评析《时间与生命》的英译文,翻译来自张培基先生

功能对等理论视角下的《时间即生命》翻译研究作者：李栋来源：《科学与财富》2020年第03期摘要：中國具有深厚的历史积淀，诞生了许多优秀的文学作品。

随着中国经济发展和国际地位提升，中国在引进西方文学作品的同时也开始输出本国优秀文学作品。

张培基教授是中国著名翻译家，在中国翻译界具有重要影响，他翻译的文学作品不仅自然流畅还颇具文采，是文学翻译的经典之作。

功能对等理论是翻译研究的经典理论，在翻译史上具有重要影响。

笔者将以功能对等理论为依据对本篇译文进行研究，进而论证功能对等理论对散文翻译的指导作用。

关键词：散文翻译;《时间即生命》;功能对等理论1. 功能对等理论简介尤金·A·奈达在圣经的翻译实践中总结出了经典的翻译理论，即功能对等翻译理论。

在奈达看来，翻译是以最自然的语言在接受语中以最自然的方式重现原文中的信息，首先是意义，然后是风格。

翻译传达的信息既有表层词汇信息也有深层的文化信息。

翻译不仅是词汇意义上的对等还包括语义、风格和文体的对等（叶子南，2001）。

2. 功能对等理论视角下《时间即生命》翻译研究2.1 词性转换功能对等理论认为，翻译过程并非刻板的字面的完全对等，而是灵活的动态的转换过程（翟芳等，2017）。

英语和汉语分属于不同语系，在不同的文化背景下形成，彼此具有显著差异。

散文句式多样、语言凝练、自然流畅、富于情感，同时，散文的用词灵活考究。

在散文翻译过程中，译者对词汇的灵活转换与翻译非常重要。

原文：每移动一下就是表示我们的寿命已经缩短了一部分。

译文：Each click indicating the shortening of one’s life by a little bit.“寿命已经缩短了一部分”缩短是动词。

张培基教授在翻译过程中，并未将其生硬地译为be shortened by，而是考虑到英汉语言的不同特点，将其译为名词化的shortening，这种灵活的转换更符合目的语读者的表达习惯。

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张培基英译散文赏析之《生命》生命Life何为He Wei| 译文摘自张培基《英译中国散文选二》如果回归自然，各有不同的方式，后人总是尊重前人最后一次选择。

一位朋友偶然讲起一件事，有如一篇小小说，听者动容。

There are various ways of returning to nature, but people generally respect the last wish made by their parents towards their journey’s end. A friend of mine incidentally related to me the following occurrence which, like a little story, is very touching: 要点：1，“前人最后一次选择”译者按”父母的临终愿望“之意译为the last wish made by their parents towards their journey’s end，其中one’s journey’s end意为“临终，生命的尽头”也可译为the last wish made by their parents towards the end of their life journey2, “一位朋友偶然讲起一件事”译为 A friend of mineincidentally related to me the following occurrence，其中relate 意为“讲述”其同义词有recount，recourse, speak of，occurrence 指“发生的事情”比thing更加高端啊有木有~3，“听者动容“即”令听者动容“或”令人动容“=touching在新开发的丛林里，一条蜿蜒的小径上，一个衣着素色的女人踽踽独行，径直走向林子里的一棵树。

这里许多树大小参差不一，有的移植不久，不过都长得很快。

张培基英译现代散文选3The Commercial Press and IUnable to see the manuscripts well, I have to rely on someone to read out for me.只能听别人念With a comment scribbled in red ink about my mistakeEnter…on the recommendation of sb. 经…介绍Co-compile with sb.与…合编I acted on his behalf as editor of the magazine Fiction Monthly. 代他编…（小说月报）With sb. as my collaborator跟…合作Do proofreading看校样It was the post-Great Revolution days when the stirring times found expression in literature.时代的激荡会在文学领域反应出来。

He had up to then written no fiction.他过去不写小说。

Start its publication of the magazine…创办…杂志Sports requisites体育器械…boast a galaxy of talent…是知识分子聚集的地方。

A galaxy of talent人才济济Became concurrently director of the People’s Education Publishing House兼任社长…are still living and enjoy good health健在It is said that people in the publishing trade live longer.有人说做出版工作的人就是长寿。

