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欧盟电机能效标准从2011年6月16日起，新的针对低压电机的欧盟最低能效标准法规开始生效。
新法规涉及的功率0.75~375kW、50Hz和60Hz的2极、4极、6极交流电机。
第一阶段(从2011年6月16日起)，新法规所涉及的电机在欧盟市场上出售时，都必须至少达到国际能效等级2级(IE2)标准。
第二阶段(从2015年1月起实施)，要求输出功率在7.5-375kW的电机必须达到IE3能效等级，或者在达到IE2等级的同时加装变频器。
第三阶段(从2017年1月起实施)，涉及范围扩展到输出功率0.75-375kW的电机，它们必须达到IE3能效等级，或者在达到IE2等级的同时加装变频器。
美国“能源政策法令”(EPACT法令)20世纪70年代第一次能源危机后，美国能源部组织相关机构积极研究开发高效电动机，并采用市场方式推广高效电动机的应用。
但到1988年时发现高效电动机的推广应用速度甚缓，市场占有率还不到20%。
为了改变这种情况，美国政府于90年代初决定采取行政干预的方式。
1992年，美国国会通过了“能源政策法令”(EPACT法令)。
该法令对电动机的最低效率值做出了规定，并要求在60个月后正式生效。
从1997年10月24日起，凡是在美国销售的通用电机，都必须达到最新制定的最低效率指标，即EPACT效率指标。
EPACT效率指标是根据美国全国电气制造商协会(NEMA)1990年的标准NEMA12-10(即NEMA12-6C)的规定制订的。
EPACT所规定的效率指标为当时美国主要电动机制造商所生产的高效电动机效率指标的平均值。
加拿大电动机能效标准1992年加拿大议会通过了能源效率法令(EEACT)，其中包括了电动机的最低能效标准，并规定该标准在1997年开始正式生效，其电动机效率指标和美国EPACT 指标相同。
由于此标标准依据法令固定强制实施，所以高校率电动机在加拿大得到了迅速的推广。
澳大利亚、新西兰电动机能效标准澳大利亚政府为节约能源和保护环境，自1999年起开始对家用电器和工业设备实施强制性能效标准计划(Mandatory Energy Efficiency Per-formance Standards)，或称MEPS计划，由澳大利亚政府下属温室气体办公室会同澳大利亚标准委员会进行管理。
空调设备欧洲标准EN 14511-2（中国洁净室建设网http://www.jjtm.ne整理）. EUROPEAN STANDARDNORME EUROPÉENNEEUROPÄISCHE NORMEN 14511-2May 2004ICS 23.120 Supersedes EN 12055:1998, EN 255-2:1997, EN 814-2:1997English versionAir conditioners, liquid chilling packages and heat pumps withelectrically driven compressors for space heating and cooling -Part 2: Test conditionsClimatiseurs, groupes refroidisseurs de liquide et pompes àchaleur avec compresseur entraîné par moteur électri quepour le chauffage et la réfrigération - Partie 2 : Conditionsd'essaiLuftkonditionierer, Flüssigkeitskühlsätze undWärmepumpen mit elektrisch angetriebenen Verdichternfür die Raumheizung und -kühlung - Teil 2:PrüfbedingungenThis European Standard was approved by CEN on 30 April 2004.CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this EuropeanStandard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such nationalstandards may be obtained on application to the Central Secretariat or to any CEN member.This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German).A version in any other language made by translationunder the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the Central Secretariat has the same status as the officialversions.CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France,Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Slovakia,Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom.EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATIONCOMITÉ EUROPÉEN DE NORMALISATIONEUROPÄISCHES KOMITEE FÜR NORMUNGManagement Centre: rue de Stassart, 36 B-1050 Brussels© 2004 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved worldwide for CEN national Members.Ref. No. EN 14511-2:2004: EEN 14511-2:2004 (E)2ContentspageForeword (3)1 Scope (4)2 Normative references (4)3 Terms and definitions (4)4 Test conditions (5)4.1 Environmental conditions and electrical power supplyrequirements (5)4.2 Rating conditions (5)Annex A (normative) Energy labelling application (12)A.1 General (12)A.2 Rating conditions (12)A.2.1 General (12)A.2.2 Air-cooled air conditioners (air-to-air conditioners) .. 12A.2.3 Single-duct air conditioners (12)A.2.4 Water-cooled air conditioners (water-to-air conditioners) ...............12A.2.5 Other appliances (13)A.3 Test procedure (13)A.4 Tolerances permitted on declared values (13)A.4.1 General (13)A.4.2 First testing (13)A.4.3 Second testing (13)Annex ZA (informative) Relationship of this document with EC Directives 14 Bibliography ... . (15)3ForewordThis document (EN 14511-2:2004) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 113 “Heat pumpsand air conditioning units”, the secretariat of which is held