppearance: hair: blackeyes: darkeyebrows: very thick and bushyother features: glasses with black frames Lesisure activity: music: playing pianosingingsport: rugbytennisFamily: three children and an interesting wifeC. serious,friendly,learned a lot,strict,work very hard,interesting,France and the French,languages,university, foreign language,opening a door,a window,foreign country,do things,think,only way,best wayPartⅢ A. Advantages : unexpected,entertaining/funnyDisadvantage : terribly hard,physically,emotionallyB. Ⅰ.human,open,to know more about themopen,relaxed,formalprogress,assessmentⅡ.try to win and earn the respect of childrena relaxed relationship and relaxed classroompurposeful quality workC. unexpectedtrust,personthe big world,relationships,valuesproperly,appropriatemagic,excitingcaresrelaxed,friendly,supportiveindividualsallows,individualvoice,feedback,valuable,planning,developingrespect,relaxedPartⅣ colleges,universities,brains,information,libraries,solve, problems,reports,letters1 000 million,900 million,require,own,givee-mail,communicate,friends,family,research,learn,grades, sign,classes,comecommunications,organization,English,history,5 000,1985, information,day,night,requirement,professor,students, much,more,two,three,four,admits,limitscomputer-based,older,job,family,40%,non-traditionalPartⅤ Jack : 1.Homesick at his aunt’s house at the seaside.2.Wanted to take his toys — took teddy.3.Didn’t have a very good time,but made a lot of friends and found a wife.4.Miss Robson — kind,marvelous storyteller.5.Mr.Goodman — pulled his ear.6.Bucket of water fell on Mr.Goodman.Shirly : ke District:honey and porridge for breakfast.2.Very frightened and shy.3.Loved school — a bit of a goody-goody.4.Miss Brown — made history come to life.5.Mrs.Sharpe — impatient math teacher.6.She cried.Unit 5 Going to School [Ⅱ]PartⅠ B. Problems : 1.Rely,dictionary2.main point,article,paragraph3.sure,serious4.slowlyAdivices : 1.dictionary,first2.Read through,what it’s about,take notes3.as much as4.time limit,as much as,timeC. Pros : rmation,text books,educational equipment2.teachersputer programs,inerest,math,understandputer,secondary,collegesCons : 1.better,books,sports,educational visits2.Space Invader3.school time,electronic games4.learnPartⅡ A. Good qualities : 1.intelligent2.good at drawing3.good in English4.strong oral skills5.good in sportShortcomings : 1.not concentrating in class2.talking too much in class3.not giving in homeworkB. 1.intelligent,talk/chat,harder2.difficult3.concentrate4.drawing,talking5.homework,term6.plenty,say7.more,bottom8.important,hockeyPartⅢ A. 1.Give you a list of courses and some general advice.2.1)Write to schools.2)Ask people who’ve be en on a course.3.1)Private language schools.2)Further education colleges.3)Universities.4.pratice English.5.hardly speak to you,you don’t get on with.6.1)it rains.2)the weather turns cold.3)one’s money gets stolen.B. 1.advanced,elementary,finding out,British Council2.find out,various addresses3.accommodation,English family4.at classes,real life situation,far and away,acquiring5.personal recommendation,stayed with,heard about,met PartⅣ aims,values,indicate,personally,skilled,authority,Influencing, Changing,Raising,active,backgrounds,responsibility,rich,difficulty,contribution,original,owing,Creating,political,successful,environment,philosophy,community,married,very impotant,seven,percentageKeeping up,52%,social life,59%,field,62%,friends,64%,family, 66%,Helping,70%,Developing,75%objectives,first-year,desire,business,tell,clean up,rated,45% concern,decidingPartⅤ WOMAN : Wake up,Work,breakfast,Potter about,shopping,a rest,suupperMAN : Get up,seven,a cup of coffee,totally organized,six hours,stoppingUnit 6 Earning and Spending Money WiselyPartⅠ B. 1.In the basement2.Five fifty pounds3.Soup plates4.Four pounds5.To the third floor6.150 pounds7.A supermarket8.In the roof gardenPartⅡ 可对照原文找答案PartⅢ A. 1.On the 10th May.2.At ten o’clock.3.At five o’clock.4.18.50 pounds.5.19.50 pounds.6.On the 9th May.7.36 pounds.8.12 pounds.9.88.5 pounds.10.2.5 pounds.B. 1.(F) 2.(T) 3.(T) 4.(F) 5.(F)6.(T)7.(F)8.(F)9.(T) 10.(F) PartⅣ A. 8 — 12 years old780unskilled workershousehold chores31／2 per week11／2 per weekB. 可对照原文找答案PartⅤ 1.b 2.d 3.a 4.c 5.c 6.aUnit 7 Choice Versus ChancePartⅠ B. B → F → D → A → G → C → EPartⅡ A. 1.In a hotel.On the beach.In Italy.2.Over 500 pouds.3.In the morning.4.Helping in the kitchen:wash and peelvegetables,prebreakfast trays,wash up,etc.5.F T F T FT6.Hiring out deck chairs and selling newspapers.7.He wanted a cheap holiday.8.He has been working as a courier,and taking Americans round Italy on coach tours.9.He’s been invited to go and work in America next summer.B. enjoying,boring,too bad,quite interesting,the work itself,the friends,spare time,seaside town,going on,dancing,bowing,cinemas,afternoons off,sunbathing and swimmingPartⅢ A. an abattoir,a factory,station,a chicken batteryB. First speaker: televisionreporter,archaeologist,anthropologistSecond speaker: third baseman for the New York MetsThird speaker: photographerC. 1st speaker: mad,money,travel,different coutries2nd speaker: boring,responsibility,best baseball team3rd speaker: incapable,torture,work withpeople,independent,ownPartⅣ vocation,chance,choice,selecting,vocational planning,the world of work,requirements,present,time,effort,study,rewardsfactors,interests,training,salaries,essentialgrow,decline,economy,demand,changesAccountants,programmers,officers,engineers,Lawyers,Medical,Public-relations,financial,Tool,agentsmanual,rely on,respond,opportunities,workersButchers,operators,Mail,clerks,installersPartⅤ A. 1.She thinks that to be conscientious means to be extremely careful and pay attention to details.2.She left her last job because she wanted something more challenging.B. 1.Because Mr.Toms knew that Michael was the Director’s nephew and he did not want Mrs. Grey to embarrass Michael by her questions.2.He plays football twice a week and plays golf nearly every morning.C. 1.Michael James. Because he is the Director’s nephew.2.(Open-ended)。

Unit 9Section OnePart 1 Spot DictationAs the bulge of the baby boom pushes into (1) middle age - the 30-to-50-year-olds are now the (2) largest age group in this country - our outlook on getting older is (3) changing. In fact, experts are finding today that getting older is getting better, in very (4) real ways.Most people in their middle years are at the (5) peak of their working lives. This is the time of (6) competence when people get a great deal of (7) satisfaction and security out of realizing they have something to (8) offer others.As you get older, you're more (9) secure in your relationships. The longer you've been married, the more likely it is that you are going to (10) stay married.It takes a long time to become a (11) person. The older you get, the more (12) unique you become. You become (13) clearer about what you think, what you like and don't like. You know who you are.One of the things we fear about growing older is increasing (14) isolation. If you let it, your world can (15) shrink. But if you make the effort, (16) midlife can be a time of more personal relationships. If you (17) nourish your relationships, by the time you've reached midlife you have a rich network -lifelong friends, (18) acquaintances, colleagues, an extended family.While older people are free to spend their time the way they want, they also know they have (19) less of it. That makes them more aware of how precious timeis and more (20) discriminating about how they use it.ExerciseDirections: Listen to the passage and fill in the blanks with what you hear. (Refer to Tapescript)Unlike air travel, which is regulated internationally, rail travel is in many cases controlled nationally. The degree of safety of rail travel is therefore highly variable from country to country, depending on the degree of regulation and the quality of regulation in the country concerned. In Britain and the United States rail passenger deaths work out at an average of less than 10 rail passenger deaths per year. Unfortunately, the rail passenger deaths per year statistics in the less developed parts of the world are considerably higher than the rail passenger deaths per year statistics are in the western world.In the UK over the last 25 years, there has been an average of one train accident for every million miles run. Because individual trains carry such a large number of passengers compared with the number of passengers carried in cars, buses and planes, this actually means that the degree of risk is, comparatively, one which is almost non-existent.By far the greatest cause of railway accidents is human error, either in controlling or responding to signals. Recent improvements in the numbers ofaccidents are in large measure due to the introduction of automatic and computerized signalling equipment. Radio communication systems between drivers and control centres have also proved influential in reducing accidents. With the continuing development of radio communication systems and automatic signalling systems we can look forward to further reductions in what are already impressively low accident rates.ExerciseDirections: Listen to the passage and write down the gist and the key words that help you decide.1)This passage is about rail travel safety.2)The key words are highly variable. degree and quality of regulation: Britainand the United States. less than 10 rail passenger deaths per year: less developed parts. higher: UK. last 25 years. one train accident for every million miles run: cause. human error: automatic. computerized signaling.radio communication systems. reduce accidents.Section Two Listening Comprehension ~Part 1DialogueAdolescenceInterviewer: So, you say Eric's what you'd consider pretty strict but prettyfair? So, for example, when he tells you to do Interviewer: somethingJora: Well, he's strict and I get angry when he doesn't want me to do stuff. But afterwards I can almost always see why he said it, y'know?Interviewer: Yeah.Jora: And there's only a couple of incidents where, well, that were totally,y'know, that I didn't understand at all.Interviewer: Hmm. Not a bad record.Eric: No. Vh, 'cos I'm sure I've made some mistakes.Interviewer: Is ... how would you compare your mom? Is she less strict than your dad? Mm-hmm. Well, she's less strict, but it's, it's like I can't win, y'know? The stuff that my dad's not strict about, my mom's strict about, and· the stuff that my mom's not strict about, my dad is. And, well, like my dad doesn't let me see PG-13* or R movies, but my mom does. She, well, she rents R-rated* movies, and lets me watch them and all, but my dad won't even let me see PG-13.Eric: Well, uh, that's not really true. It depends on what it is. My rule with PG-13 is either I've had to have seen it first or, you know, talked to someone who I trust ... who's seen it.Interviewer: So, your mom's looser about movies. Uh, what's shestricter about?Jora: Chores, junk food, buying me specific things -Interviewer: When you say buying you things, do you mean -Jora: Like when we go to the store.Interviewer: She doesn't want to pay for them?Jora: She doesn't want to pay for things. She wants me to buy my own friends' presents, you know, stuff like thatInterviewer: So, do you get anallowance?Jora: Yeah, I do.Interviewer: So, Jora, what do you think about your dad? Do you think he's a pretty good dad? I mean, how does he compare with your friends' fathers? Jora: Urn, my dad is very strict, but he's ... he's .. , he's pretty good. He ... he's very nice and he lets me do just enough so I don't get too angry.ExerciseDirections: Listen to the dialogue and decide whether the following statements are true (T) or false (F).l.T 2. T 3. F 4. T 5. T 6.F 7. T 8. TPart 2 PassageA Brief History of Banking1)Situated usually at a table or in a small shop in the commercial district, thebankers aided travelers who came to the town by exchanging foreign coins for local money.2)It wasn't long before the idea of attracting deposits and securing temporaryloans from wealthy customers became an important source of bank funding.3)The banking industry gradually spread outward from the classicalcivilizations of Greece and Rome into northern and western Europe.4)The early banks in Europe were places for safekeeping of valuable items aspeople came to fear loss of their assets due to war, theft, or expropriation by government.5)As the 19th century began, the development of large, professionally managedbanking firms was centered in a few leading commercial centers, especially New York.When did the first banks appear? The first bankers lived more than 2,000 years ago. They were money changers, situated usually at a table or in a small shop in the commercial district, aiding travelers who came to the town by exchanging foreign coins for local money or discounting commercial notes for a fee in order to supply merchants with working capital.The first bankers probably used their own capital to fund their activities, but it wasn't long before the idea of attracting deposits and securing temporary loans from wealthy customers became an important source of bank funding. Loans were then made to merchants, shippers, and landowners, at rates ofinterest as low as 6 percent per annum to as high as 48 percent a month for the riskiest ventures ! Most of the early banks of any size were Greek in origin.The banking industry gradually spread outward from the classical civilizations of Greece and Rome into northern and western Europe. Banking encountered religious opposition during the Middle Ages, primarily because loans made to the poor often carried high interest rates. However, as the Renaissance began in Europe, the bulk of bank loans and deposits involved relatively wealthy customers, which helped to reduce religious opposition to banking practices.The development of new overland trade routes and improvements in navigation in the 15th, 16th, and 17th centuries gradually shifted the center of world commerce from the Mediterranean region toward Europe and the British Isles, where banking became a leading industry. The Industrial Revolution demanded a well-developed financial system. In particular, the adoption of mass production methods required a corresponding expansion in global trade to absorb industrial output, requiring new methods for making payments and credit available. Banks that could deliver on these needs grew rapidly.The early banks in Europe were places for safekeeping of valuable items (such as gold and silver bullion) as people came to fear loss of their assets due to war, theft, or expropriation by government. In England during the reigns of. Henry VIII and Charles I, government efforts to seize private holdings of gold and silver resulted in people depositing their valuables in goldsmiths' shops, who,in turn, would issue tokens* or certificates, indicating that the customer had made a deposit at these businesses. Soon, goldsmith tokens or certificates began to circulate as money because they were more convenient and less risky to carry around. The goldsmiths also offered certification of value services - what we today might call property appraisals*. Customers would bring in valuables to have an expert certify that these items were indeed real and not fakes - a service many banks still provide their customers.When colonies were established in North and South America, Old World banking practices were transferred to the New World. As the 19th century began, state governments in the United States began chartering* banking companies. The development of large, professionally managed banking firms was centered in a few leading commercial centers, especially New York. The federal government became a major force in US banking during Civil War.Exercise A Pre-listening QuestionA bank is, actually, a business organization, usually a limited company, which trades mainly in money, receiving and holding deposits and paying sums out of them by order of the customer, lending money at interest, discounting bills of exchange, moving from one place to another, acting as customer's agent in buying and selling securities, serving as trustee or executor, and performing various extra services for customers, e.g. arranging travel and insurance and advising on tax and investment.Exercise B Sentence DictationDirection: Listen to some sentences and write them down. You will hear each sentence three times ..Exercise C Detailed ListeningDirections: Listen to the passage and choose the best answer to each of the following questions.l.B 2. A 3. C 4. D 5. D 6. A 7. C 8. BExercise D After-listening DiscussionDirections: Listen to the passage again and discuss the following questions.1)The early banks in Europe were places for safekeeping of valuable items(such as gold and silver bullion) as people came to fear loss of their assets due to war, theft, or expropriation by government. In England during the reigns of Henry VIII and Charles I, government efforts to seize private holdings of gold and silver resulted in people depositing their valuables in goldsmiths' shops, who, in turn, would issue tokens or certificates, indicating that the customer had made a deposit at these businesses. Soon, goldsmith tokens or certificates began to circulate as money because they were more convenient and less risky to carry around. The goldsmiths also offered certification ofvalue services - what we today might call property appraisals. Customers would bring in valuables to have an expert certify that these items were indeed real and not fakes - a service many banks still provide their customers.2)(Open)Section Three NewsNews Item 1Greenland Ice SheetA US Space Agency study finds that Greenland is melting around the edges. The loss to the world's second largest ice sheet - more than 50 cubic kilometers per year - is enough to raise global sea level by 0.13 millimeters. NASA scientist Bill Krabill says the data indicates a process of change that does not immediately threaten coastal regions."The more important thing is to consider it as a signal of global climate change and to monitor it in case it starts to accelerate."Eighty-five percent of Greenland is covered by ice and is more accessible for scientific study than Antarctica, which is under the world's largest ice sheet."Greenland, the way it's positioned - much more north south, and the southern tip of Greenland protrudes* into the more temperate* latitudes* - it may react much quicker to global climate change than Antarctica does."Exercise ADirections: Listen to the news item and complete the summary.This news item is about the rapid thinning of the ice sheet on Greenland.Exercise BDirections: Listen to the news again and decide whether the following statements are true (T) or false (F).l.F 2.F3. T 4. T 5. TCooling AntarcticaA new study says Antarctica, the southernmost continent, has cooled measurably in recent years. The findings are a departure from global trends that show significant warming during the last century.University of Chicago Professor Pete~ Doran monitors the pulse* of Antarctica. He and other researchers have plotted* climate trends in the region. They are working with data from weather stations in Antarctica's Dry Valleys, a perpetually snow-free, mountainous zone, and from stations across the continent.Their records show a decrease by 0.7 degrees Celsius per decade in the Dry Valleys since 1986 and a similar cooling trend across the continent since 1978.Doran said, "Antarctica is somewhat isolated because there is a big ocean current* that constantly circles around the continent and actually sort of isolates it, and that's what makes it cold. And, that may be a factor in why we are seeingAntarctica cooling is that slight disconnect from the rest of the globe, and it's not behaving in the same way."Exercise ADirections: Listen to the news item and complete the summary.This news item is about the result of a new study which suggests Antarctic cooling.Exercise BDirections: Listen to the news again and answer the following questions.1. A new study says Antarctica, the southernmost continent, has cooled measurably in recent years.2. Professor Peter Doran and other researchers have plotted climate trends in the region.3. Antarctica's Dry Valleys is a perpetually snow-free, mountainous zone.4. The records show a decrease by 0.7 degrees Celsius per decade in the Dry Valleys since 1986 and a similar cooling trend across the continent since 1978.5. There is a big ocean current that constantly circles around the continent, so Antarctica is somewhat isolated from the rest of the globe, and does not behave in the same way.News Item 3Climate ChangeTAPESCRIPT AND KEYThe UN study predicts global temperatures will increase by nearly sixdegrees Celsius during this century. It says this will lead to increased flooding, drought, a rise in sea levels, and other climatic effects.The study says all regions of the world will suffer adverse* effects of climate change. The panel's co-chairman, James McCarthy, says some plant and mammals will be irreversibly* damaged; others will become extinct.Mr McCarthy says millions of people will be made homeless in low-lying countries such as Bangladesh because of sea level rise. Some islands will disappear completely. Economic losses will be incalculableIn addition, the report says crop and water loss will lead to more famine* in dry areas of the world, such as Africa.Exercise ADirections: Listen to the news item and complete the summaryThis news item is about a study report on the dangers of global warming. Exercise BDirections: Listen to the news again and complete the following outline.Global WarmingI.Global temperatures increaseA. Global temperatures will increase by nearly six degrees Celsius.II. Unfavorable effectsA. Increased flooding,drought with crop and water lossa.Some plants and mammals will be irreversibly damaged or becomeextinct.b.More famine in dry areas of the world, such as Africa.B. A rise in sea levels, and other climatic effectsa)M illions of people will become homeless in low-lying countries such asBangladesh.b)Some islands will disappear completely.c) Economic losses will be incalculable.Section Four Supplementary ExercisesPart 1 Feature ReportGlobal WarmingBy the year 2100, authors of a new study say, there could be a major increase in global temperatures if nothing is done to curb greenhouse gas emissions. The predictions are contained in an article appearing in the current issue of the journal Science.Writing in Science, Tom Wigley of the National Center for Atmospheric Research in Boulder, Colorado, and Sarah Raper, of the University of East Anglia in England, described the conclusions of the Intergovernmental Panel * on Climate Change.The IPCC is a United Nations group made up of hundreds of climatologists* and geologists* from around the- world. It concluded that, if greenhouse gases - such as carbon dioxide and methane* - are allowed to continue to migrate intothe earth's upper atmosphere unchecked, temperatures near the ground could rise between 1.4 and 5.8 degrees Celsius by the end of this century.However, what policymakers want to know according to Mr Wigley is the likelihood, or probability that temperatures will be at the low end of that range or exceed the range. So, he and a colleague Sarah Raper developed a formula for figuring out how large the temperature increase might be."One of the things we did was that we tried to work out what one would call the fifty-percent confidence interval *. The temperature range that corresponds to fifty-percent probability for warming lies within that range. But the fifty-percent confidence interval is roughly 2.4 to 3.8 degrees Celsius. And what that means is there's a 25 percent probability, or one chance in four, that, by 2100, the warming - the global warming - will exceed 3.8 degrees Celsius." Atmospheric scientist Tom Wigley says he used a computer model that refined the global warming range. The investigators plugged* in several different variables* that might occur throughout the century, such as the emissions of different greenhouse gases, to come up with the narrower range.But another study published in the journal Science challenged the IPCC's prediction that temperature will rise between 1.4 and 5.8 degrees Celsius by 2100. John Reilly is with the global climate change program at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology in Cambridge. Mr Reilly says the IPCC range contains no uncertainty analysis."It makes a difference whether you think there's a 60-percent chance it'sgoing to rain today or a 30-percent chance it's going to rain today."Mr Reilly says mathematicians at MIT have made some calculations of their own, and come up with a different global warming range.MIT's John Reilly estimates the average rise in global temperatures will be 2.5 degrees Celsius if nothing is done by the end of the century.Exercise ADirections: Listen to the news report and complete the summary.This news report is about different predictions of global warming range by 2100. Exercise BDirections: Listen to the news again and answer the following questions.1)IPCC stands for the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, a UnitedNations group made up of hundreds of climatologists and geologists from around the world.2)The IPCC concluded that, if greenhouse gases - such as carbon dioxide andmethane - are allowed to continue to migrate into the earth's upper atmosphere unchecked, temperatures near the ground could rise between 1.4 and 5.8 degrees Celsius by the end of this century.3)What policymakers want to know according to Mr Wigley is the likelihood, orprobability that temperatures will be at the low end of that range or exceed the range.4)They conclude that by 2100, the global warming will exceed 3.8 degreesCelsius.5)MIT's John Reilly and his colleagues estimate the average rise in globaltemperatures will be 2.5 degrees Celsius if nothing is done by the end of the century.International Financial Markets1)Policymakers try to stimulate growth through either expansionary monetaryor fiscal policy.2)With the increase in size and mobility of capital internationally, a substantialamount of national debts may be to foreigners, denominated in foreigncurrencies.3)Once the supply of international reserves is threatened, the country'scentral bank may be forced to step aside, allowing the currency todepreciate.4)The domestic economy may weaken severely following the currency crisis, ifother countries have pursued similar macroeconomic strategies, or facesimilar macroeconomic conditions.5)International financial markets impose a powerful disciplining force, muchthe same as stock market investors reward and penalize companies for good and bad performance.An important aspect in the transformation of international financialmarkets comes from the speed, severity*, and scope of market reactions. Policymakers who try to stimulate growth through either expansionary monetary or fiscal* policy must face an external constraint imposed by a pegged* exchange rate or a limit on how much can be borrowed from foreigners. Throughout most of the post-World War II period, imbalances resulting from differences in national economic policies or macroeconomic* performance were slow to develop. Capital mobility was limited, and there was less opportunity for capital flight. At some point, the overstretched country would devalue by 10 percent, 20 percent, or so and the cycle would start again - with no great headlines, no great drop in national income, and no knock-on* effects to neighboring countries.Over the last 10 years, the nature of international financial adjustment has changed. With the increase in size and mobility of capital internationally, a substantial amount of national debts may be to foreigners, denominated in foreign currencies, and in practice these debts are often short-term. As long as foreigners feel confident about the macroeconomic performance of a country, existing short-term debts are rolled over and new capital flows may follow thus furthering the expansion.However, any event that shakes confidence (a corporate failure, a bank failure, a commodity price drop, a political speech, or a scandal) could halt the flow of capital and jeopardize* the rollover* of debt on existing terms. A scenario of this sort triggers* a demand for international reserves, which arein limited supply at the central bank. Once the supply of international reserves is threatened, the country's central bank may be forced to step aside, allowing the currency to depreciate without any assurance of where the next stable anchor will be. We can call this a currency crisis. Because bank debts are in foreign currencies, the devaluation worsens bank balance sheets and banks may be forced to stop lending or call in existing loans to raise cash. Domestic banks are likely to fail if these steps are unsuccessful. Thus, the domestic economy may weaken severely following the currency crisis. If other countries have pursued similar macroeconomic strategies, or face similar macroeconomic conditions, these events underscore the impact that a vast pool of capital may have when it is mobile across borders and denominated in a foreign currency.International financial markets impose a powerful disciplining force - rewarding good policies and outcomes, and penalizing* poor policies and outcomes - much the same as stock market investors reward and penalize companies for good and bad performance. This new international investment climate raises important questions for the pricing of foreign securities and for investors and macroeconomic policies.Exercise A Pre-listening QuestionThe most conspicuous function of money is that it can be used as a means of making payment forgoods and services. In a more scientific term, it is generally accepted as amedium of exchange.Exercise B Sentence DictationDirections: Listen to some sentences and write them down. You will hear eachsentence three times.