英译中 - 英文原文

英译汉：佳译赏析巧选主语成妙译（1）原文】饱经沧桑的20世纪仅剩下几个春秋，人类即将跨入充满希望的21世纪。

【译文】I n a few years’ time, mankind will bid farewell to the 20th c entury, a century full of vic issitudes, and enter into the 21s t c entury, a c entury full of hopes.【赏析】1995年，联合国举办纪念成立50周年庆祝活动，江主席出席并发表演说。

原文是该篇演说的第一句，是地道的汉语。

翻译此句时，一般译者往往会亦步亦趋地将原文译为两个分句，分别以“饱经沧桑的20世纪”和“人类”作主语。

但高明的译者吃透了原文的精神，选择mankind为主语统领全句，以准确而地道的英语译出，确实是一则难得的佳译，值得翻译爱好者认真体会。

英译汉：佳译赏析之“肚里的墨水”（2）【原文】T heir family had more money, more hors es, more slaves than any one els e in the Country, b ut the boys had less grammar than mos t of their poor C racker neighbors.【译文】他们家里的钱比人家多，马比人家多，奴隶比人家多，都要算全区第一，所缺少的只是他哥儿俩肚里的墨水，少得也是首屈一指的。

【赏析】原文选自Gone With the Wind。

译文忠实且流畅，算得上好译文，特别值得一提的是译者对grammar的处理，如果照搬字典自然难于翻译，但译者吃透了原句精神，译为“肚里的墨水”，真是再妥帖不过了。

英译汉：佳译赏析之“思前想后”（3）【原文】A nd in these meditations he fell asleep.【译文】他这么思前想后，就睡着了。

九⽉九⽇忆⼭东兄弟古诗英⽂翻译九⽉九⽇忆⼭东兄弟古诗英⽂翻译 《九⽉九⽇忆⼭东兄弟》是王维的诗作。

王维这⾸《九⽉九⽇忆⼭东兄弟》诗载于《全唐诗》卷⼀百⼆⼗⼋。

九⽉九⽇忆⼭东兄弟 [唐]王维 独在异乡为异客， 每逢佳节倍思亲。

遥知兄弟登⾼处， 遍插茱萸少⼀⼈。

浅析六版本《九⽉九⽇忆⼭东兄弟》英译 译⽂⼀(王宝童，上海世图2005版《王维百⾸(汉英对照图⽂本)》)： On Double Ninth Day Thinking of My Brothers at Home A lonely stranger in a strange land I’m cast, Sore sick for my dears on every festive day. By now my brothers must some heights have passed, But a cornel wearer missing’ll damp the day. 第⼆⾏的sore sick是英⽂中不存在的表达，就像汉语没有“酸病”⼀样。

根据Cambridge Advanced Learners’ Dictionary& Thesaurus, dear的名词含义有两个： [C usually singular] informal a kind person 和[as form of address] used to address someone you love or are being friendly to, not used between men。