by AENOR.This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an identicaltext or by endorsement, at the latest by November 2004, and conflicting nationa l standards shall be withdrawnat the latest by November 2004.This document supersedes EN 255-2:1997, EN 814-2:1997, EN 12055:1998.This document has been prepared under a mandate given to CEN by the European Co mmission and theEuropean Free Trade Association, and supports essential requirements of EU Dire ctive(s).For relationship with EU Directive(s), see informative annex ZA, which is an in tegral part of this document.This standard consists of the following parts:Part 1: Air conditioners, liquid chilling packages and heat pumps with electric ally driven compressors forspace heating and cooling - Part 1: Terms and definitions.Part 2: Air conditioners, liquid chilling packages and heat pumps with electric ally driven compressors forspace heating and cooling - Part 2: Test conditions.Part 3: Air conditioners, liquid chilling packages and heat pumps with electric ally driven compressors forspace heating and cooling - Part 3: Test methods.Part 4: Air conditioners, liquid chilling packages and heat pumps with electric ally driven compressors forspace heating and cooling - Part 4: Requirements.Annex A is normative.According to the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organ izations of the followingcountries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Cypr us, Czech Republic,Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania,Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Slovakia, Slovenia, S pain, Sweden, Switzerlandand United Kingdom.41 ScopeThis part of EN 14511 specifies the test conditions for the rating of air and w ater cooled air conditioners, liquidchilling packages, air-to-air, water-to-air, air-to-water and water-to-water he at pumps with electrically drivencompressors when used for space heating and/or cooling. It also specifies test conditions for heat recoveryoperation of multisplit systems.This European Standard applies to factory-made units that can be ducted.This standard applies to factory-made liquid chilling packages with integral co ndensers or for use with remotecondensers.This standard applies to factory-made units of either fixed capacity or variabl e capacity by any means.Packaged units, single split and multisplit systems are covered by this standar d, except water cooled multisplitsystems.In the case of units consisting of several parts, the standard applies only to those designed and supplied as acomplete package, except for liquid chilling packages with remote condenser. This standard is primarily intended for water and brine chilling packages but c an be used for other liquid subject toagreement.This standard applies to air-to-air air conditioners which evaporate the conden sate on the condenser side.The units having their condenser cooled by air and by the evaporation of extern al additional water are notcovered by this standard.This standard does not apply to units using transcritical cycles, e.g. with CO2 as refrigerant.Installations used for heating and/or cooling of industrial processes are not w ithin the scope of this standard.NOTE Part load testing of units is dealt with in CEN/TS 14825.2 Normative referencesThis European Standard incorporates by dated or undated reference, provisions f rom other publications.These normative references are cited at the appropriate places in the text, and the publications are listedhereafter. For dated references, subsequent amendments to or revisions of any o f these publications apply tothis European Standard only when incorporated in it by amendment or