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种族歧视英文作文（3篇）第一篇:《有关种族歧视(英文)》The terrible toll of racism in the U.S.By Sharon Smith | March 19, 2004 | Page 7HALF OF all Black men in Neployment stands at 37 percent nationong Black Americans that should be setting off alarm bells in election year 2004.Y et even John Kerry, the candidate ajority of Blacks, has issued barely a sound bite. This should e as no surprise, since Black lives, Black votes and Black rights have been devalued since the Founding Fathers. The original U.S. Constitution permitted slavery and counted Black slaves as three-fifths of ining both Congressional representation and taxation, embedding racism in the very foundation of U.S. society. The institution of slavery erican Revolution that cost at least 600,000 lives.But racism outlived slavery and flourished for the next 100 years in the form of Jim Croajority of states, from North Dakota to Texas to California, made it a crime for Blacks to intermingle hospitals to cemeteries, lunch counters to phone booths, military service to marriage.Jim Croassive civil rights struggle stretching over more than t the 1955Montgomery bus boycott to the fight to enforce court-ordered school desegregation in the 1970s. But de facto segregation continued, North and South, and Black anated from the politicalestablishment, injecting racism both the Democratic and Republican Parties scrambled to appear tough on crime, embracing the so-called during that period ajority of them ore than 2 million, African Americans make up just 12 percent of the U.S. population and only 13 percent of drug users, yet account for 35 percent of drug arrests and 53 percent of drug convictions. Blacks are also 43 percent of those on death roated that 30 percent of 12 year-old Black boys e in jail in their lifetimes--far more than any states have laer inmates the right to vote, an estimated 13 percent of all Black men--including one in every three in Alabama andFlorida--have been disenfranchised.Racism, not criminal records, explains the high unemployment rate for Black men today. A recent an applying for a job as a dishan to carry an 18-month prison record on his back, concluded reporter David can explain these statistics:-- Segregation in public schools, the 1950s to the late 1980s, has noost tes more likely than ains--and the ain true:Racial discrimination，or，the color problem，refers mainly to Negroes in the United States，as they constitute one tenth of the total population. The term Negro is applied to people descended or partly descended from slaves transported from Africa long ago. It is noany ericans for fear of offending their non- nigger is no non- ee reference to historical back- ground，the Negro position today couldn't be understood. The black population is about 20 million. Their ancestors erica as slaves in the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries. Nearly all theirdescendants ined to keep the Negroes from being equal in anything but constitutional laent has，gradually pelled the ajority in the South to allo of inequality in voting，education，employment and housing.联邦政府逐渐地迫使在南方占多数的白人允许黑人享有公民权利。
美国宪法全文及参考译文The Constitution of the United States of America美国宪法编辑：宗亚平ypzong@/national-archives-experience/charters/constitution.html :The Constitution of the United States of AmericaPreambleWe the People of the United States, in Order to form a more perfect Union, establish Justice, insure domestic Tranquility, provide for the common defense, promote the general Welfare, and secure the Blessings of Liberty to ourselves and our Posterity, do ordain and establish this Constitution for the United States of America.Article ISection 1All legislative powers herein granted shall be vested in a Congress of the United States, which shall consist of a Senate and House of Representatives.Section 21. The House of Representatives shall be composed of members chosen every second year by the people of the several States, and the Electors in each State shall have the qualifications requisite for Electors of the most numerous branch of the State Legislature.2. No Person shall be a Representative who shall not have attained to the age of twenty five years, and been seven years a citizen of the United States, and who shall not, when elected, be an inhabitant of that State in which he shall be chosen.3. [Representatives and direct taxes shall be apportioned among the several States which may be included within this Union, according to their respective numbers, which shall be determined by adding to the whole number of free persons, including those bound to service for a term of years, and excluding Indians not taxed, three fifths of all other persons.] The actual enumeration shall be made within three years after the first meeting of the Congress of the United States, and within every subsequent term of ten years, in such manner as they shall by law direct. The number of Representatives shall not exceed one for every thirty thousand, but each State shall have at least one Representative; and until such enumeration shall be made, the State of New Hampshire shall be entitled to choose three, Massachusetts eight, Rhode Island and Providence Plantations one, Connecticut five, New York six, New Jersey four, Pensylvania eight, Delaware one, Maryland six, Virginia ten, North Carolina five, South Carolina five, and Georgia three.4. When vacancies happen in the representation from any State, the Executive Authority thereof shall issue writs of election to fill such vacancies.5. The House of Representatives shall choose their Speaker and other officers; and shall have the sole power of impeachment.Section 31. The Senate of the United States shall be composed of two Senators from each State, chosen by the Legislature thereof, for six years; and each Senator shall have one vote.2. Immediately after they shall be assembled in consequence of the first election, they shall be divided as equally as may be into three classes. The Seats of the Senators of the first class shall be vacated at the expiration of the second year, of the second class at the expiration of the fourth year, and of the third class at the expiration of the sixth year, so that one third may be chosen every second year; and if vacancies happen by resignation, or otherwise, during the recess of the Legislature of any State, the Executive thereof may make temporary appointments until the next meeting of the Legislature, which shall then fill such vacancies.3. No Person shall be a Senator who shall not have attained to the age of thirty years, and been nine years a citizen of the United States, and who shall not, when elected, be an inhabitant of that State for which he shall be chosen.4. The Vice President of the United States shall be President of the Senate, but shall have no vote, unless they be equally divided.5. The Senate shall choose their other officers, and also a President pro tempore, in the absence of the Vice President, or when he shall exercise the Office of President of the United States.6. The Senate shall have the sole power to try all impeachments. When sitting for that purpose, they shall be on oath or affirmation. When the President of the United States is tried, the Chief Justice shall preside: And no person shall be convicted without the concurrence of two thirds of the members present.7. Judgment in cases of impeachment shall not extend further than to removal from office, and disqualification to hold and enjoy any office of honor, trust or profit under the United States: but the party convicted shall nevertheless be liable and subject to indictment, trial, judgment and punishment, according to law.Section 41. The times, places and manner of holding elections for Senators and Representatives, shall be prescribed in each State by the Legislature thereof; but the Congress may at any time by law make or alter such regulations, except as to the places of choosing Senators.2. The Congress shall assemble at least once in every year, and such meeting shall be on the first Monday in December, unless they shall by