高译教育-上海外国语大学英语翻硕百科单选样题

2016上海外国语大学翻译硕士-百科单选样题及参考答案单项选择（50分）01.北京奥运会开幕式上展示的巨大的“和”字，其蕴含的思想源自：____。

A.墨家B.道家C.儒家D.法家02.经济学上所推崇的“橄榄型”收入分配结构，是指低收入和高收入相对较少、中等收入，片绝大多数的分配结构。

我国正在采取措施，实施“提低、扩中、调高、打非、保困”的方针，使收入分配朝着“橄榄型”方向发展。

这主要是为了促进____。

A.生产的发展B.效率的提高C.社会的公平D.内需的扩大03.“中华人民共和国”这一国名最早是由____提出的。

A.张奚若B.任弼时C.毛泽东D.周恩来04.美丽奇特的“海市屋楼”是光的折射产生的一种现象，它通常发生在什么时候？A.春天B.夏天C.秋大D.冬天05.人们常说：“无事不登三宝殿”你知道“三宝”是指哪三宝？A.纸、砚、笔B.书、剑、琴C.佛、法、僧D.金、银、玉06.“信天游”是民歌的一种属山歌性质，曲调纯朴、高亢、悠民、节奏自由、你知道它流行于哪一带地方吗？A.华北B.西南C.陕北D.京津一带07.“心比天高，身为下贱”是《红楼梦》中对谁的判词？A.睛雯B.林黛玉C.薛宝钗D.于熙凤08.夏威夷之外，哪个州也是美国本土以外的州？A.阿拉斯加州B.德克萨斯州C.阿肯色州D.纽约州09.“白由女神像”是哪个国家送给美国的礼物？A.日本B.英国C.德国D.法国10.“山城”是我国哪座城市的雅号？A.洛阳B.西安C.重庆D.福州11.世界上现存最大的佛教艺术宝库是：____。

A.敦煌石窟B.云冈石窟C.龙门石窟D.大足石窟12.我国古代项羽“破釜沉舟”战胜秦军是在哪次战役？A.牧野之战B.巨鹿之战C.官渡之战D.昆阳之战13.标志着北宋诗文革新运动最高成就的作家是：____。

A.王安石B.苏轼C.范仲淹D.欧阳修14.____是建设有中国特色的社会主义理论的精髓。

A.一国两制B.以经济建设为中心C.坚持四项基本原则，坚持改革开放D.解决思想，实事求是15.以法律为准绳指的是：____。

上外高翻英语口译真题1、It was _____the policeman came_____the parents knew what had happened to their son. [单选题] *A.before…asB. until…whenC. not until…that(正确答案)D.until…that2、She _______ love cats, but one attacked her and she doesn’t like them anymore. [单选题]*A. got used toB. was used toC. was used forD. used to(正确答案)3、He asked for help from his friends who owned a computer company in New York. [单选题] *A. 拥有(正确答案)B. 经营C. 工作D. 了解4、There _______ some milk in the glass. [单选题] *A. is(正确答案)B. areC. haveD. has5、—______ you speak French?—Yes, I can.（）[单选题] *A. NeedB. Can(正确答案)C. MightD. Must6、There ______ a football match and a concert this weekend.（）[单选题] *A. isB. haveC. will be(正确答案)D. will have7、14．He is cutting the apple ________ a knife. [单选题] *A．inB．toC．with(正确答案)D．by8、It’s one of _______ means of transportation. [单选题] *A. cheapB. convenientC. second-handD. the most convenient(正确答案)9、Growing vegetables（）constantly watering. [单选题] *A. neededB. are neededC. were neededD. needs(正确答案)10、12．Who will ________ the Palace Museum after Shan Jixiang retires? [单选题] * A．in chargeB．in charge ofC．be in charge of (正确答案)D．be in the charge of11、Either you or the president（）the prizes to these gifted winners at the meeting. [单选题] *A. is handing outB. are to hand outC. are handing outD. is to hand out(正确答案)12、Have you kept in（）with any of your friends from college? [单选题] *A. contractB. contact(正确答案)C. continentD. touching13、( ) ____ eye exercises ___ good __ your eyes. [单选题] *A. Doing, is, for(正确答案)B. Doing, are, forC. Do, is, forD. Do, are, at14、We have made a _______ tour plan to Sydney. [单选题] *A. two dayB. two daysC. two-day(正确答案)D. two-days15、35．___________ good music the teacher is playing! [单选题] *A．What(正确答案)B．HowC．What aD．What the16、Becky is having a great time ______ her aunt in Shanghai. （）[单选题] *A. to visitB. visitedC. visitsD. visiting(正确答案)17、He’s so careless that he always _______ his school things at home. [单选题] *A. forgetsB. leaves(正确答案)C. putsD. buys18、I don’t like snakes, so I ______ read anything about snakes.（）[单选题] *A. alwaysB. usuallyC. oftenD. never(正确答案)19、You can borrow my book, _____ you promise to give it back to me by the end of this month. [单选题] *A.even ifB. as long as(正确答案)C. in caseD. even though20、The book is very _______. I’ve read it twice. [单选题] *A. interestB. interestedC. interesting(正确答案)D. interests21、My friends will _______ me at the airport when I arrive in London. [单选题] *A. takeB. meet(正确答案)C. receiveD. have22、The commander said that two _____ would be sent to the Iraqi front line the next day. [单选题] *A. women's doctorB. women doctorsC. women's doctorsD. women doctor(正确答案)23、E-mail is _______ than express mail, so I usually email my friends. [单选题] *A. fastB. faster(正确答案)C. the fastestD. more faster24、She’s _______ with her present _______ job. [单选题] *A. boring; boringB. bored; boredC. boring; boredD. bored; boring(正确答案)25、( ). The old man enjoys ______ stamps. And now he has1300 of them [单选题] *A. collectB. collectedC. collecting(正确答案)D. to collect26、My mother and my aunt are both _______. They work in a big supermarket. [单选题] *A. actressesB. doctorsC. salesmenD. saleswomen(正确答案)27、Yesterday I _______ a book.It was very interesting. [单选题] *A. lookedB. read(正确答案)C. watchedD. saw28、He was born in Canada, but he has made China his _______. [单选题] *A. familyB. addressC. houseD. home(正确答案)29、A small village cuts across the river. [单选题] *A. 切B. 穿过(正确答案)C. 划船D. 踢30、_____from far away, the 600-meter tower is stretching into the sky. [单选题] *A. SeeB. SeeingC. To seeD. Seen(正确答案)。