(Refer to Tapescript)Exercise C Detailed ListeningDirections: Listen to the passage and decide whether the following statementsare true (T) or false (F). Discuss with your classmates why you think thestatement is true or false.1. The speed, accuracy, and scope of market reactions lead to another important aspect Tin the transformation of international financial markets.(An important aspect in the transformation of international financial markets comes from the speed, severity, and scope of market reactions.)2. Through the most of the Second World War, capital mobility was limited. As aFresult, there were hardly any possibilities for capital flight.(Throughout most of the post-World War II period, there was less opportunity forcapital flight.)3. To some degree, the overstretched country -at that time would devalue by at least 10 Tpercent in the circulation of capital.(At some point, the overstretched country would devalue by 10 percent, 20 percent,or so.)-T 4. Over the last decade, the nature of international financial has changed.(Over the last 10 years, the nature of international financial adjustment h~schanged.)T 5. Existing short-term debts can be put off as long as foreigners feel certain about the macroeconomic situation of a country.(As long as foreigners feel confident about the macroeconomic performance of acountry, existing short-term debts are rolled over.)F 6. Any event that shakes confidence could promote the flow of capital.(Any event that shakes confidence could halt the flow of capital.)7. Once the supply of international reserves is threatened, appreciation of the currency Fwill follow.(Once the supply of international reserves is threatened, the country's central bankmay be forced to step aside, allowing the currency to depreciate without anyassurance of where the next stable anchor will be.)8. The disciplining force which rewards good performance and penalizes badTperformance is much alike in international financial markets and stock markets.(International financial markets impose a powerful disciplining force - rewarding good policies and outcomes, and penalizing poor policies and outcomes - much the same as stock market investors reward and penalize companies for good and bad stock market investors reward and penalize companies for good and bad performance.)Exercise D After-listening DiscussionDirections: Listen to the passage again and discuss the following questions.1)Once the supply of international reserves is threatened, the country's centralbank may be forced to step aside, allowing the currency to depreciate without any assurance of where the next stable anchor will be. We can call this a currency crisis. Because bank debts are in foreign currencies, the devaluation worsens bank balance sheets and banks may be forced to stop lending or call in existing loans to raise cash. Domestic banks are likely to fail if these steps are unsuccessful. Thus, the domestic economy may weaken severely following the currency crisis.2)(Open)。

Unit 1 The Earth at RiskPart Ⅰ Getting readyenvironment：环境natural：自然globe：地球protecting：保护attempt：尝试，打算，企图Amazon/'m z n/：亚马逊cut down：砍伐burning：烧荒tree removal：砍树The World Wildlife Fund：世界野生动物基金会rain forest：雨林towels：毛巾nylon：尼伦，化纤defrost：去霜boil away：煮干cut out：关掉full load：满载fridge：冰箱lighting：灯（光）iron：熨斗；熨（衣服）Rough-dry：晾干(不熨）kettle：烧水壶thermostat：恒温（设置）器brim：壶口；注满wall fire：壁炉ring：（烧烤）环grill：烧烤架satellite：卫星The environment is the natural world of land, sea, air, plants, and animals that exists around towns and cities. Since there is only one globe where we're living, more and more people have come to realize the importance of protecting the total global environment.A The following words and phrases will appear in this unit. Listen carefully and study the definitions.1. vicious circle：a set of events in which cause and effect'follow each other in a circular pattern2. monsoon season：the season of heavy rains that fall in India and neighboring countries3. hygiene：the study and practice of how to keep good health, esp. by paying attention to cleanliness4. accelerate：(cause to) move or go faster5. fossil fuel：any naturally occurring carbon or hydrocarbon fuel, such as coal, petroleum, peat, and natural gas, formed by the decomposition of prehistoric organisms6. latitude：a measure of relative position north or south on the Earth's surface, measured in degrees from the equator, which has a latitude of 0°, with the poles having a latitude of 90° north and south.7. contamination：the act of polluting or the state of being polluted8. hierarchy：a system in which people or things are arranged according to their importance9. priority：something given special or prior attention10. watershed：a ridge of high ground forming a divide between two different drainage basins or river systems or the region enclosed bysuch a divide and draining into a river, river system, or other body of water.B You are going to hear a short speech. Listen carefully and write down the environmental issues mentioned in the speech.burning of the forests/tree removal (deforestation)/reduction of the world's rain forestsAudioscript:The Amazon forests are disappearing because of increased burning and tree removal. In September, satellite pictures showed more than 20 000 fires burning in the Amazon. Experts say most of these fires were set by farmers. The farmers were attempting to clear land to grow crops. The World Wildlife Fund says another serious problem is that too many trees in the Amazon rain forest are being cut down. World Wildlife Fund says the fires show the need for urgent international action to protect the world's rain forests. The group warns that without such action some forests could be lost forever. Nowadays energy is too expensive to waste. It costs the country, and you, too much. What have you done to conserve existing energy resources? Here are some tips to help you slim yourwaste — save energy. Always remember that energy sense is common sense.C Now listen to some simple tips to help you save energy.Complete the dos and don'ts.Audioscript:● Don't attempt to iron everything. Rough-dry your towels and nylon things. Trust the thermostat on your iron — don't turn it up too high.● Don't leave the kettle to boil away. And don't fill it to the brim for only a cup of tea!● Cut out unnecessary lighting. Every little helps.● Save it on he ating. Do without a wall-fire if you can.● Defrost the fridge regularly. Ice build-up wastes fuel. Don't put hot food in either — if you do, the fridge has to work overtime.● It makes energy sense to wait until you've a full load before using your washing machine.● Cook a complete meal in the oven and save it on the rings and grill. Roast chicken, veg, and baked sweet to follow?It all adds up. The more energy you save, the more money you save. That's good housekeeping!When we listen to the weather forecasts, we often come across some terms related with the weather. For example, what is a cyclone? What is a hurricane? Are they the same? Here is the explanation.D Listen to the explanation about different weather terms.Complete the information in the chart.Audioscript:Major ocean storms in the northern part of the world usually develop in late summer or autumn over waters near the equator. They are known by several different names. Scientists call these storms cyclones when they happen just north or south of the equator in the Indian Ocean. In the western Pacific Ocean or the China Sea, these storms are called typhoons. In the eastern Pacific and Atlantic Ocean, they are called hurricanes.Part II The Earth at Risk (I) chopped down：砍倒nutrients：养分，养料instantly：立即，马上recycled：回收利用clear-cut：砍光soil：土壤dries up：（晒）干washes the soil away：把土壤冲走ｄｏｃｕｍｅｎｔaries：纪录片expand：扩展continent：大陆at risk：有危险stabilize：（使）稳定impact：冲击，撞击;影响at an alarming rate：以惊人的速度blow away：吹掉the Sahara Desert：撒哈拉沙漠（非洲北部）unproductive：不毛的;没有产物的cut down：砍伐consequently：所以，因此available：可获得的Mali：马里grasslands：草原intensive：集约的；加强的agriculture：农业intensive agriculture：集约农业region：地区tropical：热带ranches：大牧场cattle：牛，牲口;畜生be raised：饲养export：出口tinned meat：罐头肉Brazil：巴西the size of Britain and France combined：大小是英法两国合起来jungle：丛林an iron ore mine：铁矿hardwood：硬木luxury furniture：豪华家具domestic animals：家畜firewood：柴火;劈柴vicious circle：恶性循环make way for：让路convert：（使）转变plant species：植物物种rare plant：珍稀植物rainfall：降雨extinct：灭绝的;绝种的carbon dioxide：二氧化碳oxygen：氧century：世纪interview：采访Do you know what happens to a rain forest when the trees are chopped down? About 80% of the rain forests nutrients come from trees and plants. That leaves 20% of the nutrients in the soil. The nutrients from the leaves that fall are instantly recycled back into the plants and trees. When a rain forest is clear-cut, conditions change very quickly. The soil dries up in the sun. When it rains, it washes the soil away.A Listen to the first part of an interview. Note down the key words in the notes column. Then answer the questions. Questions:1. What is the vicious circle mentioned by Brian Cowles?More people ——>. more firewood ——> fewer trees{ More domestic animals —> more plants —> fewer available plants} —>more desert —> move south —>desert expanding south —> no grass2. Why is the rain so important to soil?Growing crops stabilize soil, without them the top soil just blows away. But if there isn't enough rain the crops don't grow.3. What are some of the reasons that tropical forests are being cut down?People try to grow food to support themselves or to create ranches where cattle can be raised, or to get hardwood for export, or to make way for mines.Audioscript:I — Interviewer B — Brian CowlesI:Brian Cowles is the producer of a new series of ｄｏｃｕｍｅｎｔaries called "The Earth at Risk" which can be seen onChannel 4 later this month. Each program deals with a different continent, doesn't it, Brian?B:That's right. We went to America, both North and South and then we went over to Africa and Southeast Asia.I: And what did you find in each of these continents?B:Starting with Africa, our film shows the impact of the population on the environment. Generally speaking, this has caused theSahara Desert to expand. It's a bit of a vicious circle we find.People cut down trees for firewood and their domestic animals eat all the available plants — and so consequently they have to move south as the Sahara Desert expands further south. I mean, soon the whole of Mali will become a desert. And in EastAfrica: here the grasslands are supporting too many animalsand the result is, of course, there's no grass — nothing for the animals to eat.I: I see. And the next film deals with North America?B:That's right. In the USA, as you know, intensive agriculture requires a plentiful supply of rain for these crops to grow, Imean if there isn't enough rain the crops don't grow. Andgrowing crops stabilize soil, without them the top soil justblows away. This is also true for any region that is intenselyfarmed — most of Europe, for example.I: And what did you find in South America?B:In South America (as in Central Africa and Southern Asia) tropical forests are being cut down at an alarming rate. This is done so that people can support themselves by growing food or to create ranches where cattle can be raised to be exported toEurope or America as tinned meat. The problem is that the soil is so poor that only a couple of harvests are possible before this very thin soil becomes exhausted. And it can't be fed withfertilizers like agricultural land in Europe.For example, in Brazil in 1982 an area of jungle the size ofBritain and France combined was destroyed to make way for an iron ore mine. Huge numbers of trees are being cut down forexport as hardwood to Japan, Europe, USA to make things like luxury furniture. These forests can't be replaced — the forestsoil is thin and unproductive and in just a few years, a junglehas become a waste land. Tropical forests contain rare plants(which we can use for medicines, for example) and animals —one animal or plant species becomes extinct every half hour.These forest trees also have worldwide effects. You know, they convert carbon dioxide into oxygen. The consequence ofdestroying forests is not only that the climate of that regionchanges (because there is less rainfall) but this change affects the whole world. I mean, over half the world's rain forest has been cut down this century (20th century).B Now try this: listen to a more authentic version of the first part of the interview. Complete the outline.Outline (1)I. Environmental problems in different continentsA. Africa1. Sahara Desert expansion2. no grass for animals to eat (East Africa)B. North America & most of Europe1. situation — intensive farming/agriculture2. potential problem —top soil blowing awayC. South America, Central Africa & Southern Asia1. problem —tropical forests destruction2. consequencesa. soil —> thin —> unproductive —>wastelandb. animal/plant species becoming extinctc. climate change for the whole world Audioscript:I — Interviewer B — Brian CowlesI:Brian Cowles is the producer of a new series of ｄｏｃｕｍｅｎｔaries called "The Earth at Risk" which can be seen onChannel 4 later this month. Each program deals with a different continent, doesn't it, Brian?B:That's right, yes, we went to ... er ... we went to America, both North and South and then we went over to Africa andSoutheast Asia.I: And what did you find in each of these continents?B:Well ... er ... starting with ... er ... Africa, our film shows the impact of the population on the environment. Generallyspeaking, this has caused the Sahara Desert to expand. It's a bit of a vicious circle ... er ... we find, people cut down trees forfirewood and their domestic animals eat all the available plants — and so consequently they have to move south as the Sahara Desert expands further south. I mean, soon the whole of Mali will become a desert. And ... er ... in East Africa: here thegrasslands are supporting too many animals and the result is, of course, there's no grass— nothing for the animals to eat.I:Mm, yes, I see. Um ... and the ... the next film deals with North America?B:That's right. In the ... er ... USA, as you know, intensive agriculture requires a plentiful supply of rain for these crops to grow, I mean if there isn't enough rain the crops don't grow.And growing crops stabilize soil, without them the top soiljust... it just blows away. I mean, this is also true for any region that is intensely farmed — most of Europe, for example.I: And what did you find in South America?B:In South America (a ... as in Central Africa and Southern Asia) tropical forests are being cut down at an alarming rate. Th ...this is done so that people can support themselves by growing food or to create ranches where cattle can be raised to exp ... to be exported to Europe or America as tinned meat. The problemis that the s ... the soil is so poor that ... um ... that only a couple of harvests are possible before this very thin soil becomes exhausted. And it can't be fed with fertilizers like agricultural land in Europe.Um ... for example, in Brazil in 1982 an area of jungle the size of Britain and France combined was destroyed to make way for an iron ore mine. I mean, huge numbers of trees are being cut down for export as hardwood to Japan, Europe, USA (I)mean ... to make things like luxury furniture. These forests can't ... er ... they can't be replaced — the forest soil is thin and unproductive and in just a few years, a ... a jungle has become a waste land. Tropical forests contain rare plants (which ... er ... we can use for medicines, for example) and animals — one animal or plant species becomes extinct every half hour. These ... er ... forest trees ... I mean ... also have worldwide effects. You know, they convert carbon dioxide into oxygen. The consequence of destroying forests is not only that the climate of that region changes (because there is less rainfall) but this change affects the whole world. I mean, over half the world's rain forest has been cut down this century (20th century).Part III The Earth at Risk (II)agency：局，机关Conservation of Nature：自然保护the United Nations Earth Summit：联合国地球峰会Rio de Janeiro/[美]'ri de'ner u，[英]'ri ded 'ni r u/：里约热内卢（巴西港市，州名）in tackling：着手处理issues：问题man-made：人造，人为flooding：洪水natural disasters：自然灾害by and large：总的来说，大体而言obviously：明显hurricanes：飓风earthquakes：地震Bangladesh：孟加拉共和国Nepal：尼泊尔India：印度Himalayas：喜马拉雅山monsoon season：季风季节the river Ganges /'g nd iz/：恒河Sudan：苏丹the Nile：尼罗河Ethiopia /i: i'upi/：埃塞俄比亚terribly：很;非常;极;非常糟糕地depressing：使沮丧;使萧条;使跌价national governments：中央政府forward-looking：有远见的，向前看的policies：政策;策略as far ahead as：远至the next election：下届大选on an international basis：在国际上；以国际为基础presumably：据推测;大概;可能;想来As early as in 1984, the United Nations created a special environmental agency, the International Union for the Conservation of Nature. In 1992, the United Nations Earth Summit in Rio de Janeiro aroused great media interest in tackling difficult global environmental issues.A Listen to the second part of the interview. Note down the key words in the notes column. Then answer the questions. Questions:1. Why is some flooding man-made?Trees would hold rainfall in their roots. When forests in the higher up-river have been destroyed by men, all the rain that falls in the monsoon season flows straight into the river and starts the flooding.2. What does Brian imply when he says the national governments have to be forward-looking?He implies that some national governments just consider the results of their policies in the near future, or just think as far ahead as the next election.Audioscript:I — Interviewer B — Brian CowlesI:So, Brian, would you agree that what we generally think of as natural disasters are in fact man-made?B:Yes, by and large. I mean, obviously not hurricanes or earthquakes, but take flooding, for example. Practically every year, the whole of Bangladesh is flooded and this is gettingworse. You know, the cause is that forests have been cut down up in Nepal and India, I mean, higher up—river in theHimalayas. Trees would hold rainfall in their roots, but ifthey've been cut down all the rain that falls in the monsoonseason flows straight into the river Ganges and floods thewhole country. The reason for flooding in Sudan is the same —the forests higher up the Blue Nile in Ethiopia have beendestroyed too.I:Well, this all sounds terribly depressing. What is to be done? I mean, can anything be done, in fact?B:Yes, of course it can. First, the national governments have to be forward-looking and consider the results of their policies in ten or twenty years, not just think as far ahead as the next election.Somehow, all the countries in the world have to work together on an international basis. Secondly, the population has to becontrolled in some way: there are too many people trying tolive off too little land. Thirdly, we don't need tropicalhardwood to make our furniture — it's a luxury people in the West must do without. Softwoods are just as good, lessexpensive and can be produced on environment-friendly "tree farms", where trees are replaced at the same rate that they are cut down.I:And, presumably, education is important as well. People must be educated to realize the consequences of their actions.B:Yes, of course.I: Well, thank you, Brian.Now try this: listen to a more authentic version of the second part of the interview. Complete the outline.Outline (II)II. Reasons for some "natural" disasters — mainly man-madeA. flooding in BangladeshB. flooding in SudanIII. Action to be takenA. national governments — forward-lookingB. population controlC. stopping using hardwood for furniture-makingD. educating people to realize the consequences Audioscript:I — Interviewer B — Brian CowlesI:So, Brian, would you agree that what we generally think of as ...er ... as er ... natural disasters are in fact man-made?B:Yes, by and large ... er ... I mean, obviously not hurricanes or earthquakes, but take flooding, for example. I mean, practically every year, the whole of Bangladesh is flooded and this isgetting worse. You know, the cause is that forests have beencut down up in Nepal and India ... I mean ... higher up—riverin the Himalayas. Trees ... er ... would hold rainfall in theirroots, but if they've been cut down all the rain that falls in themonsoon season flows straight into the river Ganges and floods the whole country. The reason for flooding in Sudan is thesame — the forests higher up the Blue Nile in Ethiopia havebeen destroyed too.I: Well, this all sounds terribly depressing. Um ... what is to be done? I mean, can anything be done, in fact?B:Yes, of course it can ... er ... first, the national governments have to be forward-looking and consider the results of their policies in ten or twenty years, not just think as far ahead as the nextelection. Somehow, all the countries in the world have to worktogether on an international basis. Secondly, the population has to be controlled in some way: there are too many people trying to live off too little land. Thirdly, we don't need tropicalhardwood to make our furniture — it's a luxury people in theWest must do without. Softwoods are just as good, lessexpensive and can be produced on environment-friendly "tree farms", where trees are replaced at the same rate that they arecut down.I: And, presumably, education is important as well. People must be educated to realize the consequences ... um ... of their actions.B: Yes, yes of course.I: Well, thank you, Brian.Part IV More about the topic:The Effect of Global WarmingIt matters：重要average：平均temperatures：温度Britain's Climate Prediction Center：英国气候预测中心trapped：受限gases：气体atmosphere：大气industrial processes：工业过程the earth's surface：地表fossil fuels：化石燃料the sea level：海平面ice caps：冰顶melt：融化latitudes：纬度lower/higher latitude：高/低纬度equator：赤道drought：干旱Hygiene：卫生，卫生学;保健法insects：昆虫bacteria：细菌expect：期待includes：包括distribution：分配，分布infective agents：传染媒heat-related food poisoning：与热有关的食物中毒contamination：污染;弄脏;毒害;玷污diarrhea：腹泻sensitively：敏感地;易受伤害地;易生气地;慎重地worldwide：世界范围；全世界economies：经济politicians：政客；政治家put stress on：强调warming：变暖potential：潜在的，有可能的global warming：全球变暖accelerate：加速poles：（地）极take action：采取行动decline：下降environmental refugee：环境难民The world is getting warmer. It matters because it changes a lot of things to do with our everyday life. We can also say because the Earth is warming up we could simply not have enough to eat. Do you know what some of the effects of global warming are? Listen to the material. Complete the outline.OutlineI. Wanning up of the worldA. average temperatureB. yearly increaseII. Causes of global warmingIII. Effects of global warmingA. great changes in rainfallB. rise in the sea levelC. reduced potential for food productionD. health and social problems1. environmental refugees2. change of patterns of distribution of insects andinfective agents3. change of patterns of heat-related foodpoisoning, etc.IV. Time to take actionAudioscript:The world is warming up. We know this because average temperatures are the highest since scientists started measuring them600 years ago. The increase is about 0.2 °C every year. This may seem very slight, but we know that slight changes in temperature can have a big effect on other things. Most scientists now believe this global warming is due to human activity.Jeff Jenkins is head of Britain's Climate Prediction Center. He explains how global warming can happen."Sunlight strikes the earth and warms it up. At the same time heat leaves the earth, but part of that is trapped by carbon dioxide and other gases in the earth's atmosphere. That has been happening ever since the earth was formed. But the fear is that increasing amounts of carbon dioxide produced by industrial processes and transport and so on will lead to a greater warming of the earth's surface. So that's the global warming that people are concerned about."People are most concerned about the use of fossil fuels. Fossil fuels are oil, coal, wood and so on. When these burn, they produce the gas carbon dioxide. Many scientists agree that an increase in the amount of carbon dioxide and some of the gases in the atmosphere will increase the amount of warming. Computers are being used to predict what this may mean. They showed that there could be great changes in rainfall and the rise in the sea level as ice caps in thenorth and south poles melt. This could have a serious effect on agriculture according to Prof. Martin Perry of University College in London. He says it could become more difficult to grow food in the tropics at lower latitudes nearer to the equator."The most clear pattern emerging is the possibility of reduced potential production in lower latitude regions, and most generally speaking, increased potential in higher latitude regions. Lower latitude regions are already warm, to put it extremely simply, and plants there are quite near their limits of heat and drought stress. An increase in temperature or reduction in moisture would place limits on crop growth."Woman:Global warming could reduce food production in lower latitude regions. Lower latitude regions are already warm.Global warming could put more stress on plants and placelimits on crop growth.Food production is only one area that could be affected. There could also be health and social problems. Prof. Antony McMichael of the London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine believes that some rural areas are already suffering. And the insects and bacteria could spread disease more easily."Already a number of rural populations around the world are suffering from the decline of agricultural systems. Climatic change would add to this. And we would expect that it would accelerate the flood of environmental refugees around the world. But it includes not just the food production systems, but the patterns of distribution of the insects and infective agents around the world. It includes likely effects on patterns of heat-related food poisoning, water contamination and diarrhea diseases, lots of things like this that would respond very sensitively to changes in climate."Woman:Global warming could affect the distribution of insects.Global warming could change patterns of heat-related foodpoisoning.Many countries now agree that something must be done to reduce the danger of global warming. But a worldwide agreement on lowering the production of carbon dioxide has been difficult to reach. This is because many economies depend on fossil fuels like oil. Scientists believe it's now the politicians in every region of the world who need to take action.Part V Do you know ……？composed of：组成broad-leaved trees：阔叶树tropical regions：热带awareness：知道diminish：消失Indonesia：印尼humid：潮湿的variation：变化，变动see ... as：看作hierarchy：分层，层次;等级制度;统治集团as far as：只要;远到…;据…;直到…为止campaigning organization：活动的组织（者）in different ways：不同方式in different types：不同型号make changes：变更a critical period：养分阶段in terms of：依据；按照；在…方面；以…措词depend on：依靠flexibility：柔韧性，机动性，灵活性;伸缩性;可塑度;柔度and so on：等等write off：流利地写下;损失掉;毁掉; 结束掉priority：优先，优先权;（时间，序上的）先，前at international level：国际水平livelihood：生活，生计;谋生之道;营生prime：最好的;首要的;最初的;基本的watersheds：流域;分水岭( watershed的名词复数);分水线;转折点the biological richness：生物多样性a genetic treasure chest：遗传的宝藏climatic patterns：气候型tribal people：部落，部族，土著民Rain forests are generally composed of tall, broad-leaved trees and usually found in wet tropical regions around the equator. Despite increased awareness of the rainforests' importance during the late 20th century, they continue to diminish. Rainforests grow mainly in South and Central America, West and Central Africa, Indonesia, parts of Southeast Asia, and tropical Australia, where the climate is relatively humid with no marked seasonal variation.Listen to the interview. Complete the outline.OutlineI. The most important environmental issuesA. difficult to make a hierarchy of worryB. rain forests concentrated on most by thecampaigning organizationII. Importance of rain forestsA countries depending on theme.g. people depending on them for their livelihood andthe quality of their environmentB. the biological richness of the rain forestse.g. more than 60% of the world's species found in therain forestsC. impact on climatic patternsAudioscript:A:About big international issues: what do you see as the most important environmental issues of the moment?B:It's quite difficult to make a kind of hierarchy of worry here, because so many issues are there, and so ... and they're all very very important. But I think it has to be said that as far as wewe're concerned, as a campaigning organization, it really is the rain forest that we are concentrating on most. If we don't take action on that issue within the next five years, thenenvironmental pressure groups won't have anything to do in ten years' time, because there won't be any rain forests, really, for them to campaign about. So this is a critical period for the rain forests, the next five years, and there is enough flexibility in the system to allow us to hope that we're going to be able to make some changes during that time. So that's why we've made it our priority.A:What's so important about the rain forests, then? Er, what's, what's the difference between having them or not having them?Isn't it just, you know, basically either there are a lot of treesthere or there aren't a lot of trees there?B:Uhh ... well that's what some people would like to think. Um, there, it's important in many different ways, important firstlyfor the countries themselves, in terms of the fact that millions of people depend on the rain forests for their livelihood, and for their ... the quality of their environment, through the protection of watersheds, and so on. Secondly, they're important because of the biological richness of the rain forests. Um, a genetic。