law appoint a different day.Section 51. Each House shall be the judge of the elections, returns and qualifications of its own members, and a majority of each shall constitute a quorum to do business; but a smallernumber may adjourn from day to day, and may be authorized to compel the attendance of absent members, in such manner, and under such penalties as each House may provide.2. Each House may determine the rules of its proceedings, punish its members for disorderly behaviour, and, with the concurrence of two-thirds, expel a member.3. Each House shall keep a journal of its proceedings, and from time to time publish the same, excepting such parts as may in their judgment require secrecy; and the yeas and nays of the members of either House on any question shall, at the desire of one fifth of those present, be entered on the journal.4. Neither House, during the session of Congress, shall, without the consent of the other, adjourn for more than three days, nor to any other place than that in which the two Houses shall be sitting.Section 61. The Senators and Representatives shall receive a compensation for their services, to be ascertained by law, and paid out of the Treasury of the United States. They shall in all cases, except treason, felony and breach of the peace, be privileged from arrest during their attendance at the session of their respective Houses, and in going to and returning from the same; and for any speech or debate in either House, they shall not be questioned in any other place.2. No Senator or Representative shall, during the time for which he was elected, be appointed to any civil office under the authority of the United States which shall have been created, or the emoluments whereof shall have been increased during such time; and no person holding any office under the United States, shall be a member of either House during his continuance in office.Section 71. All bills for raising revenue shall originate in the House of Representatives; but the Senate may propose or concur with amendments as on other bills.2. Every bill which shall have passed the House of Representatives and the Senate, shall, before it become a law, be presented to the President of the United States; If he approve he shall sign it, but if not he shall return it, with his objections to that House in which it shall have originated, who shall enter the objections at large on their journal, and proceed to reconsider it. If after such reconsideration two thirds of that House shall agree to pass the bill, it shall be sent, together with the objections, to the other House, by which it shall likewise be reconsidered, and if approved by two thirds of that House, it shall become a law. But in all such cases the votes of both Houses shall be determined by yeas and nays, and the names of the persons voting for and against the bill shall be entered on the journal of each House respectively. If any bill shall not be returned by the President within ten days (Sundays excepted) after it shall have been presented to him, the same shall be a law, in like manner as if he had signed it, unless the Congress by their adjournment prevent its return, in which case it shall not be a law.3. Every order, resolution, or vote to which the concurrence of the Senate and House of Representatives may be necessary (except on a question of adjournment) shall be presented tothe President of the United States; and before the same shall take effect, shall be approved by him, or being disapproved by him, shall be repassed by two thirds of the Senate and House of Representatives, according to the rules and limitations prescribed in the case of a bill.Section 81. The Congress shall have power: To lay and collect taxes, duties, imposts and excises, to pay the debts and provide for the common defense and general welfare of the United States; but all duties, imposts and excises shall be uniform throughout the United States;2. To borrow money on the credit of the United States;3. To regulate commerce with foreign nations, and among the several States, and with the Indian tribes;4. To establish a uniform rule of naturalization, and uniform laws on the subject of bankruptcies throughout the United States;5. To coin money, regulate the value thereof, and of foreign coin, and fix the standard of weights and measures;6. To provide for the punishment of counterfeiting the securities and current coin of the United States;7. To establish Post Offices and Post Roads;8. To promote the progress of science and useful arts, by securing for limited times to authors and inventors the exclusive right to their respective writings and discoveries;9. To constitute tribunals inferior to the Supreme Court;10. To define and punish piracies and felonies committed on the high seas, and offenses against the law of nations;11. To declare war, grant letters of marque and reprisal, and make rules concerning captures on land and water;12. To raise and support armies, but no appropriation of money to that use shall be for a longer term than two years;13. To provide and maintain a navy;14. To make rules for the government and regulation of the land and naval forces;15. To provide for calling forth the militia to execute the laws of the union, suppress insurrections and repel invasions;16. To provide for organizing, arming, and disciplining the militia, and for governing such part of them as may be employed in the service of the United States, reserving to the States respectively, the appointment of the officers, and the authority of training the militia according to the discipline prescribed by Congress;17. To exercise exclusive legislation in all cases whatsoever, over such District (not exceeding ten miles square) as may, by cession of particular States, and the acceptance of Congress, become the seat of the Government of the United States, and to exercise like authority over all places purchased by the consent of the Legislature of the State in which the same shall be, for the erection of forts, magazines, arsenals, dock-yards, and other needful buildings; and18. To make all laws which shall be necessary and proper for carrying into execution the foregoing powers, and all other powers vested by this constitution in the Government of theUnited States, or in any department or officer thereof.Section 91. The migration or importation of such persons as any of the States now existing shall think proper to admit, shall not be prohibited by the Congress prior to the year one thousand eight hundred and eight, but a tax or duty may be imposed on such importation, not exceeding ten dollars for each person.2. The privilege of the Writ of Habeas Corpus shall not be suspended, unless when in cases of rebellion or invasion the public safety may require it.3. No Bill of Attainder or ex post facto law shall be passed.4. No capitation, or other direct, tax shall be laid, unless in proportion to the census or enumeration herein before directed to be taken.5. No tax or duty shall be laid on articles exported from any State.6. No preference shall be given by any regulation of commerce or revenue to the ports of one State over those of another: nor shall vessels bound to, or from, one State, be obliged to enter, clear, or pay duties in another.7. No money shall be drawn from the Treasury, but in consequence of appropriations made by law; and a regular statement and account of the receipts and expenditures of all public money shall be published from time to time.8. No title of nobility shall be granted by the United States: And no person holding any office of profit or trust under them, shall, without the consent of the Congress, accept of any present, emolument, office, or title of any kind whatever, from any king, prince or foreign state.Section 101. No State shall enter into any treaty, alliance, or confederation; grant letters of marque and reprisal; coin money; emit bills of credit; make any thing but gold and silver coin a tender in payment of debts; pass any Bill of Attainder, ex post facto law, or law impairing the obligation of contracts, or grant