张培基优美散文语言点摘要翻译75Man’s triumph over Nature 人类对大自然的胜利/ 人定胜天76As flat as a whetstone 光滑如磨刀石77Were it not for … 要不是…，如果不是…78The sight of the scene will probably call up inside you a string of ...此情此景莫不让人联想到……79So much so that … 到这样的程度以至于……/如此，以致……80For my part. 就我而言，对我来说，我认为81I cannot keep myself from … 我实在忍不住要……/我无法不……82Much less … 更不用说……，更何况于83Trudge through. 跋涉，步履艰难地走84Simplicity, earnestness, dauntlessness and unyieldingness.质朴，诚恳，英勇无畏，坚强不屈85How could you fail to … 你怎能不……？难道你会不……？86Be the symbo lic of the spirit and will of … 成为……精神和意志的象征87Bursting with vitality 生命力极强，有坚韧的生命力88Capable of surviving any hardship or oppression.折磨不了，压迫不倒，顽强地活着89I pay tribute to … 我赞美/歌颂……90be loud in someone's praise 极力称赞/赞扬某人91Knowing no one who I could approach with my questions and my doubts, I turned to God;92Always have something to recommend himself. 总有可取之处，总有闪光点93Make light of … 轻视，藐视，不在意……94Onetime capital。