大学英语听力教程第三册（第二版）听力原文UNIT1 Is the Earth Being Squeezed DryPart1 Getting readyB The Amazon forests are disappearing because of increased burning and tree removal. In September, satellite pictures showed more than 20000 fires burning in the Amazon. Experts say most of these fires were set by farmers. The farmers were attempting to clear land to grow crops. The World Wildlife Fund says another serious problem is that too many trees in the Amazon rain forest are being cut down. The World Wildlife Fund says the fires show the need for urgent international action to protect the world's rain forests. The group warns that without such action some forests could be lost forever.2. Environmental issues swell to the full in Berlin this week, for the UN spongsored conference on global warming and climate change is the first such meeting since the Rio summit three years ago. With scientists and governments now generally ready to accept that the earth climate is being affected by emissions of CO2 and other greenhouse gases, over a hundred countries are sending delegations. But how much progress has been made implementing the greenhouse gas reduction target agreed on at Rio? Simon Dary reports...Part2 The earth at riskI: Brian Cowles is the producer of a new series of documentaries called "The Earth at Risk" which can be seen on Channel 4 later this month. Each program deals with a different continent, doesn't it, Brian?B: That's right. We went to America, both North and South and then we went over to Africa and South-East Asia.I: And what did you find in each of these continents?B: Starting with Africa, our film shows the impact of the population on the environment. Generally speaking, this has caused the Sahara Desert to expand. It's a bit of a vicious circle we find. People cut down trees for firewood and their domestic animals eat all the available plants — and so consequently they have to move south as the Sahara Desert expands further south. I mean, soon the whole of Mali will become a desert. And in East Africa: here the grasslands are supporting too many animals and the result is, of course, there's no grass — nothing for the animals to eat.I: I see. And the next film deals with North America?B: That's right. In the USA, as you know, intensive agriculture requires a plentiful supply of rain for these crops to grow, I mean if there isn't enough rain the crops don't grow. And growing crops stabilize soil, without them the top soil just blows away. This is also true for any region that is intensely farmed — most of Europe, for example.I: And what did you find in South America?B: In South America (as in Central Africa and Southern Asia) tropical forests are being cut down at an alarming rate. This is done so that people can support themselves by growing food or to create ranches where cattle can be raised to be exported to Europe or America as tinned meat. The problem is that the soil is so poor that only a couple of harvests are possible before this very thin soil becomes exhausted. And it can't be fed with fertilizers like agricultural land in Europe.For example, in Brazil in 1982 an area of jungle the size of Britain and France combined was destroyed to make way for an iron ore mine. Huge numbers of trees are being cut down for exports as hardwood to Japan, Europe, USA to make things like luxury furniture. These forests can't be replaced — the forest soil is thin and unproductive and in just a few years, a jungle has become a waste land. Tropical forests contain rare plants (which we can use for medicines, for example) and animals — one animal or plant species becomes extinct every half hour. These forest trees also have worldwide effects. You know, they convert carbon dioxide into oxygen. The consequence of destroying forests is not only that the climate of that region changes (because there is less rainfall) but this change affects the whole world. I mean,over half the world's rain forest has been cut down this century.Part3sectionA I-Interviewer B-Brian CowlesI: So, Brian, would you agree that what we generally think of as natural disasters are in fact man-made?B: Yes, by and large. I mean, obviously not hurricanes or earthquakes, but take flooding, for example. Practically every year, the whole of Bangladesh is flooded and this is getting worse. You know, the cause is that forests have been cut down up in Nepal and India, I mean higher up-river in the Himalayas. Trees would hold rainfall in their roots, but if they've been cut down all the rain that falls in the monsoon season flows sraight into the river Ganges and floods the whole country. The reason for flooding in Sudan is the same — the forests higher up the Blue Nile in Ethiopia have been destroyed too.I: Well, this all sounds terribly depressing. Um ... What is to be done? I mean, can anything be done, in fact?B: Yes, of course it can. First, the national governments have to be forward-looking and consider the results of their policies in ten or twenty years, not just think as far ahead as the next election. Somehow, all the countries in the world have to work together on an international basis. Secondly, the population has to be controlled in some way: there are too many people trying to live off too little land. Thirdly, we don't need tropical hardwood to make our furniture — it's a luxury people in the West must do without. Softwoods are just as good, less expensive and can be produced on environment-friendly "tree farms", where trees are replaced at the same rate that they are cut down.I: And, presumably, education is important as well. People must be educated to realize the consequences of their actions?B: Yes, of course.I: Well, thank you, Brian.sectionB I-Interviewer B-Brian CowlesI: So, Brian, would you agree that what we generally think of as ... er... as er ... natural disasters are in fact man-made?B: Yes, by and large ... er ... I mean, obviously not hurricanes or earthquakes, but take flooding, for example. I mean, practically every year, the whole of Bangladesh is flooded and this is getting worse. You know, the cause is that forests have been cut down up in Nepal and India ... I mean ... higher up-river in the Himalayas. Trees ...er ... would hold rainfall in their roots, but if they've been cut down all the rain that falls in the monsoon season flows straight into the river Ganges and floods the whole country. The reason for flooding in Sudan is the same — the forests higher up the Blue Nile in Ethiopia have been destroyed too.Part4The world is warming up. We know this because average temperatures are the highest since scientists started measuring them 600 years ago. The increase is about 0.2℃every year. This may seem very slight, but we know that slight changes in temperature can have a big effect on other things. Most scientists now believe this global warming is due to human activity.Jeff Jenkins is head of Britain's Climate Prediction Center. He explains how global warming can happen."Sunlight strikes the earth and warms it up. At the same time heat leaves the earth, but part of that is trapped by carbon dioxide and other gases in the earth's atmosphere. That has been happening ever since the earth was formed. But the fear is that increasing amounts of carbon dioxide produced by industrial processes and transport and so on will lead to a greater warming of the earth's surface. So that's the golbal warming that people are concerned about."People are most concerned about the use of fossil fuels. Fossil fuels are oil, coal, wood and so on. When these burn, they produce the gas carbon dioxide. Many scientists agree that an increase in the amount of carbon dioxide and some of the gases in the atmosphere will increase the amount of warming. Computers are being used to predict what this may mean. They showed that there could begreat changes in rainfall and the rise in the sea level as ice caps in the north and south poles melt. This could have a serious effect on agriculture according to Prof. Martin Perry of University College in London. He says it could become more difficult to grow food in the tropics at lower latitudes nearer to the equator."The most clear pattern emerging is the possibility of reduced potential production in lower latitude regions, and most generally speaking, increased potential in higher latitude regions. Lower latitude regions are already warm, to put it extremely simply, and plants there are quite near their limits of heat and drought stress. An increase in temperature or reduction in moisture would place limits on crop growth."Woman: Global warming could reduce food production in lower latitude regions. Lower latitude regions are already warm. Global warming could put more stress on plans and place limits on crop growth.Food production is only one area that could be affected. There could also be health and social problems. Prof. Antony MacMichael of the London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine believes that some rural areas are already suffering. And the insects and bacteria could spread disease more easily."Already a number of rural populations around the world are suffering from the decline of agricultural systems. Climate change would add to this. And we would expect that it would accelerate the flood of environmental refugees around the world. But it includes not just the food production systems, but the patterns of distribution of insects and infective agents around the world. It includes likely effects on patterns of hear-related food poisoning, water contamination and diarrhea diseases, lots of things like this that would respond sensitively to changes in climate."Woman: Global warming could affect the distribution of insects. Global warming could change patterns of heat-related food poisoning.Many countries now agree that something must be done to reduce the danger of global warming. But a worldwide agreement on lowering the production of carbon dioxide has been difficult to reach. This is because many economies depend on fossil fuels like oil. Scientists believe it's now the politicians in every region of the world who need to take action.Part5 Environment has taken rather a back seat politically since the Earth summit in Rio de Janeiro nearly 5 years ago. But the problems that meeting highlighted had not gone away. One environmental think tank — the International Food Policy Research Institute — has been looking at the future of water and its report reflects growing concern at the huge leap in usage over the past few years.In some parts of the world, water consumption has increased five fold. And the institute, known by its initials IFPRI, says shortages could soon become the trigger for conflict and a major barrier to feeding the world's growing population. Here's Richard Black of our Science Unit."It's often been said that water rather than oil will be the cause of warfare in the next century. According to the IFPRI report, the time when that happens might not be far away. The number of people affected by water shortage will increase ten fold over the next 30 years, it says, which could well lead to large scale conflicts.The main reason why water is becoming a scarce resource is agriculture, which now accounts for 70% of water consumption worldwide, 90% in some developing countries. Countless farmers have switched from growing indigenous crops for the home market to high yield export varieties, which inevitably need far more water. But the IFPRI report says that in some regions water shortage is now the single biggest impediment to feeding the population. Water scarcity also leads to water pollution. In the Indian State of West Bengal, for example, over extraction of water from bore holes has led to arsenic poisoning which is estimated to have affected two million people so far. But the IFPRI report calls for better water management worldwide including financial incentives to encourage conservation."Unit 2Unit2Part1A: Hello, I'm calling on behalf of the World Wildlife Fund.B: The what?A: The World Wildlife Fund. If you've got a few minutes I'd like to tell you what that means.B: Oh, all right.A: We work to conserve natural areas that contain endangered wildlife. The seas, for example, have become polluted by the industrialized world; whales are being hunted to extinction; turtles are rolled off their eggs when they come ashore to breed or are slaughtered for their meat and oil …B: Oh.A: Crocodiles are killed to make handbags and shoes; walruses are hunted for their ivory.B: I see.A: Seals are bludgeoned to death to provide fur coats and the threat of extinction hangs over several species of whale, dolphin and porpoise.B: Really.A: We are now campaigning to provide sea sanctuaries for some of these endangered species.B: Very interesting.A: Aided by our campaign, protected nesting sites for turtles have already been set up. As you can see, this is very valuable work and I wonder therefore if you'd like to make a donation?Part2 John James Audubon was an American artist in the early 1800s, who illustrated birds in their natural habitats. The Society named after him was founded in the late 1800s by conservationists concerned with the decline of birds, which were being killed so their feathers could be used in the manufacture of women's hats.Sponsored by the National Audubon Society, more than 40 000 volunteers will be outside counting birds from today until January 3rd. V olunteers from all 50 states of the United States, every Canadian province, parts of Central and South America, Bermuda, the West Indies and Pacific islands have begun to count and record every individual bird and bird species observed during the two and one half week period of the count.Jeffrey LeBaron is the National Audubon Society's Christmas Bird Count editor. He says the count is the longest-running bird census in ornithology.This year, according to Mr. LeBaron, more than 1 600 separate bird counts have been scheduled. Some would have as few as 10 people taking part, others with hundreds. The logistics of the Christmas bird count, he adds, are simple."Each individual count is in a circle. It's a 15 mile diameter circle, um, around the exact center point. And it's always the exactly same area that's done every year, usually, even on the same weekend during the count period. And what the ideal would be, which is virtually impossible, is this census: every single individual bird within that circle on the count day."Mr. LeBaron says experienced bird counters can get a good idea of the total bird populations within the count circle based on the number of birds they actually see. The editor points out, however, that the counts are not only for experienced bird watchers."Anybody that is interested or concerned can become involved. Beginners will go out in a party with experienced individuals who know both the area and the birds in the area, in the field where more eyes and ears are better. And then anybody can point out a bird, and someone in the field will always be able to identify the bird."Part3A —Alan Tu R — Rick Troud D — Deborah Duffield P — Peter JonesJ — Jean Michel Cousteau[Alan Tu is an announcer for Colorado Public Radio; Peter Jones is a reporter for Colorado PublicRadio. The other speakers are identified in the report.]A: A planned aquatic park in Denver is raising the ire of animal rights activists who object to a proposal to include a captive dolphin display. Although officials for Colorado's Ocean Journeys say they have yet to make a final decision on the issue, local and national activists have already instigated a "No Dolphins in Denver' campaign. As Colorado Public Radio's Peter Jones reports, the battle lines have been clearly drawn.P: Rick Troud, a former navy dolphin trainer based in Florida, is taking an active role in the "No Dolphins" campaign.R: Average age in the wild ranges anywhere in some of the studies between 30 and 40 years of age. In captivity, you can expect a dolphin to live maybe 5.13 years, and every 7 years in captivity, the dolphin population is dead.P: According to Troud, there are many reasons why dolphins can't live full lives in captivity.R: If you take a look at where the real dolphin is in the real ocean, you find the dolphin who swims 40 miles a day, is very family-oriented. These animals are separated from their mothers; that's a stress. You put them in a concrete tank where their sonar bounces off of walls, they can't swim in the same amount of time and direction that they can in the wild.P: Environmentalist and ocean explorer, Jean Michel Cousteau:J: There are some animals which reject captivity right away, and they're very suicidal. I've had one of those in my own arms for many days. The next morning when I came to take care of him, he was dead. And what he'd done was to swim as fast as he could from one end of the pool on ... to the other side and destroyed his head by hitting the wall. They have a very sophisticated brain. I don't think we have any rights to play with the lives of these animals.P: Cousteau's anti-captivity position is challenged by Dr. Deborah Duffield, a biology professor at Portland State College in Oregon. Her 1990 study compared captive dolphins to the wild population of Sarasota Bay, Florida. Among other findings, the study showed little if any difference in the average age of death. And Duffield says life is generally getting better for captive dolphins.D: The census data say that every time I do a census, I've got older and older animals in it as well as this normal age distribution that we've been looking at. So my feeling is that the trend in captivity has been that the group of animals that we're following are getting older, and if they continue to do that over the next five years, they will then indeed be older than the wild population.P: There is also a debate over the educational benefits of keeping marine mammals in captivity. According to Duffield, captive dolphins play an important role in our basic understanding of the animals.D: I firmly believe that we cannot learn anything about organisms that we share this world with if we do not understand how they live in an environment, and what they do, and that watching them go by in the wild will not do it. I cannot tell what an animal needs, unless I know how it operates, how it breeds, what it needs metabolically, and I can't learn that from animals in the wild.P: But Troud says the dolphin displays are anti-educational because the animals' natural behavior patterns are altered by captivity.R: In the wild, you don't have dolphins who beat each other to death. There are no dolphins that I've ever seen stranded on the beach, who are suffering from fractured skulls, fractured ribs or fractured jaws, as is the case in captivity.P: The Ocean Journey board will take all factors into consideration before making a final decision on whether to include dolphins in the park. For Colorado Public Radio, I'm Peter Jones.Part4Mr. LeBaron says there are about 9 300 different known species of birds. Larger numbers of them live in the warmer climates. For example, more than 300 different species have been counted in Panama, while far fewer species are native to colder climates. Aside from their esthetic value, Mr. LeBaron says birds are important to the environment because they can signal changes in it."Birds are one of the best indicators that we have of the quality of the environment within the given area. Whether it is a relatively local area, or even primarily on the worldwide bases, they areone of the first things to be altered. They are quite sensitive to a habitat alteration or to other threats. And often times when birds are disappearing out of the area, it just means there is a degradation of the quality of the habitat within that area which will adversely affect everything in there including humans."National Audubon Society editor Jeffrey LeBaron calls the world's bird populations a source of wealth that humans must protect."People get so much pleasure out of looking at birds and listening to birds. And if they start disappearing just the er, the quality of life, um, may be not physically, but the mental quality of life can be degraded quickly."Jeffrey LeBaron says that while the National Audubon Society's annual Christmas bird counts show a decline in some species, many types of birds are actually increasing their populations.Part5Scientists have cataloged more than one and one-half million of the species that exist on Earth today. By some recent estimates, at least 20 times that many species inhabit the planet..Up to 100 species become extinct every day. Scientists estimate that the total number of species lost each year may climb to 40 000 by the year 2000, a rate far exceeding any in the last 65 million years..Around the world more than 3 500 protected areas exist in the form of parks, wildlife refuges and other reserves. These areas cover a total of about 2 million square miles (5 million square km, or 3% of our total land area)..Today, more than 200 animal species in the United States are classified as endangered. More than 1 000 animal species are endangered worldwide..Little-noticed aquatic animals are in big trouble. In North America, a third of our fish species, two-thirds of our crayfish species and nearly three-quarters of the mussel species are in trouble.Unit 3Unit3 part1 Looking here at Wednesday's weather forecast for Europe. It's certainly clear that winter is starting to take its grip on the continent. Berlin on Wednesday, mostly cloudy and very cold, and -2 degrees for your high. Brussels, Belgium, a little warmer at one degree, partly sunny. London, 5 degrees for your high, mostly cloudy throughout the day. In Paris, your high temperature is 0 degrees on Wednesday, partly cloudy as well. Rome, 8 degrees for your high, with periods of clouds and sunshine. And Vienna, Austria, -2 degrees on Wednesday, cloudy and of course cold. Athens, Greece, a little warmer at 10 degrees, periods of clouds and sunshine on Wednesday. Belgrade, Yugoslavia, 1 degree for your high, mostly cloudy. Istanbul, 5 degrees, and partly sunny. And Kiev, Ukraine, -7 degrees, and you can expect snow. Moscow, -9 degrees on Wednesday, also snowy. And in Prague, the Czech Republic, -4 degrees with snow flurries, so sounds like typical of weather for that area of the world. Let's look at what we have here in Washington D.C., no snow yet, but it will be coming.As 1998 ends and people look forward to the last year of the century, the World Almanac spoke with experts about what comes next. Almanac editorial director says the experts believe the next century will bring lots of changes."Warm, of course, that our climate is going to continue getting warmer. That's the subject, by the way, of another new article on the 1999 World Almanac. The greenhouse effect, exactly what causes it, and what steps to be taken to, um, perhaps, to alleviate global warmings. I've seen recently that 1998 is going to go down as the warmest year ever on record. And so that's going to be a major issue of the next century, and possible tremendous consequences of the global warmings, whether it is rising sea levels affecting the coastal areas; changes in climate zones affecting what crops can be grown, and inwhat regions. This is potentially a very significant trend to be watched."Major ocean storms in the northern part of the world usually develop in late summer or autumn over waters near the equator. They are known by several different names. Scientists call these storms cyclones when they happen just north or south of the equator in the Indian Ocean. In the western Pacific Ocean or the China Sea, these storms are called typhoons. In the eastern Pacific and Atlantic Ocean, they are called hurricanes.Part2 Satellite readings confirm that conditions are right for another El Nino, a cyclic weather pattern that affects the global climate."El Nino's normally show up about twice a decade and it lasts about 12 to 18 months, bringing warmer weather to parts of the earth. Some regions become wetter than usual, others drier. The El Nino, which began in 1991 has lingered through this year. Although several years might have been expected to pass before the next one, an American-French satellite observing the oceans has found a sign that El Nino may come back quicker than expected."'These kinds of things still happen.' This is Brig Jacker, an oceanographer of the US Naval Research Laboratory in Mississippi."'Every year is unpredictable. One year might be El Nino year, one year might not. Generally El Nino's come in four year cycles. But there's nothing to say that you can't have two El Nino years in a row.'"El Nino's begin with the decline of winds pulling cold water away from South America's west coast to around the equator. This allows warm water in the western Pacific Ocean to expand eastward toward the America's. At the same time, the clouds and rain over the warm water move eastward too. Radar aboard the American-French satellite detected the hint thatsuch water movement began in early August and reached South America two months later. It saw a ripple called a 'Calvin wave' moving slowly eastward. Such pulses sometimes give rise to El Nino conditions in the eastern equatorial Pacific."El Nino's can change the weather around the world, but how much depends on its strength. A strong one in 1982 and 1983 has been linked to droughts in Australia and Indonesia, rains and flooding in South America, and unseasonably warm weather in much of the United States. But even the mild El Nino that began in 1991 has caused trouble. It has been associated with devastating floods in the US southeast last year and in the US midwest this year. El Nino's are hard on the South American fishing industry. The warm waters prevent nutrients rich cold water from rising to the surface, causing fish stocks to become depletive. Mr. Jacker said a new El Nino apparently would be mild but he is not betting on it yet."The US Naval oceanographer says predictions are difficult because the strength of El Nino depends on how winds affect the 'Calvin wave' that has moved across the Pacific."Part3It’s about an hour’s drive from the outskirts of San Jose, California, near the upper side of the state’s hig h-technology region known as “Silicon Valley”. As a visitor drives up the narrow winding road past red flowers, and eucalyptus trees, one of the first two seismographic stations in the world, it’s almost a surprise to glimpse the largest dome of Lick Obser vatory’s eight telescopes. Overlooking the world of computer age manufacturing are telescopes from the turn of the century which help shape our understanding of the universe.The huge dome, housing Lick Observatory’s giant, one meter wide reflecting telescope, is one of the few instruments in motion this morning on Mount Hamilton. At the 1260-meter summit of Mount Hamilton is a small village of 55 permanent residents, some of them students in a one-room school house. But most at the research complex are visiting astronomers catching their first hours of sleep in an old dormitory after a night’s work at the telescopes. Reminton Stone, director of operations at Lick Observatory has worked at the top of Mount Hamilton for three decades. Now a part of the University of California, Lick Observatory got its name from a wealthy businessman who never studied。

