心理防御机制（Psychological defense mechanism）[recommendation] 101 psychological defense mechanismsPsychological defense mechanism is the school of psychoanalysis. A psychological mechanism that is used to avoid interference and to maintain a psychological balance when the individual is disturbed. It was first proposed by Freud. It is often used unconsciously. Such as suppression, suppression, denial, projection, transfer, decoration, dissolving,self-settlement, compensation.The self-defence mechanism has several characteristics:(1) the defense mechanisms are not intentional, they are unconscious or at least partially unconscious. While we often do some conscious effort, the real defense mechanism is unconscious.(2) the defense mechanism protects itself and protects itself from harm by supporting self-esteem or self-improvement. From its function and nature, it can be divided into active defense mechanism and passive defense mechanism.(3) the defense mechanism seems to have the nature ofself-deception, namely to disguise or disguise our true motives, or to deny the existence of impulses, actions, or memories that may cause anxiety. Therefore, the self-defence mechanism is to defend oneself from anxiety by distorting perception, memory, action, motivation and thinking, or by completely blocking a psychological process. In fact, it is also a psychological self-protection act.(4) the defense mechanism itself is not pathological. Instead, they play an important role in maintaining normal mental health. But the result of the change of normal defense function can cause psychological pathology.(5) the defense mechanism can be expressed singly or overlapped. For example, one worker was criticized by the group leader in the workshop and said, "I don't care!" Then in the work intentionally and unintentionally fall, to make the waste to eliminate the anger of the heart, is to rationalize and the double effect of the anger.The approximate sequence of development appears1. Oral sex period: 0 -- 3 years oldProjection: you add your stuff to others.002, injective: you form an image of someone else.003, illusion: you see or hear what you want to hear or see - desire, comment, imagination, or criticism - without a reality check.2. Anal sex period: 1.5 to 5 years old004. Projective identification: three modes of use.A) projecting so much of himself to others that he or she has changed greatly;B) stimulate other people to produce your unpleasant emotions (" partner in pain ")C) stimulate other people to produce your unpleasant feelings, and make this person treat you like the one who made you unhappy.005. Projective criticism: you unfairly blame others for your own problems.006. Denial: suppose you feel the reality yourself:A) essential negation: although there is a clear existence, there is still denial.B) denial in action: symbolically speaking, "that dirty reality is not true!"C) denial of fantasy: to hold on to incorrect beliefs, so you don't want to see reality.D) verbal denial: use special words to convince yourself that reality is false.James Bond, the loss of distinction (self - object chaos) : you become the person that someone else wants you to be.008 divided: you think some people are totally hateful, others are totally cute. Or, you now hate the devil you loved.The panpsychism: you give human attributes to non-humans.Go to life: the person you see is not a person, so you don't have to worry.011. Reverse formation: you have the opposite feeling.012, offset and ritual: you do things that violate your conscience. Or you do something that makes you feel guilty, as a way of making up for yourself and punishing yourself in another symbolic form.Isolation (emotion) : you don't pay attention to your emotions.014, externalizing: you think "society" criticizes you, but actually you feel guilty.Turn to yourself: you get angry with someone, attack or kill yourself.016. Negativity: you refuse to cooperate and treat others with humility.Compartmentalization: you limit yourself by establishing relationships.018 hostile attack: you enter into a fight to hide unpleasant feelings.First genital stage: 2-6 years oldReplace: you feel close to one person but turn to another personor state.020, symbolic: you give some psychological function to make unreasonable sense.Condensation: you bring disparate ideas together and make them whole.Fantasy formation or daydream: you continue to fantasize about some sad or happy scene and know it's a fantasy.023: you lie for a purpose and for a reason.Small talk: you lie about what you don't know to reduce your low self-esteem.Suppression: you forget the idea that you shouldn't forget.Negative fantasy: you turn a blind eye to the disaster that happened to you.Libido suppresses (mental sexual repression) : you are afraid of sex or assertiveness, so you become dependent (mouth) or stubborn.028 self-suppression: three ways to use itA) one kind of function is interfered with: your ego function or self-strength stops working, so you can't feel the unpleasant result of something;B) return to early defense mechanisms: you begin to use the early defensive mechanisms of mental development;C) ineffective defense: your defenses can't sever your emotions, and such failure can lessen your guilt by punishing you.Reality check: you focus on the past and don't think about conflict.030 morphological depression: you avoid painful reality by dreaming.Suppression: you have a destination to try to forget.032. To fantasy identity: you act like the hero you like.033, to parents' subconscious and conscious hopes and fantasies: what your parents forbid you to do, to take their depraved desires into action and be punished.034 identify with an ideal image or object: you think and act like a person who you think is great.035. Identify with the attacker: you mistreat a person, because someone has abused you; It makes you feel no pain.036 to identify with the victim:Identify with the object