上外考研翻译硕士英语阅读理解单选模拟题The company that revolutionized the delivery of information now aims to do the same with electricity. Technology powerhouse Google today announced it would spend "tens of millions" of dollars next year in research and development and investments in an effort to drive down the cost of large-scale renewable energy to make it cheaper than coal. Not only will Google be hiring engineers and energy experts for its new initiative, known as RE<C (renewable energy at less cost than coal), but it also will make investments in fledgling companies—starting with those that focus on solar-thermal technology, enhanced geothermal, and high-altitude wind power. "Cheap renewable energy is not only critical for the environment but also vital for economic development in many places where there is limited affordable energy of any kind," said Sergey Brin, Google cofounder and president of technology, in a prepared statement.Coal supplies 40 percent of the world’s electricity and more than half of U.S. power, and if current trends continue, it is expected to grab an ever increasing share because it is a plentiful and cheap fuel for big consumers like China and the United States. But coal is also the worst fuel in its production of the global warming gas carbon dioxide. Google cofounder Larry Page said the company’s goal is to produce one gigawattof renewable energy capacity that is cheaper than coal within "years, not decades." Google says that’s enough electricity to power a city the size of San Francisco (about 330,000 households).Google, located in Mountain View, Calif., said it was initially working with two other California companies. They are eSolar, of Pasadena, which is specializing in solar-thermal power, using large fields of mirrors to concentrate sunlight and generate steam to run utility-scale electric turbines, and Makani of Alameda, which is developing wind energy technology that takes advantage of the much stronger and more reliable currents available at high altitudes.Google did not specify how much money it was putting into its projects with these companies but said they both had "promising scalable energy technologies." This portion of the initiative will be funded through the company’s philanthropic arm, , which is not a traditional charity but can make equity investments in companies. Brin and Page have pledged 1 percent of Google’s equity and profits toward efforts including climate change and global poverty.The RE<C program is the latest of a series of steps Google has taken on climate change. The company says it is on track in its goal to be carbon neutral in 2007. It installed one of the largest corporate solar panel installations anywhere, a 1.6-megawatt rooftop system on its Mountain View campus.The company also has a project to accelerate development and adoption of ultrahigh-efficiency plug-in hybrid cars. Google has been lobbying for inclusion of a nationwide renewable energy portfolio goal in the energy legislation currently under negotiation on Capitol Hill. And the company is working on an energy-efficient computing initiative with other Silicon Valley companies.1.The word “fledgling” (Line 7, Paragraph 1) most probably means_____[A] inexperienced.[B] promising.[C] new.[D] initiative.2. Which one of the following statements is TRUE of the coal?[A] It is a kind of controversial fuel given its large quantity and its harm to the harm the environment.[B] It is a plentiful and cheap fuel that will surely earn more market share.[C] It will be totally replaced by the renewable energy in years because it produces the worst gas—a carbon dioxide.[D] It is supported by enthusiastic countries like China and U.S.3. is a _____[A] conventional type of charity organization.[B] equity investor in companies.[C] a branch website of that focuses on charity activities.[D] environmental organization that specializes in promoting green fuel.4. Which one of the following is not TRUE of RE<C programme?[A] It will be realized through investments in solar and wind energy companies.[B] It is a programme of environmental protection.[C] It is one of the measures taken to neutralize carbon.[D] It can come into true in a few years.5. The best title of this passage is_____[A] Google’s RE<C programme.[B]Google, the Energy Revolutionary.[C] Google, the Environmental Protector.[D] Google’s Renewable Energy Project.文章剖析：这篇文章是有关Google公司在能源方面计划进行的一场革命，要用低廉的可再生能源来替代煤炭。

上海外国语大学2012年研究生入学考试英语翻译基础Ⅰ.Translate the following abbreviations and phrases into corresponding meanings. 30分英译汉 10 个 15 分1. Austerity measures2. UNSECO3. The US Senate4. APEC5. Washington Post6. NATO7. Arab Spring8. Gary Locke9. Reuters10. Wall Street Journal汉译英 10 个 15 分1. 十二五规划2. 十七届六中全会3. 全国人大4. 新华社5. 软实力6. 中美战略经济对话7. 上海合作组织8. 珠江三角洲9. “西气东输”10. 北京共识二篇章翻译英译汉 60 分翻译下面划线文章The great schools revolutionEducation remains the trickiest part of attempts to reform the public sector. But as ever more countries embark on it, somevital lessons are beginning to be learnedSep 17th 2011 | DRESDEN, NEW YORK AND WROCLAW| from the print editionFROM Toronto to Wroclaw, London to Rome, pupils and teachers have been returning to the classroom after their summer break. But this September schools themselves are caught up in a global battle of ideas. In many countrieseducation is at the forefront of political debate, and reformers desperate to improve their national performance are drawing examples of good practice from all over the world.Why now? One answer is the sheer amount of data available on performance, not just within countries but between them.In 2000 the Programme for International Student Assessment (PISA) at the OECD, a rich-country club, began tracking academic attainment by the age of 15 in 32 countries. Many were shocked by where they came in the rankings. (PISA’ s latest figures appear in table 1.) Other outfits, too, have been measuring how good or bad schools are. McKinsey, a consultancy, has monitored which education systems have improved most in recent years.Technology has also made a difference. After a number of false starts, many people now believe that the internet can make a real difference to educating children. Hence the success of institutions like America ’ s Kahn Academy (see article). Experimentation is also infectious; the more governments try things, the more others examine, and copy, the results.Above all, though, there has been a change in the quality of the debate. In particular, what might be called “ the three great excuses” for bad schools have receded in importance. Teachers ’ unions have long maintained that failures in Western education could be blamed on skimpy government spending, social class and cultures that did not value education. All these make a difference, but they do not determine outcomes by themselves.The idea that good schooling is about spending money is the one that has been beaten back hardest. Many of the 20 leading economic performers in the OECD doubled or tripled their education spending in real terms between 1970 and 1994, yet outcomes in many countries stagnated — or went backwards. Educational performance varies widely even among countries that spend similar amounts per pupil. Such spending is highest in the United States — yet America lags behind other developed countries on overall outcomes in secondary education. Andreas Schleicher, head of analysis at PISA, thinks that only about 10% of the variation in pupil performance has anything to do with money.Many still insist, though, that social class makes a difference. Martin Johnson, an education trade unionist, points to Britain’s “inequality between classes, which is among the largest in the wealthiest nations ” as the main reason why its pupils underperform. A review of reforms over the past decade by researchers at Oxford University supports him. “Despite rising attainment levels, ” it concludes, “ there has been little narrowing of longstanding and sizeable attainment gaps. Those from disadvantaged backgrounds remain at higher risks of poor outcomes.” American studies confirm the point; Dan Goldhaber of the University of Washington claims that “non-school factors”, such as family income, account for as much as 60% of a child’s performance in school.Yet the link is much more variable than education egalitarians suggest. Australia, for instance, has wide discrepancies of income, but came a creditable ninth in the most recent PISA study. China, rapidly developing into one of the world’s least equal societies, finished first.Culture is certainly a factor. Many Asian parents pay much more attention to their children’s test results than Western ones do, and push their schools to succeed. Singapore, HongKong and South Korea sit comfortably at the top of McKinsey’s rankings (see table 2). But not only do some Western countries do fairly well; there are also huge differences withinthem. Even if you put to one side the unusual Asians, as thisbriefing will now do, many Western systems could jumpforward merely by bringing their worst schools up to thestandard of their best.So what are the secrets of success? Though there is no one template, four important themes emerge: decentralisation (handing power back to schools); a focus on underachievingpupils; a choice of different sorts of schools; and high standards for teachers. These themes can all be traced in threeplaces that did well in McKinsey’s league: Ontario, Poland and Saxony.汉译英社会实践是法律的基础，法律是实践经验的总结、提炼。