如此看来，译⽂这样⽤dears是不对的。

第三⾏的pass意为“经过”，不⼀定是“登⾼”。

最后⼀句的missing指⼈时是“失踪”的意思，⽤在这⾥显然不合适。

damp the play既⾮英⽂固定表达，⼜不易从字⾯推断想要表达的意思(把戏剧弄湿了?)。

和前⾯的sore sick⼀样，这也属于译者捏造英⽂表达，对于英语母语者来说这样的“创造”只会让他们读的⼀头雾⽔。

《桃花源记》汉译英《古典散文名篇英译》之一晋太元中，武陵人捕鱼为业，缘溪行，忘路之远近。

忽逢桃花林，夹岸数百步，中无杂树，芳草鲜美，落英缤纷，渔人甚异之。

复前行，欲穷其林。

林尽水源，便得一山，山有小口，仿佛若有光，便舍船从口入。

初极狭，才通人，复行数十步，豁然开朗。

土地平旷，屋舍俨然，有良田美池桑竹之属。

阡陌交通，鸡犬相闻。

其中往来种作，男女衣著，悉如外人。

黄发垂髫，并怡然自乐。

见渔人，乃大惊，问所从来。

具答之。

便要还家，设酒杀鸡作食。

村中闻有此人，咸来问讯。

自云先世避秦时乱，率妻子邑人来此绝境，不复出焉，遂与外人间隔。

问今是何世，乃不知有汉，无论魏晋。

此人一一为具言所闻，皆叹惋。

余人各复延至其家，皆出酒食。

停数日，辞去。

此中人语云: “不足为外人道也。

”既出，得其船，便扶向路，处处志之。

及郡下，诣太守,说如此。

太守即遣人随其往，寻向所志，遂迷,不复得路。

南阳刘子骥，高尚士也，闻之，欣然规往，未果。

寻病终。

后遂无问津者。

白话：东晋太元年间，有个武陵人以捕鱼为生。

一天他沿着小溪划船而行，忘了路程的远近。

忽然来到一片鲜花盛开的桃林前面，桃林夹着小溪在两岸伸展开来，长达几百步，里面没有别的树，地上的香草鲜嫩美丽，树上坠落的花瓣纷纷扬扬。

渔人对眼前的美景感到十分惊异。

再往前走，想穿过这片桃林。

桃林在溪水的发源地到了头，紧接着就出现一座山，山上有个小小的洞口，那儿似乎有光亮。

渔人丢下船，从洞口进去。

起初洞口很窄，只容得下一人通过。

他又走了几十步，眼前突然开阔起来。

这里土地平坦开阔，房屋整齐有序，田地肥沃，池塘漂亮、桑竹之类杂以其间。

田间小路纵横交错，四通八达，小村之间互相能听到鸡鸣狗叫。

那儿的人你来我往，种田劳作，男男女女，穿装打扮，完全和桃花源之外的人一样。

老老少少，一个个都悠闲愉快，自得其乐。

一个桃花源中的人见到渔人，感到十分惊奇，问他从哪里来。

渔人对他的问题都做了回答。

他就邀请渔人到他家去，置酒杀鸡，准备饭菜。

英译汉原文：Confronting Modern Lifestyles（Excerpt）By Tim Jackson and Carmen Smith【1】Few people would disagree that modern society has changed dramatically in the course of only a few decades.These changes can be characterized in a variety of different ways.We can point,for example,to the growth in disposable incomes,to a massive expansion in the availability of consumer goods and services,to higher levels of personal mobility,increases in leisure expenditure and a reduction in the time spent in routine domestic tasks.【2】We might highlight the gains in technological efficiency provided by an increasingly sophisticated knowledge base.Or the rising resource“footprint”of modern consumption patterns.Or the intensification of trade.Or the decline in traditional rural industries.Or the translocation of manufacturing towards the developing world.Or the emergence of the“knowledge”economy.【3】We should certainly point out that these changes have been accompanied,and sometimes facilitated,by changes in the underlying institutional structures:the deregulation(or reregulation)of key industries,the liberalization of markets,the easing of international trade restrictions, the rise in consumer debt and the commoditization of previously noncommercial areas of our lives.【4】We could also identify some of the social effects that accompanied these changes:a faster pace of life;rising social expectations;increasing divorce rates;rising levels of violent crime; smaller household sizes;the emergence of a“cult of celebrity”;the escalating“message density”of modern living;increasing disparities(in income and time)between the rich and the poor,the emergence of “postmaterialist”values;a loss of trust in the conventional institutions of church,family,and state;and a more secular society.【5】It is clear,even from this cursory overview,that no simple overriding“good”or“bad”trend emerges from this complexity.Rather, modernity is characterized by a variety of trends that often seem to be set (in part at least)in opposition to each other.The identification of a set of “postmaterialist”values in modern society appears at odds with the increased proliferation of consumer goods.People appear to express less concern for material things,and yet have more of them in their lives.【6】The abundance offered by the liberalization of trade is offset bythe environmental damage from transporting these goods across distances to reach our supermarket shelves.The liberalization of the electricity market has increased the efficiency of generation,reduced the cost of electricity to consumers and at the same time made it more difficult to identify and exploit the opportunities for end-use energy efficiency.【7】To take another example,the emergence of the knowledge economy has increased the availability and the value of information. Simultaneously,it has intensified the complexity of ordinary decision-making in people’s lives.As Nobel laureate Hebert Simon has pointed out,information itself consumes scarce resources.“What information consumes is rather obvious:it consumes the attention of its recipients.Hence a wealth of information creates a poverty of attention, and a need to allocate that attention efficiently among the overabundance of information sources that might consume it”.This consuming effect of information makes the concept of“informed choice”at once more important and at the same time more difficult to achieve in modern society.【8】These examples all serve to illustrate that modern lifestyles are both complex and haunted by paradox.This is certainly one of the reasons why policy makers have tended to shy away from the wholequestion of consumer behavior and lifestyle change.It is clear nonetheless that coming to grips with consumption patterns, understanding the dynamics of lifestyle and influencing people’s attitudes and behaviors are all essential if the kinds of deep environmental targets demanded by sustainable development are to be achieved.英译汉参考译文：直面现代生活方式（节选）文/蒂姆·杰克逊、卡门·史密斯译/裘禾敏很少有人会否认，仅仅数十年间，现代社会就已发生了巨大变化。

目录目录 (i)第一部分英译汉 A Red Sweater翻译实践报告 (1)第二部分英译汉参考文献 (5)第三部分汉译英《华威先生》翻译实践报告 (6)第四部分汉译英参考文献 (9)附录 (10)1、英译汉原文A Red Sweater (10)2、英译汉译文《红毛衣》 (17)3、汉译英原文《华威先生》 (24)4、汉译英译文Mr Hua Wei (29)A Red Sweater翻译实践报告A Report on Translation of A Red Sweater摘要: 在华裔美国文学中，小说家伍慧明的这部《红毛衣》深受众多读者的喜爱，作者通过描写一个家庭中两代人不同的经历，展示了在美国社会中，华人是如何努力争取实现自己的梦想。

作者以独特的角度观察和描写两代人的相同与不同之处，展现美籍华人的心路历程。

该报告基于笔者A Red Sweater的翻译实践，旨在通过提出自己在翻译中遇到的困难及该注意的方面，对其翻译中的问题的处理进行了描述，最后得出一些译文的反思与总结，对原文有了更好的理解的同时进一步地提升自己的译文。

关键词：年轻的一代；年老的一代；美籍华人；美国文化Abstract:In Chinese American literature, A Red Sweater written by the novelist Wu Huimin is popular with readers. The translator shows how Chinese strive to realize their dreams in American society by describing the different experiences of two generations in a family. The translator observes and describes the similarities and differences between the two generations from a unique perspective, and shows the psychological course of Chinese Americans. Based on this translation practice, the report aims to describe the solutions in her translation by proposing the difficulties and she encountered and the aspects she should pay attention to. At last, the translator draws some reflections and summaries of her translation, so as to has a better understanding of the original text and further improve his own translation.Key words: The younger generation, the older generation, Chinese Americans, American culture,1.任务的描述本次翻译的实践内容是一篇英译中的短片小说A Red Sweater《红毛衣》，1一共3860个字符。