英语听力教程第三版（张民伦主编）Unit_8_The_Sound_of_Music听力原文Listen this way听力教程第三册-8Unit 8 The Sound of MusicPart I Getting readyA quiz game show is a type of radio or television programming genre in which contestants, television personalities or celebrities, sometimes as part of a team, play a game which involves answering questions or solving puzzles usually for money and/or prizes.A The following words will appear in this unit. Listen carefully and study the definitions.1. panel：a group of specialists who give their advice or opinion about something2. contender：a person who takes part in a competition or tries to win something3. nomination：the act of suggesting or choosing somebody asa candidate in an election, or for a job or an award4. cinematography：the art or process of making films5. score：the music written for a film/movie or play6. audition：take part in a practical test for performing applicants7. choreography：the arranging or inventing of dances, especially ballet8. pantomime：traditional Christmas musical show for children9. scherzo：a short, lively piece of music, that is often part ofa longer piece10. lyrics：the words of a songListen to the following radio quiz game. Who are those people on the panel? Supply the missing information.Now listen again. Put a mark beside each question. Put a tick if it is true. If it is false, put a cross. Finally write down who that person is.Audioscript::A - Announcer M - MaxineQ - Quizmaster L - LauraT-Tim D-David Radio Bristol. Ladies and gentlemen, it's time for "Alive or Dead?" our exciting quiz game about famous people alive or dead. Before I tell you the rules, let's meet our panel for tonight. From right to left we have that famous sportsman and racing driver, Tim Brown. T:. Evening everyone. Next to Tim, is that lovely star of the American cinema, who is now here in Bristol at the Opera House, Maxine Morgan. Hi there! Next we have novelist, David Walker. Good evening. And last but not least, composer and singer, Laura Dennison. Hello. So let's get with the game. I have the name of a famous person -- alive or dead -- in this envelope. The panel will try to guess who it is. But they can only ask questions which have a "yes" or "no" answer. Are we ready? Well, yes. Are you alive? No, I'm not. Now Maxine, let's have your question. You're not alive. So you are a famous person who is dead. Oh, I know. Are you a person in a book -- a fictional character -- somebody who isn't real? No, I'm not fictional. David, can we have your question? So you're a real, dead person? That's right, I am. Good, now we want to know where you come from. Are you British? No, I'm not British. Are you from Europe? No, I'm not. T: Are you Australian? No, Tim, I'm not. I'm not Australian.Oh, then I know, you're American. You're a real American person, butyou're dead. Now let me think. Ah, yes, are you a writer of any sort? No, I'm not. Are you anything to do with peace, you know someone like Martin Luther King? A good guess, Laura, but I'm nothing to do with peace. Well, that's a difficult one, really. I think the answer is half "Yes" and half "No". No, I'll say "No". T: Mm, funny, half "Yes", half "No", but finally "No". Well, well, are you famous as an entertainer of any sort, you know a film star, or pop singer, or an actor, you know what I mean? Ask one question at a time, Tim, please. The answer to your question is "No". I've got it, I've got the answer. I know, I'm right. Careful now, Maxine. Say the wrong answer and I win the game. Are you sure you know who I am? Yes, you're dead, you're famous, you're American, you are sort of famous for peace work. You're not an entertainer -- you're not an American film star. I don't think you were famous as a soldier. I think you were a politician, I think you died in 1963.1 think you were married to a very beautiful woman ... I think you are very close, Maxine. I think you are almost there. I think you once went to Berlin. I think you are President John Kennedy, President of the United States of America. And congratulations to you and the panel, Maxine. Yes, you are right, the name of the famous person in myenvelope is President Kennedy, born in 1917 and died in 1963, on November 22nd to be exact. Now for my next famous person ...Part II Slumdog Millionaire Slumdog Millionaire is a 2000 British drama film. Set and filmed in India, the film tells the story of Jamal Malik, a young man from the Juhu slums of Mumbai who appears on the Indian version of Who Wants to Be aMillionaire? and exceeds people's expectations, thereby arousing the suspicions of cheating. It was widely acclaimed, being praised for its plot, soundtrack and directing. It was nominated for 10 Academy Awards in 2009, winning eight, including Best Picture, Best Director, and Best Adapted Screenplay.A Listen to the first news report broadcasted when Slumdog Millionaire won 10 Academy Award nominations. Note down the key words in the notes column. Then complete the storyline of the movie.Audioscript:One of the strongest contenders for the Best Picture Oscar this year is Slumdog Millionaire.Set in Mumbai, India, it is a story about destiny. Jamal Malik, a young man from the slums, becomes a contestant on the Indian reality show Who Wants to Be a Millionaire? Based on its American equivalent, the Indian show offers 20 million rupees ($400 000) to the winner.Few expected this independent production directed by filmmaker Danny Boyle to make it to the Oscars. But Slumdog is no longer an underdog. It has won viewers' hearts and gained critical acclaim. With ten Academy Award nominations, it is a serious Oscar contender. (Movie) Host: Jamal Malik, you 're absolutely right!Jamal Malik is not knowledgeable. He just happens to know the answers to the specific questions he's been asked. Each question is somehow related to an event that has defined his life.With their mother dead, Jamal and his brother Salim begin to steal, trade and sleep wherever they can to survive.But the defining moment in Jamal's life is when an orphan girl named Latika tags along with them.Latika is taken by gangsters and Jamal will not rest until he sees her again.Years later, as a young adult, he finds her at a gangster's house. She is locked up, and her only pastime is the Indian TV show Who Wants to Be a Millionaire? Jamal gets on the show so she can watch him. (Movie) Two of the musketeers are called Athos and Porthos. What was the name of the third musketeer? Danny: I'd like to phone a friend. Host: Here we go. Latika: Hello.Latika answers the phone. When they were kids, she was the third musketeer. Jamal and Salim were Athos and Porthos. Director Danny Boyle's love story is influenced by Bollywood where everything is extreme.Like most Indian films, Slumdog Millionaire offers upall-consuming passion, tear-jerking drama and a happy ending. The film's dynamic music and vivid colors enhance the emotions. Its fairytale quality does not undermine Danny Boyle's gritty look at today's India, a country of extremes itself. (Movie) Danny: Latika.。

《英语听力教程3》答案与听力材料呵呵....考试一路顺风......UNIT 1A.B. Keys:Part I Getting ready1: burning of the forests/tree removal (deforestation)/reduction of the world's rain forests2: global warming/greenhouse effect/emissions of CO2Part II The Earth at risk (I)A. Keys:1.a. More people--------?more firewood----?fewer treesb. More domestic animals------?more plants-----?fewer available plantsa, b--? More desert----?move south-----?desrtt expanding south----?no grass2. Growing crops stabilize soil, without them the top soil just blows away. But if there isn't enough rain the crops don't grow.3. People try to grow food to support themselves or to create ranches where cattle can be raised, or to get hardwood for export, or to make way for an iron ore mineB. Keys:1: Sahara Desert2: North America & most of Europe3: top soil blowing away4: tropical forests destruction5: animal/plant species becoming extinct6: climate change for the whole worldPart III The Earth at risk (II)A. Keys:1: Trees would hold rainfall in their roots. When forests in the higher up-river have been destroyed, all the rain that falls in the monsoon season flows straight into the river and starts the flooding.2: He implies that some national governments just consider the results of their policies in the near future, or just think as far ahead as the next election.B. Keys:1: flooding in Bangladesh2: Action to be taken3: population controlPart IV More about the topic: The Effects of Global Warming Keys:1: Warming up of the world2: Effects of global3: reduced potential for food production4: change of patterns of hear-related food poisoning, etc.Part V Do you know…?A. Keys:1: F 2: F 3: F 4: F 5: TB. Keys:Dos 1: your towels 2: Cut out 3: a wall-fire 4: fridge 5: wait until you've a full load6: a complete mealDon’ts 7: iron everything 8: the iron up 9: the kettle 10: to the brim11: hot foodUnit 2Part I Getting readyA.B. Keys:1: International Union for the Conservation of Nature,United Nations, wildlife, policies2: Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species, trade, animals and plants, 1975, prohibits, 8000, controls,300003: United Nations Environmental Program,leadership, environment, quality of life4: World Wide Fund for Nature(formerly World Wildlife Fund) , 1961, Sahara Desert, North America & most of Europe,top soil blowing awayC. Keys:1: 2 2: 4 3: 5 4: 1,6 5: 3Questions:1: They work to conserve natural areas that contain endangered wildlife2: They are campaigning to provide sea sanctuaries for some of these endangered species.Protected-nesting sites for turtles have been set up3: It refers to the places of safety in the sea where sea animals are protected and allowed to live freelyPart II Christmas bird countsA. Keys:1: Jan. 3rd 2: more than 40 000 volunteers 3: 1 600 4: a 15 mile diameter5: an American artist 6: their natural habitats 7: the late 1800sB. Keys:1: start 2: sponsored 3: outside counting birds 4: experienced bird watchers5: anyone that is interested or concerned 6: scheduled 7: 10 people taking part8: 15 mile diameter circle 9: the total bird populations 10: the number of birds11: the longest-running bird census 12: undefinedPart III Dolphin captivityA.B. Keys:1: 1 2: 3 3: 4 4: 5 5: 26: Dolphins should be kept in captivity.7: There are educational benefits of keeping marine mammals in captivity.C. Keys:1: stress (family-oriented) 2: sonar bouncing off3: average age of death; life getting better for captive dolphins4: natural behabior patterns-altered5: suffering from fractured skulls, ribs or jaws6: can't learn from animals in the wild how they operate, breed, what they need, etc.Part IV More about the topic: Birds----A Source of WealthKeys:1：9300 2：Habitat 3：warmer climates 4：300 different species5：colder climates 6：habitat alteration 7：esthetic value 8：Birds' populationPart V Do you know…?Keys:1: one and one-half million 2: 20 times3: 100 4: 40000 5: 65 million6: 3500 7: 2 million square miles 8: 3%9: 200 animal species 10: 100011: a third 12: two-thirds 13: three-quartersUnit 3 El Nino? La Nina? Part ID. warmer/ green house effect / sea levels/ climate zones As 1998 ends and people look forward to the last year of the century, the World Almanac spoke with experts about what comes next. Almanac editorial director says the experts believe the next century will bring lots of changes.Warm, of course, that our climate is going to continue getting warmer. That’s the subject, by the way, of another new article on the 1999 World Almanac. The greenhouse effect, exactly what causes it, and what steps to be taken to, perhaps to alleviate global warmings. I’ve seen recently that 1998 is going to go dow n as the warmest year ever on record. And so that’s going to be a major issue of the nextcentury, and possible tremendous consequences of the global warmings, whether it is rising sea levels affecting the coastal areas; changes in climate zones affecting what crops can be grown, and in what regions. This is potentially a very significant trend to be watched.E. Cyclone: North or south of equator / Typhoon:/ Hurricane: Eastern PacificMajor ocean storms in the northern part of the world usually develop in late summer or autumn over waters near the equator. They are known by several different names. Scientists call these storms cyclones when they happen just north or south of the equator in the Indian Ocean. In the western Pacific Ocean or the China Sea, these storms are called typhoons. In the eastern Pacific and Atlantic Ocean, they are called hurricanes.Part IIA. Outline 1. A. weather pattern/ global climateB. 1. twice a decade 2. 12-18 monthsC. 1. warmer weather/2. wetter than usual/ drier D. the decline of winds II. 1. droughtsB. a cyclic weather pattern/ about twice a decade/ wetter/ drier/ cold water away from South America’s west/ to expand eastward toward the America’s / move eastward too/ the weather around theworld/ droughts/ rains and flooding/ on the South American fishing industry/ to become depletive/ the strength of it/Part III Lick ObservatoryB. location: an hour’s drive/ summit/Origin of the name: a wealthy businessmanSize: one meter diameter/ secondTime: 1888Present function: research/ an educational toolC. way of observation: human eyes; in the cold/ TV screen Gains and losses: Romance/ the sky/ efficiency/ reality/ universe Questions:1. Because lick Observatory is near “Silicon Valley”, a regio n of the states high-technology.2. Because Lick Observatory was built on his estate and he was buried at the base of the telescope at this won request.3. By using the 19th century telescope, you have a feeling of romance with direct viewing with the human eyes. By sing the modern devices, you lose that romance but gain the efficiency. That’s an exchange.Part IV. The national climatic Data Center.A. OutlineI. A. 1951 B. headquarters C. satellites, radar, solar radiationsystem, airplanes, shipsII. B. collecting weather records from around the world D. publications about earth environment. E. requests fro information from all over the world.B. questions.1. The Department of Defense, the National Weather Service, the coastguard2. The office has written weather observations made by early American diplomat Benjamin Franklin and by the third President of the U.S.3. You can get the information by computer, microfilm and telephone4. American cities. Another publication has monthly reports from 1500 observation stations around the world.5.The center had more than 900,000 requests from government officials, business owners,Unit 4 Reports on Disasters & AccidentsPart I.1. firebomb/ shopping/ several /2. 1,000 tornadoes3. car ferry/ taken over/ Green Action Front4. South Korea/ 270/ thousands5. robbed/ 5/ lunchtime/ 10,0006. hurricane/ 100/ twenty/ 1007. Hijacked/ TuesdayPart II. Hurricanes & tornadoesA. 1. a storm 2. about 2000 3. the winds were up to 75 miles an hour 4. the Indian army 5. destroyed/ links / collapsed 6. more than 40 people 7. over 100,000 peopleLarge numbers of villages have been completely cut off. The official said the death toll could reach 2000. the Indian army has been called into help the relief effort. From Deli. Here is David Willis.The storm with winds of up to 75 miles an hour struck India’s southeast coast, flattening homes, destroying crops and cutting transport links. Eyewitnesses reported tidal waves more than 12 feet high. The storm was followed by torrential rains, which swept away roads and railway lines, and flooded low lying areas. More than 40 people are thought to have died when a ferry sank. But most of the deaths have been due to flooding, houses collapsing or electrocutions. More than 100,000 people have been evacuated from their homes and are taking shelter in relief camps. After surveying the flooded area by helicopter, the chief minister said it resembled aburial ground. He’s appealed to the federal government to treat the incident as a national calamity. David Willis.B. 1. The worst of the heavy rains and thunderstorms appears to be over2. in parts of Europe3. During the past week4. Affected5. At least five6. because emergency warnings were issued before.C. 1. c 2 b 3. d 4. bNine hours Greenwich Mean Time. The news read by Wendy Gordon. The worst of the heavy rains and thunderstorms that have been sweeping parts of Europe during the past week appears to be over. Exceptionally heavy rainfall brought flooding to many parts of Germany, Switzerland, Northern Italy and France and chaos to rail and road transport. Although most flights are expected to be back to normal by this time tomorrow, there are expected to be serious delays on the German and Italian motorways over the forthcoming holiday weekend and train services are unlikely to be normalized for several days. A government spokeswoman in France announced that the damage to homes and property is expected to be at least four thousand million francs. It is reported that at least five people havelost their lives. Experts agree that casualty figures are low because emergency warnings were issued on the day before the storms began. The federal government in Switzerland has urged motorists and rail travelers not to travel during the next few days and no international traffic will be allowed on the main north-south motorway routes across the country until next Tuesday.Part III. EarthquakesA. Another earthquake, the fifth in three days, hit Japan last night. Hundreds of homes have now been destroyed or badly damaged, and thousands have been made homeless since the earthquakes started. Many of the homeless have begun to make themselves makeshift shelters from the rubble. Electricity, gas and water supplies have also been seriously disrupted. Experts believe that the country will be hit by more quakes during the next 48 hours.C.I. A. Sunday/ the 23rd B. in southern ItalyII. A. at least 400 B. many more than 400III. A. in small towns and villages outside Naples 1. hospital 2. church 3. private homesB. 1. eight or nine 2. in the streets or squares 3. countryside/ traffic jams 4. telephone lines/ 5. electricity and waterIV. A. 1. the fog 2. the cold weather B. roadrt.Part IV Earthquake TipsDuring an earthquakeA1. Main idea: to remember Tsunami victims2. Time : midday/ 3 minutes of silence/ people stopped/ flags lowered to half staff.3. Purpose: giving people a chance to remember all those who died.4. 1) Sweden/ 700+1200 Germany: +1000B1. large earthquake/ epicenter under water2. no/ most quakes no tsunamis3. depending on distance/ near the earthquake/ immediately / hardest hit area/ two hours away.4. a. water/ seriously withdrawing or coming in for no apparent reasonb. feeling an earthquake / witnessing a landslide at the coast Unit 5 People & Places (I) Part I1. Australia is the world’s largest island and its smallest continent. Its total area of 3,000,000 square miles is about the same as that of the continental United States (excluding Alaska)2. the area of Nepal is about 54,000 square miles. Within its borders are five of the world’s highest peaks.3. Switzerland is a small, landlocked country, 15,944 square miles in area. It’s bordered by France, Austria, and Italy.4. more than 20,000,000 people live in Argentine. About 97 percent are of European stock. Most argentines live on the eastern plains. Fewer than 19% live in the dry western and northwestern provinces.5. Austria is 32,376 square miles in area. This makes it twice the size of neighboring Switzerland. There are about 7,150,000 people living in Austria. More than one third of the people live in or near Vienna, the capital city.6. Colombia is the only country in South America with a coastline on the both sides of the continent. It is a big country with an area of 439,828 square miles and about 16,300,000persons live in Colombia.7. Saudi Arabia’s area is estimated to be about 830,000 square miles. Almost all of Saudi Arabia’s 7,000,000 people are Arabs. Today Saud i Arabia’s vast oil resources are paying for the modernization of the country. Conditions there are changing more rapidly than they have for centuries.8. Denmark proper has an area of only 16,575 square miles. It is the smallest of the Scandinavian countries—Denmark, Finland, Iceland,Norway and Sweden. But Denmark’s population of over 4,600,000 is greater than that of Norway and more than half that of Sweden. Part II CanadaB. outlineI. A. second only/ B. 26 million people C. 1 the Great Lakes 2 the Rocky Mountains 3 the Arctic islandsII. A. 1. 2. overcoat/ a fur hatIII. A. 1. American Indians 2 Germans 3 Italians, / Inuit B. English and FrenchIV. A. seafood B. meat dishes D. the sweet course E. good beer but not good local wines.V. A. most modern shopping centers B. 1 2. woolen 3. wood 4 leather 5 mapleVI. A. the Canadian dollar B. 10 am to 3pm Monday to Thursday, till later on Fridays.Part III Traveling around AustraliaA. Sydney: harbor: take a boat trip in an old sailing ship/ at a backpacker’s hotelThe Sydney Opera House: see concertsThe great Barrier Reef: tropical fish/ glass bottom/ at a resort hotel or at a guesthouseAyers Rock in Ulura National park: go hiking/ see cave paintings/colors /at sunrise and sunsetKakadu National Park: go hiking/ wildlife / waterfalls/ in one of the campsites.B. 1. T 2 F 3 F 4. T 5 F 6. T 7. FStatements:1. When David was in Sydney, he didn’t stay there for night.2. The Great Barrier Reef is in South Queensland in Australia3. From what Nancy says, one can know that she is fond of swimming4. In Uluru national Park, Nancy can see the largest rock in the world.5. If Nancy likes to walk around the base of the rock, she has to walk about five miles.6. Nancy will bring her camera with her when she travels in Australia.7. There are no crocodiles in the tropical forest in Australia.Part IV. The Story of DenverOutlineI. A. 1l6 kilometers/ one mile above the sea levelB. population:C. 1. 300 days of sunshine a year2. about 35 centimetersII. Business and Marketing centerA. more than 1500 manufacturing companies1. Main activity: food processing2. other factories making equipment for the defense, space, high technology and transportation industries.3. gold productionB. the computer and communications industriesC. 1. offering the third highest number/ 2. that do business in other countriesIII. A. History B. Natural History C. North America/ 90,000 E. city park system F. a business area filled with old buildings, gas lights and vehicles pulled by horsesPart V. Do you Know…?ICELAND----- in the Atlantic/ a small population / an island countryBrazil----- a newly-built capital / a pretty large country/ famous for its jungles/ a South American countryNew Zealand----- hotter than Britain / a small population / a mountainous country/ a wet climate/ divided into two islands. Unit6People and Places (II)Part IPart II New ZealandersOutlineI. A. an island country in the South Pacific Ocean B. 2,575,000 II. A. free education for children from ages 3 to 19B. for children between the ages of 7 and 15C. The Government Correspondence School:III. A. one of the highest in the worldB. mainly one-story wooden homesC. meat and butterIV. Recreation B. musical / D. Concerts/ E operaV. A. camping/ fishing C. Rugby football D. soccer/ basketballB. 1. F 2. F 3. T 4. T 5. F 6 FStatements:1. New Zealand is about 1,400 miles from Australia2. More people live on the larger South Island than the North Island in New Zealand3. Most New Zealanders are of British origin.4. Children in New Zealand usually go to school at the age of5.5. Not many New Zealanders have their own cars.6. New Zealanders are fond of drinking a lot of tea.Part III. What do you think of Britain?Weather Food people Way of lifePaul Changeable; depressing;The best word: bleak Boring/ flavor$ taste/ enjoy it Snobbish;/ alive/ on fireCindy Cloudy/ sunshine D ull, / sweets Difficult/ reserved relaxed Usha Changeable/ OK Healthy/ bland Reserved/ friendly Fast Spiro Depressing / long; pleasant All right/ limited Friendly sincere Awful; / tiringB. 1. It must be tasty and full of flavor2. Spring and autumn3. Because the city life is fast4. for seven years5. there is a wider selection of dishes in Greek food.6. Usha is very good at making friends.Part IV Native peoples of AlaskaOutline1. A. 1 sea 2 fish 3 4 reindeerB 1 frame houses 2 hutsC 1 hunting 2. carvingII. A related/ differentB. 1 the sea 2 fishing boats 3 working inIII. Indians A. the interior 1. Canada 2 fishing, trappingB. near the sea 1. 