any title of nobility.2. No State shall, without the consent of the Congress, lay any imposts or duties on imports or exports, except what may be absolutely necessary for executing it's inspection laws: and the net produce of all duties and imposts, laid by any State on imports or exports, shall be for the use of the Treasury of the United States; and all such laws shall be subject to the revision and control of the Congress.3. No State shall, without the consent of Congress, lay any duty of tonnage, keep troops, or ships of war in time of peace, enter into any agreement or compact with another State, or with a foreign power, or engage in war, unless actually invaded, or in such imminent danger as will not admit of delay.Article IISection 11. The Executive power shall be vested in a President of the United States of America. He shall hold his office during the term of four years, and, together with the Vice-President chosen for the same term, be elected, as follows:2. Each State shall appoint, in such manner as the legislature thereof may direct, a number of Electors, equal to the whole number of Senators and Representatives to which the State may be entitled in the Congress: but no Senator or Representative, or person holding an office of trust or profit under the United States, shall be appointed an Elector.3. The Electors shall meet in their respective States, and vote by ballot for two persons, of whom one at least shall not be an inhabitant of the same State with themselves. And they shall make a list of all the persons voted for, and of the number of votes for each; which list they shall sign and certify, and transmit sealed to the seat of the government of the United States, directed to the President of the Senate. The President of the Senate shall, in the presence of the Senate and House of Representatives, open all the certificates, and the votes shall then be counted. The person having the greatest number of votes shall be the President, if such number be a majority of the whole number of electors appointed; and if there be more than one who have such majority, and have an equal number of votes, then the House of Representatives shall immediately choose by ballot one of them for President; and if no person have a majority, then from the five highest on the list the said House shall in like manner choose the President. But in choosing the President, the votes shall be taken by States, the Representation from each State having one vote; a quorum for this purpose shall consist of a member or members from two-thirds of the States, and a majority of all the States shall be necessary to a choice. In every case, after the choice of the President, the person having the greatest number of votes of the electors shall be the Vice President. But if there should remain two or more who have equal votes, the Senate shall choose from them by ballot the Vice-President.4. The Congress may determine the time of choosing the Electors, and the day on which they shall give their votes; which day shall be the same throughout the United States.5. No person except a natural born citizen, or a citizen of the United States, at the time of the adoption of this constitution, shall be eligible to the office of President; neither shall any person be eligible to that office who shall not have attained to the age of thirty-five years, and been fourteen years a resident within the United States.6. In case of the removal of the President from office, or of his death, resignation, or inability to discharge the powers and duties of the said office, the same shall devolve on the Vice President, and the Congress may by law provide for the case of removal, death, resignation or inability, both of the President and Vice President, declaring what officer shall then act as President, and such officer shall act accordingly, until the disability be removed, or a President shall be elected.7. The President shall, at stated times, receive for his services, a compensation, which shall neither be increased nor diminished during the period for which he shall have been elected, and he shall not receive within that period any other emolument from the United States, or any of them.8. Before he enter on the execution of his office, he shall take the following oath or affirmation:---"I do solemnly swear (or affirm) that I will faithfully execute the Office ofPresident of the United States, and will to the best of my ability, preserve, protect and defend the Constitution of the United States."Section 21. The President shall be Commander in Chief of the Army and Navy of the United States, and of the militia of the several States, when called into the actual service of the United States; he may require the opinion, in writing, of the principal officer in each of the Executive Departments, upon any subject relating to the duties of their respective offices, and he shall have power to grant reprieves and pardons for offenses against the United States, except in cases of impeachment.2. He shall have power, by and with the advice and consent of the Senate, to make treaties, provided two thirds of the Senators present concur; and he shall nominate, and by and with the advice and consent of the Senate, shall appoint Ambassadors, other public Ministers and Consuls, Judges of the Supreme Court, and all other officers of the United States, whose appointments are not herein otherwise provided for, and which shall be established by law: but the Congress may by law vest the appointment of such inferior officers, as they think proper, in the President alone, in the courts of law, or in the heads of departments.3. The President shall have power to fill up all vacancies that may happen during the recess of the Senate, by granting commissions, which shall expire at the end of their next session.Section 3He shall from time to time give to the Congress information of the State of the Union, and recommend to their consideration such measures as he shall judge necessary and expedient; he may, on extraordinary occasions, convene both Houses, or either of them, and in case of disagreement between them, with respect to the time of adjournment, he may adjourn them to such time as he shall think proper; he shall receive Ambassadors and other public Ministers; he shall take care that the laws be faithfully executed, and shall commission all the officers of the United States.Section 41. The President, Vice President and all civil officers of the United States, shall be removed from office on impeachment for, and conviction of, treason, bribery, or other high crimes and misdemeanors.Article IIISection 1The judicial power of the United States shall be vested in one supreme court, and in such inferior courts as the Congress may from time to time ordain and establish. The Judges, both of the supreme and inferior courts, shall hold their offices during good behavior, and shall, atstated times, receive for their services a compensation which shall not be diminished during their continuance in office.Section 21. The judicial power shall extend to all cases, in law and equity, arising under this Constitution, the laws of the United States, and treaties made, or which shall be made, under their authority; to all cases affecting Ambassadors, other public Ministers and Consuls; to all cases of admiralty and maritime Jurisdiction; to controversies to which the United States shall be a party; to controversies between two or more States; between a State and citizens of another State; between citizens of different States; between citizens of the same State claiming lands under grants of different States, and between a State, or the citizens thereof, and foreign States, citizens or subjects.2. In all cases affecting Ambassadors, other public Ministers and Consuls, and those in which a State shall be party, the Supreme Court shall have original jurisdiction. In all the other cases before mentioned, the Supreme Court shall have appellate jurisdiction, both as to law and fact, with such exceptions, and under such regulations as the Congress shall