“中译国青杯”联合国文件翻译大赛学生组——英译汉【原文】Australia: Where Nature is Grieving“When you walk into a forest that’s been burnt this badly, the overwhelming thing that hits you is the silence. No bird-song. No rus tling of leaves. Silence.” This is how Mike Clarke, professor of zoology at La Trobe University, Melbourne, describes Australia’s many forests recently decimated by bushfires.“This stands out as the worst disaster in Australia’s recorded history,” Clarke says. The figure of the area that has been burnt – 13 million hectares –is “hard to get your head around.” For scale, this is an area bigger in hectares than Holland, Denmark and Switzerland combined. All burnt to a crisp. Homes, forests, animals, plants –everything in the wake of these intense infernos – incinerated. Gone.Unprecedented scaleAt least a billion animals were killed in the bushfires, according to approximate estimates by Chris Dickman, professor in territorial ecology at The University of Sydney. This figure is conservative, Clarke believes. “That’s just mammals, birds, reptiles. If we added invertebrates to that, the numbers would be astronomical.”One thing that must be clear, though, is that Australia’s bush has always burnt quite s everely. “The severity isn’t unprecedented,” says Alan York, professor of Fire Ecology at the University of Melbourne. “What is unprecedented is their earliness in, or before the usual fire season, and the volume of fires in so many places, which is far mo re unusual.”Koalas in northern New South Wales have had most of their habitat burnt. “Speculation is that populations will become locally extinct,” according to York. The iconic nature of the koalas sometimes overshadows other ecosystem horrors, Clarke ad ds. “They’re the poster child of this crisis. But in reality, a whole suite of wildlife – large possums, all sorts of plants that live in alpine ash, whole communities of organisms – are all at risk now.”The resilience of the Australian bush in questionIt may take years for these species to recover. And that may require human assistance, with captive-bred frogs in Australia’s zoos, for example. “Otherwise, we’re hoping animals survived in unburnt pockets,” York explains. He remains somewhat optimistic, s aying the Australian bush has a “dramatic capacity to recover.”There are, however, caveats. Rainforests and alpine areas of Tasmania, for instance, don’t have much experience of fires, so they’re more vulnerable to repeated fires, he says. And under the current climate change model, increasing fires are inevitable.Some of several “human interferences” that’ll most likely hamper recovery include habitat removal from land clearing; introducing feral species which prey on native species (feral cats have been known to come from ten kilometres away to the edge of a fire to pick off prey, usually native); and a lack of urgent political action on climate change.The problem is, lots of critical resources have been incinerated. For example, many fauna – cockatoos, parrots, possums, bats – rely on hollow logs on the ground, or on trees to den in or breed in. Not only have those logs now gone, Clarke predicts that it will take one to two centuries for them to appear again, hollowed out. “A lot of Australian wood is hardwood. Fungi and termites hollow it really slowly. There are no woodpeckers here,” he explains. Suddenly, the capacity to recover seems almost insurmountable within our lifetime. “What could disappear in hours in bushfire could take centuries to replace. Ecologists would call this a ‘complete state change’.”Immediate measures neededExperts say some immediate steps are being taken to help along the recovery of this vast area. A moratorium on logging has been proposed, and pressure is building to act more aggressively on the pest control of feral cats and foxes, in addition to introducing weed removal. “Weeds recolonize areas disturbed by fire. They use resources that native plants and animals might need,” York explains.Identifying and protecting areas that did not burn is also an important subject for debate. Specifically, some are arguing that cultural burns may be better than the hotter, more intense, hazard reduction burning. Cultural burns are cool-burning, knee-high blazes that were designed to happen continuously and across the landscape, practised by indigenous people long before Australia’s invasion and colonization. The fires burn up fuel like kindling and leaf detritus, so that a natural bushfire has less to devour.Since Australia's fire crisis began last year, calls for better reintegration of this technique have grown louder. But they may be of limited value at this crisis point, according to Clarke. “We need to appreciate how different things are now. Cultural burns happened to enable people to move through dense vegetation easily, or for ceremonial reasons. They weren’t burning around 25 million people, criss-crossed by complex infrastructure and in a climate change scenario,” he estimates.Concrete measures to combat climate change are indeed crucial for the future of biodiversity. In spite of green shoots of optimism in some quarters, the prognosis of whether the bush will ever recover its biodiversity is looking somewhat grim. Breaking it down, Clarke surmises that “A chunk of it will be good – a third will be able to bounce back. A third is in question, but a third is in serious trouble. I’ve been studyingfire ecology for twenty years, but we’re de aling with unchartered territory changing before our eyes.”【参赛译文格式要求】一、参赛译文应为Word文档.doc或.docx格式。

葬花吟The Song of Burying the Fallen Flowers《葬花吟》是小说《红楼梦》中塑造黛玉形象的重要篇章。

杨宪益、戴乃迭夫妇对于这首诗的英译, 充分体现了其精湛的翻译水平与深厚的文化底蕴。

接下来,我们将为您显示它Good moring,everyone.“The Song of Burying the Fallen Flowers “is an important poem to portray Daiyu in one of the four greatest Chinese classical novels “A Dream of Red Mansions”. Mr. YANG Xianyi and Mrs.Gladys Yang have togethertranslated it into English, which has shown their superb liberal technique and profound cultural understandings. next, we will show it for you1、花谢花飞花满天, 红消香断有谁怜?As blossoms fade and fly across the sky, 当花儿凋零、飞越天际的时候,Who pities the faded red, the scent that has been? 谁来怜叹这落红, 和那曾经的芳香?2、游丝软系飘春榭, 落絮轻沾扑绣帘。

Softly the gossamer floats over spring pavilions, 蛛丝柔软地浮摇在春光里的亭榭中,Gently the willow fluff wafts to the embroidered screen. 柳絮轻细地飘送到绣着花的帘幕上3、闺中女儿惜春暮, 愁绪满怀无释处,A girl in her chamber mourns the passing of spring, 一位少女在她的闺房中哀悼着春的流逝,No relief from anxiety her poor heart knows; 满心的痛楚忧思不知该如何减轻释怀;4、手把花锄出绣闺, 忍踏落花来复去。

老子经典名句英译这是《化胡经》英文版75章的一句话，但这并不是是中文《化胡经》，而是《西升经》，但是中文只有39章。

这是英文原文：eventy-FiveWould you like to liberate yourself from the lower realms of life? Would you like to save the world from the degradation and destruction it seems destined for? Then step away from shallow mass movements and quietly go to work on your own self-awareness. If you want to awaken all of humanity, then awaken all of yourself. If you want to eliminate the suffering in the world, then eliminate all that is dark and negative in yourself. Truly, the greatest gift you have to give is that of your own self-transformation. So find a teacher who is an integral being, a beacon who extends his light and virtue with equal ease to those who appreciate him and those who don't. Shapeyourself in his mold, bathe in his nourishing radiance, and reflect it out to the rest of the world. You will come to understand an eternal truth: there is always a peaceful home for a virtuous being.我认为是这一段：皆有章第三十四老君曰：道非独在我，万物皆有之。