revision. F or undated references thelatest edition of the publication referred to applies (including amendments). EN 14511-1:2004, Air conditioners, liquid chilling packages and heat pumps with electrically drivencompressors for space heating and cooling - Part 1: Terms and definitions.EN 14511-3:2004, Air conditioners, liquid chilling packages and heat pumps with electrically drivencompressors for space heating and cooling - Part 3: Test methods.EN 14511-4:2004, Air conditioners, liquid chilling packages and heat pumps with electrically drivencompressors for space heating and cooling - Part 4: Requirements.3 Terms and definitionsFor the purposes of this European Standard, the terms and definitions given in EN 14511-1:2004 apply.54 Test conditions4.1 Environmental conditions and electrical power supply requirementsThe tests shall be carried out under the environmental conditions specified in Table 1 or Table 2 depending on thelocation of the unit.For all units, electrical power voltage and frequency shall be given by the man ufacturer4.2 Rating conditionsFor the rating tests, the appropriate test conditions shall be applied in accordance with:Annex A(normative)Energy labelling applicationA.1 GeneralThe present standard shall be used to declare the energy efficiency class and t o provide performancecharacteristics of air conditioners and heat pumps under the scope of the Energ y Labelling Directive2002/31/EC, for both the labelling and the technical documentation.A.2 Rating conditionsA.2.1 GeneralThe rating conditions for which the performance are declared are indicated in t his standard and are specifiedhereafter for each type of product covered by the energy labelling.The performance rating shall be established in accordance with the test procedu re of EN 14511-3.A.2.2 Air-cooled air conditioners (air-to-air conditioners)Standard rating conditions “comfort” indicated in Table 4 shall be used to de termine the cooling capacity, theEER, the annual energy consumption and the efficiency class of single split and packaged air-cooled airconditioners.For reverse cycle units, the heating capacity and the efficiency class shall be determined from one of thestandard rating conditions indicated in Table 3 depending of the heat source an d heat sink.Standard rating conditions indicated in Table 14 shall be used to determine the cooling capacity, the EER, theannual energy consumption and the efficiency class of multisplit air conditione rs.For reverse cycle units, the heating capacity and the efficiency class shall be determined from one of thestandard rating conditions indicated in Table 13.A.2.3 Single-duct air conditionersStandard rating conditions “single-duct” indicated in Table 4 shall be used t o determine the energy efficiencyclass of single-duct units.The cooling capacity, EER and the annual energy consumption shall be determined from the application ratingconditions “single-duct” indicated in Table 4.A.2.4 Water-cooled air conditioners (water-to-air conditioners)Standard rating conditions “comfort” indicated in Table 6 shall be used to de termine the cooling capacity, theEER, the annual energy consumption and the efficiency class of split and packag ed water-cooled airconditioners.For reverse cycle units, the heating capacity and the efficiency class shall be determined from one of thestandard rating conditions indicated in Table 5 depending of the heat source: w ater, brine or close loop.EN 14511-2:2004 (E)13A.2.5 Other appliancesWater-cooled multisplit to which Table 2.1 of Annex IV of Directive 2002/31/EC refers are not covered byEN 14511.Single-duct units operating in the heating mode to which Table 3.3 of