专题17 议论文阅读(原卷版)1

九年级语文期末考试划重点专题17 议论文（难点）专题概述和解题方法指导一、议论文的概念。

议论文是以议论为主要表达方式，通过摆事实、讲道理，直接表达自己的观点和主张的常用文体。

议论文是以理服人的文章。

二、议论文三要素。

议论文三要素：论点、论据和论证。

1.论点（证明什么）。

论点：是作者对所论述问题的见解和主张，也是文章阐述的中心问题，它是议论文的灵魂。

论点分中心论点和分论点。

中心论点是全部分论点的高度概括和集中；分论点是从属于中心论点并为阐述中心论点的若干思想观点。

议论文一般只有一个中心论点，有的议论文还围绕中心论点提出几个分论点，这几个分论点可以是并列的，也可以是递进的，但它们都应该服从全文的中心论点（补充和证明中心论点）。

它们与中心论点的关系是：有的文章把几个分论点综合归纳起来就是中心论点；有的文章几个分论点都是中心论点的论据。

论点的特征：论点应该是作者看法的完整陈述，是明确的判断（包括肯定和否定），在形式上应该是完整的陈述句。

寻找文章的论点。

①文章的论点可以安排在开头，也可以安排在文章的中间或结尾。

有些文章的题目就揭示了论点（议论文的标题不是表明论点就是点名论题，论题只揭示议论的范围，论点是作者的见解和主张）。

即论点可以安排在文章的任何位置，但较多情况是在文章的开头或结尾，段落论点也是如此。

从常见位置寻找文章的论点，是我们的习惯做法。

②我们判断一个句子是否就是文章的的论点，还应该通读整个文段，看这个文段的其他句子是否围绕这个句子来写，与这个句子有没有逻辑上的关系。

③可以通过“认为”“必须”“由此可见”“要”“是”“不是”等表示肯定或否定的关键词来寻找论点。

2.论据(用什么证明)。

论据：论据是作者用来证明论点的材料，是论点赖以成立的基础，是文章的主体。

论据包括事实论据和道理论据两大类。

事实论据：包括有代表性的事例、确凿的数据、可靠的史实等。

所用的事例可以是具体的，也可以是概括的。

如果运用了事实论据证明论点，也就是使用了举例论证的方法。

高考英语写作常考文体讲练提分秘籍养成良好的答题习惯，是决定高考英语成败的决定性因素之一。

做题前，要认真阅读题目要求、题干和选项，并对答案内容作出合理预测;答题时，切忌跟着感觉走，最好按照题目序号来做，不会的或存在疑问的，要做好标记，要善于发现，找到题目的题眼所在，规范答题，书写工整;答题完毕时，要认真检查，查漏补缺，纠正错误。

专题17 议论文议论文的行文结构往往是三段论，包括引言段、主体段、结尾段。

其中引言段引出现象，表达观点，开门见山，引起下文；主体段可以借助名人名言、举实例、打比喻、对比分析、驳斥错误或用归纳、推理、总结等方法针对引言段的观点进行阐述，要求恰当使用过渡词，层次清晰，引领读者一步一步地根据分论点走向最终要阐述的观点。