古诗英文翻译在日常生活或是工作学习中，大家对古诗都再熟悉不过了吧，古诗准确地来说应该叫格律诗，包括律诗和绝句。

那么问题来了，到底什么样的'古诗才经典呢？下面是小编整理的古诗英文翻译，欢迎大家借鉴与参考，希望对大家有所帮助。

古诗英文翻译篇1王维九月九日忆山东兄弟Thinking Of My Brothers On Mountain-climbing Day.独在异乡为异客All alone in a foreign land,每逢佳节倍思亲I am twice as homesick on this day遥知兄弟登高处When brothers carry dogwood up the mountain,遍插茱萸少一人Each of them a branch but my branch missing.李白关山月The Moon At The Fortified Pass明月出天山The bright moon lifts from the Mountain of Heaven苍茫云海间In an infinite haze of cloud and sea,长风几万里And the wind, that has come a thousand miles, 吹度玉门关Beats at the Jade Pass battlements....汉下白登道China marches its men down Baideng Road胡窥青海湾While T artar troops peer across blue waters of the bay....由来征战地And since not one battle famous in history不见有人还Sent all its fighters back again,戍客望边色The soldiers turn round, looking toward the border,思归多苦颜And think of home, with wistful eyes,高楼当此夜And of those tonight in the upper chambers叹息未应闲Who toss and sigh and cannot rest.李白子夜四时歌春歌Ballads Of Four Seasons: Spring秦地罗敷女The lovely LuoFu of the western land采桑绿水边Plucks mulberry leaves by the green waterside.素手青条上Across the green boughs stretches out her white hand;红妆白日鲜In golden sunshine her rosy robe is dyed.蚕饥妾欲去"my silkworms are hungry, I cannot stay.五马莫留连Tarry not with your five-horse cab, I pray."张继枫桥夜泊A Night-Mooring Near Maple Bridge月落乌啼霜满天Moon going down, Crow cawing, frost filling all over the sky,江枫渔火对愁眠Maple-trees near the river and torch in the fisher opposite the sleeping anxiety.姑苏城外寒山寺From the temple on Cold Mountain out of Suzhou,夜半钟声到客船The midnight ding touches my boat.王翰凉州词A Song of LiangZhou葡萄美酒夜光杯Enjoying beautiful grape wine of moonlight cups,欲饮琵琶马上催Want to drink lute but hurried on the horseback.醉卧沙场君莫笑Don't laugh when fall asleep drunk on the battlefield古来征战几人回How many soldiers ever come back home?岑参逢入京使On Meeting A Messenger to The Capital故园东望路漫漫It's a long way home, a long way east.双袖龙钟泪不干I am old and my sleeve is wet with tears.马上相逢无纸笔Meeting on horseback，no means of writing.凭君传语报平安T ell them three words: "He is safe."古诗英文翻译篇2杜牧《清明》清明时节雨纷纷，路上行人欲断魂。