2 means of livelihood: c. loggingPart V. Do you know…?1. T 2 T 3. F 4. F 5. F 6. T 7. FStatements:1. The city of London is quite dirty.2. the speed of life in the countryside is relatively low.3. companies remain in the city despite high rents and office costs.4. the company selling office equipment had no choice but to close down its London office.5. shortly after the company closed down its London office, it went bankrupt.6. more and more fields in the countryside are being used for housing.7. with less land to farm, people now get fewer farming products. Unit7Part I Getting readyA.B. Keys:1: delighted 2: care 3: afraid 4: shy 5: strangers 6: really 7: laugh at 8: seriously9: sympathetic 10: lectures 11: experience 12: think 13: grammar 14: meaning 15: time16: work 17: problems 18: read19: improve 20: somethingPart II Are you a good language leaner?A. Keys:1: instrumental 2: examinations 3: integrative 4: immigration 5: marry 6: confident7: a good ear 8: revision 9: monitor 10: organization 11: teacher 12: classroom 13: 24 hours 14: responsibilityB. Keys:1: eternal 2: solution 3: out-of-classroom 4: in-classroom 5: responsibility6: failed 7: blame 8: blamePart III Foreign accentsA. Keys:1: judge 2: accents 3: snobbish 4: posh 5: foreign6: talk 7: expect 8: BBCB. Keys: 1: strong 2: struggle 3: broken 4: sort 5: tellPart IV More about the topic: How to Enlarge your V ocabulary? Keys: (the red numbers after the statements mean that you should tick Women 1, 2 or 3 in the form)1. learn new words by reading, e.g. newspapers, magazines: 1、32. learn new words from TV, films, etc.: 23. look up new words in a dictionary: 1、24. ask a native speaker of English what a new word means: 25. keep vocabulary cards or a vocabulary notebook: 2、36. try to use new words in conversations or when writing letters: 27. guess the meaning of new words: 38. group words related to one topic: 39. figure out the words from the pronunciation: 210. do crossword puzzles: 1Part V Do you know…?B. Keys: 1: lift, weekend 2: announcer or newsreader, smoking, training3: building 4: parkingUnit8Part I Getting readyA.B. Keys:1 : √2 : 03 : 04 : √5 : 0Part II Home schoolingA. Keys:1: About 300000 2: In reading and math 3: interests, questions 4: outsider,mixing with, well qualified, narrow views 5: time, desireB. Keys:1: snowfall, climate, Alaska, tourism2: spring, stars, telescope, satellites, space3: dinner, atlas, influence, greenhouse, deserts, ice capsPart III UK or US education?A. Keys:1: everything 2: fair idea, want to do 3: competent, narrow, one thing 4: beginning, lose yearsB. Keys:1: depth, general, wide 2: 90% 3: pure, technical, scientific, academic, practical use4: flexible, switch 5: far more, prepared, new skillsPart IV More about the topic: Co-educational or Segregated Schools Keys:1：to equip 2：require 3：shock 4：apart 5：true 6：get to know 7：live together8：compare 9：male 10：female 11：healthy attitude 12：mysterious creatures13：romantic heroes 14：physical 15：emotionalPart V Do you know…?Keys:1 : similar, Britain2 : 1732, life stories3 : 1751, Frenchmen4 : 1768, Scotland5 : 72000, 70006 : 8000, 10007 : 70 to 125 Unit9Part I Getting readyA.B. Keys:1: F 2: T 3: F 4: FC. Keys:1: comedy 2: women 3: scenery 4: One 5: American 6: patriotism 7: European8: 1920s 9: maturity 10: popular 11: 1943 12: plot 13: hit 14: golden age15: all over the world 16: mainstay 17: music of Broadway 18: classicPart II Times SquareA. Keys:1: Because it is the name for the area around where Broadway crosses Forty-Second Street in Manhattan2: In 1904, it got its name in an area which was then called Long Acre Square.3: New York Times newspaper, New Year celebrations, Entertainment, Its huge colorful signsB. Keys:1: seedy, drug dealers, pornography or cheap knock-off,2: be widened, declined, upscale, Times Square clothing and accessoriesPart III What is a pub?A. (Outline) Keys:1: sign 2: name 3: sale of alcoholic drinks 4: 10:30 a.m. - 3:00 p.m. 5: 6 p.m. - 11 p.m.6: Sundays 7: 7 p.m. - 10:30 p.m. 8: accommodationB. Keys:1: That is because they seldom find the word "pub" in the name of a pub. Very often many pubs have names linked to royalty, sports, popular heroes or great occasions.2: The first thing to look for is a large sign either hanging over the street or placed on a pole outside the building.3: "Saloon Bar" is more comfortably furnished.4: That means the pub doesn't buy its drinks from one particular brewery only. It isn't tied to a brewery.C. Keys:1: coaches welcomed by appointment 2: bar food - lunchtimes only 3: pub accommodation 4: facilities for the disabled 5: a pub of historic interestPart IV More about the topic: The Song Yankee DoodleA. Keys:1: Colonists in the northeast part of America2: All Americans 3: American soldiersB. Keys:1: little 2: British 3: British 4: foolish 5: colonists 6: words 7: 1770s 8: soldiers 9: music 10: defeated 11: same 12: representsPart V Do you know…?A. Keys:1：It's Christmas Eve supper.2：There are 12 traditional dishes on the table.3：They just break wafers with each other, wishing each other good luck.4：The children go to the other room, where the big Christmas tree stands. Under the tree there are some Christmas presents.5：They go to church at midnight.B. Keys: 1：c 2：a 3：b 4：b 5：cUnit10Part I Getting readyA.B. Keys:1: July 20. 1969 2: U.S. 3: descended 4: the first person5: step 6: leap7: two-and-a-half hour 8: flag 9: a phone called 10: feat11: heavens 12. world 13: moment 14: people 15: pride16: astronauts 17: module 18. legacy19: demonstration 20: chained 21: further 22: unlimitedPart II Standing on the moonA. Keys:1: the fifth person 2: nine hours and twenty-three minutes3: gather and photograph 4:peacefull, insignificantB. Keys:1: F 2: F 3: F 4: TPart III Grand projects of the ageA. Keys: 4, 2, 5, 3, 1, 6B. Keys:1: 1931, 102-floor high, 42 years, its limestone majesty2: 2009, $24 billion, electrity3: $330 billion, (still counting), 4300 miles, (still counting), automobile society, jobs, trade4: 1994, 24 miles, England, the Continent5: 1914, $380 million, 7800 milesPart IV More about the topic: World Wars (I& II)Missing…Part V Do you know…?Keys: 1: T 2: F 3: F 4: F 5: T 6: FUnit11Part I Getting readyA.B. Keys:1: Tuesday, March 1st 2: Arts 3: Sciences 4: industry 5: technicians 6: 30 7: recognize 8: create 9: vote 10: 70 11: Album 12: gold 13: players 14: short 15: nominated 16: six 17: Pop Male 18: country singer19: The Hard WayPart II Karen Kain—a Canadian ballerinaA. Keys:1: In her hometown.2: When she was eleven years old.3: She also got academic training.4: When she was eighteen years old.5: He is an actor.6: For six weeks.7: For another ten years at the most.8: She will be playing Cinderella in an English pantomime.B. Keys:1: c 2: d 3: d 4: a 5: d 6: cPart III “The Scream”A. Keys:1: powerful 2: black 3: white 4: bridge 5: screaming6: at the end 7: loneliness 8: sadnness 9: hideB. Keys:1: For painting the bridge or the street2: For painting a field or a wall3: They somehow depress the picture4: For painting clouds5: They add to the depression of the screamerPart IV More about the topic: The Oscar Award and OthersKeys:I. 1: Oscar 2: motion pictures 3: Academy 4: 1929 5: ten6: gold 7: the statuette 8: librarian 9: director 10: first cousinII. 1: the theater 2: Theater Wing 3: 1947 4: actress-director 5: nicknameIII. 1: mystery writing 2: Mystery Writers 3: miniature 4: father 5: detectiveIV. 1: Science Fiction Convention 2: science fiction 3: silver4: rocket ships 5: founder 6: Amazing StoriesPart V Do you know…?Keys:1: T 2: F 3: F 4: F 5: T 呵呵....祝你考试顺利！加油！。

Listen this way 听力教程第三册-9Unit 9 Romancing the StonePart I Getting readyA museum is an institution that cares for a collection of artifacts and other objects of scientific, artistic, cultural, or historical importance and makes them available for public viewing through exhibits that may be permanent or temporary. Most large museums are located in major cities throughout the world and more local ones exist in smaller cities, towns and even the countryside. The city with the largest number of museums is Mexico City with over 128 museums. According to the World Museum Community, there are more than 55,000 museums in 202 countries.Audioscript ：1.The LouvreParis is an ancient city,w itness to revolution, celebration and war. At its center stands the Louvre, once ar oyal palace and now one ofListen this way 听力教程第三册-9the world's greatest museums. The Louvreis home to the mostfamous painting in human history -- The Mona Lisa. Her enigmatic smile is said to conceal many secrets.2.The Vatican MuseumIn the middle of Rome stands the Vatican, thee picenter of Catholicism . It is both a fortified city and a place the Pope calls home. (Gracias. Gracias.) It alsoh ouses one of the most famous museums in the world, full of timeless treasures, each one with a story to tell. Of all of these none are more famous than the Sistine Chapel. All who enter here gaze up at thelu minous frescos of Michelangelo.3.Toronto's Royal Ontario MuseumIt's an eye-popping Canadian landmark, a nationatlr easure chest and a place of mystery. This is the Royal Ontario Museum in Toronto, the ROM. For every object on display , thousands more are hidden in backrooms far from public view . Enter the hall of Ancient Egypt, and the hair stand up on the back of your neck. You feel a presence of the ghosts. How did they live and how did they die? If only the mummies could speak.4.Cairo's Egyptian MuseumEgypt, here the towering monuments of the Pharaohs stand silent amid the roar of a modern city . Cairo is the largestm etropolis in Africa, home to more than 20 million people. But at its center is arefugee from urban chaos . This is the museum of Egyptian antiquities , the treasure chest of Asian civilization and one of the most spectacular museums in the world. Visitorsf lock here by the millions to gaze into the eyes of long dead Pharaohs and marvel at their dazzling sarcophagi of silver and gold.5.London's Natural History MuseumThe Natural History Museum in London, England, it's a cathedral of nature housing over 70 million specimens . During the day, thousands of visitors tour the galleries. But at night, when they've all gone home, this place seems toc ome alive with unforgettable stories about where we came from and where we are going. The galleries and dark passage ways invite those who dare to venture behind the scenes. Take a closer look and discover secrets that are disturbing and sometimes brutal.Part II "The Scream"Painting is a fascinating subject. Every time when you visit a museum, you will find something new even in the same painting.While looking at a painting, you can enjoy it for its beauty alone. Its lines, forms, colors, and composition may appeal to your senses and linger in your memory. Apart from that, you can also try to figure outwhat the painting describes. Does it describe the artist's impression of a scene or a person? Or does it describe the artist's feeling about the art of painting itself?Audioscript ：Speaker 1: This picture is "The Scream" by Edvard Munch, and it's a very powerful picture, it's in black and white as, as you see it here. And um I think it's particularly powerful because mainly because of that figure who um, who is, who seems to be running off this bridge here holding his or her head in her hands and screaming. And um, what's very interesting about the picture are the two, the two figures at the end of the bridge or further up this road. And it's difficult to understand whether the person is running from them or whether they're just er innocent bystanders.Um, so the reason I, I like this picture, the reason I find it powerful is because I think that the person is not actually running from the two dark figures at the end of the bridge, but in fact the person is suffering er perhaps some kind of terrible loneliness or sadness, and is, actually seems to be trying to hide that feeling from those people.And I think this is a common feeling, I think this is something which we all do sometimes when, when we feel some feeling, usually a bad feeling, something like loneliness or terrible unhappiness, we don'twant other people to see that, and er so we, we have to try and hide that feeling from, from other members of the, of the public. And I feel that's what this man or woman is doing in the picture here. Audioscript ：Speaker 2: As a design, the picture's very strong as well. The, the bridge or the street is a very strong diagonal line which goes through the, the picture. And then to the, to the right of the screamer's head there's a series of dark vertical lines -- it's difficult to know what that is, perhaps it's a field or maybe it could be a wall, it's difficult to know exactly what it is, but those dark vertical lines somehow depress the picture, which is exactly what the artist wanted. And then at the, at the top, you have the sky, which the artist has, has er made in the form perhaps of clouds, which are very strong horizontal lines, very, very bold black lines which again seem to push the whole picture down, and add to the depression of the, the experience which the, the screamer is er, is feeling.Part III Taj MahalThe Taj Mahal is a white marble mausoleum located in Agra, Uttar Pradesh, India. It was built by Mogul emperor Shah Jahan in memory of his third wife, Mumtaz Mahal. The Taj Mahal is widely recognizedas the jewel of Muslim art in India and one of the universally admired masterpieces of the world's heritage.Audioscript ：There's no building more romantic or more tragic than the Taj Mahal. On June the 17th, 1631, Mumtaz Mahal, the wife of the Mogul Emperor, Shah Jahan, died while giving birth to her fourteenth child. So, in response to the death of his wife, Shah Jahan created one of the most famous buildings in the world, the Taj Mahal, a vision of perfection, of paradise on Earth. The emotional power of the Taj Mahal comes not just from its ruthless symmetry and its dazzling white material, but also from the purity and simplicity really of its forms. In line with Islamic thinking, it is not loaded with images of living beings, banned in the Koran, but by simple abstract decoration, lettering. In this sense very much less ornamentation gives more emotional power.As you approach nearer, the Taj Mahal, its scale, its craftsmanship become almost overwhelming. It took twenty thousand people twenty years to complete this great structure and its white marble is inlaid with twenty-eight different sorts of precious and semi-precious stones. But, this isn't a palace or a mosque. It's a mausoleum. It's a monument to grief. At this level and so near, I can see just howexquisite and subtle the Taj Mahal is. The inlay is amazing, like a jewel box. And the white marble is carved and the surface is mottled in architectural detail. It was a great surprise, being inside the Taj Mahal is like being inside a living being. It moans and it groans. There's no question about it, as a monument to grief and to heartbreak and the expression of agony and pain that lost all that was precious in this world and longing for the next, the Taj Mahal has no equal. It's unsurpassed.Audioscript ：The twist to the story of the Taj Mahal is in the nearby Red Fort where the final tragic episode of Shah Jahan's life was played out. It's here that the myth of the Taj was born, where it enters the world of legend. Shah Jahan, the great emperor, became ill. He suffered a stroke and this provoked a ruthless, vicious struggle for power among his four sons. They fought, they battled and Aurangzeb, the most skilful, the most vicious I suppose of the four sons, prevailed. He killed his three brothers in battle and by treachery and when he had his father, Shah Jahan in his power, he imprisoned him here in the Fort. So for Shah Jahan his great empire had been reduced to the area of this courtyard, and he would stand where I am standing now, contemplating the view, looking at the great mausoleum over there. This is a spectacularview, but it could have been more spectacular still. It is said that Shah Jahan, if he hadn't lost control of his empire, would have built himself a mausoleum opposite that of his wife, and his one would have been clad in black marble, to match the white marble of the Taj Mahal. The story of the black Taj is an invention of the 18th century, but one that reflects, reinforces the fantasy surrounding a building dedicated to love and to what could have been.Part IV More about the topic: British Sculptures Now and Then Sculpture has changed more radically in the past 100 years than in the preceding 30 000. British sculptors have led the way thanks to their restless originality. Today British sculpture is a hugely expressive medium with almost limitless possibilities.Sometimes that sheer variety can be a bit bewildering but in British sculpture's long history, this may turn out to be the greatest chapter yet.Audioscript ：Welcome to the British Museum, London, home to ancient art, and the unlikely birthplace of modern sculpture. Throughout the 19th century, British sculptors came here to study the famous ancientGreek marbles that once adorned the Parthenon in Athens. They went on show at the British Museum at the start of 1817 and were soon considered the epitome of what sculpture could and should be. Classical, heroic forms, they're naturalistic, harmoniously proportioned, completely devoid of distortion. They offer a vision of a highly sophisticated society -- the bedrock, if you like, of Western civilization.But at the beginning of the 20th century, a group of bohemian, bold, renegade young sculptors began to look elsewhere in the museum for inspiration. The hieratic art of Ancient Egypt, carved direct into stone. The carving of the Pacific, free of classical proportions. The reliefs of ancient Assyria, so different from the Parthenon. And the sculpture of Central America -- full of sex and death. Early in the 20th century, non-European works like these kick-started a revolution in British sculpture.Since then, in the search for new forms of self-expression, British sculptors have broken all the old rules. There's been controversy as their vision has clashed with convention.TV news: The sculptor of a house who won this year's Turner Art Prize has watched her work being demolished.There's been conservatism, whimsy, mass-production. But in a goldenage of creativity, our artists have often led the way -- making British sculpture part of a new, international language. Instead of gods or heroes, they project their own inner world, leaving us to decide what their sculptures mean. They've pushed the boundaries so far, we're no longer even sure what sculpture is.It's been a story of revolution and liberation of the sculptor free to soar unfettered into the realm of the imagination, to the point where the concept behind the work, not the skill of its execution, has become king. Today, the sculptor isn't someone chipping away at a block of marble, but a kind of sage who can spot beauty and meaning in the world around us, and bring it to our attention in the gallery.Part V Do you know ...?Most of us like to hang beautiful things on our walls. They're statements of our personal taste or reflections of the things we love. But few of us can afford to go to swanky Mayfair galleries or posh auction houses to buy art. 1.5 million quid for a slice of abstract expressionism is a bit beyond most pockets in these recessionary times. In fact, half of Britain's living rooms have art on the walls which has been bought on the high street from stores like Ikea, Habitat, B&Q or Argos.Audioscript ：Aside：Nowadays, art is all around us. It's in the streets, and it's part of the modern landscape. In the past few years, we'vebuilt great temples to art up and down the country, whetherit's the Baltic in Gateshead or the Tate Modern in London.Art galleries have become people-friendly places drawinghuge crowds. Modern art is now something we can allparticipate in. It's fashionable, it's cool. Its artists arewhat sort of art do we want in our living rooms? Hostess：I'm going to venture into the domestic art galleries we all inhabit. It's a world where individuality meets mass marketand personal taste is more important than art history. Man 1 ：Yeah, I don't know anything about the history of these ...these pictures, but I just like the colors. Colors repre ...They're superb for what we wanted. WoMan 1 ：Natural landscapes I really like, so stormy seas and skies with wintry trees, just the skeletons, but I think they're moreeffective in black and white. Girl: It's the ... The sky's like in anice color, and the sea is very beautiful.Man 2 ：I like mountains. I'm a mountain guy, so I like pictures with mountains on it. WoMan 2 ：I don't like Pollock, because it just seems a bit messy, but I do like that wild flinging, painter to canvas.Aside ：If you want to buy art for your home, you could start at the top. This is London's Mayfair, where you can spend squillionson an original work of art. Down the road at Tate Modern,things are a little bit more user-friendly. There's fun to behad for all the family. And in the shop, there's a vendingmachine where you can order your own personalmasterpiece to take home. The mass reproduction of art isnow big business, and one of the biggest players in town isthe Art Group, which supplies art galleries, shops andsuperstores around the world from its factory inNorthampton. The Art Group started off with just a singlestall on Camden Market 25 years ago. Its slogan was, "Art forall." Now it runs a 24-hour production line and is amultimillion-pound business employing 300 people.Hostess：So when people think of art, they think of these perfect white spaces, silent, contemplative, and here you've got thethunder of machinery, the vaulted warehouse ... DarrenBooker (Operation Director): Absolutely.Hostess：I like it, actually.Darren ：This is ... This is art on a big scale. It doesn't matter if you make ten a day or 10 000 a week. It still has to be perfect.Hostess：Amazing how recognizable all these images are. I don't have any, I don't own any, but they've sort of seeped into myconsciousness from, you know, trips to Ikea or Habitat orArgos or wherever. So what's the effect of the price of thissort of art coming down?Darren ：I think the real effect is that it's now in ... in more reach of everyone. People are now able to afford this, and in manyways it now becomes a disposable piece of artwork. Art'sbecoming more fashionable, and people will tend to decoratemore frequently, change their art more frequently, which isall so great for us.Hostess：Because they can.Hostess：I can see Klimt hanging on the wall. Is this a big ... is Klimt a big guy for you?Darren ：Yeah, he's a very successful artist, very well known, a good seller.Hostess：Do you think Klimt would have ever thought, as he anguished over that picture, that years later people in afactory would be nailgunning it to a piece of MDF? It's art aslifestyle, I guess.Part VII Watch and enjoyThe Sistine Chapel is a large and renowned chapel of the Apostolic Palace, the official residence of the Pope in the VaticanCity. The fame of the Sistine Chapel lies mainly in the frescos that decorate the interior, and most particularly the Sistine Chapel ceiling and The Last Judgment by Michelangelo. The fame of Michelangelo's paintings has drawn multitudes of visitors to the chapel, ever since they were revealed five hundred years agoVideoscript ：In the middle of Rome stands the Vatican, the epicenter of Catholicism. It is both a fortified city and a place the Pope calls home. (Gracias. Gracias.) It also houses one of the most famous museums in the world, full of timeless treasures, each one with a story to tell. Of all of these none are more famous than the Sistine Chapel.All who enter here gaze up at the luminous frescos of Michelangelo. What few people know is that his masterpiece was an afterthought. When the chapel was constructed the walls were filled with monumental murals. But the ceiling was just decorated with a simple field of stars. Thirty years later Pope Julius II decided it needed a new paint job. When he gave the task to Michelangelo, he took a leap of faith because the artist was not then a famous painter, but an upcoming sculptor of the human form. His transformation of the ceiling, an area the size of two basketball courts, would becompleted in just four years. How did a brilliant but inexperienced painter complete the ceiling of the Sistine Chapel in such a short time? Five hundred years later when Vatican's staff embarked on the restoration project, they got the chance to uncover this museum secret.The restoration team spent nine years up onto the ceiling in the 1980s. It took them twice as long to clean the ceiling as it did Michelangelo to paint it.The largest figures on the ceiling are nearly 20 feet across. Michelangelo did not attempt to paint them freehand. Each figure started as a sketch or cartoon, followed by a procedure that art experts like William Wallace refer to as pouncing.Wallace: Pouncing is the means of transferring the cartoon to the plaster, so the cartoon is actually being pricked with little tiny holes and charcoal dust in a bag is actually pounced or pounded onto the cartoon. Okay. We see the head beautifully pounced and the hand beautifully pounced.But pouncing was a slow process and Michelangelo was under pressure for an aging Pope who wanted to see the ceiling completed before he died. So Michelangelo exchanged the charcoal for a blade, allowing him to quickly incise the lines of the sketch directly onto theplaster.On a scaffold 18 hours a day, seven days a week, constantly craning his neck up, paint dripping into his eyes, no one can say Michelangelo didn't suffer for art. In the fourth year of his labor, he even described it in a poem:"With my neck puffed out like a pigeon,Belly hanging like an empty sack,Beard pointed at the ceiling and,My brain fallen back within my head."Michelangelo kept going because he was tough and determined, but that doesn't explain how he could work on a scaffold just a few feet from the ceiling and yet paint figures in perfect perspective when seeing from far below. The answer may be because he started his career as a sculptor.Elizabeth (Art historian): When Michelangelo imagines a figure moving, it's moving inwards, outwards and space, and therefore creates this wonderful perspective. People ask all the time, "Is that real? Is the architecture real? Are they sticking out the ceiling? Are they 3D?"If one removes the frescos from the ceiling, Michelangelo's mastery of perspective becomes even more impressive. He works magic with his paints, creating lifelike 3 D figures even when the background tilts the wrong way.Elizabeth (Art historian): Jonah was painted on a piece of plaster that tilts towards us, and yet looking at the figure Jonah appears to tilt backwards. It was something that he knew would fly in the face of all the people that criticized him at the beginning of the assignment say, "Oh, but Michelangelo doesn't know anything about painting." Michelangelo denies the laws of physics through his painting. It's the same kind of special effect that people marvel at in something like Avatar.So how did Michelangelo complete his masterpiece in just 4 years? Determination, physical endurance and 3D virtualosity are only part of the answer. The rest is surely quite simply, genius.Every morning when the gates open, thousands of visitors head straight to the Sistine Chapel. To stand for a moment in a place that combines the power of god and the genius of man.。