上海外国语大学考研备考英语英汉互译训练题十二THE CENTURY and a half that followed the defeat of Persia was one of very great splendour for the Greek civilization. True that Greece was torn by a desperate struggle for ascendancy between Athens, Sparta and other states (the Peloponnesian War 431 to 404 B.C.) and that in 338 B.C. the Macedonians became virtually masters of Greece; nevertheless during this period the thought and the creative and artistic impulse of the Greeks rose to levels that made their achievement a lamp to mankind for all the rest of history.波斯大获全胜后瓦特？？的150年，是希腊文明发展的一个巅峰/希腊文明发展如日中天，呈其巅峰之势（建议省）。

诚然，那时的希腊被折磨得千疮百孔/破碎不堪——为了争夺更大的权力，雅典和斯巴达纷争不断，其他城邦也并未设身事外/纷纷参与其中（如公元前431年——公元前404年的伯罗奔尼撒战争），甚至公元前338年，马其顿人成为了希腊的实际统治者。

但正是这一时期，希腊人迸发出的思想火花，传达出的前所未有的艺术天赋，决定了他们的成就必定是人类历史上浓墨重彩的一笔/为人类点亮了一盏永恒的明灯。

The head and centre of this mental activity was Athens. For over thirty years (466 to 428 B.C.) Athens was dominated by a man of great vigour and liberality of mind, Pericles, who set himself to rebuild the city from the ashes to which the Persians had reduced it. The beautiful ruins that still glorify Athens to-day are chiefly the remains of this great effort. And he did not simply rebuild a material Athens. He rebuilt Athens intellectually. He gathered about him not only architects and sculptors but poets, dramatists, philosophers and teachers. Herodotus came to Athens torecite his history (438 B.C.). Anaxagoras came with the beginnings of a scientific description of the sun and stars. Æschylus, Sophocles and Euripides one after the other carried the Greek drama to its highest levels of beauty and nobility.这精神财富中，雅典人一马当先（也可以，但不是所有地方都要这样变化。

目　录2013年上海外国语大学高级翻译学院211翻译硕士英语考研真题（回忆版）2012年上海外国语大学高级翻译学院211翻译硕士英语考研真题（回忆版）2011年上海外国语大学高级翻译学院211翻译硕士英语考研真题（回忆版）2010年上海外国语大学高级翻译学院211翻译硕士英语考研真题（回忆版）2013年上海外国语大学高级翻译学院211翻译硕士英语考研真题（回忆版）Making the most of diversityFrom Reuters Thu Nov 15, 2012 4:22pm ESTBy Chrystia FreelandNEW YORK Nov 15 (Reuters) - For America, 2012 will go down in history as the year of the Latinos, the blacks, the women and the gays. That rainbow coalition won President Barack Obama his second term. This triumph of the outsiders is partly due to America's changing demographics. And it is not just the United States that is becoming more diverse. Canada is, too, as is much of Europe.That is why it is worth thinking hard about how to make diverse teams effective, and how people who straddle two cultural worlds can succeed. Three academics, appropriately enough a diverse group based in Asia and America, have been doing some provocative research that suggests that our ability to comfortably integrate our different identities - or not - is the key.In "Connecting the Dots Within: Creative Performance and Identity Integration," Chi-Ying Cheng of Singapore Management University, Jeffrey Sanchez-Burks of the Ross School of Business at the University of Michigan, and Fiona Lee, also at the University of Michigan, argue that ethnic minorities and women in male-dominated professions are most creative whenthey have found a way to believe that their "multiple and conflicting social identities are compatible.""We tried to see how people who have to deal with seemingly in-conflict culture or gender identities cope," Cheng told me. Their conclusion was that people who have found a way to reconcile their two identities - Asian-Americans, for example, or women who work in male-dominated jobs like engineering - are the best at finding creative solutions to problems."Those who see their identities as compatible, they are better at combining ideas from the two identities to come up with something new," Cheng said. "While those who also share these two social identities, but see them as being in conflict, they cannot come up with new ideas."Cheng, Sanchez-Burks and Lee devised a research strategy to probe this issue that you do not need a Ph.D. to appreciate: They asked Asian-Americans to invent new fusion cuisine dishes using both typically Asian and typically American ingredients, and they asked female engineers to design products geared specifically to women. In both cases, people who were at peace with their dual identities performed better."Asian-Americans who had higher bicultural integration could create more creative recipes, and they believed it was possible to come up with more recipes," Cheng said. "By contrast, Asian-Americans who feel their two identities are in conflict cannot come up with as many creative recipes.''Cheng has her own experience of being a minority. She is from Taiwan but went to graduate school in the United States; she is a woman but has taught in the male-dominated environment of graduate business schools. She does not minimize the challenge of coming to terms with this sort of diversity."People who have high identity integration, it is not that they are more easygoing. It is that they find peace between the two different worlds," Cheng said. "It is not that easy. Pretending doesn't work. There has to be real understanding and integration between the two worlds. They find a way for the two worlds to coexist inside a person."This academic work is a useful prism for understanding the man who may be the world's most prominent integrator of two potentially conflicting identities: President Obama. He has gained admission to what used to be the most exclusive white club of all, the White House, while remaining patently at ease with his black identity.As Cheng advises, Obama does not ignore the complexities of straddling these two worlds: He governs with an acute awareness of the particular challenges a black skin poses for the man Americans still like to describe as the leader of the free world. But the president is also deeply at ease with his various identities, a psychological state that may help him use them to powerful effect - as in the election campaign, when he rallied pretty much all Americans who think of themselves as different.。