一、China’s Year of the Gragon baby boomChina is in the midst of a baby-making boom, as couples try to ensure that their children are born during the Y ear of the Dragon, which began Monday. The dragon is considered the most auspicious zodiac sign in Chinese culture. Once reserved for the emperor, it is believed to bring strength and good luck.Parents are sparing no expense to prepare for their dragon babies. As a result, nannies in Beijing have been able to double their rates. And the effects won't end there. The baby boomlet means all those dragon babies destined for such greatness will soon be locked in fierce competition for spots in China's best schools, as the dragon babies of the year 2000 are now.我的译文：二、Living in :V ancouverThe access from a booming and dense downtown to the great outdoors is nearly unrivalled in North American cities. Nearby options include kayaking around the city, skiing on frosted peaks and mountain biking through the rainforest. "It's a giant playground," said Julie Desaulniers, a transplant from Montreal who lives in North V ancouver with her family. "The north shore is a mountain biking mecca and I run on rainforest trails every weekend."Hollywood has set up permanently in V ancouver and it is where many movies and TV shows are filmed, including the Twilight series. Enterprising folks have even set up tours for the Twi-hards who come seeking some scent of Bella and Edward.我的译文三、Is Facebook worth $100 billion ?$100 billion: That‘s the number that has been tossed around Wall Street in recent weeks as the social-networking juggernaut quietly began the process of becoming a publically traded company. Y esterday, investors finally got the information they needed to make a more informed choice as Facebook filed papers with government regulators declaring its intent to sell stock to the public.Facebook‘s S-1 was full of information and little factoids that, up until now, were closely guarded secrets of the notoriously enigmatic Silicon V alley phenom. For the first time, the public saw how much money Facebook has made over the years – and how it spends it. With this information finally public, investors can now come up with their own valuation for Facebook.我的译文：四、Walking in London is so much funI had been expecting to walk into work today: I had assumed the strikes included the Tube and was almost disappointed to discover that the trains would be running as usual. I migh t go by foot anyway. Walking is a neglected pleasure. We don‘t do it often enough with the express intent of enjoying ourselves. We see it as the way to get somewhere quickly rather than a soothing way to spend half an hour or more. But it also opens our eyes to what has been there all along.我的译文五、Why you wouldn’t want to be famous ?These days, it‘s not an assumption so much as a statistical fact that young people put fame and fortune at the top of their life ―to do‖ lists. Why do they put fame aheadof stuff like ―be the best mechanic I can be‖ or ―raise a good family‖? Because it‘s a cultural axiom that being famous is awesome, and anything less is for chumps.But there are a few things people who assume that should know. We‘ll go ahead and define fame as the ability to be recognized anywhere by anybody who logs whatever the national daily average of TV and Internet foreplay is. This ability isn‘t all it‘s cracked up to be, and here‘s why.我的译文六、Being a parent is easy and intuitive , correct ?The prevailing ethos about being a parent is that it's mostly intuitive and uniformly joyful, even though the news, and our own lives, are full of those who found it so conspicuously otherwise that they made an utter mess of actual human beings. This mythology has two effects. One is that parents who don't feel happy or competent are made to feel like freaks—and to just keep quiet about the fact. The other is that this makes everyone believe not only that anyone can be a parent, but also that everyone ought to do it, even those who seem by character or inclination to be ill equipped. When I was in college I read a book by Ellen Peck called "The Baby Trap" about the virtues of choosing childlessness. It seemed completely insurrectionary. It still does.我的译文七、Why Men Have a Harder Time Making Friend ?When men hit their 30s, many cling to their high school and college friends. And if these don't last, men have a hard time forming new friendships. I'm not talking about work-out partners and neighbors you pound a few beers with while ribs are grilling, I'm talking about confidants. People who you are willing to share your innermost selfto because you feel it will be valued and accepted (regardless of what evils lurk there). Women are fantastic at cultivating these relationships. Women spend substantial time and energy to creating intimate relationships, safe havens and people that care about the good things that happen to them. Men? Not so much. With one exception: Men who get married. With wives in charge of their social life, men get a free pass to a rich social life.八、Are you a save-orexic or a splurge aholicExperts say the way we spend, save and invest is often dictated by deep-seated psychological issues relating to self-worth, security and status. It is not a coincidence that we borrow terms from the consulting couch to talk about our spending, such as ‗retail therapy' and ‗shopaholic'.A study by Professor Karen Pine, author of Sheconomics, a book about women and money, confirms many use shopping as an emotional outlet.Eight out of ten admit they spend when they are miserable, or hit the stores to compensate for something lacking in their life.Financial experts say another female tribe uses money as a security blanket and lives under a self-imposed austerity regime that would make George Osborne blanch. 我的译文九、Steve Jobs’ Love Letter Wrote For His WifeWe didn't know much about each other twenty years ago. We were guided by our intuition; you swept me off my feet. It was snowing when we got married at the Ahwahnee. Y ears passed, kids came, good times, hard times, but never bad times. Ourlove and respect has endured and grown. We've been through so much together and here we are right back where we started 20 years ago - older and wiser - with wrinkles on our faces and hearts. We now know many of life's joys, sufferings, secrets and十、Diary of a Separation---A big effort to make it a happy birthdayI like birthdays. I like fuss, a grand gesture. X can't understand the fuss. It's about upbringing, I think: his parents unceremoniously hand him something - not even wrapped - at some point within a few months of the date. I'm fairly sure they don't know when it is. For me, birthdays mean surprises, parties, over-excited children blowing out candles on sponge cakes. Like pencil marks on the wall, they are the backbone around which you hang family rituals. Birthdays are also a way to make up for the failings - perceived or real - of the past 12 months.我的译文十一、Canada in RV"Y ou are in black bear country. On cycling and walking trails, sing or ring your bell before bends to avoid surprising one. If you are attacked, act dead." My kids were thrilled when they read the leaflet - we were desperate to see a bear or a moose, despite the advertised dangers.More importantly, we had discovered what we'd been seeking on our three-week exploration of rugged, enchanting (and only occasionally threatening) Maritime Canada, a region in the south-east of the country surrounded and shaped by the Atlantic Ocean. It's home to wildernesses largely untamed by human hand, playgrounds where we could camp under the stars within earshot of waves crashing on the beach.十二、T ake a break from work : One year sabbatical to travelDo you secretly thought of what you think is a great project: a long journey? A gap year is just for you, to see the end of the world. Bid farewell to the daily routines. With a little planning and a maximum of passion for life, this great dream can come true, without being too complicated or expensive!Who has not dreamed to temporarily leave work, family, friends - and all obligations that are intimately connected - to go on an adventure? Far, very far at the other end of十三、Understanding your dreamsProsecution, cold sweats, incredible and comical adventures... Our imaginations give it to the heart while we are asleep. Far from trivial, movies that pass before our eyes are meaningful. The ancients saw the vehicle between God and people. We now know that dreams lead us deep within ourselves. They advise us, guide us, and send us the signals when things do not go in right direction. Dreams can solve our problems, make us more creative and even heal us. Our nights offer us valuable tools. It would十四、Learn T o Say NoSaying no is not in itself a very difficult task. It relates everything that is in our minds with this little word, which makes it so difficult to pronounce. Before you learn to say no, you must first identify the nature of the thoughts that accompany the word. Y ou say yourself "If I say no, others will discredit me and not call me anymore" or "I always say yes so that others will like me?" If this is the case, it is likely that these thoughts are false and you make absolute die hard. To rectify this, a strategy is to ask yourself if your conclusions are realistic and that will make you to really use it. The十五、fast-food marriageMarriages in modern society are like French fries produced on restaurant assembly lines, coming and going in the twinkle of an eye. There is flash marriage and flash divorce. Y oung men and women may get married soon after their first date, and then file for divorce not long after the wedding. Marriage is treated like a game. Getting married and divorced is just like having a meal in a fast-food restaurant, that‘s where the term ―fast-food marriage‖ comes from.With an increasing number of fast-food marriages, we may see fewer long-lasting marriages, like十六、Researchers recently discovered a gene that regulates the duration of sleep an individual needs. The new findings may explain why some people appear to have an internal alarm clock, and can wake up on their own. It may also explain why some people are light sleepers, able to operate on only a few hours of sleep.The research was conducted by members of the Ludwig Maximilians University (LMU) of Munich. The gene the team identified is called ABCC9 and has been nicknamed the ―Thatcher gene‖ in honor of former British Prime Minister Margaret Thatcher, famous for needing as little as four hours of sleep a night.Researchers discovered that people who had two copies of one common variant of ABCC9 slept十七、100-foot diet100-foot diet is a diet that consists mostly or exclusively of food grown in one's garden.The 100-foot diet emphasizes on reducing one's carbon footprint by growing most of the food you consume closer to home, the distance from the garden to your dinner table is within 100 feet. With health and affordability in mind, more people are taking the plunge and are growing their own fruits and vegetables.Major benefits of 100-foot diet include:1. Eat more nutritious food, which leads to better health2. Reduce your exposure to unwanted, toxic pesticides3. Increased food security4. Reduce excessive packaging十八、常玩手机警惕“手机脸”It is believed that smartphone and laptop use, could cause facial skin and muscle to lose its elasticity as people spend an increasing amount of time sat with their heads bent.Confirming the condition, coined 'smartphone face', Dr Mervyn Patterson of the Woodford Medical group said: 'If you sit for hours with your head bent slightly forward, staring at your iPhone or laptop screen, you may shorten the neck muscles and increase the gravitational pull on十九、爸爸太忙就租个“钟点爸爸”？―Hourly dad (or hired dad)‖ is a newly created term where a man is hired to take a child to and from school, play games and work out with the child. He is paid by the hour and doesn‘t need to help the child with his/her homework.Hourly dads are needed because many parents are too busy to take care of their children or children from single-parent families (of a single mother in particular) may need someone to spend time with them like a father.Experts said that this idea was created with good intentions, and there is demand in the market. But parents are irreplaceable in a child‘s life, you cannot randomly hire someone to a ct as his/her二十、隔离尘世的black-hole resortAfter years of creating destinations bristling with connective gadgets, resorts are now trumpeting their unreachability heralding the advent of so-called black-hole resorts, where mobile phones and internet signals are banned, no televisions available and even alarm clocks are frowned upon.All gadgets were locked away in the resort safe and instead clients focused on themselves and those around them.There is definitely a growing appetite out there for this kind of technology-free holidays; it's almost the 'anti-trend' or reverse of the proliferation we saw a few years ago in state of the art二十一、网购时代的monitor shoppingMonitor shopping is another form of window shopping, except that instead of wandering in stores, all you have to do is to log onto a shopping website. Y ou‘re online only browsing, not looking for anything in particular because you can‘t afford it or you don‘t need any of them, but you enjoy looking anyway. Maybe you‘ll save something in your favorites or shopping cart for when you do。