make.3. Trial of all crimes, except in cases of impeachment, shall be by jury; and such trial shall be held in the State where the said crimes shall have been committed; but when not committed within any State, the trial shall be at such place or places as the Congress may by law have directed.Section 31. Treason against the United States, shall consist only in levying war against them, or in adhering to their enemies, giving them aid and comfort. No person shall be convicted of treason unless on the testimony of two witnesses to the same overt act, or on confession in open court.2. The Congress shall have power to declare the punishment of treason, but no attainder of treason shall work corruption of blood, or forfeiture except during the life of the person attainted.Article IVSection 1Full faith and credit shall be given in each State to the public acts, records, and judicial proceedings of every other State. And the Congress may by general laws prescribe the manner in which such acts, records and proceedings shall be proved, and the effect thereof.Section 21. The Citizens of each State shall be entitled to all privileges and immunities of citizens in the several States.2. A person charged in any State with treason, felony, or other crime, who shall flee from justice, and be found in another State, shall on demand of the executive authority of theState from which he fled, be delivered up, to be removed to the State having jurisdiction of the crime.3. No person held to service or labour in one State, under the laws thereof, escaping into another, shall, in consequence of any law or regulation therein, be discharged from such service or labour, but shall be delivered up on claim of the party to whom such service or labour may be due.Section 31. New States may be admitted by the Congress into this Union; but no new States shall be formed or erected within the jurisdiction of any other State; nor any State be formed by the junction of two or more States, or parts of States, without the consent of the Legislatures of the States concerned as well as of the Congress.2. The Congress shall have power to dispose of and make all needful rules and regulations respecting the territory or other property belonging to the United States; and nothing in this Constitution shall be so construed as to prejudice any claims of the United States, or of any particular State.Section 4The United States shall guarantee to every State in this Union a Republican form of government, and shall protect each of them against invasion; and on application of the Legislature, or of the Executive (when the Legislature cannot be convened) against domestic violence.Article VThe Congress, whenever two thirds of both Houses shall deem it necessary, shall propose amendments to this Constitution, or, on the application of the legislatures of two thirds of the several States, shall call a convention for proposing amendments, which, in either case, shall be valid to all intents and purposes, as part of this Constitution, when ratified by the Legislatures of three fourths of the several States, or by conventions in three fourths thereof, as the one or the other mode of ratification may be proposed by the Congress; provided that no amendment which may be made prior to the year one thousand eight hundred and eight shall in any manner affect the first and fourth clauses in the Ninth Section of the First Article; and that no State, without its consent, shall be deprived of its equal suffrage in the Senate.Article VI1. All debts contracted and engagements entered into, before the adoption of this Constitution, shall be as valid against the United States under this Constitution, as under the Confederation.2. This Constitution, and the laws of the United States which shall be made in pursuance thereof; and all treaties made, or which shall be made, under the authority of the United States, shall be the supreme law of the land; and the Judges in every State shall be bound thereby, any thing in the Constitution or laws of any State to the contrary notwithstanding.3. The Senators and Representatives before mentioned, and the members of the several State Legislatures, and all Executive and Judicial Officers, both of the United States and of the several States, shall be bound by oath or affirmation, to support this Constitution; but no religious test shall ever be required as a qualification to any office or public trust under the United States.Article VIIThe ratification of the conventions of nine States, shall be sufficient for the establishment of this Constitution between the States so ratifying the same.SignaturesDone in Convention by the Unanimous Consent of the States present the Seventeenth Day of September in the Year of our Lord one thousand seven hundred and Eighty seven and of the Independance (sic) of the United States of America the Twelfth. In Witness whereof We have hereunto subscribed our Names.George Washington - President and deputy from VirginiaNew Hampshire - John Langdon, Nicholas GilmanMassachusetts - Nathaniel Gorham, Rufus KingConnecticut - Wm Saml Johnson, Roger ShermanNew York - Alexander HamiltonNew Jersey - Wil Livingston, David Brearley, Wm Paterson, Jona. DaytonPensylvania[1] - B Franklin, Thomas Mifflin, Robt Morris, Geo. Clymer, Thos FitzSimons, Jared Ingersoll, James Wilson, Gouv MorrisDelaware - Geo. Read, Gunning Bedford jun, John Dickinson, Richard Bassett, Jaco. Broom Maryland - James McHenry, Dan of St Tho Jenifer, Danl CarrollVirginia - John Blair, James Madison Jr.North Carolina - Wm Blount, Richd Dobbs Spaight, Hu WilliamsonSouth Carolina - J. Rutledge, Charles Cotesworth Pinckney, Charles Pinckney, Pierce Butler Georgia - William Few, Abr BaldwinAttest: William Jackson, SecretaryArticles in Addition to, and Amendment of,The Constitution of the United States of America, proposed by Congress, and ratified by the Legislatures of the Several States pursuant to the Fifth Article of the OriginalConstitution:Amendment I [Religion, Speech, Press, Assembly, Petition (1791)]Congress shall make no law respecting an establishment of religion, or prohibiting the free exercise thereof; or abridging the freedom of speech, or of the press; or the right of the people peaceably to assemble, and to petition the Government for a redress of grievances.Amendment II [Right to Bear Arms (1791)]A well regulated Militia, being necessary to the security of a free State, the right of the people to keep and bear Arms, shall not be infringed.Amendment III [Quartering of Troops (1791)]No Soldier shall, in time of peace be quartered in any house, without the consent of the Owner, nor in time of war, but in a manner to be prescribed by law.Amendment IV [Search and Seizure (1791)]The right of the people to be secure in their persons, houses, papers, and effects, against unreasonable searches and seizures, shall not be violated, and no Warrants shall issue, but upon probable cause, supported by Oath or affirmation, and particularly describing the place to be searched, and the persons or things to be seized.Amendment V [Grand Jury, Double Jeopardy, Self-Incrimination, Due Process (1791)] No person shall be held to answer for a capital, or otherwise infamous crime, unless on a presentment or indictment of a Grand Jury, except in cases arising in the land or naval forces, or in the Militia, when in actual service in time of War or public danger; nor shall any person be subject for the same offence to be twice put in jeopardy of life or limb; nor shall be compelled in any criminal case to be a witness against himself, nor be deprived of life, liberty, or property, without due process of law; nor shall private property be taken for public use, without just compensation.Amendment VI [Criminal Prosecutions - Jury Trial, Right to Confront and to Counsel (1791)] In all criminal prosecutions, the accused shall enjoy the right to a speedy and public trial, by an impartial jury of the State and district wherein the crime shall have been committed, which district shall have been previously ascertained by law, and to be informed of the nature and cause of the accusation; to be confronted with the witnesses against him; to have compulsory process for obtaining witnesses in his favor, and to have the Assistance of Counsel for his defense.Amendment VII [Common Law Suits - Jury Trial (1791)]In Suits at common law, where the value in controversy shall exceed twenty dollars, the right of trial by jury shall be preserved, and no fact tried by a jury, shall be otherwisere-examined in any Court of the United States, than according to the rules of the common law.。