结尾段需要用一两句话来总结主体段、呼应引言段，做到首尾呼应。

模板一不同观点列举型（选择型）There is a widespread concern over the issue that __作文题目_____. But it is well known that the opinion concerning this hot topic varies from person to person. A majority of people think that _ 观点一________. In their views there are 2 factors contributing to this attitude as follows: in the first place, ___原因一_______.Furthermore, in the second place, ___原因二_____. So it goes without saying that ___观点一_____. People, however, differ in their opinions on this matter. Some people hold the idea that ___观点二_______. In their point of view, on the one hand，___原因一_______. On the other hand, ____原因二_____. Therefore, there is no doubt that ___观点二______.As far as I am concerned, I firmly support the view that __观点一或二______. It is not only because ________, but also because _________. The more _______, the more ________.模板二利弊型议论文Nowadays, there is a widespread concern over (the issue that)___作文题目______. In fact, there are both advantages and disadvantages in __题目议题_____. Generally speaking, it is widely believed there are several positive aspects as follows. Firstly, ___优点一______. And secondly ___优点二_____.Just As a popular saying goes, "every coin has two sides", __讨论议题______ is no exception, and in another word, it still has negative aspects. To begin with, ___缺点一______. In addition, ____缺点二______.To sum up, we should try to bring the advantages of __讨论议题____ into full play, and reduce the disadvantages to the minimum at the same time. In that case, we will definitely make a better use of the ____讨论议题___.模板三答辩型议论文Currently, there is a widespread concern over (the issue that)__作文题目_______ .It is really an important concern to every one of us.As a result, we must spare no efforts to take some measures to solve this problem. As we know that there are many steps which can be taken to undo this problem. First of all, __途径一______. In addition, another way contributing to success of the solving problem is ___途径二_____. Above all, to solve the problem of ___作文题目______, we should find a number of various ways. But as far as I am concerned, I would prefer to solve the problem in this way, that is to say, ____方法_____.模板四谚语警句型议论文It is well know to us that the proverb: " ___谚语_______" has a profound significance and value not only in our job but also in our study. It means ____谚语的含义_______. The saying can be illustrated through a series of examples as follows. ( also theoretically ) A case in point is ___例子一______. Therefore, it is goes without saying that it is of great of importance to practice the proverb ____谚语_____.With the rapid development of science and technology in China, an increasing number of people come to realize that it is also of practical use to stick to the saying: ____谚语_____. The more we are aware of the significance of this famous saying, the more benefits we will get in our daily study and job.常用词语First, ...Second, ...Third,... 首先，……其次，……再次……Firstly/Secondly/Thirdly 首先/其次/再次for one thing..., for another... 一方面……，另一方面……，in the first/second/third place 首先/其次/再次on the one hand/on the other hand 一方面/另一方面similarly 相似地in the same manner 以相同的方式on the contrary 恰恰相反be compared to... 把……比作By contrast/comparison 对比之下comparing..with... 与……相比for my part 至于我last but not least 最后一个同样重要的eventually 最后finally 最后常用句型01开头1.Recently the phenomenon has become a heated topic. 最近，这一现象成为了一个热门话题。

专题17：名著阅读之《朝花夕拾》《朝花夕拾》里作者用夹叙夹议的方法，以青少年时代的生活经历为线索，真实生动地叙写了自己从农村到城镇，从家庭到社会，从国内到国外的一组生活经历，抒发了对往昔亲友和师长的怀念之情，同时也对旧势力、旧文化进行了嘲讽和抨击。

十篇中《狗·猫·鼠》、《阿长与》、《二十四孝图》、《五猖会》、《无常》、《从百草园到三味书屋》、《父亲的病》七篇，为回忆童年生活，让读者看到鲁迅先生故乡的民俗风情，也见到当时人心世道。

《琐记》《藤野先生》《范爱农》乃人生怀念文字。

1、《狗·猫·鼠》这篇文章作者清算猫的罪行，取了“猫”这样一个类型，尖锐而又形象地讽刺了生活中与猫相似的人。

2、《阿长与山海经》记述作者儿时与阿长相处的情景，描写了长妈妈善良、朴实而又迷信、唠叨、“满肚子是麻烦的礼节”的性格；对她寻购赠送自己渴求已久的绘图《山海经》之情，充满了尊敬和感激。

文章用深情的语言，表达了对这位劳动妇女的真诚的怀念。

3、《二十四孝图》重点描写了在阅读“老莱娱亲”和“郭巨埋儿”两个故事时所引起的强烈反感，揭露了封建孝道的虚伪和残酷，揭示了旧中国儿童的可怜的悲惨处境。

4、《五猖会》以赶会为背景，描写了封建制度对儿童天性的束缚和摧残。

5、《无常》这篇文章在回忆无常的时候，时不时加进几句对现实所谓正人君子的讽刺，虚幻的无常给予当时鲁迅寂寞悲凉的心些许的安慰。

6、《从百草园到三味书屋》描述了作者儿时在家中百草园得到的乐趣和在三味书屋读书严格但不乏乐趣的生活，揭示儿童广阔的生活趣味与束缚儿童天性的封建书塾教育的尖锐矛盾。

图片7、《父亲的病》重点回忆儿时为父亲延医治病的情景，描述了几位“名医”的行医态度、作风、开方等种种表现，揭示了这些人巫医不分、故弄玄虚、勒索钱财、草菅人命的实质。

8、《琐记》作者主要回忆了自己离开绍兴去南京求学的过程。

记述了最初接触进化论的兴奋心情和不顾老辈反对，如饥如渴地阅读《天演论》的情景，表现出探求真理的强烈欲望。

专题17：《得道多助，失道寡助》（原卷版）真题专练【12023年山东省聊城市中考语文真题】课内文言文阅读得道多助，失道寡助天时不如地利，地利不如人和。

三里之城，七里之郭，环而攻之而不胜。

夫环而攻之，必有得天时者矣，然而不胜者，是天时不如地利也。

城非不高也，池非不深也，兵革非不坚利也，米粟非不多也，委而去之，是地利不如人和也。

故日：域民不以封疆之界，固国不以山溪之险，成天下不以兵革之利。

得道者多助，失道者寡助。

寡助之至，亲感畔之；多助之至，天下顺之。

以天下之所顺，攻亲威之所畔，故君子有不战，战必胜矣。

（选自《孟子》》）6. 加点词语解释或用法不同的一项是（）A. 委而去．之一狼径去．B.威天下不以．兵革之利皆以．美于徐公C. 七里之郭．出郭．相扶将D. 是．天时不如地利也是．故学然后知不足7. 翻译句子。