英译汉诗歌经典作品以下是一些经典的英文诗歌及其汉译版本：1. 济慈 (John Keats) -《夜莺颂》(Ode to a Nightingale)原文："My heart aches, and a drowsy numbness painsMy sense, as though of hemlock I had drunk,Or emptied some dull opiate to the drainsOne minute past, and Lethe-wards had sunk:'Tis not through envy of thy happy lot,But being too happy in thine happiness,—"汉译：“我的心儿痛楚，仿佛饮了毒草，或者我曾将沉闷的安眠药倾倒，一分钟过去，便向忘川沉落；并非出于对你幸福命运的嫉妒，而是因你在幸福中的过于陶醉……”2. 雪莱 (Percy Bysshe Shelley) -《西风颂》(Ode to the West Wind)原文："Drive my dead thoughts over the universeLike withered leaves to quicken a new birth!"汉译：“驱散我死去的思想穿越宇宙，如同枯叶催促新生的到来！”3. 罗伯特·弗罗斯特 (Robert Frost) -《未选择的路》(The Road Not Taken)原文："Two roads diverged in a yellow wood,And sorry I could not travel bothAnd be one traveler, long I stoodAnd looked down one as far as I couldTo where it bent in the undergrowth;"汉译：“林中有两条岔路供我选行，我很遗憾不能同时踏上两径。

逍遥游原文和英译北冥有鱼，其名曰鲲。

鲲之大，不知其几千里也。

化而为鸟，其名而鹏，鹏之背，不知其几千里也；怒而飞，其翼若垂天之云。

In the northern ocean there is a fish, called the k’un, I do not know how many thousand li in size. This k’un changes into a bird, called the p’eng. Its back is I do not know how many thousand li in breadth. When it is moved, it flies, its wings obscuring the sky like clouds.是鸟也，海运则将徙於南冥；南冥者，天池也。

《齐谐》者，志怪者也。

《谐》之言曰：“鹏之徙於南冥也，水击三千里，抟扶摇而上者九万里，去以六月息者也。

”When on a voyage, this bird prepares to start for the Southern Ocean, the Celestial Lake. And in the Records of Marvels we read that when the peng flies southwards, the water is smitten for a space of three thousand li around, while the bird itself mounts upon a great wind to a height of ninety thousand li, for a flight of six months' duration.野马也，尘埃也，生物之以息相吹也。