病句改错中国国务院新闻办公室1日发表《2003年美国的人权记录》1日，国务院新闻办公室发表了《2003年美国的人权记录》，以回应美国国务院于2月25日发表的《2003年国别人权报告》对包括中国在内各国人权状况的歪曲和指责。
这是国务院新闻办公室针对美国一年一度的国别人权报告连续第五年发表美国的人权记录。
以上是新闻原文。
中国国务院新闻办公室1日发表《2003年美国的人权记录》，以回应美国国务院于2月25日发表的《2003年国别人权报告》对世界各国人权状况的歪曲和指责修改如下【中国国务院新闻办公室3月1日发表《2003年美国的人权记录》，以回应美国国务院于2月25日发表的《2003年国别人权报告》对我国人权状况的歪曲和指责】。
怎么评价新闻栏目《环球视线》？《环球视线》其实就是原本的《国际观察》，算是改良版的《国际新闻》。
其主要栏目内容分为两个部分，一个是播报，世界范围内，当天发生最为重大，最具影响力的新闻；第二部分是特邀专业学者对新闻动态进行重点剖析和评论。
这档栏目的意义不仅是能让全国观众接收来自世界的动态，更在于向全世界表达中国的看法和声音。
就以央视新闻栏目来说，《环球视线》其实算是年轻栏目，开播到今天才不过十几年罢了，和1978的《新闻联播》、1979的《国际新闻》比起来算是个“00后”，但这不代表了《环球视线》是一档不成熟的新闻栏目，而恰恰相反，它较于“老前辈”们，不论是内容和观点，都更符合时下理念，可看性也更强，也更容易被观众所接受。
而且作为新闻栏目而言，它最特别的地方在于会有关于网友对新闻动态的评论播报，这不仅增强了新闻在民众之间的传播性，还能让更多的年轻观众来接受和收看新闻。
除开《环球视线》的独特性，它其实也一直延续了央视新闻栏目的真实感。
虽然它加入专家点评环节和网友观点展示板块，但是在播报环节，仍然保持着新闻播报该有的冷静客观，中立表述原则。
这就让《环球视线》在具有权威认证的基础上，仍然有自由评论的余地。
2010年美国的人权纪录文章属性•【公布机关】国务院新闻办公室•【公布日期】2011.04.10•【分类】政府白皮书正文2010年美国的人权纪录（国务院新闻办公室2011年4月10日）2011年4月8日，美国国务院发表《2010年国别人权报告》，再次对包括中国在内的世界190多个国家和地区的人权状况进行歪曲指责，却对自身糟糕的人权状况熟视无睹，很少提及。
为了敦促美国正视自身的人权问题，我们特发表《2010年美国的人权纪录》。
一、关于生命、财产和人身安全美国是世界上暴力犯罪最严重的国家，公民的生命、财产和人身安全得不到应有的保障。
美国每年约有1/5的人成为各种犯罪行为的受害者，这一比例居全世界之首。
（注1）美国司法部司法统计局2010年10月13日的报告显示，美国12岁以上公民2009年共经历430万起暴力犯罪、1560万起财产犯罪和13.3万起个人盗窃犯罪，犯罪率为每千人17.1起。
（注2）美国多座城市犯罪率激增。
密苏里州的圣路易斯市平均每10万名居民经历暴力犯罪2070多起，成为美国最危险城市。
（注3）底特律市每年发生恶性暴力案件1.5万多起，平均每10万人经历暴力事件1600起。
2010年，美国费城、芝加哥、洛杉矶、纽约四大城市的凶杀案件均比2009年增多。
（注4）2010年3月29日至4月4日，洛杉矶郡一周发生25起凶杀案；2010年上半年，洛杉矶郡凶杀死亡人数高达373人。
（注5）截至11月11日，纽约市共发生凶杀案464起，较2009年同期的400起增长16%。
（注6）美国枪支管理松懈，泛滥成灾。
路透社2010年11月10日报道，美国是全世界私人拥有枪支最多的国家，在3亿人口中，有约9000万人共持有2亿支枪。
2010年6月28日，美国联邦最高法院大法官裁定，宪法第二修正案确保个人拥有枪支的权利适用于各州和地方枪支控制法，从而将美国人以自卫目的拥有枪支的权利扩及全国。
（注7）田纳西州、亚利桑那州、乔治亚州和维吉尼亚州允许在酒吧里携带装有弹药的手枪。
美国人权报告
美国人权报告是由美国国务院发布的一份年度报告，旨在记录和评估美国境内和境外的人权状况。
报告详细描述了涵盖政治权利、言论和新闻自由、宗教自由、劳工权益、妇女权益、儿童权益、少数族裔权益、LGBTQ+权益等各方面的情况。
美国人权报告的目的是为了向全球展示美国在人权领域的表现，并将其作为一个参考标准，以评估其他国家的人权记录。
报告的内容是通过美国国务院的外交和领事机构在世界各地的使领馆、人权组织、媒体、学术研究和其他可靠渠道收集的信息进行编写。
美国人权报告通常会涉及一些敏感的人权问题和挑战，比如针对少数族裔或其他弱势群体的歧视、监狱和拘留设施中的人权问题、极端主义活动对言论自由的限制等等。
报告还会对美国政府的人权政策和实践进行评估和批评。
然而，美国人权报告本身也受到一些批评，包括政治偏见、双重标准和忽略自身问题等。
有些人认为，美国借发布人权报告来对其他国家施加压力，同时忽略了自身的人权问题。
尽管存在一些争议，但美国人权报告仍然是一个重要的参考资料，可以帮助了解美国和其他国家的人权现状，并促进人权问题的讨论和改善。
美国的人权姓名：汤文雅班级：081国政0班学号：200833043关键词：人权美国人权报告当今国际社会，“人权”之词所用的频率越来越高，众所周知，美国常常用“人权自由”来干涉我国的内政，诽谤我国的制度。
美国的人权观是双重标准的，是自私自利的，无原则可言。
也可以说，美国的人权观是霸权主义的人权观，世界上许多国家对美国的这种人权观的认识越来越清楚了，同时，对美国的这种虚伪的人权观也越来越厌恶了。
人权，不仅指公民权利和政治权利，还包括经济、社会和文化权利。
特别是经济、社会和文化权利的提出和确认，使人权概念突破了西方资产阶级人权的狭隘界限。
当今国际社会的人权概念已经不是单纯的个人权利，而是将集体人权即民族自决权、发展权、和平权、种族平等权等也纳入其中。
相对于个人的财产权、自由权和安全权而言，殖民地、附属国人民实现民族自决、维护国家独立的权利，发展中国家人民自由处置其自然资源和财富、发展民族经济的权利，世界各国人民共享和平与安全的权利，都更为重要。
集体人权的确认，反映了广大第三世界国家坚持反帝、反殖、反霸，维护国家独立和人民生存与发展的要求。
这是人权概念在国际范围内的重大突破。
人权的基本内容主要包括生命权、自由权、财产权、尊严权、助获权、公正权。
人权的基本内容仅仅一种最低限的保障，在现代文明社会中，这显然是远远不够的。
所以又出现了很多对人权的扩充。
人权的进阶内容一般都是基本内容的融合、扩展、深化。
进阶内容主要包括发展权和民族自决权。
生命权是最基本，最重要的人权，如果无法充分保障人的生命权，那么一切其它权利都是空中楼阁。
无端剥夺人的生命，或者肆意对人施加恐吓、虐待和折磨，就是用一种非人权的待人方式。
“自由权”这个混合体词语不应存在，“权”已经是个包含了具体的规范，有容许和禁止的条文，而"自由"是含有无限制无约束性的主观感性概念性形容词，把无限局限于规范性"权"之内是合逻辑的表达。
国新办：2008年美国的人权纪录2009年02月27日07:56 [我来说两句(9)] [字号：大 中 小]来源：解放军报美国公民权利受到越来越多限制据新华社北京2月26日电（记者吴晶、朱林）中国国务院新闻办公室26日发表的《2008年美国的人权纪录》指出，在美国，公民权利正在受到越来越多的限制。
文章援引《华盛顿邮报》网站2008年4月4日的报道称：一项已运用的新监视技术“深度包检测”能够记录用户访问的每一个网页、发出的每一封邮件和进行的每一次搜索。
据统计，美国至少有10万名网络用户被跟踪，服务商曾对多达10%的美国网络用户进行过测试。
美国联邦调查局参与了美国政府在国内开展的非法监视活动，通过非正当方式获得成千上万人的电话记录、银行账户及其他个人信息。
文章又援引《西雅图时报》2008年7月15日的报道：白宫7月10日签署的新版窃听法是“对美国公民的安全至关重要的标志性立法”。
这一法律按照行政当局的要求给予参与窃听项目的电信公司以法律豁免权，同时授权行政当局可以为了反恐需要对通信方在美国境外的国际间通信进行未经法庭允许的窃听活动。
文章援引《华盛顿邮报》的报道称，美国国土安全部2008年7月宣布，作为过境搜查政策的组成部分，联邦官员可以在旅客没做出任何错事的情况下，把旅客的手提电脑或其他电子设备无限期地带离现场。
美国贫困饥饿和无家可归者增多据新华社北京2月26日电（记者吴晶、白瀛）中国国务院新闻办公室26日发表的《2008年美国的人权纪录》指出，美国人的经济、社会和文化权利缺乏应有的保障。
美国贫困、饥饿和无家可归者增多。
文章援引美国人口普查局2008年8月公布的统计数字：2007年，美国的贫困率为12.5%，贫困人口3730万人，比2006年3650万人多出80万人，其中生活在贫困线以下的18岁以下儿童达到18%，高于2006年的17.4%，陷入贫困的家庭占9.8%，达760万户。
全年共有156万人年收入只达到贫困线的一半，占贫困人口的41.8%。
网站首页专题首页相关解读相关报道首页>国新视点>国新办发表《2014年美国的人权纪录》Full text of Human Rights Record of the United States in 2014The State Council Information Office of the People's Republic of China published a report titled "Human Rights Record of the United States in 2014" on Friday.Following is the report's full text:Human Rights Record of the United States in 2014State Council Information Office of the People's Republic of ChinaForewordOn June 25 local time, the State Department of the United States released its country reports on human rights practices once again, making comments on the human rights situations in many countries while showing not a bit of regret for orintention to improve its own terrible human rights record. Plenty of facts show that, in 2014, the U.S., a self-proclaimed human rights defender, saw no improvements in its existent human rights issues, but reported numerous new problems. While its own human rights situation was increasingly grave, the U.S. violated human rights in other countries in a more brazen manner, and was given more "red cards" in the international human rights field.The U.S. was haunted by spreading guns, frequent occurrence of violent crimes, which threatened citizens' civil rights.Statistics showed that the use of firearms in the U.S. was behind 69 percent of murders, while for robberies, the figure was 40 percent, and for aggravated assaults, 21.6 percent (). The excessive use of force by police officers led to many deaths, sparking public outcry. An unarmed 18-year-old African-American Michael Brown was shot dead by a white police officer named Darren Wilson in Ferguson, a town in Missouri. After the grand jury of both Missouri and New York decided to bring no charges against the white police officer, massive protests broke out in more than 170 cities nationwide (, November 25, 2014).The U.S. used cruel tortures indiscriminately, notably those carried out by the Central Intelligence Agency (CIA). To 国务院新闻办公室网站 2015-06-26 来源： acquire intelligence from suspects of terrorism and extremism, the CIA used brutal methods, such as sleep deprivation, waterboarding, long-term solitary confinement, slamming prisoners against the wall, lashing, death threat and even "rectal rehydration" or rectal feeding. United Nations human rights convention institutions such as the UN Human Rights Committee and the Committee Against Torture had raised their concerns over issues in the U.S., including terrible detention conditions for convicts awaiting execution, abuse of brutal methods, secret detention, indefinite arbitrary detention, and illegal wire-tapping which infringed citizens' privacy. These institutions called on the U.S. to conduct swift, effective and fair investigations into all brutal behaviors and abuse of forces of the police force ().The U.S. is a country with grim problems of racial discrimination, and institutional discrimination against ethnic minorities continued. Serious racial bias persisted in the police and justice systems. Minority groups and indigenous people are subject to unfairness in environment, election, health care, housing, education and other fields. In August 2014, the United Nations Committee on the Elimination of Racial Discrimination, in its concluding observation on the periodic report of the U.S. on the latter's implementation of relevant convention, slammed the U.S. for violating the rights of ethnic minorities, indigenous people, immigrants and other minority groups. It criticized the fact that members of racial and ethnic minorities continued to be disproportionately arrested, incarcerated and subjected to harsher sentences ().Money is a deciding factor in the U.S. politics, and the U.S. citizens' political rights were not