上海外国语大学2014年研究生入学考试英语翻译基础样题、、写出下列英语词汇对应中文的全称（15分）Tory PartyIsisPPIUNFCCCLiberal ArtsMarine CorpsD-DayDiet Of JapanSub-Saharan AfricaRule of law、、写出下列中文的英文全称（15分）内阁成员指纹识别技术高清屏幕中共中央委员会痢疾中国招商银行存款准备金率比较优势十八届四中全会新型大国关系三、英译汉（60分）Britain’s Last EU Straw?LONDON – Is £1.7 billion ($2.7 billion) a lot of money for the British government to fork out? It is when it is a European Union budget demand that comes out of the blue. But the impact of the EU’s unexpected budget invoice is not just financial, for it has arrived at a time when the anti-EU, United Kingdom Independence Party (UKIP) is riding high in opinion polls. The episode reveals the arbitrary nature of EU budget setting, which puts the EU itself in a bad light – and could be the last straw for Britain’s EU membership.The bill originates from a statistical recalculation by Eurostat, the EU statistical office, of the UK’s economic performance over the past 20 years. The longer-terms costs, however, could be much greater than the relatively small amount (0.1% of GDP) involved. The political crisis – which originated with the calculation of national budget surcharges and rebates from the EU budget – stems from an institutional arbitrariness that seems unjust and fosters immense resentment. Like friendships or marriages that break down over seemingly trivial issues that in fact signify fundamental problems, this budget crisis has highlighted a serious flaw in the UK-EU relationship.The new financial demand surprised UK Prime Minister David Cameron, who called it “completely unacceptable.” For many Euroskeptics, this was yet another sign of a conspiracy by the European Commission against Britain. Referring to a children’s murder-detective board game, Cameron declared: “You don’t need a Cluedo set to know that someone has been clubbed with the lead piping in the library.” A better comparison might have been with the “Chance” cards in Monopoly, the Great Depression-era board game that highlighted the random injustice of capitalism.The timing of the spat could not be better for Britain’s EU opponents. UKIP could conceivably hold the balance of power following next May’s general election, and force the government to hold its promised “in-out” referendum on EU membership. Under electoral pressure, Britain’s two main parties – Conservatives and Labour – are already advocating limits on immigration that are incompatible with EU law and the core principles of European integration. The emotional escalation may lead many people, on both sides of the English Channel, to conclude that the UK and the EU would each be better off without the other.Pre-existing tensions have inevitably played a large part in the current flare-up. But is the EU’s budget calculation method also at fault?It is rational for a country’s EU budget contribution to reflect its real level of economic activity. In any case, the total EU budget, at around 1% of EU output, is relatively small, and has not changed for more than 30 years. The recalculation simply attempts to achieve a more accurate picture of the EU economy, correcting for activity not officially measured in national accounts, such as charity, drugs, and prostitution. Moreover, Britain was not the only EU member to fall foul of the recalculation. Italy’s economic performance also looked better than previously assumed, necessitating an additional payment. Italian Prime Minister Matteo Renzi duly joined the chorus of outrage, calling the recalculation a “lethal weapon.”To be sure, it is fundamentally sensible for governments to monitor and tax as much domestic economic activity as possible. An external assessment that attempts to account for the whole of the economy – and calculates the budget contribution on this basis – should increase tax efficiency. Poor taxation capacity has, after all, been an endemic problem in southern Europe, including in Italy (and especially in Greece), while France and Germany, which both received large rebates, are better tax collectors.Italy, like Greece, has been trying to broaden its tax base. Aerial surveys now detect garden swimming pools; tax assessors investigate yachts moored in harbors; and no transactions above €1,000 ($1,268) may be made in cash.Yet why should the EU’s budget calculations place such importance on national accounts, which constitute a set of arbitrary conventions? If, for example, wages were paid for housework, GDP would increase without any more activity taking place. In a rational world, EU budget contributions would not be arbitrarily set, but would be automatically determined, say, as a fixed proportion of value-added tax (VAT) receipts. Only a relatively small share would be needed, requiring no periodic recalculations.Assessing, and then reassessing, members’ dues in the current way damages the EU. Taken to its logical extreme, member countries would demand recalculations to reflect the different ways they measure income and wealth, thereby pitting potential beneficiary countries against contributors. Such a fiscal set-up has already threatened to break up member states – consider Scotland or Catalonia.If the EU is seen as being little more than a treasure chest that allots fiscal resources to its members, it is bound to fail. As geopolitical challenges mount, and Europe faces its first systemic security threat since the end of the Cold War, the stakes could not be higher. Europe cannot get bogged down in what should be a simple bureaucratic process. Rather, the EU must be able to explain what it truly represents, and these ideals must be reflected in actions that are clear, predictable, and non-arbitrary.、、汉译英（60分）朱镕基谈中国加入WTO中国和美国最近达成的关于中国进入WTO的双边协议。

2016上海外国语大学英语翻硕-百科单选样题及参考答案单项选择（50分）01.相传首创八卦的是：____。

A.伏羲B.周文王C.女娲D.周公旦02.战国时期，七雄争霸，它们是：____。

A.吴、越、秦、晋、齐、楚、燕B.齐、楚、燕、韩、赵、魏、秦C.齐、楚、吴、韩、秦、赵、魏D.齐、楚、越、魏、韩、赵、秦03.老子，姓李名聃，____人，是我国春秋时期伟大的哲学家。

A.鲁国B.楚国C.齐国D.晋国04.我国古代的四大发明是：____。

A.指南针、地动仪、造纸术和火药B.指南针、造纸术、印刷术和火药C.指南针、造纸术、青铜器和青花瓷D.指南针、木牛流马、印刷术和唐三彩05.《文心雕龙》的作者是：____。