故君子有不战，战必胜矣。

8. 举例证明“得道者多助，失道者寡助”这一观点。

【22023年黑龙江省大庆市中考语文真题】选出下列加点虚词含义、用法相同．．的一项（）A. 有仙则．名险躁则．不能治性（《诫子书》）B. 无丝竹之．乱耳环而攻之．而不胜（《得道多助，失道寡助》）C. 旧南阁子也．当余之从师也．（《送东阳马生序》）D. 以．当南日不以．物喜，不以己悲（《岳阳楼记》）【32023年四川省成都市中考语文真题】下列语句中加点词的意义和用法相同的一项是（）A. 中峨冠而．多髯者为东坡足肤皲裂而．不知B. 左臂挂念珠倚之．域民不以封疆之．界（《得道多助，失道寡助》）C. 相与步于．中庭行者休于．树D. 何．处无竹柏水何．澹澹【42023年湖北省潜江、天门、仙桃、江汉油田中考语文真题】下列句子中加点词语意义和用法相同．．的一项是（）A. 项伯畔．楚而归汉攻亲戚之所畔．（《得道多助，失道寡助》）B. 辄引．车避道属引．凄异C. 异一夫之．用又间令吴广之．次所旁丛祠中D. 以．佐国安人先帝不以．臣卑鄙【52023年广东省广州市中考语文真题】根据课本，补写出下列名篇名句中的空缺部分。

17 作文1．【2022春·江苏盐城·八年级校联考期中】按要求写作。

平凡的校园一隅、偏僻的小路尽头、简陋的街头小摊……你可曾留意过？在这些不被人们注意的角落里，往往也有温暖的故事，这些故事也许会让你惊讶、感动，甚至震撼。

请以“藏在角落里的温暖”为题，写一篇文章。

要求：（1）表达自己的真情实感；（2）诗歌除外，文体不限，不少于600字；（3）文中不得出现真实的人名、校名和地名。

2.【2022春·广西北海·八年级统考期中】人生最美是遇见。

月遇见了水，便有了镜中月；水遇见了花，便有了水中花；花遇见了蝶，便有了婀娜。

遇见是美，是光，是缘，是美好与美好的碰撞……千万次美丽的遇见，定格了无数次动人的瞬间。

请以“遇见”为话题，叙写你的故事。

要求：①结合自己的生活体验，感情真挚，不得抄袭；②文中不得出现真实的校名、人名等信息；③不少于600字。

3．【2022春·广西桂林·八年级统考期中】按要求作文。

对于鲁迅来说，藤野先生是他求学路上的那束光；对于朱德来说，母亲是他成长路上的那束光……在每个人的人生的历程中，总有一个人是我们的那束光。

在你的人生历程中，谁又是你的那束光呢？请以《你是我的那束光》为题，写一篇记叙文。

要求：（1）不少于500字。

（2）不得出现真实的学校名和人名。

（3）有真情实感，不得套写抄袭，用现行规范的汉语言文字表达。

4．【2022春·安徽宿州·八年级统考期中】按要求作文生命像东流的春水，一路欢歌，一路奔流。

在我们的生命里，有给予力量的父母，有启迪智慧的老师，有温暖相伴的同学，还有引领成长的书籍，鼓舞人生的伟人……他们让我们学会了思考，学会了挑战，学会了珍惜……也因此点亮了我们。

请以《__________，点亮了我的青春》为题目，写一篇记叙文。

提示与要求：（1）请先在横线上补充一个恰当的词；（2）自选文体，自定立意；（3）抄袭是不良行为，请不要照搬别人的文章。

第3章生命活动的调节专题17 激素调节类型一植物的感应性 (2)类型二植物激素调节 (5)类型三人体的激素调节 (9)【方法归纳】1.植物常见的感应性所谓感应性就是植物感受刺激并作出反应的特性。

它的表现形式有向性运动和感性运动。

①向性运动：植物体上的某些器官受到刺激能发生移动，其特点有：不可逆、缓慢发生，与刺激方向有关等，如：向光性、向地性、向水性、向肥性、向触性等；②感性运动：指外界因素均匀地作用于整体植物或某些器官所引起的运动，其特点有：会恢复到原本的状态(即可逆)、快速、与刺激方向无关等，如：感震性、感触性等。