Listen this way 听力教程第三册-5Unit 5 Meet People from around theWorldPart I Getting ready Audioscript:Presenter：Today Selina Kahn is in the arrival area at Gatwick Airport checking out today's topic -- nationalstereotypes. Selina ...Selinar： Thanks, John. I have with me Eric, who's just flown in with Virgin Atlantic from the USA.Eric： That's right. I've just come back from New York. Selinar： Is it as dangerous as they say?Eric： No, New York isn't dangerous, no more than any other big city, especially if you're careful and don'tadvertise the fact that you're a tourist.Selinar： And is it true what they say about New Yorkers, that they're rude, and that they only care about themselves?Eric： Well, I found the people were very friendly. However, they do have a reputation for not caring about otherpeople. I think the reason for this is that life in NewYork is incredibly stressful. People just don't havethe time to think about anybody else. It isn't that theydon't care.Selinar： Is there anything else you noticed about New Yorkers? Eric： Two things I had heard about before I went to New York did seem to be true, though. First is that they arealways talking about money and how much things cost.Secondly, it's that people eat all the time as they goabout their daily lives, you know they "graze on thehoof" as they walk about the streets.Selinar： Thanks Eric, and now I have with me, Sue, who's been to the south of France ...Part II New Icelanders Audioscript:New Zealand is an island country in the South Pacific Ocean about 1 200 miles southeast of Australia. It has about 2 575 000 people. Two thirds live on the North Islands, and one thirdon the larger South Island. Most of them are of British descent. Almost everyone in New Zealand knows how to read and write. The government provides free education for children from ages3 to 19. Education is compulsory for children between the ages of 7 and 15, but most enter school by the age of 5. Young children who live far from schools belong to the Government Correspondence School and listen to daily school broadcasts on the radio.New Zealanders enjoy one of the highest standards of livingin the world. There are no people of great wealth, but povertyis practically unknown. The majority of families live inone-story wooden homes. Most families have an automobile, and many have modern home appliances. Because the country is a major producer of sheep and dairy products, meat and butter form a larger share of the diet than is common in other countries. The people are among the world's greatest tea drinkers.Many of the books, magazines, and movies in New Zealand come from the United Kingdom or the United States. But the number of books published in the country is growing rapidly. Musical and theatrical groups come from Europe and North America to perform. The larger cities have radio and television stations.The National Symphony Orchestra gives concerts throughout the country, and there are also opera and ballet companies. New Zealanders enjoy the outdoors, and people of all ages take part in sports. Favorite holiday activities are camping, boating, hunting and fishing. Horse racing draws large crowds to racetracks. Rugby football is a national game. Other team sports are soccer, cricket, basketball, and field hockey. Statements：1. New Zealand is about 1 400 miles from Australia.2. More people live on the larger South Island than the North Island in New Zealand.3. Most New Zealanders are of British origin.4. Children in New Zealand usually go to school at the age of5.5. Not many New Zealanders have their own cars.6. New Zealanders are fond of drinking a lot of tea.Part III What do you think ofBritain？Audioscript: ?Paul comes from Jamaica.Interviewer： What do you think of English food?Paul： English food -- right now, I can enjoy it, but when I first came up from the West Indies, I found it ratherdistasteful, rather boring, no flavor, no taste. Interviewer： What do you think of the English weather? Paul： The English weather -- I do not think there are enough adjectives to describe (it) -- miserable, cold, damp,changeable, depressing. I think bleak is the best word. Interviewer： Now what do you think about English people and their way of life?Paul： The older generation of English people are really snobbish -- the snob-nosed English. But the youth ofEngland today -- they're really alive, you know,they're more vibrant, on fire, alive. They are muchmore free than their parents, crazy! Cindy comes fromLos Angeles.Interviewer： What do you think of the English weather? Cindy： Well, it's rather cloudy and depressing. I get tired of all these "sunny intervals." There's not enoughsunshine. Other than that, it's all right. It's not toocold, nor too warm.Interviewer： And have you had much opportunity to eat English food?Cindy： Yes, I avoid it, because it's dull. I think it's dull.And I think the English eat a lot of sweets and greasyfood like chips.Interviewer： And what about the English way of life? What do you think of that?Cindy： Well, it's certainly more relaxed, but I think that the English people are -- tend to be -- difficult toget to know. They're reserved. The cities are safer andI also think they're much cleaner than the Americancities, which makes it much more pleasant to live there.Usha comes from Madras, in India.Interviewer： Would you like to tell me what you think of the English weather? Usha： Well, the English weather isvery changeable, but it's OK. Well, I like spring andautumn best. I think they are the loveliest time of theyear.Interviewer： And what about English food? What do you think of that?Usha：Well, English food is healthy. But I wouldn't liketo have it every day. It's rather ... I wouldn't saydull -- but too bland for my taste.Interviewer： And what about English people? How have you found them? Usha： Well, in the beginning, they are ratherreserved, but once you get to know them, they are veryfriendly, and I've got many English friends now inEngland.Interviewer： And how have you found the English way of life?Usha：Well, city life is fast of course everywhere, butI like the countryside very much. I like it very much,yes. Spiro comes from Salonika, in Greece. Interviewer： You've lived in England for about seven years.What do you think of English weather?Spiro：Well, I think the English winter is very depressing at times, especially when it drizzles all the time, andalso the other thing that makes it depressing is thelong nights. It gets dark very early and you wake upand it's pitch black again, and so you go to work andit's very dark and you come home and it's dark again.But in the summer, I think, when the sun's shining, it'svery pleasant indeed, with green parks, trees, verypleasant.Interviewer： And what about English food? What do you think of that?Spiro：Well, I think it's ... English food is all right, but there's a very limited selection of dishes. It's mostlyroast and -- offhand -- there's only about fivetypically English dishes I can think of, whereascompare that to Greek food, there's an enormousselection of dishes one could cook. Interviewer：Andwhat do you think of the English people?Spiro： I find them very reserved, but it seems that when you get to know them, they're quite friendly and sincere.But it usually takes some time to actually open anEnglish person up -- if you like.Interviewer： And what do you think of the English way of life?Spiro： Pretty awful, actually. It's the speed of life really that I find rather tiring.Part IV More about the topic: Native People of AlaskaAudioscript:When the Russian discovered Alaska in 1741, they found it occupied by three groups of native peoples -- Eskimos, Aleuts, and Indians. Descendants of these natives still live in Alaska.Most scientists think that the native peoples migrated originally from Asia to North America, not all at once but in wave after wave over thousands of years. Probably the last to enter Alaska were the ancestors of the northern Eskimos.Eskimos Of the different groups of native peoples, the Eskimos are the most numerous. From earliest times the Eskimos depended upon sea mammals, fish, and caribou for their living. In the 1890's reindeer were brought from Siberia to start herds as an additional means of livelihood.Many Eskimos now live in frame houses heated by fuel oil, but they once lived in sod and driftwood huts heated byseal-oil lamps. They did not build snow ig100s, as some of the Canadian Eskimos still do, except for emergency shelter.The Eskimos are superb hunters. They are an energetic people who have long been known for their ivory carving and other arts and crafts. Their way of life is changing as they find opportunities for schooling and for employment in trades and professions.Aleuts The Aleutian Islands and the Alaska Peninsula are the homelands of the Aleuts. The Aleut language is related to the language of the Eskimos, and yet it is very different. Like the Eskimos, the Aleuts have always depended on the sea for food and other needs. Some of the present-day Aleuts operate fishing boats. Others work in fish canneries. Many Aleuts have Russian names, which go back to the time of the Russian occupation of Alaska.Indians There are two major groups of Indians -- the Indians of the Interior Plateau and the Indians of Southeastern Alaska.The Indians who live in the interior came to Alaska from Canada. Originally they were hunters. Some of them still live by hunting, fishing, and trapping. Others have moved to towns, where they live and work as do other present-day Alaskans.The Indians of Southeastern Alaska are sometimes known as the maritime Indians, or Indians who live near the sea. Theyhave been in Alaska for hundreds of years. Carving and basket making are among the crafts of the maritime Indians. They are known for their totem poles. From earliest times they depended on fish, especially salmon, for their living. Today they are efficient business people who operate commercial fishing boats and canneries. They also follow other occupations such as logging, shopkeeping, and working in government offices.Part V Do you know ...? Audioscript:Dan Cruickshank：I'm at Cuiaba in the western Brazil -- and I'm about to fly, go by car, and by boat, around 750kilometres into the Amazon rainforest to find my livingtreasure. My treasure's not an ancient artifact, butsomething very special that continues to be created andused by people deep in the rainforest.After several hours, we cross the threshold into whatremains of the rainforest. It's been fenced off and isnow protected by the Brazilian government. I head downthe Warema River, a tributary of the Amazon, towardsmy treasure. It's an unbelievably beautiful work of art,created by a tribe called the Igbatsa (Rikbaktsa).Excellent reception committee. Wonder who I approach. Hello.That is what I've come to see -- the headdress. My most colourful of treasures is a symbol of the Amazon and an object of immense importance to these people. Here we go.Oh my god. Wow. I expected one, maybe two, umahara, but a whole hut full. Beautiful objects, beautifully made, but more to the point, they're full of meaning to these people. They celebrate their culture, their aspirations, their religion. And made from human hair, parrot feathers. Ah, absolutely wonderful. The umahara headdress is worn with great pride by the Igbatsa (Rikbaktsa) people. It's the emblem of an endangered culture. It once played a key role in war ceremonies and is still used in dance rituals. This dance takes place every day for 90 days after the first of June. It's a celebration of birth and all things new. During the dance wives have the right to ask favours of their husbands, who are obliged to grant them.After the dance, I talk to members of the tribe about the headdress and how it's made.Can I ask what it -- what it means to them today, theumahara headdress?Interpreter：He says the umahara represents a great richness in their own culture. And for their future. For theirfuture, they shouldn't stop creating it and using itfor their own use.Dan Cruickshank： Represents their sense of identity really. Interpreter：It represents the identity of the Igbatsa (Rikbaktsa) people.Dan Cruickshank： So we've got feathers from parrots and -- and female hair. That -- that is correct, is it...really? On -- onto --Interpreter： This is from the -- a Marella clan.Dan Cruickshank： Yes, there is the hair.It's all rather perplexing. To preserve theirtraditions, the Igbatsa (Rikbaktsa) have to make theumahara headdresses. Yet in so doing, they must killprotected bird species for their feathers. While thefaces and bodies of the men and women are brightlypainted in the traditional way, they sport natty shorts and bikini tops. Bit by bit, the Igbatsa (Rikbaktsa) are being drawn into the modern world, whether they like it or not. As evening approaches, preparations are being made for supper. A rather tasty feast awaits me. This all brings back very deep memories. The family halls scattered round about the compound, the main hall where the communal ceremonies take place -- the people gathered round the fire at night eating. The fields round about. It's like an Anglo-Saxon village in England a couple of hundred years ago. It's like meeting one's ancestors coming back here. Statements:1. The Igbatsa (Rikbaktsa) people live in Brazil.2. The headdress is made from parrot feathers and male hair.3. The headdress is now used in dance rituals to celebrate birth and all things new.4. The dance takes place every day in June.5. During the dance, husbands cannot refuse favors asked by their wives.6. The Igbatsa (Rikbaktsa) people do not like themodern way of life.Part VII Watch and enjoy Videoscript:Narrator：It looks like a paradise, but it is in fact the most treacherous desert in the world：the Kalahari. After the short rainy season, there are many water holes, and even rivers. But after a few weeks, the water sinks away into the deep Kalahari sand. The water holes dry up, and the rivers stop flowing. The grass fades to a beautiful blond color that offers excellent grazing for the animals. But for the next nine months, there'll be no water to drink. So most of the animals move away, leaving the beautiful blond grass uneaten. Humans avoid the deep Kalahri like the plague because man must have water to live. So the beautiful landscapes are devoid of people, except for the little people of the Kalahari. Pretty, dainty, small and graceful, the Bushmen. Where any other person would die of thirst in a few days, they live quite contentedly in this desert that doesn't look like a desert. They know where to dig for roots and bulbs and tubers and which berries and pods are good to eat. And of course they know what to do about water.For instance, in the early morning, you can collect dewdrops from leaves that were carefully laid out the previous evening. Or a plume of grass can be a reservoir. And if you have the know-how, an insignificant clump of twigs can tell you where to dig, then you come to light with an enormous tuber. You scrape shavings off it with a stick that is split for a sharp edge. You take a handful of the shavings, point your thumb at your mouth and squeeze. They must be the most contented people in the world. They have no crime, no punishment, no violence, no laws, no police, judges, rulers or bosses. They believe that the gods put only good and useful things on the earth for them to use. In this world of theirs, nothing is bad or evil. Even a poisonous snake is not bad. You just have to keep away from the sharp end. Actually, a snake is very good. In fact, it's delicious and the skin makes a fine pouch. They live in the vastness of the Kalahari in small family groups.One family of Bushmen might meet up with another family once in a few years. But for the most part, they live in complete isolation, quite unaware that there are other people in the world. In the deep Kalahari, there are Bushmen who have never seen or heard of civilized man. Sometimes they hear a thundering sound when there are no clouds in the sky, and theyassume that the gods have eaten too much again and their rummies are rumbling up there. Sometimes they can even see the evidence of the gods' flatulence. Their language has an idiosyncrasy of its own. It seems to consist mainly of clicking sounds. They are very gentle people. They'll never punish a child or even speak harshly to it. So of course their kids are extremely well-behaved. And their games are cute and inventive. When the family needs meat, the hunter dips his tiny arrow in a brew that acts as a tranquilizer. So when he shoots a buck, it only feels a sting and the arrow drops out. The buck runs away, but soon it gets very drowsy and it stops running. After a while, it goes to sleep. And the hunter apologizes to his prey. He explains that his family needs the meat. The one characteristic which really makes the Bushmen different from all the other races on earth is the fact that they have no sense of ownership at all. Where they live, there's really nothing you can own. Only trees and grass and animals. In fact these Bushmen have never seen a stone or a rock in their lives. The hardest things they know are wood and bone. They live in a gentle world, where nothing is as hard as rock, or steel or concrete.。

Listen this way听力教程第三册-8Unit 8 The Sound of MusicPart I Getting readyA quiz game show is a type of radio or television programming genre in which contestants, television personalities or celebrities, sometimes as part of a team, play a game which involves answering questions or solving puzzles usually for money and/or prizes.A The following words will appear in this unit. Listen carefully and study the definitions.1. panel：a group of specialists who give their advice or opinion about something2. contender：a person who takes part in a competition or tries to win something3. nomination：the act of suggesting or choosing somebody as a candidate in an election, or for a job or an award4. cinematography：the art or process of making films5. score：the music written for a film/movie or play6. audition：take part in a practical test for performing applicants7. choreography：the arranging or inventing of dances, especially ballet8. pantomime：traditional Christmas musical show for children9. scherzo：a short, lively piece of music, that is often part ofa longer piece10. lyrics：the words of a songListen to the following radio quiz game. Who are those people on the panel? Supply the missing information.Now listen again. Put a mark beside each question. Put a tick if it is true. If it is false, put a cross. Finally write down who that person is.Audioscript::A - Announcer M - MaxineQ - Quizmaster L - LauraT-Tim D-David Radio Bristol. Ladies and gentlemen, it's time for "Alive or Dead?" our exciting quiz game about famous people alive or dead. Before I tell you the rules, let's meet our panel for tonight. From right to left we have that famous sportsman and racing driver, Tim Brown. T:. Evening everyone. Next to Tim, is that lovely star of the American cinema, who is now here in Bristol at the Opera House, Maxine Morgan. Hi there! Next we have novelist, David Walker. Good evening. And last but not least, composer and singer, Laura Dennison. Hello. So let's get with the game. I have the name of a famous person -- alive or dead -- in this envelope. The panel will try to guess who it is. But they can only ask questions which have a "yes" or "no" answer. Are we ready? Well, yes. Are you alive? No, I'm not. Now Maxine, let's have your question. You're not alive. So you are a famous person who is dead. Oh, I know. Are you a person in a book -- a fictional character -- somebody who isn't real? No, I'm not fictional. David, can we have your question? So you're a real, dead person? That's right, I am. Good, now we want to know where you come from. Are you British? No, I'mnot British. Are you from Europe? No, I'm not. T: Are you Australian? No, Tim, I'm not. I'm not Australian. Oh, then I know, you're American. You're a real American person, but you're dead. Now let me think. Ah, yes, are you a writer of any sort? No, I'm not. Are you anything to do with peace, you know someone like Martin Luther King? A good guess, Laura, but I'm nothing to do with peace. Well, that's a difficult one, really. I think the answer is half "Yes" and half "No". No, I'll say "No". T: Mm, funny, half "Yes", half "No", but finally "No". Well, well, are you famous as an entertainer of any sort, you know a film star, or pop singer, or an actor, you know what I mean? Ask one question at a time, Tim, please. The answer to your question is "No". I've got it, I've got the answer. I know, I'm right. Careful now, Maxine. Say the wrong answer and I win the game. Are you sure you know who I am? Yes, you're dead, you're famous, you're American, you are sort of famous for peace work. You're not an entertainer -- you're not an American film star. I don't think you were famous as a soldier. I think you were a politician, I think you died in 1963.1 think you were married to a very beautiful woman (I)think you are very close, Maxine. I think you are almost there.I think you once went to Berlin. I think you are President JohnKennedy, President of the United States of America. And congratulations to you and the panel, Maxine. Yes, you are right, the name of the famous person in my envelope is President Kennedy, born in 1917 and died in 1963, on November 22nd to be exact. Now for my next famous person ...Part II Slumdog MillionaireSlumdog Millionaire is a 2000 British drama film. Set and filmed in India, the film tells the story of Jamal Malik, a young man from the Juhu slums of Mumbai who appears on the Indian version of Who Wants to Be a Millionaire? and exceeds people's expectations, thereby arousing the suspicions of cheating. It was widely acclaimed, being praised for its plot, soundtrack and directing. It was nominated for 10 Academy Awards in 2009, winning eight, including Best Picture, Best Director, and Best Adapted Screenplay.A Listen to the first news report broadcasted when Slumdog Millionaire won 10 Academy Awardnominations. Note down the key words in the notes column. Then complete the storyline of the movie.Audioscript:One of the strongest contenders for the Best Picture Oscar this year is Slumdog Millionaire.Set in Mumbai, India, it is a story about destiny. Jamal Malik, a young man from the slums, becomes a contestant on the Indian reality show Who Wants to Be a Millionaire? Based on its American equivalent, the Indian show offers 20 million rupees ($400 000) to the winner.Few expected this independent production directed by filmmaker Danny Boyle to make it to the Oscars. But Slumdog is no longer an underdog. It has won viewers' hearts and gained critical acclaim. With ten Academy Award nominations, it is a serious Oscar contender. (Movie) Host: Jamal Malik, you 're absolutely right!Jamal Malik is not knowledgeable. He just happens to know the answers to the specific questions he's been asked. Each question is somehow related to an event that has defined his life.With their mother dead, Jamal and his brother Salim begin to steal, trade and sleep wherever they can to survive.But the defining moment in Jamal's life is when an orphan girl named Latika tags along with them.Latika is taken by gangsters and Jamal will not rest until he sees her again.Years later, as a young adult, he finds her at a gangster's house. She is locked up, and her only pastime is the Indian TV show Who Wants to Be a Millionaire? Jamal gets on the show so she can watch him. (Movie) Two of the musketeers are called Athos and Porthos. What was the name of the third musketeer? Danny: I'd like to phone a friend. Host: Here we go. Latika: Hello.Latika answers the phone. When they were kids, she was the third musketeer. Jamal and Salim were Athos and Porthos.Director Danny Boyle's love story is influenced by Bollywood where everything is extreme.Like most Indian films, Slumdog Millionaire offers upall-consuming passion, tear-jerking drama and a happyending. The film's dynamic music and vivid colors enhance the emotions. Its fairytale quality does not undermine Danny Boyle's gritty look at today's India, a country of extremes itself. (Movie) Danny: Latika.Slumdog Millionaire's exuberance is contagious. We leave the theater love-struck, exhilarated.And, as in Jamal's case, we can't help but root for the Oscar nominee regardless of the odds.Now listen to the second news report broadcasted on the day when Slumdog Millionaire finally earned 8 Oscars. After listening, match the awards with the corresponding names.Audioscript:Slumdog Millionaire was expected to win big. And, it did, earning Oscars for its cinematography, film editing, sound mixing, and bringing two of the golden statuettes to composer A. R. Rahman for his score and an original song.Steven Spielberg announced the top award of the evening."And, the Oscar goes to Slumdog Millionaire, Christian Colson, producer."The man behind the movie, Danny Boyle, was named best director.Slumdog Millionaire was a collaboration between the British filmmaker, an Indian cast and crew and a Hollywood distributor. Backstage, Boyle said joint efforts like this will become more common."You know, there's all sorts of people gonna work there. These things are gonna come together. The world's shrinking a bit in a ... in a wonderful way and it will benefit from it because, in ... in culture, fusion is a wonderful thing."The film is set in the slums of Mumbai and features two professional actors with a cast of unknown youngsters from the Mumbai slums. Young cast members came to Hollywood for the Oscars.The story revolves around a teenager who hopes to win riches on a quiz show. Writer Simon Beaufoy, who won an Oscar for his adapted screenplay, says the story is appropriate in a recession."A film comes out that is ostensibly about being a millionaire, and actually what it's about is, it's a film that says there aremore important things than money. There's love and faith and your family, and that struck a chord with people, I think, right now."Part III Karen Kain -- a CanadianballerinaThe beautiful prima ballerina of the National Ballet of Canada, Karen Kain, was for five years the partner of Rudolph Nureyev and has danced most of the major classical ballet roles all over the world, since her debut in the demanding role of Odile/Odette in Swan Lake at the age of nineteen. She was born in Hamilton, Ontario, not far from Toronto, the home of the National Ballet of Canada. She and her husband now live in Cabbagetown, one of the oldest districts in central Toronto.In this section, you are going to hear an interview during which Karen Kain, a Canadian ballerina, talks about her work and how she first became interested in the ballet. While listening for the first time, add more key words in the left column. After the second listening, answer the questions.Now try this: listen to a more authentic version of the interview and then do the multiple choice.Audioscript: Well, I actually saw Celia Franka dance, and now she founded the National Ballet of Canada. And she was dancing in my hometown -- Giselle, and I was taken for my birthday, and I saw her dance, (I) fell in love with it, and I started taking ballet lessons, and then at one point ... I think it was around ten ... my teacher said that I should audition for the National Ballet School, which is a full-time academic and ballet training facility here in Toronto. It's one of... I think it's the only one in North America. I mean, it's the same set-up as the Paris Opera, the Bolshoi, the Leningrad ... you know, that they have the school affiliated with the Company. And you take all your academic training as well as your dance training. So she told me that I should audition for that, and I did. And when I was eleven years old I went to the ballet school for seven years till I was eighteen, graduated from high school and I joined the National Ballet. Now you were married fairly recently, weren't you? It'll be three years next month, yes. Is touring and so forth hard on married life? I believe your husband's an actor, isn't he? Yes, he is. So you'reprobably both away quite a lot. We've been very