天之苍苍，其正色邪？其远而无所至极邪？其视下也，亦若是则已矣。

Profinet - the open Industrial Ethernet standard for automationPhilipp RieckbornSiemens AG, A&D SC SM PBD ICGleiwitzer Strasse 555, D-90475 Nuremberg-Moorenbrunn, Nem čijaphilipp.rieckborn@Profinet - the open Industrial Ethernet standard for automationDue to the rising demand in factory automation for integrated communication over a single network with comprehensive diagnostics and service functions throughout the network, Industrial Ethernet is now starting to penetrating more and more into the field area. This utilizes the advantages of rugged field buses together with the standardized IT functionalities of Ethernet. The answer to those requirements is PROFINET, the open Industrial Ethernet standard for automation. It supports all communication standards according to IEEE 802.3 but also technology and solutions needed for the use of Ethernet at all levels and in all applications in automation. 1 IntroductionAutomation technology has been characterized in the last few years by the increase in the use of distributed networks based on field bus technology. This in conjunction with the upcoming trend for a single network from the management level to the field level has brought Industrial Ethernet into the focus of industrial communication standards and technologies.The Profinet standard developed by Profibus & Profinet International, the largest filed bus organization worldwide, takes the experiences gained with field bus systems and applies them to Industrial Ethernet. The aim is not only to define a new protocol for Industrial Ethernet but to create a system that is 100 % compliant with all communication standards according to IEEE 802.3 and can be easily integrated into existingfield bus systems. Profinet is an open, cross-vendor standard and takes into consideration the requirements for the use of Ethernet at all levels and in all applications in automation technology: - Real-time capability- Integration of distributed field devices - Isochronous motion control applications - Cross-vendor engineering for distributed automation structures - Industry-suited installation and network technology - Simple network administration and diagnostics with IT services,- Security for protection against unauthorized access and data manipulation- Failsafe communication.Figure 1 - System overview ProfinetIn the following the Profinet highlights like real-time communication & isochronous applications, use of standardized technologies & IT mechanisms and failsafe communication will be explained in more detail.2Real-time communication andisochronous applicationsOne of the preconditions for the use of Ethernet in automation technology is reliable real-time behavior. A system solution is demanded which meets real-time requirements into the high end and at the same time enables unrestricted, parallel use of IT functions. Profinet is the only Ethernet solution which consistently covers all the requirements of real-time communication without restricting the openness.Although Ethernet with its high transmission rate of 100 Mbit/s is highly suitable for engineering tasks and IT services (such as Web integration or network diagnostics), new requirements exist when using it for cyclic transfer of user data in the field. Since short response times with real-time transmission are of essential importance to the transfer of user data, Profinet makes use of a so-called real-time channel (RT). The performance which can be achieved with this is comparable with that of standard field bus systems, and enables response times below 10 ms. RT is based on standard Ethernet hardware in the data terminals and it assigns priorities to the telegrams according to IEEE-based priority tagging in the switches.In order to also realize isochronous applications, such as those encountered in drive controls, a jitter accuracy of 1 µs and a cycle time of 1 ms can be achieved with guaranteed real-time response. To provide this high performance, Ethernet has been extended by an isochronous communications cycle which is monitored by the hardware. The hardware support is provided by an ERTEC (Enhanced Real-Time Ethernet Controller) ASIC which must be integrated in data terminals and network components. The real-time telegrams are transmitted in a reserved time window in a cyclic sequence. The remaining time of a cycle is used for standard communication. In this manner, both data transmission functions exist next to one another but are not mutually interfering. For example, a user can connect his notebook to any position in the plant in order to access the device data – without influencing the isochronous communication.With this isochronous real-time communication Profinet clearly exceeds the already high capacities of existing field busses and offers for high performance applications just as motion control an increased performanceby up to factor 100.The following example underlines this: at a cycle time of 500 µs, 70 drives can be operated synchronously with a 50 % reserve of the bandwidth for open communication with IT standards as for diagnostics.3Use of standardized technologies and IT mechanismsAs part of the IEC 61158, Profinet is based consistently on the IEEE Ethernet standards with 100 Mbit/s fast Ethernet switching technology. In addition to the star topology commonly used in Ethernet, it also supports line and ring network topologies which are widely used in automation and known from established field busses. This allows a minimized cabling overhead and ensures a maximum availability asall cables, plugs and devices offered for Profinetby Siemens are very rugged and made for industry use.3.1Distributed field devicesWith this flexibility in setting up network topologies and through the integration of switch functionalities into the devices, Profinet offers the user all possibilities for the in automation technology preferred concept of distributed field devices. They can be directly interfaced to Industrial Ethernet via Profinet. This enables cyclically high-speed data exchange between the I/O devices and I/O controllers. For example: Profinet supports 1440 bytes/cycle per field device in this process and exceeds the data volumes transmittable via a common field bus.3.2Integrated diagnosticsFurthermore Profinet permits considerably improved diagnostics functions required forconfiguration and integrated diagnostics. By using the same device principle as for Profibus, Profinet offers as basis the same diagnostics information, but goes a step ahead. It offers a uniform diagnostics concept for efficient localization and trouble-shooting of possible faults. If a fault occurs, the IO-Device automatically sends a diagnostic interrupt to theIO-Controller from where a reaction in the user program is initiated. Alternatively the diagnostics information can be read directly from the field device. This is also possible by using web services as many field devices, controllers and switches have an integrated web server accessible worldwide via the Web. Those integrated web services allow new concepts and bring advantages for engineering, commissioning, operation and speciallymaintenance by worldwide and remote accessibility.3.3 Wireless communicationCommunication in the automation sector was previously associated with hardwired solutions. Profinet, consistent with IEEE standards, provides the possibility to use the established Standard Wireless LAN (WLAN) also on the plant flor. This opens up new possibilities with Profinet in the scope of mobility, flexibility andfailsafe communication, which were not possible with conventional field bus systems so far.However, standard products do not satisfy the high requirements of complex industrialapplications, especially if a strictly real-time response is important. The cyclic processing of the control programs must not be prevented or interrupted by long and unpredictable data transfers. It is therefore extremely important that all data transmissions relevant to the process can be planned. Such a real-time response is usually the case for automation applications with the proven field buses (e.g. Profibus), guaranteeing plannable and fast data transfer. This quality is also expected of awireless channel if it is to be used forautomation applications. For this reason, an expansion to the standard has been implemented with Scalance access points from Siemens which provide the priority stations in the wireless field with a special network quality. Tests and running applications have demonstrated a significant increase in reliability and as a consequence thereof increase in productivity. 