A.司马光B.刘勰C.吕不韦D.司马相如06.我国古代四大文学名著指的是：____。

A.《水浒传》、《三国志》、《聊斋志异》和《金瓶梅》B.《楚辞》、《左传》、《三国演义》和《西游记》C.《三国演义》、《水浒传》、《西游记》和《红楼梦》D.《西行漫记》、《三国演义》、《西厢记》和《红楼梦》07.十字军东征（The Crusades）是在1096年到1291年发生的____次宗教性军事行动的总称，是由西欧基督教（天主教）国家对地中海东岸的国家发动的战争。

A.3B.4C.6D.908.“不和的金苹果（the Apple of Discord）”来自____里的一个故事。

A.《圣经》B.《伊索寓言》C.《伊利亚特》D.《神曲》09.《双城记》（A Tale of Two Cities）的作者是：____。

A.狄更斯B.小仲马C.托尔斯泰D.莎士比亚10.河姆渡考古发掘表明，水稻种植在我国至少已有____千年的历史。

A.6B.5C.8D.711.四大文明古国创造的科学技术成就，在人类文明发展史上做出了重大的贡献。

它们是：____。

A.印度、中国、巴比伦和埃及B.希腊，罗马，印度和埃及C.中国、埃塞俄比亚、雅典和埃及D.巴比伦、印度、雅典和埃及12.____是欧洲文艺复兴时期人文主义文学的发源地。

上海外国语大学2014年研究生入学考试翻译硕士英语样题Read the following passage and answer the questions below.Android wars are raging as rivals challenge Google’s dominanceThe phone in your pocket is probably an Android device, and if you live in a western country, it is almost certainly running the Google version of Android and thus is bristling with Google’s services: Gmail, YouTube, Docs and more.______The raw figures for Android’s market share make it look as though Google _____the smartphone world: of the 301.3m smartphones shipped in the second quarter of this year, 84.7 per cent were Android devices, up from 79.6 per cent in 2013, according to analysts IDC. But those _____hide a more complex story about how difficult it is to _____an ecosystem and bring customers into it.The next biggest player on the _____OS scene is Apple, which in September made a bold bid to draw users further into its clutches with the launch of a wearable device, the Apple Watch, and, more importantly, its Apple Pay system.Apple’s iOS _____been _____market share, according to IDC: in the second quarter of this year, it _____for 11.7 per cent of mobile device shipments, down from 13 per cent in the same quarter last year. Apple’s early-mover advantage has been eclipsed by the roaring success of _____.Google maintains and develops the “official” _____of Android, but the operating system itself is open-source, which _____anyone can fiddle with it, change it, add to it and take bits away, as _____and Nokia, for example, have done with their operating systems have done with their operating systems for, respectively, the Kindle Fire and the Nokia X range.Google leads the Android Open Handset Alliance, an association of device-makers such as Sony, LG, Samsung and Lenovo, mobile operators such as T-Mobile and Vodafone as well as chipmakers Arm, Qualcomm and Intel, and software companies, _____eBay and, of course, Google.In return for membership of the OHA, members can create devices that Google will license its services _____. It is important to note that while Android itself is _____ and free to use, Google’s services are not. Members of the alliance also pledge not to “fork” Android – in other words, create their own _____that exclude Google services. This is all great for Google, as it means its data-collecting apparatus, with its access to your email, searches, location data and so on, is in the hands of millions of people to whom “relevant” adverts can be directed.There is, however, a big part of the Android ecosystem that is nothing to do with Google. This is most significant in China, where Google and its services are persona non grata. But there are also trouble spots on the radar outside China that should worry Google.Google’s biggest concern is Samsung. The search giant’s relations with the South Korean smartphone maker have been strained, as Samsung has fired warning shots that indicate it probably doesn’t need Google as much as Google needs Samsung, which is by far the biggest vendor of Android OHA devices.Samsung has been tinkering with an alternative operating system, Tizen, and includes its own mail and other services alongside Google’s on its Galaxy Android devices. In theory, Samsung could drop Google’s version of Android and focus on developing Tizen further or move to the non-Google version of Android.That version is the Android Open Source Project – the one developers work with when they don’t want to join forces with Google. AOSP is free and is the version that Amazon has used in its Fire devices. Nokia used AOSP to create the well-received Nokia X range before Microsoft assimilated Nokia’s devices division and killed the project.Amazon and Nokia would do well to look to China, where local providers have built strong ecosystems on the AOSP version of Android. In hardware, Xiaomi has 31.6 per cent of the urban Chinese market, according to Carolina Milanesi, chief of research at Kantar Worldpanel, the market research company. “Xiaomi is the model that works,” she says.What works in China is a package of services delivered via the hardware. At the end of last year, Gartner, the research company, noted: “Chinese-based internet providers, such as Baidu, Alibaba Group and Tencent, [are] providing local featured apps, services and content through app stores that they themselves operate. This participation is preventing Google from being a major beneficiary of smartphone user growth in the China market.”If Google has lost out in China, it could lose out elsewhere. Microsoft is keen to get its services – , Bing, Office and OneDrive – into more hands, and while its Windows Phone OS has been well received, its market share of just 2.5 per cent in the second quarter of this year means it has a long way to go.Intriguingly, Microsoft chief executive Satya Nadella has been reported as talking to Cyanogen, which maintains a popular AOSP fork of Android. While Microsoft is unlikely to be considering buying Cyanogen, partnering with it to provide services as part of the package makes sense.Here’s a blue-sky suggestion for Mr Nadella: sit down with Jeff Bezos at Amazon to develop a good fork of Android. Microsoft has a compelling services offering but an almost non-existent platform for these services, despite the quality of the Lumia handsets. Amazon has compelling content with its Prime video but seems unable to get consumers to buy its Fire devices.For smaller providers, a Microsoft-Amazon-style joint venture would be a great way to become part of an ecosystem out of Google’s reach. I suspect consumers would find that attractive. How about it, Satya and Jeff?1 Filling the blanks with a word.