2.植物激素在植物体内合成并运输到作用部位，对植物体的生命活动产生显著调节作用的物质，称为植物激素。

如当单侧光照射植物时，植物产生的生长素会在植物体内分布不均匀，从而产生向光性生长。

(1)生长素①达尔文等科学家通过植物向光性实验提出猜想：在单侧光的照射下，胚芽的尖端可能会产生某种物质，该物质对胚芽生长会产生影响。

郭葛等人从植物中提取了这种物质，称为生长素；②生长素的作用：能促进植物的生长、扦插枝条生根、果实的发育、防止落花落果；③生长素的特点：具有两重性。

低浓度的生长素能促进植物生长，高浓度的生长素则会抑制植物生长。

植物不同部位对生长素的敏感性是不同的。

(2)其他植物激素赤霉素：高等植物中的赤霉素主要存在于幼根、幼叶、幼嫩种子和果实等部位。

赤霉素还可促进发育和单性结实，打破块茎和种子的休眠，促进发芽。

细胞分裂素：高等植物细胞分裂素存在于植物的根、叶、种子、果实等部位。

细胞分裂素的主要生理作用是促进细胞分裂和防止叶子衰老。

可用于防止脱落，促进单性结实、疏花疏果、插条生根，防止马铃薯发芽等方面。

脱落酸：脱落酸存在于植物的叶、休眠芽、成熟种子中。

主要作用：抑制细胞分裂，促进叶和果实的衰老和脱落，抑制种子萌发。

乙烯：乙烯广泛存在于植物的各种组织、器官中。

主要作用：促进果实成熟，促进器官脱落和衰老。

专题17 溶液、溶液组成的表示及配制1．【2019年广西省梧州市】下列生活中常见的物质，分别取少量放入水中，不能形成溶液的是A．食醋B．食盐C．白糖D．植物油2．【2019年云南省】把少量的下列物质分别放入水中，充分搅拌，能形成溶液的是A．面粉B．蔗糖C．花生油D．泥土3．【2019年河南省】实验室用氯化钠配制50 g质量分数为6%的氯化钠溶液。

下列说法中不正确的是A．所需氯化钠的质量为3 gB．氯化钠放在托盘天平的左盘称量C．俯视量筒读数会使所配溶液偏稀D．所需玻璃仪器有烧杯、玻璃棒、量筒等4．【2019年云南省昆明市】把少量下列物质分别放入水中，充分搅拌，不能得到溶液的是A．冰糖B．味精C．芝麻油D．葡萄糖5．【2019年辽宁省葫芦岛市】把少量下列物质分别放入足量的水中充分搅拌，可以得到溶液的是A．白糖B．泥沙C．牛奶D．花生油6．【2019年山西省】配制50 g质量分数5%的KNO3溶液，作为无土栽培所需的营养液，溶解过程中KNO3的质量分数随时间变化关系如图所示，观察图像，分析形成这种结果的原因是A．所用KNO3固体中含有水分B．量筒量水时俯视刻度线C．KNO3固体溶解前所用烧杯内有水D．配好的溶液装瓶时部分液体洒落在试剂瓶外7．【2019年天津市】下列有关说法正确的是A．高钙豆奶粉中的“钙”指的是单质B．化学反应伴随着能量变化，燃料燃烧时一定放出热量C．洗涤剂能洗掉餐具上的油污，因为洗涤剂能溶解油污形成溶液D．金刚石、石墨和C60都是由碳原子构成的单质，它们的结构不同但性质相同8．【2019年重庆市B】用硫酸钠固体配制质量分数为5%的硫酸钠溶液时，一般不会用到的仪器是A．B．C．D．9．【2019年江苏省苏州市】下列说法正确的是A．均一、稳定的液体都是溶液B．溶质均以离子形式分散到溶剂中C．同一温度下，硝酸钾的饱和溶液比不饱和溶液浓D．饱和溶液析出晶体后溶质质量分数一定变小10．【2019年江苏省苏州市】实验室配制50 g溶质质量分数为15%的氯化钠溶液。