张培基英译现代散文选2 1.Phrasal Expression & Wordsa blade of grassA chill in the airA constellation of fine arts异彩纷呈a grain of sanda later invention/practiceA propensity for …a red streak of dawn 一道红霞a string of cash 一吊钱a suckling baby 乳儿A tremulous voice 颤抖的声音A vast expanse of whiteAbandon oneself to…= be lost in…Absence of any feelingadd … in passing 顺便说道ajar 门半开All the more = moreAlley = alleywaysAmble alongamphitheaterAnti-Japanese Guerrilla Detachment 抗日游击队arrive on the sceneArtifice 诡计At an opportune moment 碰巧at long last 终于At one go = in one sittingAt one’s insistenceAt the suggestion of …awning 遮阳蓬base cowardice 卑怯bayonet 刺刀Be ablaze with…通明be adequately fed and clad 丰衣足食be at loggerheads with…与…斗争/不合be bereft of … = be deprived of…Be bogged down in a mire 陷入泥淖Be clad in…be confined to bed by sicknessbe daubed with…散漫地涂有Be given to doing 习惯于be immensely overjoyed 欣喜若狂Be of long standing 老资格Be on an equal footing with…与…平起平坐be on/at one’s heels 紧跟着Be ordained by fateBe overgrown with grassBe pleasant to the ear: 悦耳动听Be pregnant with meaningBe shrouded / veiled in…笼罩在Be sloppy in thinkingBe subject to the law of natureBe thoroughly drenched / soakedBe uncalled for 不合适begrudge doing = be unwilling to doBemoan the transience of youthBest serve for an answerblood debt(s) 血债Blot out 抹去Boundless expanseBring about a … moodBroad and liberal 胸径宽广bronchial tube 支气管Burst into fits of abuseBuzz with activity 活跃起来by and largecadence 抑扬顿挫Call forth tears = trigger tearscanine phobia 怕狗Canvass (for) support 游说以获得支持cessationChalk up…用粉笔写下chant Buddhist scriptureChestnut: 栗树/子Chin up and chest out 抬头挺胸Choke with sobschorus of wild yellsClog 阻碍，木屐Cluck 咯咯叫Come of = result fromCome to the fore 崭露头角Congenial response 共鸣consult sb on …Consummate = skillful = perfectCopious tears of joyCrestfallen = dejectedcringe = cowerDabble in water 戏水Damp down one’s passionday in and outdazzling brilliance 炫目/夺目的光辉Deadly dull 极其乏味Delicate features 纤细的面貌Denude trees of leavesdespotic 专制的detachment 小分队Diehard 顽固分子Din = hubbub: loud soundDine and wineDomineering 专横的Downy: fluffy + softDream away = dawdle awaydrool copiously 垂涎三尺Drudge 苦工，辛苦劳作drudgery 苦差Dwell one’s eyes on…凝视dye… red 染红Eatery 餐饮店Ebony eyes/skin 黑眼睛/黝黑皮肤Edible bird’s nest 燕窝End up in a complete fiasco 惨败Enfeeble = weakenepithet 绰号Ethereal 超凡的，优雅的Failing = if withoutFalcon 鹰隼(sun)feel conscience-strickenFeel instantly refreshed 顿时神清气爽feel overawed 肃然起敬Fellow provincial 老乡firmament 苍穹get a good thrashingGet on in years 上年纪Get the worst of it 处于劣势Gild…使…金子般发光give sb. the slip 把某人甩掉glazed tile 琉璃瓦gloss over 掩饰glower 怒视gobble up 狼吞虎咽Good wishes = blessing = auspicious remarkGood-for-nothing = lazybonesgosling 小鹅，没经验的年轻人grizzled feather 灰白的羽毛Hanker after 渴望Happen by mere coincidenceharbor/bear hatred/grudge/against…Haughty 高傲的Have the audacity to do …胆敢做Have… all to oneself 独占…Heartening = encouraginghearty thanksHigh aspiration / ambitionHoard for speculation 囤积居奇Hold sway 控制Homing / carrier pigeonhoodwink 欺骗I wouldn’t presume 岂敢immense joyImprint 印记In a dazein expectation of…in spite of oneself 不由自主in the /at dead of night 深夜In the face of the waning sunin the twinkling of an eye 瞬息之间Inhibition 拘谨Into the bargain 而且还…irk = irritateJet black: 乌黑发亮joss stick 香Keep sb at arm’s length 保持距离keep up with the trend of timesKick sb. when he’s down 落井下石Knitted browLay… to rest 安葬，平息Limpid, insipidLinden tree 菩提树loll 懒洋洋地依靠luminous 发光的Lush greenery 草木青青Lush 茂盛的Make a bungle of…弄错man of heroic mettle 有血性的人mandarin jacket 马夫Maxim 格言Megalomania 夸大狂Merit and demeritMerry-makingMope around 闷闷不乐地闲逛Motley: 混杂的Mulish=stubbornmurky 浑浊的，昏暗的Myopia 近视not a soul in sightOld fogey 老顽固On an empty stomach 空着肚子On end 连续，接连Oriole 黄鹂out of the common 非同寻常pallor 苍白脸色Pampered / spoilt childPauper = beggarperennial youthPersimmon: 柿子Piping: 尖叫声piteous 可怜的Plaintively = mournfullyplay the fugitive / pursuer 逃/追plumage 全身羽毛Plunge sb. into gloomPoetic feeling/sentiment 诗意Polish up 润色pound away 连续打击preen 刻意打扮present a view 立论Privation 贫困Propriety 行为/举止得体或恰当Prosaic 平凡的pure and simple 不折不扣，全然put … to shame 使…黯然失色Put forth buds: 抽芽Quail: 鹌鹑Railing 栏杆Rain pelted/poured downrain-drenched 雨湿的Rank weeks: 丛生的杂草recall … to one’s mindred orb 红日Relive the old daysremnant 遗留物reticence 缄默不语retracted lips 凹陷的嘴唇retrogression in history 历史的退步rickshaw boy/man 黄包车/人力车夫Roost 鸟类栖息处run amok 发狂sanguine = optimisticscamper over 蹦蹦跳跳Scamper: 小动物/孩快蹦scholarly dignity 书生气Second self = bosom friendset pen to paperShanghailandershut… out of viewshy awaySilver dollar 银元sit idle 空坐，空等skirt around 绕开Slipshod 懒散的，随便的slushy = snow-clad, sentimentalsmugly 沾沾自喜Social development / progresssolicitude 担心somehow or other 不知怎的somersault 空翻Sparingly 慎用，节省speak volumes for …充分说明Spick-and-span 干干净净spick-and-span 干净，清爽Spiritual barrennessSpongy fine sand 细软沙子Sprightly = energeticstage a demonstrationStalestand guardStand lost in reverieStand to do = be likely to do Standoffish 冷淡的status quoStatus quo现状Steer/keep/stay clear ofstem the tide of progressstirring = excitingStrands of silk 屡屡丝线Straw-ladenstretch far into the distance 伸向远处Strike / touch a (deep) chordStrike up a funeral hymn 奏挽歌swoop down 向下猛冲take … to one’s heels 溜掉Tame = docileTarry = linger Tauntingly = jokinglyThat’s a hard nut to crack.The clatter of mahjong tilesThe droning of machine 机器响声the endearing grandeur of natureThe living presentThe rattle of sabres(军刀)Thump/throb with emotionTip sb. a wink 使眼色touch upon = make mention of …Touch/strike a chordTransience 短暂，易逝Treasure / cherish memorytreat me like dirtTremor: 小颤动underdog 弱者Undeserved reputation 名不副实unflagging energy = energeticUnsheathe 出鞘uphold justiceusher in a new century 迎接新世纪Vent … on/onto…Verdant 翠绿色的Wait on sb伺候Waning sun 残阳Wax and waneWeigh heavily on one’s mind = bother sbwhisk sth. away/off 匆匆带走White fungus 银耳window pane 窗玻璃with gusto 兴致勃勃2.SentenceA creamy white ray streamed in.a large attendance of several thousandbe at the end of resources = exhaust all one’s wits/means/tricks 黔驴技穷Be emaciated and have a sallow face 面黄肌瘦be engraved / imprinted / etched / embedded on one’s mindBe exposed to the serenity of the elementsBe filled with sentiment = sentiment swells up in heart.be flogged by the scourge of life 受到鞭策Be next door to = stand next to = border onBe tucked away in the depth of memoryendure the torments of hunger 忍饥挨饿Ever lingering love for you despite our separation. 藕断丝连Give sb a sidelong glance over one’s glassesGlance at sb out of the corner of glassesIdentify oneself with broad mass of peopleLook earthward instead of skywardlord it over … = reign over… = resume domination over…Most apt / liable to slip away / slip through fingersMy heart palpitates with awe.Pass through life all but oncePlay ducks and drakes 水面掷石子比赛rise laboriously bit by bit 努力慢慢上升Susceptibility is always better than / preferable to insensibility. Through all lands and all eternity。