(15’)2 Reading Comprehension (40’)1) How does Google, in corporation with other firms, manage to direct relevent ads to potential customers?2) According to Milanesi Carolina, what is the model that is effective in China?3) Why does the author say probably Samsumg does not need Google as much as Google needs Samsung?4) On what basis does the author suggest the CEOs of MS and Amazon to coorporate with each other?3 Composition of no less than 700 words. (45’)Some people say modern people are becoming slaves of smartphones rather than using them as traditional tools to make our lives convenient. What`s your opinion on this and what would you suggest to smartphone users so that they could be less constrained by these handsets?参考答案1.dominates2.figures3.build4.mobile5.has6.losing7.accounted8.Android9.version10.means11.Amazon12.including13.to14.open-source15.versions16.Member companies of the OHA can create devices that Google will lisence itsservice to, while they promise not to create versions that exclude Google services.Consequently, Google will be able to collect customer datas with mobile devices made by various manufacturers, and then send the relevant adverts to the targeted customers.17.This model includes a package of services delivered via the hardware. Forexample, they would provide local featured apps, services and content through app stores that they themselves operate.18.Samsumg is by far the biggest vendor of Android OHA devices, while Samsungis building its own operating system, Tizen, and it could well drop Google’sversion of Android and focus on developing Tizen further or move to the non-Google version of Android. We could say Google need to depend on Samsumg`shardware for promoting its operating system, while in the future, Samsumgprobably does not need Google as much for its operating system.19.MS has compelling services like , Bing, Office and OneDrive but itlacks a well-built platform. On the other hand, Amazon has its great content with its Prime video yet lacks other supporting services to attract enough customers.Given these facts, MS and Amazon could complement eache other throughcooporation.作文参考：I love smartphones. I've always loved cell phones to begin with, but I am still very much amazed at how much phones have progressed. From flip phones to these giant hunks of hardware that can do more than I could have ever imagined a phone doing, smartphones are certainly something to marvel. Smartphones can certainly make our lives easier for us as we use them for everyday tasks such as checking the calendar, as alarm clocks, as a calculator, as a phonebook and more. But as smartphones keep progressing with new ways to make our lives easier, are they hindering our natural need for social interactions?I realize lately that there are less and less things that I actually, physically have to go out and do now-a-days than when I did when I was younger. Meaning, there were certain things that I would go and do that I don't necessarily have to do anymore. Although I also see this as a convenience, because most of these interactions wouldn't be deemed acceptable to do in my pajamas and my hair looking like a hot mess otherwise, there's still the question that I have to ask that makes me wonder if I'm missing out on something. Like, that I'm missing out on something that, as a human, I might need to be doing.When I first started working for PhoneDog, I wrote an article that questioned whether we had become addicted to our phones. Without really needing to delve too deep into the article, it's pretty clear that at least I was addicted. I had a bad habit of caring less about the conversation happening in front of me rather than one that was constantly ongoing in my pocket. I lived for the buzz of a text message, and had a bad habit of needing to check it as soon as I possibly could. I have since re-assessed just how important text messages are and realized that there is a reason they were sent in text form, and that's so I could respond to them at my earliest convenience. That doesn't necessarily mean they should be checked right away. If something that was said in a text message was that important, they probably should have made a phone call.But it's not just text messages that are possibly crippling certain social aspects of our lives. There is so much more that we can do with our phones now than just communicate with our friends, family and colleagues. Things that we normally would get up and leave our house for is no longer a necessity. And yes, it is a convenience, but at the same time it makes me question just how far smartphones andcorresponding applications will take it before we hardly ever have a real reason to leave the house anymore.For example, back when I was younger and a new movie came out, my dad or brother would take me up to the local Blockbuster or some other video joint to rent one. But with apps like Netflix, Hulu+, Amazon Prime Instant Video and other similar applications, these video stores are no longer necessary. Not only is it more convenient to instantly stream a video anytime you want to from just about any device with a screen, but it's also so much cheaper. Also, you don't have to silently curse the kid that took the last copy of that movie that you initially came in to rent. Digital streaming means there's enough copies for everybody!And what about banking? You hardly ever have a reason to go to the bank now. We can do transfers and check deposits straight from our phones as well. You can order a pizza from just about any pizza joint through an app on your phone. You can shop from almost any store over the Internet that you have access to right on your phone. You can get FedEx to pick up and ship a package for you. You can just do so many things from your smartphone now!But it's convenient, that's for sure. While I do question what this is doing to our social practices, I also realize that it's my choice to continue to use these services because they're just more convenient. It's just that when you take the time to see how far we have come, where we are right now, and also where this could be heading, it's a little strange to realize just how antisocial society is becoming. At least, that's where we seem to be headed.。