2021年（高|考）试题1.【2021·全国新课标I】根据短文内容,从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最|正确选项,选项中有两项为多余选项.Secret codes (密码)keep messages private .Banks, companies, and government agencies use secret codes in doing business, especially when information is sent by computer.People have used secret codes for thousands of years. 36 Code breaking never lags(落后) far behind code making. The science of creating and reading coded messages is called cryptography.There are three main types of cryptography. 37 For example, the first letters of "My elephant eats too many eels〞Spell out the hidden message "Meet me.〞38 You might represent each letter with a number, For example, Let ,s number the letters of the alphabet, in order, from 1 to 26. If we substitute a number for each letter, the message "Meet me〞would read "13 5 20 135.〞A code uses symbols to replace words, phrases, or sentences. To read the message of a real code, you must have a code book. 39 For example "bridge " might stand for "meet〞and "out〞might stand for "me.〞The message "bridge out〞would actually mean "Meet me.〞40 However, it is also hard to keep a code book secret for long. So codes must be changed frequently.A.It is very hard to break a code without the code book.B.In any language, some letters are used more than others.C.Only people who know the keyword can read the message.D.As long as there have been codes, people have tried to break them.E.You can hide a message by having the first letters of each word spell it out.F.With a code book, you might write down words that would stand for other words.G.Another way to hide a message is to use symbols to stand for specific letters of the alphabet.2.【2021·全国新课标II】根据短文内容,从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最|正确选项.选项中有两项为多余选项.A garden that ,s just right for youHave you ever visited a garden that seemed just right for you, where the atmosphere of the garden appeared to total more than the sum(总和) of its parts? 16 . But it doesn ,t happen by accident. It starts with looking inside yourself and understanding who you are with respect to the natural world and how you approach the gardeningprocess.●___17Some people may think that a garden is no more than plants, flowers, patterns and masses of color. Others are concerned about using gardening methods that require less water and fewer fertilizers(肥料). 18 . However, there are a number of other reasons that might explain why you want to garden. One of them comes from our earliest years.●Recall(回忆)your childhood memoriesOur model of what a garden should be often goes back to childhood. Grandma ,s rose garden and Dad ,s veget able garden might be good or bad, but that ,s not what ,s important. 19 - -how being in those gardens made us feel. If you ,d like to build a powerful bond with your garden, start by taking some time to recall the gardens of your youth. 20 then go outside and work out a plan to translate your childhood memories into your grown -up garden. Have fun.A. Know why you gardenB. Find a good place for your own gardenC. It ,s our experience of the garden that mattersD. It ,s delightful to see so many beautiful flowersE. Still others may simply enjoy being outdoors and close to plantsF. You can produce that kind of magical quality in your own garden, tooG. For each of those gardens, writer down the strongest memory you have3.【2021·全国新课标III】根据短文内容 ,从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最|正确选项 .选项中有两项为多余选项 .Everyone knows that fish is good for health. 16 But it seems that many people don ,t cook fish at home. Americans eat only about fifteen pounds of fish per person per year, but we eat twice as much fish in restaurants as at home. Buying, storing, and cooking fish isn ,t difficult. 17 This text is about how to buy and cook fish in an easy way.18 Fresh fish should smell sweet: you should feel that you ,re standing at the ocean ,s edge. Any fishy or strong smell means the fish isn ,t fresh. 19 When you have bought a fish and arrive home, you ,d better store the fish in the refrigerator if you don ,t cook it immediately, but fresh fish should be stored in your fridge for only a day or two. Frozen fish isn ,t as tasty as the fresh one.There are many common methods used to cook fish. 20 First,lean it and season it with your choice of spices(调料).Put the whole fish on a plate and steam it in a steam pot for 8 to 10 minutes if it weighs about one pound.(A larger one will take more time.) Then, it ,s ready to serve.A. Do not buy it.B. The easiest is to steam it.C. This is how you can do it.D. It just requires a little knowledge.E. The fish will go bad within hours.F. When buying fish, you should first smell it.G.The fats in fish are thought to help prevent heart disease.4.【2021·北京】根据短文内容,从短文后的七个选项中选出正确的填入空白处.选项中有两项为多余选项 .The Science of Risk -SeekingSometimes We decide that a little unnecessary danger is worth it because when we weigh the risk and the reward, the risk seems worth taking. 71 Some of us enjoy activities that would surprise and scare the rest of us. Why? Experts say it may have to do with how our brains work.The reason why any of us take any risks at all might have to do with early humans. R isk -takers were better at hunting, fighting, or exploring. 72 As the quality of Risk -taking was passed from on ration to the next, humans ended up with a sense of adventure and a tolerance for risk.So why aren ,t we all jumping out of airplanes then? Well, even 200,000 years ago, too much risk -taking could get one Killed. A few daring survived, though, along with a few stay -in -the -cave types. As a result, humans developed a range of character types that still exists today. So maybe you love car racing, or maybe you hate it.73No matter where you are on the risk -seeking range, scientists say that your willingness to take risks increases during your teenage years. 74 To help you do that, your brain increases your hunger for new experiences. New experiences often mean taking some risks, so your brain raises your tolerance for risk as well.Mean taking some risks, so your brain raisers your tolerance for risk as well.75 For the risk -seekers a part of the brain related to pl easure becomes active, while for the rest of us, a part of the brain related to fear becomes active.As experts continue to study the science of risk -seeking, we ,ll continue to hit the mountains, the waves or the shallow end of the pool.A. It all depends on your character.B. Those are the risks you should jump to take.C. Being better at those things meant a greater chance of survival.D. Thus, these well -equipped people survived because they were the fittest.F. However, we are not all using the same reference standard to weigh risks and rewards.G. New brain research suggests our brains work differently when we face a nervous situation.5.