properly protected. Despite the highest midterm election spending in history, general election voter turnout for the 2014 midterms was the lowest since World War II. "Dark money" flowed into elections, and the voting rights of racial minorities and other groups were intentionally suppressed. A few interest groups with power were able to influence the government's decision-making. As a renowned scholar pointed out sharply, the U.S. democratic system was experiencing a crisis of representation. "Ordinary citizens feel that their supposedly democratic government no longer truly reflects their interests and is under the control of a variety of shadowy elites (Foreign Affairs, September/October 2014)."Although the U.S. is the most developed country in the world, it is hard for the economic and social rights of itscitizens to be soundly ensured. In the process of economic recovery, the income inequality continued to be enlarged, the basic living conditions for the homeless people deteriorated, the health care system operated terribly and the education rights of average citizens were violated. In October 2014, the United Nations Special Rapporteurs criticized the unprecedented water shut-offs in Detroit disproportionately affected the most vulnerable and poorest people, violating their right of access to drinking water and other international human rights.American women and children's rights were not fully protected. Women were discriminated at workplaces, and domestic violence was prevalent. Each year, 2.1 million American women on average were assaulted by men. Three females were murdered by their partner each day, and four females died each day as a result of abuse. In the U.S. military, reports of female soldiers getting harassed were on the rise, and more faced repercussions for reporting assaults. Millions of American children were homeless. Three children died each day as a result of abuse. School violence and sex assaults were pervasive and gun shootings happened from time to time.National Security Agency and other intelligence-gathering apparatus of the U.S. for a long time have spied on world leaders and civilians. The U.S. has not ratified the Convention on the Elimination of all Forms of Discrimination against Women and the Convention on the Rights of the Child. The U.S. government often takes an evasive or uncooperative attitude toward the criticism of the United Nations Human Rights Council, Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights of UN, the council's working groups and special rapporteurs.I. On Civil RightsIn the U.S., problems concerning respecting and protecting civil rights are severe. The nation is haunted by spreading guns, frequent occurrence of violent crimes, the excessive use of force by police that infringed on citizens' personal rights, as well as wide criticism of illegal eavesdropping that violated citizens' right of privacy.Civil rights are threatened by rampant violent crimes. According to the "Crime in the United States" released by the FBI, there were an estimated 1,163,146 violent crimes reported to law enforcement in 2013, of which 14,196 are murders, 79,770 are rapes, 345,031 robberies and 724,149 aggravated assaults (.) There were an estimated 367.9 violent crimes per 100,000 inhabitants in 2013. The Market Watch announced 10 most dangerous cities in America(, November 20, 2014)). The lowest ranking of the ten was Birmingham in Alabama, where 1,345 crimes were reported for every 100,000 residents, while in Detroit, 2,072 violent crimes were reported for 100,000 residents, the highest in the nation in 2013. In 2014, Los Angeles's overall total of violent crimes was up 7.6 percent by early October, compared with the same time in 2013 (The Los Angeles Times, October 4, 2014). There was about 1,500 violent crimes registered a month in 2014. Meanwhile, gang violence in the U.S. was at an all time high. There were currently an estimated 1.7 million gang members spread throughout the country (, November 1, 2014).The rampant use of guns was not contained. Though the FBI had launched federal background checks to block groups like fugitives and felons, from buying firearms, local law enforcement authorities did not report arrest warrants to the database used to screen gun buyers (The USA Today, April 23, 2014). Consequently, tens of thousands of fugitives including those facing serious charges can pass the background checks and bought firearms. Statistics showed that the use offirearms was behind about 69 percent of the murders in the U.S., while for robberies, the figure was 40 percent, and for aggravated assaults, 21.6 percent (, September 24, 2014). A total of 2,215 people were shot in Chicago in the first 10 months of 2014 (, November 1, 2014,). There were 30 shooting cases reported in three days in a week in the city (, November 19, 2014).Law enforcement authorities were run with a loose rein, with some even turning a blind eye to fugitives. Police officers were ignoring sex crimes on a regular basis. A report released in November by the inspector general of New Orleans found that of 1,290 sex crime calls for service assigned to five New Orleans police detectives from 2011 to 2013, 840 were designated as miscellaneous, and nothing at all was done (The New York Times, November 13, 2014). Of the 450 calls that led to the creation of an initial investigative report, no further documentation was found for 271 of them. Police and prosecutors were allowing tens of thousands of wanted felons to escape justice merely by crossing a state border (The USA Today, March 12, 2014). A confidential FBI database chronicled 186,873 of these cases, including more than 3,300 accusedof sex crimes. A total of 78,878 felony suspects won't be extradited from any place but neighboring states (The USA Today, March 12, 2014). Police indicated they would not spend the time or money to retrieve the fugitive from another state.There was excessive use of violence by police. The Wall Street Journal reported on December 3, 2014, that many of the law enforcement agencies did not submit the statistics about killings by police when enforcing laws to the FBI. The report found at least 1,800 police killings took place in 105 police departments between 2007 and 2012. The Associated Press reported on December 7, 2014 that at least 400 deaths happened every year as a result of the law enforcement activities by the U.S. police officers, most of who were not prosecuted. And some police officers had repeated killings on record, though they were investigated for every case. There were 55 police officers who were sued at least 10 times with one being sued for 28 times. Los Angeles Times reported on September 14 that since 2004 a committee reviewed 809 complaints of excessive force or misconduct at the Southwest border, but no police officers had been punished.In July 17, 2014, African-American resident Eric Garner was choked to death when several white New York police officers were arresting him. Garner, unarmed, put his hands up during the process, saying he couldn't breathe many times, and then he was grabbed from behind in a chokehold which was banned, until he lost consciousness (, December 3, 2014). Darren Wilson, a white police officer, fatally shot Michael Brown, an unarmed 18-year-old African-American, on August 9, 2014 in Ferguson, a town in Missouri. The shootings had generated continued riots in the town (The New York Times, November 25, 2014). After the grand jury of both Missouri and New York decided to bring no charges against the white police officer, massive protests broke out in more than 170 cities (, November 25, 2014). The protests were cracked down by authorities, with police aggressively arresting citizens on the streets. Some residents in Ferguson were unlawfully arrested by police and were just trying to get home when they were picked up and taken to jail (, December 2, 2014). Since August 2014, roughly 300 people, including local residents and activists aswell as organizers and journalists who traveled to Ferguson, had been arrested