Annex IV of Directive 2002/31/EC refersare not covered by EN 14511.A.3 Test procedureWhen the present standard is used for the energy labelling of air conditioners and heat pumps below 12 kW,the cooling / heating capacities, power input and EER/COP as well as the energy efficiency class of a productshall be determined by using exclusively the calorimeter room method.For ducted units, the settings of the air flow rate and external static pressur e shall be made prior to the cooling/ heating capacity tests, according to EN 14511-3:2004, 4.4.1. Once determined, the external static pressureshall be maintained constant during the capacity tests, by adjusting to the air discharge area of the unit, alength of duct equipped with a damper which position shall not be changed durin g the capacity tests.The length of duct and the distance of the damper from the discharge section of the unit shall be conform tothe requirements of EN 14511-3:2004, B.2.1.A.4 Tolerances permitted on declared valuesA.4.1 GeneralThe following requirements apply to the declared values.The requirements for the uncertainties of measurement of 4.3 of EN 14511-3:2004 shall be respected.A.4.2 First testingThe performance published data shall be accepted as valid when a sample of a mo del, tested in accordancewith the present standard, shall meet the following criteria for cooling and he ating mode as applicable:Tested cooling and heating capacity ³ 0,88 X declared capacityTested EER ³ 0,85 X declared EERTested COP ³ 0,85 X declared COPA.4.3 Second testingIf the result of test on capacity and/or EER/COP carried out on the first appliance is not in compliance with therequirements given in A.4.2, a second test shall be carried out on one other ap pliance. This second test shallmeet the following criteria for cooling and heating mode as applicable:Tested co oling and heating capacity ³ 0,88 X declared capacityTested EER ³ 0,85 X declared EERTested COP ³ 0,85 X declared COPEN 14511-2:2004 (E)14Annex ZA(informative)Relationship of this document with EC DirectivesThis European Standard has been prepared under a mandate given to CEN by the Eu ropean Commissionand the European Free Trade Association and supports essential requirements of EC Directive:Energy Labelling Directive 02/31/ECWARNING : Other requirements and other EU Directives may be applicable to the p roduct(s) fallingwithin the scope of this standard.Compliance with the clauses of this standard provides one means of conforming w ith the specific essentialrequirements of the Directive concerned and associated EFTA regulations.EN 14511-2:2004 (E)15Bibliography[1] CEN/TS 14825, Air conditioners, liquid chilling packages and heat pumps with electrically drivecompressors for space heating and cooling – Testing and rating at part load co nditions.。
欧洲关于房间空调能效调查的初期成果此篇文章使用了DG XVII SAVING项目和房间空调能效（EERAC）项目所得出的结论。
此篇文章是作者综合了EERAC研究的结果，但希望感谢所有EERAC研究的参与者，这些参与者包括：略。
1.简介在欧洲制冷量低于12kW的房间空调的耗电量快速增长。
房间空调由如下基本形式组成：窗式，分体式，一拖多式和单管式。
欧洲的家用空调市场几乎被平均分配，房间空调通过直接或间接的渠道被办公室，宾馆和小商店购买。
因此需要研究所有房间空调的能效政策措施对每个部分所造成的影响。
空调对温室效应有影响，这个影响间接来自于他们的能耗，直接来自于制冷剂的排放。
尽管能推导出欧盟的平均值，每度电造成的CO2的排放依赖于所考虑国家特定的generation mix。
整体平等温室效应（TEWI）指数（定义为设备使用期间所产生的类似于CO2的造成温室效应的物质）用来确保制冷剂排放对温室效应造成的直接影响和同平均指标相比较的能耗对温室效应所造成的间接影响。
EERAC（房间空调能效）SA VE进行的研究的目的是评估房间空调的耗电量和他们的TEWI影响，评估使用更有效的房间空调而得到的潜在的节能情况，调查可以实现这些节能的方法，包括工况的改变和政策方案（分类，最小能效标准，实现的程序，激励机制等），在初期成本/效益分析的基础上给出合适的参考意见。
此篇文献概述了前两个方面，后两个项目还没完成，因此将在以后的文章中讨论。
2.什么是房间空调以及他的能效是怎么定义的？房间空调通过将热量排向外界来冷却单个的房间。
四个主要类型分体式机组（分体式系统）。
这种类型有两个整体机组组成（室内机组和室外机组），室内机组和室外机组由制冷剂管道连接。
室内机组包括蒸发器和风机，室外机组包括压缩机和冷凝器。
一拖多式机组（一拖多式系统）。
多台室内机组和一个室外机组连接。
一拖多式系统没有包含在EN 814（欧洲房间空调测试标准）中。
但是ISO正在研究一拖多式测试标准，而且测试实验室已经假定了室内机组的连接情况，并使用了标准。