【2021·四川】根据短文内容,从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最|正确选项.选项中有两项为多余选项.Both men and women are living longer these days in industrialized countries. 16 In general, they can expect to live six or seven years more than men. One reason for this is biological.One important biological factor that helps women live longer is the difference in hormones between men and women. 17 Between the ages of about 12 and 50, women produce hormones that are involved in fertility(生育能力). These hormones also have a positive effect on the heart and blood flow. In fact, women are less likely to have high blood pressure or to die from heart attacks.18 They help the body defend itself against some kinds of infections. This means that women generally ger si ck less often and less seriously than men. The common cold is a good example: women, on average, get fewer cold s than men.19 Scientists are still not exactly sure how influence aging, but they believe that they do. Some think t hat a woman ,s body cells have a tendency(向) to age more slowly than a man ,s. Others think that a man ,s body ce lls have a tendency to age more quickly. 20A．However, women, on average, live longer.B .The biological factor plays an important part.C. Women are also helped by their female genes.D. The female hormones also protect the body in another way.E. Recent research seems to support both of these possibilities.F. Therefore, women are more healthy than men and can live a better life.G. Hormones are chemicals which are produced by the body to control carious body functions.2021年（高|考）试题阅读新题型1.【2021·北京卷】第二节(共5 小题；每题2 分.共10 分) 根据短文内容,从短文后的七个选项中选出正确的填入空白处.选项中有两项为多余选项.This Way to DreamlandDaydreaming means people think about something pleasant, especially when this makes them forget what they should be doing. Daydreamers have a bad reputation for being unaware of what ,s happening around them. They can seem forgetful and clumsy._71__They annoy us because they seem to be ignoring us and missing the important things.But daydreamers are also responsible for some of the greatest ideas and achievements in human history. __72__ Can you imagine what kind of world we would have without such ideas and inventions?So how can you come up with brilliant daydreams and avoid falling over tree roots or otherwise looking like a fool? First, understand that some opportunities(时机) for daydreaming are better than others. Feeling safe and relaxed will help you to slip into daydreams.__73_ And if you want to improve your chances of having a creative idea while you ,re daydreaming, try to do it while you are involved in another task -preferably something simple, like taking a shower or walking, or even making meaningless drawings.Always remember that your best ideas might come when your head is actually in the clouds.A. Having interesting things to think about also helps.B. They stare off into space and wander by themselves.C. Without wandering minds, we wouldn ,t have relatively, Coke or Post -it notes.D. At one time, daydreaming was thought to be a cause of some mental illnesses.E. It involves slow, steady breathing for self -control that helps people stay calm and attentive.F. Daydreams are often very simple and direct, quite unlike sleep dreams, which may be hard to understand.G. Therefore, it ,s a good idea to keep a notebook or voice recorder nearby when you ,re in the daydream zone.2.【2021·新课标全国II】根据短文内容,从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最|正确选项.选项中有两项为多余选项.Training for a marathon requires careful preparation and steady, gradual increases in the length of the runs.36 , buy the best -fitting running shoes you can find. No one can say which brand will work best for you or feel best on your feet, so you have to rely on your experience and on the feel of each pair as you shop. When you have found shoes that seem right, walk in them for a few days to double -check the fit. 37 . As always, you should stretch(伸展) at least ten minutes before each run to prevent injuries.During the first week, do not think about distance, but run five minutes longer each day. 38 , it is wise to take a day off to rest. But during the next week, set a goal of at least a mile and a half per run. 39 . After two weeks, start timing yourself. 40 . Depending on the kind of race you plan to enter, you can set up atimetable for the remaining weeks before the race.A.For a good marathon runnerB.Before you begin your trainingC.With each day, increase the distance by a half mileD.If they still feel good, you can begin running in themE.Time spent for preparation raises the quality of trainingF.Now you are ready out a goal of improving distance and time3.【2021·新课标全国I】根据短文内容,从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最|正确选项,选项中有两项为多余选项.Building Trust in a Relationship AgainTrust is a le arned behavior that we gain from past experiences, 36 .Trust is a risk. But you can ,t be successful when there ,s a lack of trust in a relationship that results from an action where the wrongdoer takes no responsibility to fix the mistake.Unfortunately, we ,ve all been victims of betrayal. Whether we ,ve been stolen from, lied to , misled, or cheated on, there are different levels of losing trust. Sometimes people simply can ,t trust anymore, 37. It ,s understandable, but if you ,re willing to build trust in a relationship again, we have some steps you can take to get you there.●38 having confidence in yourself will help you make better choices because you can see what the best outcome would be for your well -being.●39 If you ,ve been betrayed, you are the victim of your circumstance. But there ,s a difference between being a victim and living with a "victim mentality〞. At some point in all of our lives, we ,ll have our trust tested or violated.●You didn ,t lose "everything〞. Once trust is lost, what is left? Instead of looking at the situation from this hopeless angle, look at everything you still have and be thankful for all of the good in your life. 40 instead, it ,s a healthy way to work through the experience to allow room for positive growth and forgiveness.A.Learn to really trust yourself.B.It is putting confidence in someone.C.Stop regarding yourself as the victim.D.Remember that you can expect the best in return.E.They ,ve been too badly hurt and they can ,t bear to let it happen again.F.This knowledge carries over in their attitude toward their future relationships.G.Seeing the positive side of things doesn ,t mean you ,re ignoring what happened.2021年（高|考）试题【2021·北京卷】(共 5 小题；每题2 分.