of loss: you act like a loved one you have lost. If you always collect his souvenirs and never grieve, you are in the "assured pathologic sadness".038, identify with internal projective: you make internal projective part of your superego.Temptation attacker: you lure others through pornography or flattery to allay fears.Iv. Incubation period: 6 -- 11 years oldSublimation: you actively participate in an activity that can make your dreams come true at a symbolic level.Challenge: you tempt others to have sex or punish you, or both.Rationalization: you find an excuse to relieve tension, usually after denying some reality.You "over-analyze" and "futility" to try to solve the problem.Inverse homophobia: the more you fear, the more you do.045. Intellectualization: you are inspired by a particular behavior theory.Socialization and alienation: you use your social skills to keep you away from painful thoughts.The instinct for self-function: you give a kind ofself-function to a symbolic meaning. For example, "washing the dishes is a woman's thing," which is unreasonably equating a particular job with gender.048. Suppression of a certain self-function: you turn your self-function into an instinct and feel the impact of your guilt, so you turn off the function. For example, you can't read because reading is equivalent to prohibited sex.Idealization: you overestimate someone because --A) narcissism: alleviating the stigma associated with not being perfect;B) narcissism: you combine this person with your high self image (self object).C) love: avoid experiencing disappointment;D) empathy: they are like your perfect parents when you were a child.Belittling: you look down on someone to protect yourself-esteem.5. Adolescence and post-adolescence - the second genital phase (13-20 years)051. Humor: you're funny to avoid painful emotions.Be specific: you stop using abstract thought (which you have); You condemn some kind of "chemical imbalance", or look for a virus to avoid thinking about relationships that frustrate you.Anti-identity: you try to be different from your parents.054, small group formation: you are in the crowd to resist impulse.Abstinence: you avoid interacting with people.056. Same-sex object choice: your same-sex partner reduces your fear of gay stimulation.Vi. Miscellaneous:057, one kind of emotional confrontation another: you focus on one emotion and avoid the other.058. Excessive abstraction: you abuse theory. If you deny or rebuild reality, you may be mentally ill.Silence: you stop talking to avoid being caught.Talkativeness: you talk too much without taking care of the occasion and the topic.Avoid: you are far from certain environments that create conflict.062 passive: when confronted with an attack, you automatically choose a compliant or weak attitude.You are god's gift to the earth and have magical powers.064 passive to the initiative: "you can't fire with me; I'm gone!" You control your own lies.Somatization: you focus on your body to avoid the conflict of desire, sex and hatred.Normalizing: you are normal to be sure that you are not looking for your obvious mental symptoms.Dramatization: you put your emotions into your words to mitigate the conflict of interest.Impulsiveness: you relieve tension or unpleasant emotions with sex, eating or hatred.Substance abuse: you use a substance to quell unpleasant feelings.070. Attachment: seize a person who rejects you.Complaining: whining, you can't see your baby's wish to be taken care of.Pseudo independence: you become a lone ranger, not allowing anyone to help you.Pathological altruism: actually projecting and identifying the victim -- you deny the desire to have an appetite, project it to the poor, and then replace it with the feeling of being nourished.Gas lamp: you cause other people's mental disorders, or believe that others are mentally disturbed.075. Minimize: you recognize the reality of pain, but you despise it.Exaggerate: you pay too much for something.077, universalization: don't hate someone, think of it as a member of the devil.Rebuild reality: after you deny reality, reinvent the scene.Transference: you transfer the memory of your past situations and relationships to a person in reality. Then you forget the past with the old defense, or control it through symbolic life or the consequences of changing it.You completely forget yourself; B) you ask someone to comment on you and then you reject his or her opinion.081. Photo horror: you dodge the light to avoid your voyeuristic impulses.Apathy: you have no interest in starting emotions.083. Bullying and bullying: you put others on alert to alleviate their anxiety.Lack of compensation: you reject people who are more integrated than you are.085. Psychic spasm: jitter to reduce tension or irritation.086 introspection: you are preoccupied with inner introspection to reduce tension, or to avoid external reality.087. Qualifying agreement: you partially agree to avoid resistance.Your emotional endurance and impulse control (muscle or sexual) are weaker, and you give it a gentle connotation.Disguise: you're lying. Maybe you're used to it090, overrealism: you use secondary processes to avoid emotions.Ambiguity: you hide details.You are addicted to beauty and truth to avoid reality and emotion.093. Glib: you talk fast, but the content is empty. Physical violence: you "discard the object" to end your hatred.095. Identity with the object of injury: you hurt a bird you know (sometimes loved) and then imitate it.Formal regression: you stop using logical, time-oriented thinking.097. Hypervigilance: you will always keep one eye open, although at times it is completely unnecessary.098, the reality is the future: you imagine "if..." "Or" someday..."099 fatigue: you feel tired, but you are not sick.Confession: you are sincere and blunt, but these mask your true thoughts and feelings.Turn your self-criticism into a critic: you criticize others, instead of blaming yourself.。