fortunate. We've managed to stay together most of the time. The longest we were separated was when I was on tour with the National Ballet in Europe last spring, and I was gone for six weeks, and he was making a television series and he was in Australia for six weeks. So we have been separated a few times, but most of the time we manage to be together.We've just been very fortunate. Throughout the year ... how much time do you have off away from the dance? Very little. I'm trying to make sure that I get one week in June this year, because I have not had more than two days free since a year ago January. So I've been working very very hard, and I feel that I really need one week free, you know. Tom Boyd: How long can a ballerina go on before she should start thinking of retiring? I hope that I have another ten years at the most to dance. Tom Boyd: What would you do after that? Would you leave the ballet completely or go into teaching, or choreography? I don't think choreography, I don't think I have any talent in ... you know ... I have no desire, no talent. I like to teach, I like to coach young dancers. I don't think I would leave the ballet world entirely, but I may try something else. You never know. I'm interested in otherthings and I have done some sorts of musical comedy work, and I've enjoyed it very much -- just to expand myself a little and to look around. And this Christmas again I'll be playing Cinderella in an English pantomime -- which is great fun for me. I really have fun and it's not serious dancing, you know, and I get to speak and act and everything. So I don't know. I would also like to have a family, so I have lots of things that I may do.Part IV More about the topic:Beethoven VBeethoven was a German composer and pianist. A crucial figure in the transition between the Classical and Romantic eras in Western art music, he remains one of the most famous and influential of all composers. His best known compositions include 9 symphnies, 5 concertos for piano, 32 piano sonatas, and 16 string quartets. The Symphony No. 5 in C minor was written in 1804 - 1808. It is one of the most frequently played symphonies.Listen to the recording. Learn to appreciate Beethoven's Fifth Symphony with the speakers. While listening, complete the following outline.Audioscript:"" The most famous four-note sequence in music, instantly recognizable to us today as Beethoven's Fifth and full of associations. Fate knocking at the door. "V" for victory. But how must it have sounded to that original audience? Beethoven presented it as pure music. No clue to its significance or meaning. Well, Beethoven, as a personality, was so tricky and so uncouth in so many ways, and had such a difficult, troubled childhood, that the adult that gave us some of these pieces was a man so often at odds with the world around him. Born in poverty in the German town of Bonn, he was bullied as a child by his alcoholic father and in his 20s realized he was going deaf, surely the crudest of tragedies for a musician. But Beethoven was a man with a will of iron, and, in the Fifth, he harnesses the power of the orchestra to an insistent propulsive rhythm, forcing the symphony to articulate the profoundest personal drama. Host: The story of a soul struggling against implacable fateand emerging incandescently victorious. One of the great contrasts available to a composer are the contrasts of darkness and lightness. And in his Fifth Symphony, builds up from hesitant darkness into the radiant blaze of optimism, confidence, whatever. Now he does this through the simplest of means. At the end of the third movement, which is the rather shadowy, dark scherzo, his plan is to burst us into the light without stopping. Now he does this by making the orchestra play as quietly as it can, all the strings just plucking very, very quietly. Then comes the heartbeat of the drum, very, very quiet and distant and the strings just moving up and down, uncertain about which way they're going to go. And then suddenly, very quickly, the whole orchestra comes in, and, without stopping, we burst into the final movement. This is in the major key. Lights full on, after lights hardly on at all. The symphony is a masterpiece of storytelling without words. When the French Revolution erupted, Beethoven was a teenager, struggling to support his family after the death of their mother, and the concept of individual liberty became a lifelong issue. And we, the listeners, are compelled to share his battle against fate. Although Beethoven wanted to write something that was comprehensible at first hearing, hewasn't writing simply to give pleasure. He wanted it to be a potentially life-changing experience, music that would resonate in the mind long after the last note had sounded.Part V Do you know ...?What is a musical? According to one definition, it is a stage, television or film production utilizing popular-style songs and dialogue to either tell a story and/or showcase the talents of varied performers. Musicals are not just written -- they are collaborative creations that are put together piece by piece. Then what is the Broadway musical? When was it born?A Spot dictation. Listen to a passage about the birth of the Broadway musical. Fill in the blanks with the words you hear.Audioscript:Most scholars believe that The Black Crook in 1866 marked the beginning of the musical comedy, integrating music, dance and comedy, with an emphasis on beautiful women and spectacular scenery. But it was during World War Oneand after, that the musical developed as a uniquely American idiom. Song-and-dance man George M. Cohan exploited Americans' sense of patriotism, moving away from European influences. In the 1920s. songwriters who include Jerome Kern, George and Ira Gershwin, Richard Rodgers and Oscar Hammerstein II, brought the musical to maturity with their meticulous crafting of music and lyrics to create the American popular song.The modern musical was born in 1943 with Rodgers and Hammerstein's Oklahoma, which revolutionized the way dance, music and dialogue were used to develop the plot and characters. Other songwriters of the 1940s, 50s and 60s capitalized on that winning formula to write so many hit musicals, that that era is now referred to as "Broadway's Golden Age." Since then, American musicals have been translated and produced on stages all over the world. The music has become a mainstay among vocalists and jazz musicians, making clear the expression that the music of Broadway is truly "America's classic music."Foreigners call Americans Yankees. Southerners say that Yankees are Northerners. Northerners say that Yankeesare from the New England states. People in New England say it is the Vermonters who are Yankees. Vermonters reply that a Yankee is just someone who eats pie for breakfast. It seems that the origin of this term defies detection.B1 Listen to the passage. Focus on what the word "Yankee" refers to at different times. Supply the missing information. B2 Now listen to the passage again. Complete the summary.Our question this week asks about the song Yankee Doodle. To explain, we must go back more than 200 years. The American colonies had not yet won independence from England. The British used the word "Yankee" to describe colonists in the northeast part of America. That area was known as New England. After the War for Independence, the British used the word to mean all Americans. And during both World Wars American soldiers were known as Yankees or just Yanks.That was the song Yankee Doodle. History experts do not know exactly when it was written. Some research shows the date may have been during the 1750s. Many storiessay a British army doctor wrote the song when England was fighting the French and the Indians in North America. There is little confirmation of these stories. We do know, however, that Yankee Doodle was sung by the British to make the colonial people of North America look foolish. And we know the song became popular among the colonists themselves. Many knew at least some of the words.The British continued to use the song to make Yankees look foolish until the early days of the War for Independence in the 1770s. Stories say, British soldiers marching out of the city of Boston stepped in time to the music of Yankee Doodle. Those same soldiers were defeated by colonial troops at the town of Concord singing the same song. Since then, Yankee Doodle has been a song that represents the United States.Part VII Watch and enjoyMagic is a performing art that entertains audiences by staging tricks or creating illusions of seemingly impossible or supernatural feats using natural means.These feats are called magic tricks, effects, or illusions. A professional who performs such illusions is called a magician or an illusionist. Watch the video clip from the movie Illusionist. After watching, answer the following questions.Videoscript:Announcer：Life and death, space and time, fate and chance. These are the forces of the universe. Tonight, ladies and gentleman, I present to you a man who has unlocked these mysteries. From the furthest cornersof the world where the dark arts still hold sway, hereturns to us to demonstrate how nature's laws maybe bent. I give you ... Eisenheim.Eisenheim：Might I borrow a handkerchief from someone?You, Madam. Thank you. Ah, be patient. Now, if youplease, I would like to continue with an examinationof time. From the moment we enter this life we are in the flow of it. We measure it and we mark it but wecannot defy it. We cannot even speed it up or slow it down. Or can we? Have we not each experienced asensation that a beautiful moment seemed to pass_ too quickly? And wished that we could make it linger?Or felt time slow on a dull day and wished that wecould speed things up a bit? I assure you, they'requite real. Audience: Is it real?Eisenheim：And you, Madam, where is yourhandkerchief? Audience: Bravo! Very good.。

《英语听力教程3》答案与听力材料呵呵....考试一路顺风......UNIT 1A.B. Keys:Part I Getting ready1: burning of the forests/tree removal (deforestation)/reduction of the world's rain forests2: global warming/greenhouse effect/emissions of CO2Part II The Earth at risk (I)A. Keys:1.a. More people--------?more firewood----?fewer treesb. More domestic animals------?more plants-----?fewer available plantsa, b--? More desert----?move south-----?desrtt expanding south----?no grass2. Growing crops stabilize soil, without them the top soil just blows away. But if there isn't enough rain the crops don't grow.3. People try to grow food to support themselves or to create ranches where cattle can be raised, or to get hardwood for export,or to make way for an iron ore mineB. Keys:1: Sahara Desert2: North America & most of Europe3: top soil blowing away4: tropical forests destruction5: animal/plant species becoming extinct6: climate change for the whole worldPart III The Earth at risk (II)A. Keys:1: Trees would hold rainfall in their roots. When forests in the higher up-river have been destroyed, all the rain that falls in the monsoon season flows straight into the river and starts the flooding.2: He implies that some national governments just consider the results of their policies in the near future, or just think as far ahead as the next election.B. Keys:1: flooding in Bangladesh2: Action to be taken3: population controlPart IV More about the topic: The Effects of Global Warming Keys:1: Warming up of the world2: Effects of global3: reduced potential for food production4: change of patterns of hear-related food poisoning, etc.Part V Do you know…?A. Keys:1: F 2: F 3: F 4: F 5: TB. Keys:Dos 1: your towels 2: Cut out 3: a wall-fire 4: fridge 5: wait until you've a full load6: a complete mealDon’ts 7: iron everything 8: the iron up 9: the kettle 10: to the brim11: hot foodUnit 2Part I Getting readyA.B. Keys:1: International Union for the Conservation of Nature,United Nations, wildlife, policies2: Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species, trade, animals and plants, 1975, prohibits, 8000, controls,300003: United Nations Environmental Program,leadership, environment, quality of life4: World Wide Fund for Nature(formerly World Wildlife Fund) , 1961, Sahara Desert, North America & most of Europe,top soil blowing awayC. Keys:1: 2 2: 4 3: 5 4: 1,6 5: 3Questions:1: They work to conserve natural areas that contain endangered wildlife2: They are campaigning to provide sea sanctuaries for some of these endangered species.Protected-nesting sites for turtles have been set up3: It refers to the places of safety in the sea where sea animals are protected and allowed to live freelyPart II Christmas bird countsA. Keys:1: Jan. 3rd 2: more than 40 000 volunteers 3: 1 600 4: a 15 mile diameter5: an American artist 6: their natural habitats 7: the late 1800sB. Keys:1: start 2: sponsored 3: outside counting birds 4: experienced bird watchers5: anyone that is interested or concerned 6: scheduled 7: 10 people taking part8: 15 mile diameter circle 9: the total bird populations 10: the number of birds11: the longest-running bird census 12: undefinedPart III Dolphin captivityA.B. Keys:1: 1 2: 3 3: 4 4: 5 5: 26: Dolphins should be kept in captivity.7: There are educational benefits of keeping marine mammals in captivity.C. Keys:1: stress (family-oriented) 2: sonar bouncing off3: average age of death; life getting better for captive dolphins4: natural behabior patterns-altered5: suffering from fractured skulls, ribs or jaws6: can't learn from animals in the wild how they operate, breed, what they need, etc.Part IV More about the topic: Birds----A Source of WealthKeys:1：9300 2：Habitat 3：warmer climates 4：300 different species 5：colder climates 6：habitat alteration 7：esthetic value 8：Birds' populationPart V Do you know…?Keys:1: one and one-half million 2: 20 times3: 100 4: 40000 5: 65 million6: 3500 7: 2 million square miles 8: 3%9: 200 animal species 10: 100011: a third 12: two-thirds 13: three-quartersUnit 3 El Nino? La Nina? Part ID. warmer/ green house effect / sea levels/ climate zonesAs 1998 ends and people look forward to the last year of the century, the World Almanac spoke with experts about what comes next. Almanac editorial director says the experts believe the next century will bring lots of changes.Warm, of course, that our climate is going to continue getting warmer. That’s the subject, by the way, of another new article on the 1999 World Almanac. The greenhouse effect, exactly what causes it, and what steps to be taken to, perhaps to alleviate global warmings. I’ve seen recently that 1998 is goin g to go down as the warmest year ever on record. And so that’s going to be a major issue of the next century, and possible tremendous consequences of the global warmings, whether it is rising sea levels affecting the coastal areas; changes in climate zones affecting what crops can be grown, and in what regions. This is potentially a very significant trend to be watched.E. Cyclone: North or south of equator / Typhoon:/ Hurricane: Eastern PacificMajor ocean storms in the northern part of the world usually develop in late summer or autumn over waters near the equator. They are known by several different names. Scientists call these storms cyclones when they happen just north or south of the equator in the Indian Ocean. In the western Pacific Ocean or the China Sea, thesestorms are called typhoons. In the eastern Pacific and Atlantic Ocean, they are called hurricanes.Part IIA. Outline 1. A. weather pattern/ global climateB. 1. twice a decade 2. 12-18 monthsC. 1. warmer weather/2. wetter than usual/ drier D. the decline of winds II. 1. droughtsB. a cyclic weather pattern/ about twice a decade/ wetter/ drier/ cold water away from South America’s west/ to expand eastward toward the America’s / move eastward too/ the weather around the world/ droughts/ rains and flooding/ on the South American fishing industry/ to become depletive/ the strength of it/Part III Lick ObservatoryB. location: an hour’s drive/ summit/Origin of the name: a wealthy businessmanSize: one meter diameter/ secondTime: 1888Present function: research/ an educational toolC. way of observation: human eyes; in the cold/ TV screen Gains and losses: Romance/ the sky/ efficiency/ reality/ universeQuestions:1. Because lick Observatory is near “Silicon Valley”, a region of the states high-technology.2. Because Lick Observatory was built on his estate and he was buried at the base of the telescope at this won request.3. By using the 19th century telescope, you have a feeling of romance with direct viewing with the human eyes. By sing the modern devices, you lose that romance but gain the efficiency. That’s an exchange.Part IV. The national climatic Data Center.A. OutlineI. A. 1951 B. headquarters C. satellites, radar, solar radiation system, airplanes, shipsII. B. collecting weather records from around the world D. publications about earth environment. E. requests fro information from all over the world.B. questions.1. The Department of Defense, the National Weather Service, the coastguard2. The office has written weather observations made by early American diplomat Benjamin Franklin and by the third President of the U.S.3. You can get the information by computer, microfilm and telephone4. American cities. Another publication has monthly reports from 1500 observation stations around the world.5.The center had more than 900,000 requests from government officials, business owners,Unit 4 Reports on Disasters & AccidentsPart I.1. firebomb/ shopping/ several /2. 1,000 tornadoes3. car ferry/ taken over/ Green Action Front4. South Korea/ 270/ thousands5. robbed/ 5/ lunchtime/ 10,0006. hurricane/ 100/ twenty/ 1007. Hijacked/ TuesdayPart II. Hurricanes & tornadoesA. 1. a storm 2. about 2000 3. the winds were up to 75 miles an hour 4. the Indian army 5. destroyed/ links / collapsed 6. more than 40 people 7. over 100,000 peopleLarge numbers of villages have been completely cut off. The officialsaid the death toll could reach 2000. the Indian army has been called into help the relief effort. From Deli. Here is David Willis.The storm with winds of up to 75 miles an hour struck India’s southeast coast, flattening homes, destroying crops and cutting transport links. Eyewitnesses reported tidal waves more than 12 feet high. The storm was followed by torrential rains, which swept away roads and railway lines, and flooded low lying areas. More than 40 people are thought to have died when a ferry sank. But most of the deaths have been due to flooding, houses collapsing or electrocutions. More than 100,000 people have been evacuated from their homes and are taking shelter in relief camps. After surveying the flooded area by helicopter, the chief minister said it resembled a burial ground. He’s appealed to the federal government to tr eat the incident as a national calamity. David Willis.B. 1. The worst of the heavy rains and thunderstorms appears to be over2. in parts of Europe3. During the past week4. Affected5. At least five6. because emergency warnings were issued before.C. 1. c 2 b 3. d 4. bNine hours Greenwich Mean Time. The news read by Wendy Gordon. The worst of the heavy rains and thunderstorms that have been sweeping parts of Europe during the past week appears to be over. Exceptionally heavy rainfall brought flooding to many parts of Germany, Switzerland, Northern Italy and France and chaos to rail and road transport. Although most flights are expected to be back to normal by this time tomorrow, there are expected to be serious delays on the German and Italian motorways over the forthcoming holiday weekend and train services are unlikely to be normalized for several days. A government spokeswoman in France announced that the damage to homes and property is expected to be at least four thousand million francs. It is reported that at least five people have lost their lives. Experts agree that casualty figures are low because emergency warnings were issued on the day before the storms began. The federal government in Switzerland has urged motorists and rail travelers not to travel during the next few days and no international traffic will be allowed on the main north-south motorway routes across the country until next Tuesday.Part III. EarthquakesA. Another earthquake, the fifth in three days, hit Japan last night. Hundreds of homes have now been destroyed or badly damaged, and thousands have been made homeless since the earthquakes started.Many of the homeless have begun to make themselves makeshift shelters from the rubble. Electricity, gas and water supplies have also been seriously disrupted. Experts believe that the country will be hit by more quakes during the next 48 hours.C.I. A. Sunday/ the 23rd B. in southern ItalyII. A. at least 400 B. many more than 400III. A. in small towns and villages outside Naples 1. hospital 2. church 3. private homesB. 1. eight or nine 2. in the streets or squares 3. countryside/ traffic jams 4. telephone lines/ 5. electricity and waterIV. A. 1. the fog 2. the cold weather B. roadrt.Part IV Earthquake TipsDuring an earthquakeA1. Main idea: to remember Tsunami victims2. Time : midday/ 3 minutes of silence/ people stopped/ flags lowered to half staff.3. Purpose: giving people a chance to remember all those who died.4. 1) Sweden/ 700+1200 Germany: +1000B1. large earthquake/ epicenter under water2. no/ most quakes no tsunamis3. depending on distance/ near the earthquake/ immediately / hardest hit area/ two hours away.4. a. water/ seriously withdrawing or coming in for no apparent reasonb. feeling an earthquake / witnessing a landslide at the coast Unit 5 People & Places (I) Part I1. Australia is the world’s largest island and its smallest continent. Its total area of 3,000,000 square miles is about the same as that of the continental United States (excluding Alaska)2. the area of Nepal is about 54,000 square miles. Within its borders are five of the world’s highest peaks.3. Switzerland is a small, landlocked country, 15,944 square miles in area. It’s bordered by France, Austria, a nd Italy.4. more than 20,000,000 people live in Argentine. About 97 percent are of European stock. Most argentines live on the eastern plains. Fewer than 19% live in the dry western and northwestern provinces.5. Austria is 32,376 square miles in area. This makes it twice thesize of neighboring Switzerland. There are about 7,150,000 people living in Austria. More than one third of the people live in or near Vienna, the capital city.6. Colombia is the only country in South America with a coastline on the both sides of the continent. It is a big country with an area of 439,828 square miles and about 16,300,000persons live in Colombia.7. Saudi Arabia’s area is estimated to be about 830,000 square miles. Almost all of Saudi Arabia’s 7,000,000 people are A rabs. Today Saudi Arabia’s vast oil resources are paying for the modernization of the country. Conditions there are changing more rapidly than they have for centuries.8. Denmark proper has an area of only 16,575 square miles. It is the smallest of the Scandinavian countries—Denmark, Finland, Iceland, Norway and Sweden. But Denmark’s population of over 4,600,000 is greater than that of Norway and more than half that of Sweden. Part II CanadaB. outlineI. A. second only/ B. 26 million people C. 1 the Great Lakes 2 the Rocky Mountains 3 the Arctic islandsII. A. 1. 2. overcoat/ a fur hatIII. A. 1. American Indians 2 Germans 3 Italians, / Inuit B.English and FrenchIV. A. seafood B. meat dishes D. the sweet course E. good beer but not good local wines.V. A. most modern shopping centers B. 1 2. woolen 3. wood 4 leather 5 mapleVI. A. the Canadian dollar B. 10 am to 3pm Monday to Thursday, till later on Fridays.Part III Traveling around AustraliaA. Sydney: harbor: take a boat trip in an old sailing ship/ at a backpacker’s hotelThe Sydney Opera House: see concertsThe great Barrier Reef: tropical fish/ glass bottom/ at a resort hotel or at a guesthouseAyers Rock in Ulura National park: go hiking/ see cave paintings/ colors /at sunrise and sunsetKakadu National Park: go hiking/ wildlife / waterfalls/ in one of the campsites.B. 1. T 2 F 3 F 4. T 5 F 6. T 7. FStatements:1. When David was in Sydney, he didn’t stay there for night.2. The Great Barrier Reef is in South Queensland in Australia3. From what Nancy says, one can know that she is fond of swimming4. In Uluru national Park, Nancy can see the largest rock in the world.5. If Nancy likes to walk around the base of the rock, she has to walk about five miles.6. Nancy will bring her camera with her when she travels in Australia.7. There are no crocodiles in the tropical forest in Australia.Part IV. The Story of DenverOutlineI. A. 1l6 kilometers/ one mile above the sea levelB. population:C. 1. 300 days of sunshine a year2. about 35 centimetersII. Business and Marketing centerA. more than 1500 manufacturing companies1. Main activity: food processing2. other factories making equipment for the defense, space, high technology and transportation industries.3. gold productionB. the computer and communications industriesC. 1. offering the third highest number/ 2. that do business in other countriesIII. A. History B. Natural History C. North America/ 90,000 E. city park system F. a business area filled with old buildings, gas lights and vehicles pulled by horsesPart V. Do you Know…?ICELAND----- in the Atlantic/ a small population / an island countryBrazil----- a newly-built capital / a pretty large country/ famous for its jungles/ a South American countryNew Zealand----- hotter than Britain / a small population / a mountainous country/ a wet climate/ divided into two islands. Unit6People and Places (II)Part IPart II New ZealandersOutlineI. A. an island country in the South Pacific Ocean B. 2,575,000 II. A. free education for children from ages 3 to 19B. for children between the ages of 7 and 15C. The Government Correspondence School:III. A. one of the highest in the worldB. mainly one-story wooden homesC. meat and butterIV. Recreation B. musical / D. Concerts/ E operaV. A. camping/ fishing C. Rugby football D. soccer/ basketballB. 1. F 2. F 3. T 4. T 5. F 6 FStatements:1. New Zealand is about 1,400 miles from Australia2. More people live on the larger South Island than the North Island in New Zealand3. Most New Zealanders are of British origin.4. Children in New Zealand usually go to school at the age of5.5. Not many New Zealanders have their own cars.6. New Zealanders are fond of drinking a lot of tea.Part III. What do you think of Britain?Weather Food people Way of lifePaul Changeable; depressing;The best word: bleak Boring/ flavor$ taste/ enjoy it Snobbish;/ alive/ on fireCindy Cloudy/ sunshine D ull, / sweets Difficult/ reserved relaxed Usha Changeable/ OK Healthy/ bland Reserved/ friendly Fast Spiro Depressing / long; pleasant All right/ limited Friendly sincere Awful; / tiringB. 1. It must be tasty and full of flavor2. Spring and autumn3. Because the city life is fast4. for seven years5. there is a wider selection of dishes in Greek food.6. Usha is very good at making friends.Part IV Native peoples of AlaskaOutline1. A. 1 sea 2 fish 3 4 reindeerB 1 frame houses 2 hutsC 1 hunting 2. carvingII. A related/ differentB. 1 the sea 2 fishing boats 3 working inIII. Indians A. the interior 1. Canada 2 fishing, trappingB. near the sea 1. 