上外翻译硕士英语模拟训练（四）I . close testYoung Children`s Sense of IdentityA sense of self develops in young children by degrees. The process can usefully be thought of in terms of the gradual emergence of two somewhat separate features: the self as a subject, and the self as an object. William James introduced the distinction in 1892, and contemporaries of his, such as Charles Cooley, added to the developing debate. Ever since then psychologists have continued building on the theory.According to James, a child's first step on the road to self-understanding can be seen as the recognition that he or she exists. This is an aspect of the self that he labeled 'self-as-subject', and he gave it various elements. These included an (1) of one’s own agency (i.e. one’s power to act), and an awareness of one’s distinctiveness from other people. These features gradually (2) as infants explore their world and interact with caregivers. Cooley (1902) suggested that a (3) of the self-as-subject was primarily concerned with being able to exercise power. He proposed that the earliest examples of this are that an infant attempts to control physical objects, such as toys or his or her own limbs. This is followed by attempts to affect the behavior of other people. For example, infants learn that when they cry or smile someone (4) to them.Another powerful source of information for infants about the (5) they can have on the world around them is provided when others (6) them. Many parents spend a lot of time, particularly in the early months, copying their infant's vocalizations and expressions in addition, young children enjoy looking in (7), where the movements they can see are dependent upon their own movements.This is not to say that infants recognize the reflection as their own image (a later development). However, Lewis and Brooks-Gunn (1979) suggest that infants' developing understanding that the movements they see in the mirror are contingent ­on their own, leads to a growing awareness that they are (8) from other people. This is because they, and (9) they can change the reflection in the mirror.This understanding that children gain of themselves as active agents continues to develop in their attempts to co-operate with others in play. Drum (1988) points out that it is in such day-to-day relationships and interactions （10）the child's understanding of his or herself emerges. Empirical investigations of the self-as- subject in young children are, however, rather scarce （11）of difficulties of communication: even if young infants can reflect on their experience, they certainly cannot express this aspect of the self directly.Once Children have acquired a certain level of self-awareness, they begin to place themselves in a whole series of categories, which together play such an important part in defining them uniquely as 'themselves'. This second step in the development of a full sense of self is what James called the 'self-as-object'. This has been seen by many to be the aspect of the self which is most （12）by social elements, since it is made up of social roles (such as student, brother; colleague) and characteristics which derive their meaning from comparison or interaction with other people (such as trust worthiness, shyness, sporting ability).Cooley and other researchers suggested a close connection between a person’s own understanding of their identity and other people's understanding of it. Cooley believed that people build up their sense of identity from the reactions of others to them, and from the view they believe others have (13) them. He called the self- as-object the ’looking-glass self', since people come to secthemselves as they are reflected in others. Mead (1934) went even further, and saw the self and the social world as inextricably bound together. The self is essentially a social structure, and ­it arises in social experience. It is impossible to (14) of a self arising outside of (15) experience.Finally perhaps the most graphic expressions of self-awareness in general can be seen in the displays of rage which are most common from 18 months to 3 years of age. In a longitudinal study of groups of three or four children, Bronson (1975) found that the intensity of the frustration and anger in their disagreements increased sharply between the ages of 1 and 2 years. Often, the children's disagreements involved a struggle over a toy that none of them had played with before or after the tug-of-war: the children seemed to be disputing ownership rather than wanting to play with it. Although it may be less marked in other societies, the link between the sense of ’self' and of 'ownership’is a notable feature of childhood in Western societies.II. Reading comprehensionMike and Adam Hurewitz grew up together on Long Island, in the suburbs of New York City. They were very close, even for brothers. So when Adam's liver started failing, Mike offered to give him half of his. The operation saved Adam's life. But Mike, who went into the hospital in seemingly excellent health, developed a complication-perhaps a blood colt -and died last week. He was 57. Mike Hurewitz's death has prompted a lot of soul searching in the transplant community. Was it a tragic fluke or a sign that transplant surgery has reached some kind of ethical limit?The Mount Sinai Medical Center, the New York City hospital where the complex double operation was performed, has put on hold its adult living donor liver transplant program, pending a review of Hurewitz's death. Mount Sinai has performed about 100 such operations in the past three years.A 1-in -100 risk of dying may not seem like bad odds, but there's more to this ethical dilemma than a simple ratio. The first and most sacred rule of medicine is to do no harm. "For a normal healthy person a mortality rate 1% is hard to justify, "says Dr. John Fung, chief of transplantation at the University of Pittsburgh Medical Center. "If the rate stays at 1%, it's just not going to be accepted. "On the other hand, there's an acute shortage of traditional donor organs from people who have died in accidents or suffered fatal heart attacks. If family members fully understand the risks and are willing to proceed, is there any reason to stand in their way? Indeed, a recent survey showed that most people will accept a mortality rate for living organ donors as high as 20%. The odds, thankfully, aren't nearly that bad. For kidney donors, for example, the risk ranges from 1 in 2, 500 to 1 in 4, 000 for a healthy volunteer. That helps explain why nearly 40% of kidney transplants in the U.S. come from living donors. /The operation to transplant a liver, however, is a lot trickier than one to transplant a kidney. Not only is the liver packed with blood vessels, but it also makes lots of proteins that need to be produced in the right ratios for the body to survive. When organs from the recently deceased are used, the surgeon gets to pick which part of the donated liver looks the best-and to take as much of it as needed. Assuming all goes well, a healthy liver can grow back whatever portion of the organ is missing, sometimes within a month.A living-donor transplant works particularly well when an adult donates a modest a modest portion of the liver to a child. Usually only the left lobe of the organ is required, leading to a mortality rate for living-donors in the neighborhood of 1 in 500 to 1 in 1,000. But when the recipient is another adult, as much as 60% of the donor's liver has to be removed. "There really is very little margin for error, "says Dr. Fung. By way of analogy, he suggests, think of a tree. "An adult-to-childliving-donor transplant is like cutting off a limb. With an adult-to-adult transplant, you're splitting the trunk in half and trying to keep both halves alive."Even if a potential donor understand and accepts these risks, that doesn't necessarily mean the operation should proceed. All sorts of subtle pressures can be brought to bear on such a decision. says Dr. Mark Siegler, director of the MacLean for Clinical Medical Ethics at the University of Chicago. "Sometimes the sicker the patient, the greater the pressure the pressure and the more willing the donor will be to accept risks. "If you feel you can't say no, is your decision truly voluntary? And if not, is it the medical community's responsibility to save you from your own best intentions?Transplant centers have developed screening programs to ensure that living donors fully understand the nature of their decision. But unexamined, for the most part, is the larger issue of just how much a volunteer should be allowed to sacrifice to save another human being. So far, we seem to be saying some risk is acceptable, although we're still vaguer about where the cutoff should be. There will always be family members like Mike Hurewitz who are heroically prepared to make the ultimate sacrifice for a loved one. What the medical profession-and society-must decide is if it's appropriate to let them do so. /1Describe in your own words the liver transplant between the two brothers Mike and Adam.2 What is the major issue raised in the article?3 Explain briefly Dr. Fung's comparison between organ transplant and a tree. What does he imply through this analogy?4 If family members fully understand the risks in organ transplant and are still willing to proceed, shall the medical professionals encourage or stop them? What is your personal view toward such issue?