amid the protests (The Chicago Tribune, December 1, 2014). "Ferguson incident" was a bitter result of the excessive use of force by police in law enforcement. New York Daily News reported on October 8, 2014, that two police officers beat a 16-year-old teenager Karhreem Tribble with grips of fire arms. Several of the teenager's teeth were broken and his mouth was swollen. In another report the next day, the paper said a police officer swiped 1,300 dollars from a man during a stop-and-frisk. When the man and his sister complained and tried to get his badge number, the officer then pepper-sprayed him and his sister. What was more disturbing, the other officer was just standing around watching. On November 23, 2014, police in the U.S. city of Cleveland, Ohio, shot and killed a 12-year-old boy who was in a playground waving around what turned out to be a replica gun (, November 23, 2014 ).Security authorities were illegally eavesdropping, infringing on citizens' privacy. The Privacy and Civil Liberties Oversight Board, an independent federal privacy watchdog, concluded that the National Security Agency's (NSA) program to bulk phone call records was illegal (The New York Times, January 23, 2014). The Huffington Post reported on February 27, 2014 that U.S. District Judge William Martini dismissed a lawsuit brought by eight Muslims, affirming the New York Police Department's right to spy on Muslim communities in New Jersey, drawing fire from several human rights groups, including the American Civil Liberties Union (, February 27, 2014). The Prism gate continued to reveal that American law firm was monitored by the NSA while representing a foreign government in trade disputes with the United States. On July 16, 2014, Navi Pillay, the then UN High Commissioner for Human Rights, said the mass surveillance programs and related polices by some states were not transparent, creating an interference with privacy at a press conference on the right to privacy in the digital age (, July 16, 2014). According to Pillay, coercing private providers into offering massive personal information and data about customers without their noticing or consent was against rules set in documents including the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights.Prisons in the U.S. were crowded and violence and deaths there were increasing. According to a report titled "Prisoners in 2013" by the Bureau of Justice Statistics, U.S. state and federal correctional facilities held an estimated 1,574,700 prisoners on December 31, 2013, an increase of 4,300 prisoners from yearend 2012 (, September 16, 2014). In some places, prisons resorted to early releases because of the surge in prisoners. Across California, more than 13,500 inmates were being released early each month to relieve crowding in local jails - a 34 percent increase over the last three years. In Los Angeles County, with a quarter of California's jail population, male inmates often were released after serving as little as 10 percent of their sentences and female prisoners after 5 percent (The Los Angeles Times, August 17, 2014). Due to lax management, violence in prisons was occurring frequently. In 2012, 4,309 inmates died while in the custody of local jails or state prisons (, October 9, 2014). The number of deaths in local jails increased, from 889 in 2011 to 958 in 2012. In Rikers Island, a vast New York City jail complex, the use of force by correctionofficers jumped nearly 240 percent over the last decade since 2004 (The New York Times, March 19, 2014). In the Julia Tutwiler Prison in Alabama, there was a large amount of complaints about the sex abuse and harassment involving guards and supervisors. However, state investigators time and again classified the complaints as unfounded or unsubstantiated and often recommended that the matters be closed without further action (The Washington Post, October 6, 2014).II. On Political RightsAs a renowned political scientist pointed out, the U.S. political system has decayed over time, and in an environment of sharp political polarization, this decentralized system gives excessive representation to the views of interest groups and activist organizations (Foreign Affairs, September/October 2014). Former U.S. President Jimmy Carter said that the world sees "a democracy that's not working" (, October 11, 2013). It revealed the institutional root for thefact that the political rights of U.S. citizens had not been effectively protected.Money is still a deciding factor for the U.S. politics. Total spending in the 2014 midterm races was projected to top 4 billion U.S. dollars nationwide, making it the most expensive midterm election in history (, October 28, 2014). Outside groups with political agendas picked up a larger share of the bill. More money than ever in the midterm came from secret sources. The influence of average Americans on the election results diminished (, November 2, 2014). "K Street" in Washington, D.C. -- located between Capitol Hill and the White House and known as a metonym for the country's lobbing industry -- became the fourth power center in the U.S. after administration, legislation and justice. Behind legalized lobbying was the political manipulation by money and capital. Unfettered corporate political donations became "legalized bribery" (, October 11, 2013). According to a USA Today report on September 10, 2014, "dark money" kept flowing into elections since a landmark Supreme Court decision in 2010 opened the floodgate on political donations. The U.S. Supreme Court ruled on Citizens United v. Federal Election Commission case on January 21, 2010 that the rules to restrict election campaign expenditures by for-profit corporations was in violation of the Constitution. During the 2014 campaign season, dark money exceeded 53 million U.S. dollars, up from 16 million U.S.dollars in 2010 (, September 10, 2014). Everything wrong with campaigns for other offices - big money, special interest groups and TV attack ads - also infected judicial election. Spending by outside groups to elect judges increased eight-fold from before the 2002 elections to that leading up to 2012 (, October 28, 2014). A legal scholar points out that interest groups are able to influence members of Congress legally simply by making donations and waiting for unspecified return favors. The democratic process has been corrupted or hijacked. In the contemporaryU.S., elites speak the language of liberty but are perfectly happy to settle for privilege (Foreign Affairs,September/October 2014).The voting rights of racial minorities and other groups are under suppression. The voting rights in the U.S. arerestricted by economic income, race and other factors, and many citizens were prevented from voting. Preliminary exitpolls showed that voters of African origins accounted for 12 percent in the 2014 midterm election, down from 13 percent in the 2012 presidential election. Hispanic voters dropped from 10 percent in 2012 to 8 percent and the proportion of Asian voters also reduced to two percent from three percent (, November 5, 2014). In 2014, the Supreme Court said that Texas could use its controversial new voter identification law for the November election. Roughly 600,000 voters, many of them black or Latino, could be turned away at the polls because they lacked acceptable identification (, October 18, 2014). Voting rights advocates were up in arms over the socioeconomic and racial factors of these new restrictions (, November 3, 2014). In addition, criminal disenfranchisement removed massive swaths of society from the democratic process as a collateral consequence of conviction. A striking 5.85 million Americans could not vote because of a criminal conviction before. Many disenfranchised citizens lived in Iowa, Kentucky, or Florida -- thethree states with extreme policies of disenfranchising anyone with a felony conviction for life (, November 17, 2014).The American citizens have increasingly lost confidence in electoral politics. According to most polls, Americans approached the 2014 elections in a sour