共10 分) 根据短文内容,从短文后的七个选项中选出正确的填入空白处.选项中有两项为多余选项.Evaluating Sources (来源) of health InformationMaking good choices about your own health requairs reasonable evaluation. A key first step in bettering your evaluation ability is to look carefully at your sources of healthy information. Resonable evaluation includes knowing where and how to fins relevant information, how to separate fact from opinions, how to recognize poor reasoning, and how to analyze information and the reliability of sources. 71Go to the original source. Media reports often simplify the results of medical research. Find out for yourself what a study really reported, and determin whether it was based on good science. Think about the type of study.73Watch for misleading language. Some studies will find that a behaviour "contributes to〞or is "associated with〞an outcome; this does not mean that a certain course must lead to a certain result. 73 Carefully read or listen to information in order to fully understand it.Use your common sense. Ifa report seems too good to be true, probably it is. Be especially careful of information contained in advertisements. 74 Evaluate "scientific〞statements carefully, and be aware of quackery(江湖骗术).75 Friends and family members can be a great source of ideas and inspiration, but each of us needs to find a healthy lifestyle that works for us.Developing the ability to evaluate reasonably and independently about the health problems will serve you well throughout your life.B. The goal of an ad is to sell you something.C. Be sure to work through the critical questions.D. And examine the findings of the original research.E. Distinguish between research reports and public health advice.F. Be aware that information may also be incorrectly explained by an author ,s point of view.G. The following suggestions can help you sort through the health information you receive from common sources.【2021·辽宁卷】根据短文内容,从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最|正确选项,并在答题卡上将该项涂黑.选项中有两项为多余选项.Eyesight plays a very important role in our daily life. Every waking moment, the eyes are working to see the world around us. Over forty percent of Americans worry about losing eyesight, but it's easy to include steps into our daily life to ensure healthy eyes. Here are five suggestions for a lifetime of healthy eyesight:· Schedule yearly exams. 36 Experts advise parents to bring babies 6 to 12 months of age to the doctor for a careful check. The good news is that millions of children now can have yearly eye exams and following treatment, including eyeglasses.· Protect against UV rays (紫外线). Long -term stay in the sun creates risk to your eyes. No matter what the season is, it's extremely important to wear sunglasses.37Give your eyes a break. Two -thirds of Americans spend up to seven hours a day using computers or other digital products. 38 Experts recommend that peopl e practice the 20/20/20 rule: every 20 minutes, take a 20 -second break and look at something 20 feet away.·39 As part of a healthy diet, eat more fruits and vegetables each day. Vitamins (维生素) C and E help protect eyesight and promote eye health.·Practice safe wear and care of contact lenses (隐形眼镜). Many Americans use contact lenses to improve their eyesight. While some follow the medical guidance for wearing contact lenses, many are breaking the rules and putting their eyesight at risk. 40 Otherwise, you may have problems such as red eyes, pain in the eyes, or a more serious condition.A. Eat your greens.B. Eye care should begin early in life.C. They can properly protect your eyes.D. Stay in good shape by taking more vitamins.E. Parents usually don ,t care about their own eyesight.F. Always follow the doctor ,s advice for appropriate wear.G. This frequent eye activity increases the risk for eye tiredness.【2021·全国新课标I】(共3小题,每题3分,总分值15分)根据短文内容,从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最|正确选项,选项中有两项为多余选项.The jobs of the future have not been invented,36By helping them develop classic skills that will serve them well no matter what the future holds.1. CuriosityYour children need to be deeplycurious.37Ask kids, "What ingredients(配料)can we add to make these pancakes even better next time〞and then try them out. Did those ingredients make the pancakes better? What could we try next time?2. CreativityTrue creativity is the ability to take something existing and create something new from it.38There are a dozen different things you can do with them. Experimenting with materials to create something new can go a long way in helping them develop their Creativity.3. Interpersonal SkillsUnderstanding how others feel can be a challenge for kids. We know what is goingoninsideourown head, but what about other s? Being able to read people helps kids from misreading a situation and jumping to false conclusions.39 "Why do you think she is crying?〞"Can you tell how that man is feeling by looking at his face?〞"If someone were to do that to you, how would you feel?〞4. Self Expression40There are many ways to express thoughts and ideas¡ªmusic, acting, drawing, building, photography. You may find that your child is attracted by one more than another.A. Encourage kids to cook with you.B. And we can ,t forget science education.C. We can give kids chances to think about materials in new ways.D. So how can we help our kids prepare for jobs that don ,t yet exist?E. Gardening is another great activity for helping kids develop this skill.F. We can do this in real life or ask questions about characters in stories.G. Being able to communicate ideas in a meaningful way is a valuable skill.[2021·新课标全国卷Ⅱ] 根据短文内容,从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最|正确选项.选项中有两项为多余选项.Tips for cooking on a tight scheduleFrom my experience, there are three main reasons why people don't cook more often: ability, money, and time. __36__ Money is a topic I'll save for another day. So today I want to give you some wisdom about how to make themost of the time you spend in the kitchen. Here are three tips for great cooking on a tight schedule：1. Think ahead. The moments when I think cooking is a pain are when I'm already hungry and there's nothing ready to eat. So think ahead of the coming week. When will you have time to cook? Do you have the right materials already? __37__A. Try new things.B. Ability is easily improved.D. Understand your food better.E. Cooking is a burden for many people.F. Let cooking and living simply be a joy rather than a burden.G. A little time planning ahead can save a lot of work later on.学科网（高|考）一轮复习微课视频观看地址：。