3.4 Industrial SecurityProfinet allows data in the field level to be accessed from the management level. Thus enables a vertical integration with all its advantages, but however the security of the network and the data must be ensured. Viruses, Trojan horses, etc., are not the only risks; faulty addresses within the company must also be ruled out. Simple and efficient solutions are required:With Scalance S, Siemens provides network components for industrial data and network security which support Profinet. It can be implemented with out deep IT or securityknowledge. The “Profinet Security Guideline” from PI International explains principles and concepts on the topic of “Data security in the industrial-environment” like access control & authorization, access levels and data security & security standards such as firewalls. All those standardized technologies and IT mechanisms describe above make Profinet acomplete and comprehensive system solution for industrial automation.4 Failsafe communication with Profisafe The same Profisafe profile which has been tried and tested for many years with Profibus is also used with Profinet. This bus-independent, TÜV-certified Profisafe profile supports the standard and failsafe communication via a common physical bus and meets the safety requirements in production automation with IEC 61508 up to Safety Integrity Level 3 (SIL 3) or EN 954-1 up to category 4. Thanks to this, existing Industrial Ethernet structures can be extended to failsafe communication or subordinate Profibus-basedsafety solutions can be integrated easily in Profinet. The use of standard componentsreduces the type variety. Network transitionsbetween the bus systems can be implementedeither by PLC, PC or links. In the latter case, thedata is then passed through directly withoutadditional processing. This enables atransparent, economical and simple migration of Profibus systems to Profinet. The same appliesfor the engineering effort which is reduced interms of time and costs: Existing safety programs according to the Profisafe profile can be adopted for Profinet.All this is possible because the communication profile uses the "black channel" technology in which the safety telegram is embedded with its own safety mechanisms in a standard or transport telegram of the subordinate bus system. In this way, standardand failsafe communication can be held on oneand the same bus cable whilst the safety andfield bus profiles remain clearly separate.Figure 2 - Failsafe communication withProfisafeProfinet also opens up new possibilities for the protection of man and machine users evenallowing safety-relevant data traffic to be transferred wirelessly. This is made possible byusing Scalance W wireless access points and client modules from Siemens which enable the cyclical and reliable wireless transmission of Profinet IO data. This is not possible with conventional field bus systems. 5 Applications using Profinet Many PROFINET applications in differentindustries and processes are presently inoperation. The following three typicalapplications are examples what is possible byutilizing the advantages PROFINET offers.5.1 Profinet with IRT for printing machines MAN Roland, the world‘s second-largest manufacturer of printing machines and international leader for offset roller machines,relies on Profinet with IRT (Isochronous Real Time) in connection with the innovative MotionControl System Simotion and the high-performance Sinamics S120 drive systems. The data exchange between the individual machines unit and the drives takes place deterministically and synchronously via IRT. Currently, printing machines with up to 80 synchronized axes are in use, distributed to 15modular stations Simotion D and Sinamics S120. An expansion to more than 100 axes for even larger offset roller machines is possible at any time. An accuracy of 5 µm over a printing length of 1000 mm is not a problem, even if the paper web shoots through the printing device at 900 m/min. The main benefits were: - Profinet with IRT enables printing machines to achieve substantially improved flexibility and a higher level of precision. This in turn leads to a significant increase of productivity. -The simultaneously open TCP/IP communication allows the business management level to directly access the controllers and drives, thus establishingtransparency in production. 5.2 Profinet and wireless LAN in a logisticapplication Schmolz & Bickenbach is a leading player in the German steel trade for high-quality steel foundries and steel processing. It recently upgraded its warehouse and replaced the existing festoon cabling to the mobile craneunits with wireless communication. This involved the Simatic ET200S being mounted together with an IWLAN/PB PN IO link on themovable part of the machine in order to control the position and movement of the crane.The benefits for the customer werenumerous:- Reliable and high performance communication between the fixed Simatic S7and the movable crane wagons withdistributed peripheries ET200S with I/O andSSI transmitters.- Thanks to wireless communication there areno cable breaks and thus less maintenance and better reliability.- Future-oriented solution thanks to the simpleextension possibilities.- Remote access to all components via the customer’s system network.5.3 Profinet and Safety Integrated in a fully automated production line Volkswagen AG, Europe‘s largest automobile manufacturer, planned the completemodernization of an existing, conventionallycabled production line for radiators. The aimwas a fully-automatic, distributed plant with integrated safety – a solution that uses anIndustrial Ethernet network and is characterizedby the highest levels of production quality andprocess safety.Therefore the new production line has adistributed configuration. Communication with the distributed I/O is handled over Profinet withintegrated safety technology. The individualfail-safe modules of the ET 200S distributed I/O for block diagrams, lamella machine and control cabinet communicate with the CPU 416F-2DP central plant controller over Profinet IO using the Profisafe profile. The fail-safe PLC from the Simatic S7-400F family is connected to Profinet with a CP 433-1 Advanced communications processor. A Simatic Panel PC 670 is also connected to the PLC over Profinet for humanmachine interface functionality.The achieved benefits were: -The new production line fulfils all expectations regarding production quality and process safety.- It is convincing in every other respect too and is characterized by significantlyincreased transmission performance. - The integrated connection to the automationcomponents used allows highly effective dataarchiving.- Volkswagen expects significant cost savingsfrom the new plant.6 SummaryProfinet offers today the advantages of rugged field buses together with thestandardized IT functionalities of Ethernet according to IEEE standards and in addition anumerous expansions that are essential for theuse of Ethernet technology on the plant floor. The benefits for users are: - Real-time communication in parallel with ITcommunication with high performance-Use of innovative standardized IT mechanisms for automation like security, wireless communication, web services and integrated diagnostics - Standard and failsafe communication on a single bus and also wirelessly- Vertical and horizontal integration by usingone network from the management to the field level For Profinet applications more than 120 Profinet products from 30 different vendors are available in the market and the number is strongly increasing. Not least because Profinet is standardized and driven forth by the largest field bus organization Profibus & Profinet International with more than 1400 members. To sum it up, Profinet offers the necessarysolutions and technologies to become the openIndustrial Ethernet standard for automation andhas already proven itself in many applications.。

康达维英译的上林赋原文上林赋The Composition About Shanglin两汉：司马相如Writor Sima Xiangru Dynasty Han亡是公听然而笑曰：“楚则失矣，而齐亦未为得也。

夫使诸侯纳贡者，非为财币，所以述职也。

封疆画界者，非为守御，所以禁淫也。

今齐列为东藩，而外私肃慎，捐国逾限，越海而田，其于义固未可也。

Mr.Wangshi hears and laughs:"Country Chu has something wrong,but Country Qi mustn't be correct.As for that several kings pay the tributes,the purpose isn't that emperor seeks the property,is to make kings state the situations of government affairs regularly.The emperor dilimits the boundaries,the purpose isn't that makes kings protect the borders,is to stop kings making the transgress.Now Country Qi is granted as the vassal state,however illegitimately communicates with Sushen outside,goes beyond the territory and are far from the borders,crosses the east sea to travel and hunt,actually it isn't reasonable.且二君之论，不务明君臣之义，正诸侯之礼，徒事争于游戏之乐，苑囿之大，欲以奢侈相胜，荒淫相越，此不可以扬名发誉，而适足以贬君自损也。