mood. Two-thirds said the nation had gotten off on the wrong track(, November 2, 2014). According to a report by the Huffington Post on December 2, 2014, only nine percent of Americans approved of Congress in the weeks leading up to the midterms elections (, December 2, 2014). In contrast to the high costs, general election voter turnout for the 2014 midterms was the lowest in any election cycle since the World War II. As of November 3, 2014, only 36.4 percent of the voting-eligible population cast ballots. Indiana had the lowest turnout rate, with just 28 percent of eligible voters participating (, November 10, 2014).III. On Economic and Social RightsDespite the gradual recovery of the U.S. economy in 2014, unemployment and poverty still threatened the basic right of survival for the U.S. people. The living conditions for homeless people continuously deteriorated; the income and property gaps caused by distribution inequality continued to enlarge; ordinary people's rights of health and education could not be well ensured as relative resources were more frequently used to serve the rich.Unemployment posed threat to people's basic right of survival. According to the figures released by the Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS), the unemployment rate of the U.S. in January 2015 stood at 5.7 percent, with some nine million people jobless and 2.8 million of them having been unemployed for 27 weeks or longer. The unemployment rate for teenagers (18.8 percent) increased in January (). Although overall U.S. unemployment has fallen in 2014, seven million Americans could only find part-time positions. The number of people working part-time involuntarily is more than 50 percent higher than when the recession began, and almost 30 percent of involuntary part-time workers were unemployed forat least three months in a year (, November 20, 2014). The unemployment risk forced more people to work on dangerous positions. The BLS data showed that 734 contract workers were killed on the job in the U.S. in 2013, increasing by 35 percent from the 2011 number. A bill known as the Protecting America's Workers Act has been proposed in every Congress since 2004 but has never made it out of committee (, October 15, 2014).Poverty rate remained high. Research showed that over 14.5 percent of Americans (about 45 million) lived below the poverty line in 2013, of whom 27.2 percent were African Americans (about 11 million). About 42.5 percent of the African American single-mother families and 14.6 percent of people aged 65 and above (about 6.5 million) lived in poverty(, September 16, 2014; , October 17, 2014). The high poverty rate left one in seven Americans relying on food pantries and meal service programs to feed themselves and their families (, August 17, 2014). Nearly one in five New Yorkers, 1.4 million people, relied on food pantries and soup kitchens across the city to eat. That represented an increase of 200,000 people in five years (The New York Daily News, March 17, 2014). An estimated 322,300 people in 17 Northeast Florida Counties turned to food pantries and meal service programs to feed themselves and their families, and 29 percent were children under age 18 (, August 27, 2014). On October 20, 2014, the Special Rapporteur on the human right to safe drinking water and sanitation and Special Rapporteur on adequate housing of the United Nations voiced their concerns on the cutting-off of water supply for the families that could not pay the water bills in Detroit City, considering it a violation to the right of access to drinking water and other international basic human rights.The basic living conditions for homeless people deteriorated. Statistics showed that the homeless population reached toover 610,000 in the U.S. in 2014, including high levels of child, youth and veteran homelessness (, May 28, 2014). In recent years, homelessness in New York City has reached the highest levels since the Great Depression of the 1930s. The Basic facts about homelessness: New York City, released by the Coalition for the Homeless in November 2014 showed that in September 2014, there were an all-time record 58,056 homeless people, including 24,631 homeless children (). An estimated 850 families in Washington D.C. were projected to be homeless in the winter of 2014, a 16 percent increase from the year before (The Washington Post, October 14, 2014). However, the number of cities that prohibit sleeping in vehicles jumped from 37 in 2011 to 81 in 2014. The number that prohibit sitting or lying in public spaces increased from 70 in 2011 to 100 in 2014 (, July 16, 2014). In the U.S., 21 cities have managed to pass legislation banning or restricting organizations from sharing food with homeless populations in public places since January 2013 alone, according to a report by the National Coalition for the Homeless (, November 30, 2014). The city of San Jose in California is known as one of the world's most opulent locations, however, San Jose and the surrounding Santa Clara County estimated almost 7,600 homeless people in 2013. In early December 2014, city officials planned to begin shutting down the encampments built by the homeless people along a creek bed. The majority of the people have said they don't know what they're going to do (The Los Angeles Times, December 4, 2014).The income inequality has been continuously growing. Over the past decade, the incomes of the richest Americans have grown by 86 percent, while the incomes of everyone else have grown at just a little over six percent, according to media report (, January 8, 2014). A Pew Research Center study showed that the percentage of people who classified themselves as middle class has shrunk to 44 percent in 2014 from 53 percent in 2008. At the same time, the study showed, those who classified themselves as lower- or lower-middle class has risen to 40 percent in 2014 vs. 25 percent in 2008 (, September 25, 2014). In 2013, the difference in income between the country's rich and poor was the highest in almost 80 years (, September 2, 2014). In 2014, 65 percent of all Americans believed inequality was growing (, June 11, 2014).The health care system was not able to widely protect citizens' right of health. According to Commonwealth Fund's latest findings, the U.S. health care system has the least efficient, least fair and worst health outcomes among the 11 peer nations surveyed. Americans have the highest death rate, the highest infant death rate and worst health at age 60. Yet Americans pay more than double what people in these other nations pay (, June 24, 2014).Statistics revealed that every year, about 42.5 million American adults (or 18.2 percent of the total adult population in the U.S.) suffer from some mental illness, enduring conditions such as depression, bipolar disorder or schizophrenia (, February 28, 2014). About 3.7 million Americans with serious mental illness, psychological distress or a substance abuse disorder are not covered by health insurance (, April 8, 2014). There's a suicide in the U.S. every 13 minutes. The nearly 40,000 American lives lost each year make suicide the second-leading killer for those aged 15-34 (The USA Today, October 10, 2014). Despite of the insufficient health care, since the beginning of 2010, 43 rural hospitals have closed, each serving about 10,000 people, who are the most vulnerable in the society (The USA Today, November 14, 2014).The right to education of average people was not effectively protected. A study by the New America Foundation found that 69 percent of private colleges asked students whose families earned $30,000 or less to turn over half that income for tuition in 2012. College access opportunities were limited only to those who are rich enough to afford it due to high tuition fees (, September 18, 2014). Statistics showed that currently 29 percent of the young Americans have less education than their parents. Across the O.E.C.D, an average of 70 percent of three-year-olds are enrolled in education programs, while in the U.S., it's 38 percent (, October 29, 2014).。
