高中英语过去完成时总结及练习

过去完成时一、概念过去完成时表示在过去某一时间或动作之前已经发生或完成了的动作，即“过去的过去（past-in-the-past ）”。

----|--------------------------|-------------------------------|---------------------------->那时以前那时现在二、结构过去完成时由“助动词had + 过去分词”构成，其中had 用于各种人称。

否定句had+not, 疑问句直接将had提到句首。

1) They had already had breakfast before they arrived at the hotel.2) He didn’t go to bed until he had finished he work.三、过去完成时的判断依据1. 由时间状语来判定(1) by/before + 过去的时间点。

I had finished reading the novel by nine o'clock last night.He had finished the work before ten o’clock this morning.(2) by the end of + 过去的时间点。

We had learned over two thousand English words by the end of last term.2. 由“过去的过去”来判定过去完成时表示“过去的过去”，是指过去某一动作之前已经发生或完成的动作，即动作有先后关系，动作在前的用过去完成时，在后的用一般过去时。

这种用法常出现在：（ 1 ）宾语从句中当宾语从句的主句为一般过去时，且从句的动作先于主句的动作时，从句要用过去完成时。

在told, said, knew, heard, thought等动词后的宾语从句。

She said that she had seen the film before.（ 2 ）状语从句中在时间、条件、原因、方式等状语从句中，主、从句的动作发生有先后关系，动作在前的，要用过去完成时，动作在后的要用一般过去时。

主语+过去完成时+when/before/ by the time/after引导的从句（从句谓语动词用过去式）Before she came to China, Amy had taught English in a middle school for about five years.Tom had collected more than 300 Chinese stamps by the time he was seven.When I got to the station, the train had already left.After he had finished his homework, he went to bed.【注意】before, after 引导的时间状语从句中，由于before 和after 本身已表达了动作的先后关系，若主、从句表示的动作紧密相连，则主、从句都用一般过去时。

Where did you study before you came here?After he closed the door, he left the classroom.3. 根据上、下文来判定。

I met Wang Tao in the street yesterday. We hadn't seen each other before we met.四、过去完成时的主要用法1. 过去完成时表示一个动作或状态在过去某一时间或动作之前已经完成或结束，即发生在“过去的过去”。

1) When I woke up, it had stopped raining.2)He had left when I arrived.2. 过去完成时是一个相对的时态，表示的是“过去的过去”，只有和过去某一时间或某一动作相比较时才使用它。

1) She told me that she had written a new novel.2) I found the watch which I had lost.3. 过去完成时表示某一动作或状态在过去某时之前已经开始，一直延续到这一过去时间，而且动作尚未结束，仍然有继续下去的可能。

By the end of last year, my father had worked in the factory for twenty years.（had worked 已有了20 年，还有继续进行下去的可能）By six o’clock he had worked eleven hours.4. 过去完成时还可用在hardly … when …, no sooner … than …（一…就…）结构中，主句谓语用过去完成时，从句用一般过去时，表示“刚刚…就…”，即Sb. had hardly（scarcely）done when sb. didSb. had no sooner donethan sb. didHe had no sooner left the room than they began to talk about him.他刚离开房间，他们就议论起他来。

We had hardly begun when we were told to stop. 我们刚开始就被叫停。

【注意】当Hardly或No sooner置于句首时，主句要用部分倒装Hardly had sb. done when sb. didNo sooner had sb. done than sb. didHardly had he begun to speak when the audience interrupted him.他刚开始演讲，听众就打断了他。

No sooner had he arrived than he went away again. 他刚到就又走了。

5. 动词think, want, hope, mean, plan, intend等用过去完成时来表示过去未曾实现的想法，希望，打算或意图等，"原本…，未能…"。

I had wanted to help but could not get there in time.They had hoped to be able to come and see you.We had hoped that you would come, but you didn't.6. 过去完成时还可用在如下固定句型中。

It was the first (second, etc) time (that)过去完成时It/This was + 最高级that(从句用过去完成时)It was the third time that she had been out of work that year.7.过去完成时还可用在与过去事实相反的虚拟语气中。

If you had come earlier, you would catch the bus.If he had taken your advice, he wouldn’t have made such a bad mistake.8. 过去完成时与现在完成时一样，短暂性动词不能与一段时间连用，必须改成对应的延续性动词。

The film had been on for ten minutes when we arrived the cinema.They had been married for three years by the end of last year.【注意】1.两个动作如果按顺序发生，又不强调先后，或用then, and, but等连用时，多用一般过去时。

My father gave me a hat and I lost it.2.叙述历史事实，用一般过去时不用过去完成时。

Our teacher told us that Columbus discovered America in 1492.现在完成时与过去完成时的区别现在完成时着眼于现在，强调过去发生的某动作对现在造成的影响和结果，或是由过去持续到现在的动作。

1) I have cleaned the classroom.我打扫干净教室了。

（强调扫地所产生的结果：地干净了！）2) They have lived here for twenty years.他们住在这二十年了。

（“住”从过去持续到现在的动作用现在完成时）3) We have lived in Beijing since we came China.自我们来中国就住在北京了。

（“住”是从过去持续到现在的动作用现在完成时）过去完成时则主要体现过去发生的两动作的先后有别，表达的是“过去的过去”，即比过去发生的某动作都还要“过去”，两动作中先发生的就用过去完成时，后发生的则只用一般过去时。

运用过去完成时的句子往往有两过去的时间或动作。

例如：1) Mr Smith had lived in London for ten years before he came to China.史密斯先生在来中国之前就已经在伦敦住过十年了。

(“来”中国已成过去，而先前“住”在纽约就是过去的过去！）2) We had learned 2000 words by the end of last term.在上期期末，我们就已经学了2000个单词。

（“上期期末”已过去，而在其前“学”的就更过去了！）过去完成时与一般过去时的区别虽然这两种时态都表示过去发生的动作或存在的状态，但在使用时应注意以下几点：1. 时间状语不同：过去完成时在时间上强调“过去的过去”；而一般过去时只强调过去某一特定的时间。

试比较：They had arrived at the station by ten yesterday.They arrived at the station at ten yesterday.2. 在没有明确的过去时间状语作标志时，谓语动词动作发生的时间先后须依据上下文来判断：先发生的用过去完成时，后发生的则用一般过去时。

She was very happy. Her whole family were pleased with her, too.She had just won the first in the composition competition.3. 当两个或两个以上接连发生的动作用and 或but 连接时，按时间顺序，只需用一般过去时来代替过去完成时；另外，在before ，after ，as soon as 引导的从句中，由于这些连词本身已经表示出时间的先后，因此也可以用过去时来代替过去完成时。