2 means of livelihood: c. loggingPart V. Do you know…?1. T 2 T 3. F 4. F 5. F 6. T 7. FStatements:1. The city of London is quite dirty.2. the speed of life in the countryside is relatively low.3. companies remain in the city despite high rents and office costs.4. the company selling office equipment had no choice but to close down its London office.5. shortly after the company closed down its London office, it went bankrupt.6. more and more fields in the countryside are being used for housing.7. with less land to farm, people now get fewer farming products.Unit7Part I Getting readyA.B. Keys:1: delighted 2: care 3: afraid 4: shy 5: strangers 6: really 7: laugh at 8: seriously9: sympathetic 10: lectures 11: experience 12: think 13: grammar 14: meaning 15: time16: work 17: problems 18: read19: improve 20: somethingPart II Are you a good language leaner?A. Keys:1: instrumental 2: examinations 3: integrative 4: immigration 5: marry 6: confident7: a good ear 8: revision 9: monitor 10: organization 11: teacher 12: classroom 13: 24 hours 14: responsibilityB. Keys:1: eternal 2: solution 3: out-of-classroom 4: in-classroom 5: responsibility6: failed 7: blame 8: blamePart III Foreign accentsA. Keys:1: judge 2: accents 3: snobbish 4: posh 5: foreign6: talk 7: expect 8: BBCB. Keys: 1: strong 2: struggle 3: broken 4: sort 5: tellPart IV More about the topic: How to Enlarge your V ocabulary? Keys: (the red numbers after the statements mean that you should tick Women 1, 2 or 3 in the form)1. learn new words by reading, e.g. newspapers, magazines: 1、32. learn new words from TV, films, etc.: 23. look up new words in a dictionary: 1、24. ask a native speaker of English what a new word means: 25. keep vocabulary cards or a vocabulary notebook: 2、36. try to use new words in conversations or when writing letters: 27. guess the meaning of new words: 38. group words related to one topic: 39. figure out the words from the pronunciation: 210. do crossword puzzles: 1Part V Do you know…?B. Keys: 1: lift, weekend 2: announcer or newsreader, smoking, training3: building 4: parkingUnit8Part I Getting readyA.B. Keys:1 : √2 : 03 : 04 : √5 : 0Part II Home schoolingA. Keys:1: About 300000 2: In reading and math 3: interests, questions 4: outsider,mixing with, well qualified, narrow views 5: time, desireB. Keys:1: snowfall, climate, Alaska, tourism2: spring, stars, telescope, satellites, space3: dinner, atlas, influence, greenhouse, deserts, ice capsPart III UK or US education?A. Keys:1: everything 2: fair idea, want to do 3: competent, narrow, one thing 4: beginning, lose yearsB. Keys:1: depth, general, wide 2: 90% 3: pure, technical, scientific, academic, practical use4: flexible, switch 5: far more, prepared, new skillsPart IV More about the topic: Co-educational or Segregated Schools Keys:1：to equip 2：require 3：shock 4：apart 5：true 6：get to know 7：live together8：compare 9：male 10：female 11：healthy attitude 12：mysterious creatures13：romantic heroes 14：physical 15：emotionalPart V Do you know…?Keys:1 : similar, Britain2 : 1732, life stories3 : 1751, Frenchmen4 : 1768, Scotland5 : 72000, 70006 : 8000, 10007 : 70 to 125 Unit9Part I Getting readyA.B. Keys:1: F 2: T 3: F 4: FC. Keys:1: comedy 2: women 3: scenery 4: One 5: American 6: patriotism 7: European8: 1920s 9: maturity 10: popular 11: 1943 12: plot 13: hit 14: golden age15: all over the world 16: mainstay 17: music of Broadway 18: classicPart II Times SquareA. Keys:1: Because it is the name for the area around where Broadway crosses Forty-Second Street in Manhattan2: In 1904, it got its name in an area which was then called Long Acre Square.3: New York Times newspaper, New Year celebrations, Entertainment, Its huge colorful signsB. Keys:1: seedy, drug dealers, pornography or cheap knock-off,2: be widened, declined, upscale, Times Square clothing and accessoriesPart III What is a pub?A. (Outline) Keys:1: sign 2: name 3: sale of alcoholic drinks 4: 10:30 a.m. - 3:00 p.m. 5: 6 p.m. - 11 p.m.6: Sundays 7: 7 p.m. - 10:30 p.m. 8: accommodationB. Keys:1: That is because they seldom find the word "pub" in the name of a pub. Very often many pubs have names linked to royalty, sports, popular heroes or great occasions.2: The first thing to look for is a large sign either hanging over the street or placed on a pole outside the building.3: "Saloon Bar" is more comfortably furnished.4: That means the pub doesn't buy its drinks from one particular brewery only. It isn't tied to a brewery.C. Keys:1: coaches welcomed by appointment 2: bar food - lunchtimes only 3: pub accommodation 4: facilities for the disabled 5: a pub of historic interestPart IV More about the topic: The Song Yankee DoodleA. Keys:1: Colonists in the northeast part of America2: All Americans 3: American soldiersB. Keys:1: little 2: British 3: British 4: foolish 5: colonists 6: words 7: 1770s 8: soldiers 9: music 10: defeated 11: same 12: representsPart V Do you know…?A. Keys:1：It's Christmas Eve supper.2：There are 12 traditional dishes on the table.3：They just break wafers with each other, wishing each other good luck.4：The children go to the other room, where the big Christmas tree stands. Under the tree there are some Christmas presents.5：They go to church at midnight.B. Keys: 1：c 2：a 3：b 4：b 5：cUnit10Part I Getting readyA.B. Keys:1: July 20. 1969 2: U.S. 3: descended 4: the first person5: step 6: leap7: two-and-a-half hour 8: flag 9: a phone called 10: feat11: heavens 12. world 13: moment 14: people 15: pride16: astronauts 17: module 18. legacy19: demonstration 20: chained 21: further 22: unlimitedPart II Standing on the moonA. Keys:1: the fifth person 2: nine hours and twenty-three minutes3: gather and photograph 4:peacefull, insignificantB. Keys:1: F 2: F 3: F 4: TPart III Grand projects of the ageA. Keys: 4, 2, 5, 3, 1, 6B. Keys:1: 1931, 102-floor high, 42 years, its limestone majesty2: 2009, $24 billion, electrity3: $330 billion, (still counting), 4300 miles, (still counting), automobile society, jobs, trade4: 1994, 24 miles, England, the Continent5: 1914, $380 million, 7800 milesPart IV More about the topic: World Wars (I& II)Missing…Part V Do you know…?Keys: 1: T 2: F 3: F 4: F 5: T 6: FUnit11Part I Getting readyA.B. Keys:1: Tuesday, March 1st 2: Arts 3: Sciences 4: industry 5: technicians 6: 30 7: recognize 8: create 9: vote 10: 70 11: Album 12: gold 13: players 14: short 15: nominated 16: six 17: Pop Male 18: country singer19: The Hard WayPart II Karen Kain—a Canadian ballerinaA. Keys:1: In her hometown.2: When she was eleven years old.3: She also got academic training.4: When she was eighteen years old.5: He is an actor.6: For six weeks.7: For another ten years at the most.8: She will be playing Cinderella in an English pantomime.B. Keys:1: c 2: d 3: d 4: a 5: d 6: cPart III “The Scream”A. Keys:1: powerful 2: black 3: white 4: bridge 5: screaming6: at the end 7: loneliness 8: sadnness 9: hideB. Keys:1: For painting the bridge or the street2: For painting a field or a wall3: They somehow depress the picture4: For painting clouds5: They add to the depression of the screamerPart IV More about the topic: The Oscar Award and OthersKeys:I. 1: Oscar 2: motion pictures 3: Academy 4: 1929 5: ten6: gold 7: the statuette 8: librarian 9: director 10: first cousinII. 1: the theater 2: Theater Wing 3: 1947 4: actress-director 5: nicknameIII. 1: mystery writing 2: Mystery Writers 3: miniature 4: father 5: detectiveIV. 1: Science Fiction Convention 2: science fiction 3: silver4: rocket ships 5: founder 6: Amazing StoriesPart V Do you know…? Keys:1: T 2: F 3: F 4: F 5: T 呵呵....祝你考试顺利！加油！。

Listen this way听力教程第三册-8Unit 8 The Sound of MusicPart I Getting readyA quiz game show is a type of radio or television programming genre in which contestants, television personalities or celebrities, sometimes as part of a team, play a game which involves answering questions or solving puzzles usually for money and/or prizes.A The following words will appear in this unit. Listen carefully and study the definitions.1. panel：a group of specialists who give their advice or opinion about something2. contender：a person who takes part in a competition or tries to win something3. nomination：the act of suggesting or choosing somebody as a candidate in an election, or for a job or an award4. cinematography：the art or process of making films5. score：the music written for a film/movie or play6. audition：take part in a practical test for performing applicants7. choreography：the arranging or inventing of dances, especially ballet8. pantomime：traditional Christmas musical show for children9. scherzo：a short, lively piece of music, that is often part of a longer piece10. lyrics：the words of a songListen to the following radio quiz game. Who are those people on the panel? Supply the missing information.Now listen again. Put a mark beside each question. Put a tick if it is true. If it is false, put a cross. Finally write down who that person is. Audioscript::A - Announcer M - MaxineQ - Quizmaster L - LauraT-Tim D-David Radio Bristol. Ladies and gentlemen, it's time for "Alive or Dead?" our exciting quiz game about famous people alive or dead. Before I tell you the rules, let's meet our panel for tonight. From right to left we have that famous sportsman and racing driver, TimBrown. T:. Evening everyone. Next to Tim, is that lovely star of the American cinema, who is now here in Bristol at the Opera House, Maxine Morgan. Hi there! Next we have novelist, David Walker. Good evening. And last but not least, composer and singer, Laura Dennison. Hello. So let's get with the game. I have the name of a famous person -- alive or dead -- in this envelope. The panel will try to guess who it is. But they can only ask questions which have a "yes" or "no" answer. Are we ready? Well, yes. Are you alive? No, I'm not. Now Maxine, let's have your question. You're not alive. So you are a famous person who is dead. Oh, I know. Are you a person in a book -- a fictional character -- somebody who isn't real? No, I'm not fictional. David, can we have your question? So you're a real, dead person? That's right, I am. Good, now we want to know where you come from. Are you British? No, I'm not British. Are you from Europe? No, I'm not. T: Are you Australian? No, Tim, I'm not. I'm not Australian. Oh, then I know, you're American. You're a real American person, but you're dead. Now let me think. Ah, yes, are you a writer of any sort? No, I'm not. Are you anything to do with peace, you know someone like Martin Luther King? A good guess, Laura, but I'm nothing to do with peace. Well, that's a difficult one, really. I think the answer is half "Yes" and half "No". No, I'll say "No". T: Mm, funny, half "Yes", half "No", but finally "No". Well, well, are you famous as an entertainer of any sort, you know a film star, or popsinger, or an actor, you know what I mean? Ask one question at a time, Tim, please. The answer to your question is "No". I've got it, I've got the answer. I know, I'm right. Careful now, Maxine. Say the wrong answer and I win the game. Are you sure you know who I am? Yes, you're dead, you're famous, you're American, you are sort of famous for peace work. You're not an entertainer -- you're not an American film star. I don't think you were famous as a soldier. I think you were a politician, I think you died in 1963.1 think you were married to a very beautiful woman ... I think you are very close, Maxine. I think you are almost there. I think you once went to Berlin. I think you are President John Kennedy, President of the United States of America. And congratulations to you and the panel, Maxine. Yes, you are right, the name of the famous person in my envelope is President Kennedy, born in 1917 and died in 1963, on November 22nd to be exact. Now for my next famous person ...Part II Slumdog MillionaireSlumdog Millionaire is a 2000 British drama film. Set and filmed in India, the film tells the story of Jamal Malik, a young man from the Juhu slums of Mumbai who appears on the Indian version of Who Wants to Be a Millionaire? and exceeds people's expectations, thereby arousing the suspicions of cheating. It was widelyacclaimed, being praised for its plot, soundtrack and directing. It was nominated for 10 Academy Awards in 2009, winning eight, including Best Picture, Best Director, and Best Adapted Screenplay.A Listen to the first news report broadcasted when Slumdog Millionaire won 10 Academy Award nominations. Note down the key words in the notes column. Then complete the storyline of the movie.Audioscript:One of the strongest contenders for the Best Picture Oscar this year is Slumdog Millionaire.Set in Mumbai, India, it is a story about destiny. Jamal Malik, a young man from the slums, becomes a contestant on the Indian reality show Who Wants to Be a Millionaire? Based on its American equivalent, the Indian show offers 20 million rupees ($400 000) to the winner.Few expected this independent production directed by filmmaker Danny Boyle to make it to the Oscars. But Slumdog is no longer an underdog. It has won viewers' hearts and gained critical acclaim. With ten Academy Award nominations, it is a serious Oscar contender. (Movie) Host: Jamal Malik, you 're absolutely right!Jamal Malik is not knowledgeable. He just happens to know the answers to the specific questions he's been asked. Each question is somehow related to an event that has defined his life.With their mother dead, Jamal and his brother Salim begin to steal, trade and sleep wherever they can to survive.But the defining moment in Jamal's life is when an orphan girl named Latika tags along with them.Latika is taken by gangsters and Jamal will not rest until he sees her again.Years later, as a young adult, he finds her at a gangster's house. She is locked up, and her only pastime is the Indian TV show Who Wants to Be a Millionaire? Jamal gets on the show so she can watch him. (Movie) Two of the musketeers are called Athos and Porthos. What was the name of the third musketeer? Danny: I'd like to phone a friend. Host: Here we go. Latika: Hello.Latika answers the phone. When they were kids, she was the third musketeer. Jamal and Salim were Athos and Porthos.Director Danny Boyle's love story is influenced by Bollywood where everything is extreme.Like most Indian films, Slumdog Millionaire offers up all-consuming passion, tear-jerking drama and a happy ending. The film's dynamic music and vivid colors enhance the emotions. Its fairytale quality does not undermine Danny Boyle's gritty look at today's India, a country of extremes itself. (Movie) Danny: Latika.Slumdog Millionaire's exuberance is contagious. We leave the theater love-struck, exhilarated.And, as in Jamal's case, we can't help but root for the Oscar nominee regardless of the odds.Now listen to the second news report broadcasted on the day when Slumdog Millionaire finally earned 8 Oscars. After listening, match the awards with the corresponding names.Audioscript:Slumdog Millionaire was expected to win big. And, it did, earning Oscars for its cinematography, film editing, sound mixing, and bringing two of the golden statuettes to composer A. R. Rahman for his score and an original song.Steven Spielberg announced the top award of the evening."And, the Oscar goes to Slumdog Millionaire, Christian Colson, producer."The man behind the movie, Danny Boyle, was named best director. Slumdog Millionaire was a collaboration between the British filmmaker, an Indian cast and crew and a Hollywood distributor. Backstage, Boyle said joint efforts like this will become more common."You know, there's all sorts of people gonna work there. These things are gonna come together. The world's shrinking a bit in a ... in a wonderful way and it will benefit from it because, in ... in culture, fusion is a wonderful thing."The film is set in the slums of Mumbai and features two professional actors with a cast of unknown youngsters from the Mumbai slums. Young cast members came to Hollywood for the Oscars.The story revolves around a teenager who hopes to win riches on a quiz show. Writer Simon Beaufoy, who won an Oscar for his adapted screenplay, says the story is appropriate in a recession."A film comes out that is ostensibly about being a millionaire, and actually what it's about is, it's a film that says there are more importantthings than money. There's love and faith and your family, and that struck a chord with people, I think, right now."Part III Karen Kain -- a Canadian ballerina The beautiful prima ballerina of the National Ballet of Canada, Karen Kain, was for five years the partner of Rudolph Nureyev and has danced most of the major classical ballet roles all over the world, since her debut in the demanding role of Odile/Odette in Swan Lake at the age of nineteen. She was born in Hamilton, Ontario, not far from Toronto, the home of the National Ballet of Canada. She and her husband now live in Cabbagetown, one of the oldest districts in central Toronto.In this section, you are going to hear an interview during which Karen Kain, a Canadian ballerina, talks about her work and how she first became interested in the ballet. While listening for the first time, add more key words in the left column. After the second listening, answer the questions.Now try this: listen to a more authentic version of the interview and then do the multiple choice.Audioscript: Well, I actually saw Celia Franka dance, and now she founded the National Ballet of Canada. And she was dancing in myhometown -- Giselle, and I was taken for my birthday, and I saw her dance, (I) fell in love with it, and I started taking ballet lessons, and then at one point ... I think it was around ten ... my teacher said that I should audition for the National Ballet School, which is a full-time academic and ballet training facility here in Toronto. It's one of... I think it's the only one in North America. I mean, it's the same set-up as the Paris Opera, the Bolshoi, the Leningrad ... you know, that they have the school affiliated with the Company. And you take all your academic training as well as your dance training. So she told me that I should audition for that, and I did. And when I was eleven years old I went to the ballet school for seven years till I was eighteen, graduated from high school and I joined the National Ballet. Now you were married fairly recently, weren't you? It'll be three years next month, yes. Is touring and so forth hard on married life? I believe your husband's an actor, isn't he? Yes, he is. So you're probably both away quite a lot. We've been very fortunate. We've managed to stay together most of the time. The longest we were separated was when I was on tour with the National Ballet in Europe last spring, and I was gone for six weeks, and he was making a television series and he was in Australia for six weeks. So we have been separated a few times, but most of the time we manage to be together. We've just been very fortunate. Throughout the year ... how much time do you have off away from the dance? Very little. I'm trying to makesure that I get one week in June this year, because I have not had more than two days free since a year ago January. So I've been working very very hard, and I feel that I really need one week free, you know. Tom Boyd: How long can a ballerina go on before she should start thinking of retiring? I hope that I have another ten years at the most to dance. Tom Boyd: What would you do after that? Would you leave the ballet completely or go into teaching, or choreography? I don't think choreography, I don't think I have any talent in ... you know ... I have no desire, no talent. I like to teach, I like to coach young dancers. I don't think I would leave the ballet world entirely, but I may try something else. You never know. I'm interested in other things and I have done some sorts of musical comedy work, and I've enjoyed it very much -- just to expand myself a little and to look around. And this Christmas again I'll be playing Cinderella in an English pantomime -- which is great fun for me. I really have fun and it's not serious dancing, you know, and I get to speak and act and everything. So I don't know. I would also like to have a family, so I have lots of things that I may do.Part IV More about the topic:Beethoven VBeethoven was a German composer and pianist. A crucial figure in the transition between the Classical and Romantic eras in Westernart music, he remains one of the most famous and influential of all composers. His best known compositions include 9 symphnies, 5 concertos for piano, 32 piano sonatas, and 16 string quartets. The Symphony No. 5 in C minor was written in 1804 - 1808. It is one of the most frequently played symphonies.Listen to the recording. Learn to appreciate Beethoven's Fifth Symphony with the speakers. While listening, complete the following outline.Audioscript:"" The most famous four-note sequence in music, instantly recognizable to us today as Beethoven's Fifth and full of associations. Fate knocking at the door. "V" for victory. But how must it have sounded to that original audience? Beethoven presented it as pure music. No clue to its significance or meaning. Well, Beethoven, as a personality, was so tricky and so uncouth in so many ways, and had such a difficult, troubled childhood, that the adult that gave us some of these pieces was a man so often at odds with the world around him. Born in poverty in the German town of Bonn, he was bullied as a child by his alcoholic father and in his 20s realized he was going deaf, surely the crudest of tragedies for a musician. But Beethoven was a man with a will of iron, and, in the Fifth, he harnesses the power of the orchestra to an insistentpropulsive rhythm, forcing the symphony to articulate the profoundest personal drama. Host: The story of a soul struggling against implacable fate and emerging incandescently victorious. One of the great contrasts available to a composer are the contrasts of darkness and lightness. And in his Fifth Symphony, builds up from hesitant darkness into the radiant blaze of optimism, confidence, whatever. Now he does this through the simplest of means. At the end of the third movement, which is the rather shadowy, dark scherzo, his plan is to burst us into the light without stopping. Now he does this by making the orchestra play as quietly as it can, all the strings just plucking very, very quietly. Then comes the heartbeat of the drum, very, very quiet and distant and the strings just moving up and down, uncertain about which way they're going to go. And then suddenly, very quickly, the whole orchestra comes in, and, without stopping, we burst into the final movement. This is in the major key. Lights full on, after lights hardly on at all. The symphony is a masterpiece of storytelling without words. When the French Revolution erupted, Beethoven was a teenager, struggling to support his family after the death of their mother, and the concept of individual liberty became a lifelong issue. And we, the listeners, are compelled to share his battle against fate. Although Beethoven wanted to write something that was comprehensible at first hearing, he wasn't writing simply to give pleasure. He wanted it to be a potentially life-changing experience,music that would resonate in the mind long after the last note had sounded.Part V Do you know ...?What is a musical? According to one definition, it is a stage, television or film production utilizing popular-style songs and dialogue to either tell a story and/or showcase the talents of varied performers. Musicals are not just written -- they are collaborative creations that are put together piece by piece. Then what is the Broadway musical? When was it born?A Spot dictation. Listen to a passage about the birth of the Broadway musical. Fill in the blanks with the words you hear. Audioscript:Most scholars believe that The Black Crook in 1866 marked the beginning of the musical comedy, integrating music, dance and comedy, with an emphasis on beautiful women and spectacular scenery. But it was during World War One and after, that the musical developed as a uniquely American idiom. Song-and-dance man George M. Cohan exploited Americans' sense of patriotism, moving away from European influences. In the 1920s. songwriters who include Jerome Kern, George and Ira Gershwin, Richard Rodgers and Oscar Hammerstein II, broughtthe musical to maturity with their meticulous crafting of music and lyrics to create the American popular song.The modern musical was born in 1943 with Rodgers and Hammerstein's Oklahoma, which revolutionized the way dance, music and dialogue were used to develop the plot and characters. Other songwriters of the 1940s, 50s and 60s capitalized on that winning formula to write so many hit musicals, that that era is now referred to as "Broadway's Golden Age." Since then, American musicals have been translated and produced on stages all over the world. The music has become a mainstay among vocalists and jazz musicians, making clear the expression that the music of Broadway is truly "America's classic music."Foreigners call Americans Yankees. Southerners say that Yankees are Northerners. Northerners say that Yankees are from the New England states. People in New England say it is the Vermonters who are Yankees. Vermonters reply that a Yankee is just someone who eats pie for breakfast. It seems that the origin of this term defies detection.B1 Listen to the passage. Focus on what the word "Yankee" refers to at different times. Supply the missing information. B2 Now listen to the passage again. Complete the summary.Our question this week asks about the song Yankee Doodle. To explain, we must go back more than 200 years. The American colonies had not yet won independence from England. The British used the word "Yankee" to describe colonists in the northeast part of America. That area was known as New England. After the War for Independence, the British used the word to mean all Americans. And during both World Wars American soldiers were known as Yankees or just Yanks.That was the song Yankee Doodle. History experts do not know exactly when it was written. Some research shows the date may have been during the 1750s. Many stories say a British army doctor wrote the song when England was fighting the French and the Indians in North America. There is little confirmation of these stories. We do know, however, that Yankee Doodle was sung by the British to make the colonial people of North America look foolish. And we know the song became popular among the colonists themselves. Many knew at least some of the words.The British continued to use the song to make Yankees look foolish until the early days of the War for Independence in the 1770s. Stories say, British soldiers marching out of the city of Boston stepped in time to the music of Yankee Doodle. Those same soldierswere defeated by colonial troops at the town of Concord singing the same song. Since then, Yankee Doodle has been a song that represents the United States.Part VII Watch and enjoyMagic is a performing art that entertains audiences by staging tricks or creating illusions of seemingly impossible or supernatural feats using natural means. These feats are called magic tricks, effects, or illusions. A professional who performs such illusions is called a magician or an illusionist. Watch the video clip from the movie Illusionist. After watching, answer the following questions. Videoscript:Announcer：Life and death, space and time, fate and chance. These are the forces of the universe. Tonight, ladies and gentleman, I present to you a man who has unlocked these mysteries. From the furthest corners of the world where the dark arts still hold sway, he returns to us to demonstrate how nature's laws maybe bent. I give you ... Eisenheim.Eisenheim：Might I borrow a handkerchief from someone? You, Madam. Thank you. Ah, be patient. Now, if you please, Iwould like to continue with an examination of time. From themoment we enter this life we are in the flow of it. We measure it and we mark it but we cannot defy it. We cannot even speed it up or slow it down. Or can we? Have we not eachexperienced a sensation that a beautiful moment seemed topass too quickly? And wished that we could make it linger? Or felt time slow on a dull day and wished that we could speedthings up a bit? I assure you, they're quite real. Audience: Is it real?Eisenheim：And you, Madam, where is your handkerchief?Audience: Bravo! Very good.。