张培基英译散文赏析张培基英译散文赏析在日复一日的学习、工作或生活中，大家应该都对散文很熟悉吧？狭义上的散文是指与诗歌、小说、戏剧并行的一种文学体裁。

相信很多人都觉得散文很难写吧？下面是小编为大家整理的张培基英译散文赏析，希望能够帮助到大家。

雨前Praying For Rainfall何其芳He Qifang| 译文摘自张培基《英译中国散文选二》中文：我怀想着故乡的雷声和雨声。

那隆隆的有力的搏击，从山谷返响到山谷，仿佛春之芽就从冻土里震动，惊醒，而怒茁出来。

细草样柔的雨丝又以温存之手抚摸它，使它簇生油绿的枝叶而开出红色的花。

这些怀想如乡愁一样萦绕得使我忧郁了。

我心里的气候也和这北方大陆一样缺少雨量，一滴温柔的泪在我枯涩的眼里，如迟疑在这阴沉的天空里的雨点，久不落下。

英文：I can never forget the thunderstorm we often had in my home town. Over there, whenever the rumble of thunder reverberated across the valley, the buds of spring would seem to sprout freely after being disturbed and roused up from their slumber in the frozen soil. Then tenderly stroked by the soft hands of fine rain, they would put forth bright green leaves and pink flowers. It makes me nostalgic and melancholy to think about the old times and my mind is as depressed as the vast expanse of North China is thirsty. A tear stands in my dull eye and, like the rain lingering in the murky sky, is slow to roll down.要点：1，“那隆隆的有力的搏击，从山谷返响到山谷，仿佛春之芽就从冻土里震动，惊醒，而怒茁出来。

张培基现代散文翻译精选分享现在我只有让梦来满足这个愿望了Now I can only fulfill this wish in my dreams至少在梦里，我可以见到你There in a dream, I can at least come face to face with you.我会很开心，我高兴，我不假思索的随口说话I can be happy, I smile naïve smiles, I chatter away freely为了这个，我应该感谢梦For all this, I should be thankful to my dreams有些朋友，连他们的名字我以前也不知道，他们却关心我的健康，处处打听我的“病况”Some, whom I did not even know by name, showed concern over my health and went about inquiring after me.询问起，打听inquire after直到他们看见了我那被日光晒黑的脸和膀子，他们才放心的微笑了It was not until they saw my suntanned face and arms that they began to smile a smile of relief这种情形的确值得人掉泪All that was enough to move one to tears有人相信，我不写文章，就不能够生活Some believe that, without writing, I would lose my livelihood不能够生活lose my livelihood有个同情我的朋友寄稿到《广州民国日报》的副刊，说了许多关于我的生活的话One of my sympathizers, in an article published two months ago in the Guangzhou republic daily supplement, gives a full account of the conditions of my life他也说，我一天不写文章第二天就没有饭吃He also says that I would have nothing to live on once I should lay down my pen这不是确实的That is not true at all这次旅行就给我证明，即使我不再写一个字，朋友们也不肯让我冻馁It has already been proved by my recent travels that my friends would never let me suffer from cold and hunger even if I should go without writing a single word.世间还有许多慷慨的人，他们不把自己个人和家庭看得异常重要，超过一切There are a great many kind-hearted people in the world who never attach undue importance to themselves and their families and who never place themselves and place their families above anything else靠了他们我才活到现在，而且靠了他们我还要活下去It is owing to them that I still survive and shall continue to survive for a long time to come朋友们给我的东西太多太多了I owe my friends many, many things。