补充练习For 40 years the sight of thousands of youngsters striding across the open moorland has been as much an annual fixture as spring itself. But the 2, 400 school pupils who join the grueling Dartmoor Ten Tors Challenge next Saturday may be among the last to take part in the May tradition. The trek faces growing criticism from environmentalists who fear that the presence of so many walkers on one weekend threatens the survival of some of Dartmoor's internationally rare bird species. / The Ten Tors challenge takes place in the middle of the breeding season, when the slightest disturbance can jeopardize birds' chances of reproducing successfully. Experts at the RSPB and the Dartmoor National Park Authority fear that the walkers could frighten birds and even crush eggs. They are now calling for the event to be moved to the autumn, when the breeding season is over and chicks should be well established. Organizers of the event, which is led by about 400 Territorial Army volunteers, say moving it would be impractical for several reasons and would mean pupils could not train properly for the 55-mile trek. Dartmoor is home 10 rare species of ground-nesting birds, including golden plovers, dunlins and lapwings. In some cases, species are either down to their last two pairs on the moor or are facing a nationwide decline.Emma Parkin, South-west spokeswoman for the PASPB, took part in the challenge as a schoolgirl. She said the society had no objections to the event itself but simply but simply wanted t moved to another time of year. "It is a wonderful activity for the children who take part but, having thousands of people walking past in one weekend when birds are breeding is hardly ideal, "she said."We would prefer it to take place after the breeding and nesting season is over. There is a risk of destruction and disturbance. If the walkers put a foot in the wrong place they can crush the eggs and if there is sufficient disturbance the birds might abandon the nest. "Helen Booker, an RSPB upland conservation officer, said there was no research into the scale of the damage but there was little doubt the walk was detrimental. "If people are tramping past continually it can harm the chances of successful nesting. There is also the fear of direct trampling of eggs. "A spokesman for the Dartmoor National Park Authority said the breeding season on the moor lasted from early March to mid-July, and the Ten Tors challenge created the potential for disturbance for March, when participants start training.To move the event to the autumn was difficult because children would be on holiday during the training period. There was a possibility that some schools in the Southwest move to a four-term year in 2004, "but until then any change was unlikely. The authority last surveyed bird life on Dartmoor two year ago and if the next surveyed showed any further decline, it would increase pressure to move challenge, "he said.Major Mike Pether, secretary of the army committee that organizes the challenge, said the event could be moved if there was the popular will. "The Ten Tors has been running for 42 years and it has always been at this time of year. It is almost in tablets of stone but that's not to say we won't consider moving if there is a consensus in favour. However, although the RSPB would like it moved, 75 per cent of the people who take part want it to stay as it is, "he said. Major Pether said the trek could not be moved to earlier in the year because it would conflict with the lambing season, most of the children were on holiday in the summer, and the winter weather was too harsh.Datmoor National Park occupies some 54 sq km of hills topped by granite outcrops known as "Tors" with the highest Tor-capped hill reaching 621m. The valleys and dips between the hills are often sites of bogs to snare the unwary hiker. The moor has long been used by the British Army as a training and firing range. The origin of the event stretches back to 1959 when three Army officers exercising on the moor thought it would provide a challenge for civilians as well as soldiers In the first year 203 youngsters took up the challenges. Since then teams, depending on age and ability, face hikes of 35, 45 or 55 miles between 10 nominated Tors over two days. They are expected to carry everything they need to survive. /1. What is the Ten Tors challenge? Give a brief introduction of its location and history.2. Why is it suggested that the event be moved to the autumn or other seasons?3. What are the difficulties if the event is moved to autumn or other season?Burnt by stock market losses, investors in ever-increasing numbers have found an answer to their woes: litigate. According to Stanford Law School, shareholders filed 327 class-action lawsuits against American companies last year-up 60% on the previous year. Their pied piper is Bill Lerach. He and his law firm, Milberg Weiss Bershad Hynes & Lerach, have turned the class action lawsuit into an industry. More than half of last year's suits were fought by Lerach and his colleagues. / Branded an "economic terrorist "by one rival and "lower than pond scum" by one rival and "lower than pond scum" by another, Lerach's firm is the terror of corporate America. Milberg Weiss has won more than 20 billion in class-action suits but has not escaped controversy of its own. It is being investigated by a Los Angeles federal grand jury over allegations that it paid "professional plaintiffs" to use their names on lawsuits.Few of Lerach's cases ever get to court, Settling on the law court steps is an American tradition and often less embarrassing and expensive than taking a case all the way. But the rules have been rewritten since Enron's collapse. Having failed to reach an argreement with Lerach and others, Arthur Andersen trial starts this week in Houston over accountant's alleged destruction of Enron-related documents. On Wednesday another judge will hear from other defendants being pursued by Lerach.Lerach's original suit was filed late last year in Houston's federal court on behalf of the University of California Board of Regents, which lost 140m, and other Enron shareholders. The lawsuit names a stellar array of blue-chip banks, including Barclays, Citigroup and Merrill Lynch, as parties to the alleged Enron scheme that cost investor 25 billion. It also names law firms and 60 Enron and Arthur Andersen executives, directors and partners. When the judge decides whether to let any of the parties escape the court case, due in December 2003, settlement talks will begin in earnest. In the meantime, the heat is being turned up on Lerach. A recent Wall Street Journal editorial attacked the university for hiring him. "The real lesson for the Regents is that when you lie down with lawyers, you catch ethical fleas, "it said. The Journal's attack tallies with many senior business figures who privately say Lerach and his followers have made the law a joke, basing their attacks more on a participant's ability to pay than their guilt. "Lerach isn't expecting to prove his case in court, but only in the media, hoping defendants will settle regardless of guilt to get their names out of the news. Is that a good lesson for the kids?" asked thejournal.Lerach did not return calls when asked to comment, but Trey Davis, a university spokesman, dismissed the criticism: "The decision to name the investment banks and the law firms is not based on a search for assets in the wake of Enron's bankruptcy and Arthur Andersen's business decline, "he said. "It's an earnest effort seeking return of money that rightfully belongs to the victims."John Coffee, law professor at Columbia University, says the rise in class actions is inevitable give the fall in stock prices. And he says that, if anything, changes in the rules have improved the quality of many cases filed. Legal reforms, introduced in 1995, have made it almost impossible for disgruntled investors to sue a company for disgruntled investors to sue a company for missing its profit forecasts. The changes also require lawyers to show evidence of wrong-doing for a case to proceed. The reforms were designed to curb the frivolous lawsuits that ad become part of the cost of doing business for almost every American public company. Most cases now brought against companies allege some sort of accounting impropriety.And says Coffee, the reforms mean more suits now have a strong case to answer. "There's a whole industry out there saying securities litigation is all frivolous, " he says. "There's a high correlation between an earnings restatement and some highly suspicious monkey business with the prior financial reporting. I don't think these are cases in which the defendants are perfectly innocent victims."4. What are the class action lawsuits referred to in the passage? What do you learn about Bill Lerach's law firm?5 What does it mean by the sentence "Milberg Weiss... has not escaped controversy of its own."(Para. 2)?6.What do you know from the Wall Street Journal editorial's attack (Para. 4)?III. WritingThe position of women in society has changed markedly in the last twenty years. Many of the problems young people now experience, such as juvenile delinquency, arise from the fact that many married women now work and are not at home to care for their children. To what extent do you agree or disagree with this opinion? （no less than 500 words）。