专题17 阅读理解之议论文类【要点提炼】考点扫描近几年随着中考改革的不断深入，阅读理解题更强调对阅读速度、知识面和理解能力的考查，试题变得越来越灵活，形式更加多样化，内容涉及政治、经济、文化、历史、人物、科普、新闻、广告甚至图表。

在各类体裁中，议论文是考生较容易失分的文体，因其信息量大，选材偏离生活常识，阅读量大。

阅读本身要求速度快，议论文中词汇、句式又高级复杂，因此，学生在扩大视野、拓展知识面的同时，有必要掌握一些议论文的阅读解题技巧，这样才能在阅读理解这个重头戏中多拿分。

议论文往往有观点，有事实，逻辑性强，命题往往从事实的有关细节及文章的主旨或作者的表达意图等方面着手，考查我们的思维能力和判断能力。

所以我们要培养根据.上下文猜词的能力，根据情境猜测作者意图的能力。

议论文同其他体裁的文章-样，可以有主旨大意题、细节理解题、推理判断题、词义猜测题等几种出题方式。

做题技巧与策略一、重视文章标题，找准全文主题句，把握文章主旨标题往往是全文的主题，审视标题，有利于理解全文，提高解题效率。

主题句对全文起提示、启迪、概括归纳的作用。

根据主题句既可以知道文章议论的是什么，也可以知道作者希望读者了解的是与主题相关的哪些内容。

二、细读文章，注意文章细节理解细节题的破解一般用寻读法，即先看试题，再读文章。

对有关信息进行快速定位，再将相关信息进行整合、分析、对比，有根据地排除干扰项，再选出正确答案。

三、理解整体语篇，掌握作者意图英语文章讲究使用主题段与主题句，段与段之间通常有词语连接，承上启下。

有时文章还会在时间顺序、空间顺序或逻辑推理上运用较高级的手段进行组编。

要想准确、深刻地理解文章，必须对文章的结构有所了解，把握全篇的文脉，即句内、句间和段落间的修辞手段或逻辑关系。

因此，这类试题要求考生利用主题句进行推测，揣摩文字背后作者的意图，运用背景知识去挖掘文章的深层含义，从而正确理解作者的言外之意，同时认真体会文章的语气与感情基调。