英国议会制辩论常用语精华总结BPdebate

接触BP赛制英辩赛不久，感受最深的就是说话斯文……Honorable judges, ladies and gentlemen , Today , as a ( ) , I am going to have a speech , my speech will be divided into ( ) part .the first part is …the second is … Here comes to my first part ……the second part of my speech is that…—补充——(⊙o⊙)题主如果打的不是BP，那么以下这些通用句式可能有用：In my experience…根据我的经验…I'd like to say this：…我会这样说…I suppose...,I'd rather..., I'd prefer...,The way I see it...,As far as I'm concerned...,就我而言，…If it were up to me...,I suspect that...,I'm pretty sure that...,It is fairly certain that...,I'm convinced that...,I honestly feel that…,I strongly believe that...,Without a doubt...,While others may argue that…, Considering the current …,It’s safe to say that…,In fact…, It’s a fact that…,A recent study has shown that…,4. How to convince in a debateThe other team has tried to make some good points, however, they forgot to think about some very important issues, namely….We hear what the opposition are sa ying but we do not agree. We will prove to you…That’s one way to think about it, however,….Their opinion may seem plausible at first glance, however, we would like to remind you of recent developments in this area. According to ….At first sight, t heir argument seems to be true. But….They unfortunately failed to reveal the truth of the matter,….It is easy enough to make broad generalisation about...like the other team just did, but in reality it is a very complex issue.It is only a matter o f time until it will become evident that the other team’s stand must fall due to the following reasons….One must take into account that….Coming up with a new pointAnother point is that … 另一点是……Another way of looking at it is … 看这个问题的另一个看法是……I forgot to say / tell you that… 我忘记要讲…5. Clarifying a point阐述观点a. what I said was…我刚才说的是…b. what I mean to say was…我的意思是说…c. let me repeat what I said.让我重复我刚才所说的。

I. Definition o f r efutation NotesA. Refutation i nvolves o ne d ebater directly r esponding t o a n argument o f a n o pposing d ebater.B. Refutation i nvolves a d ebaterobjecting t o a n a rgument r aised by s omeone o n t he o ther s ide.II. Purpose o f r efutationA. To d eny a c ompeting a rgumentB. Weaken o r e ven d estroy a n argumentC. To f orce t he o riginal d ebater t o generate a b etter a rgument.III.Methods o f r efutation A. Internal m ethod—considering t he standards o f g ood a rguments 1. Acceptability o f e vidence 2. Relevance o f l ink 3. Sufficiency o f l inkB. External m ethod 1. Creating c ounter a rguments 2. Objecting t o o pposing a rgumentswith a rguments o f y our o wn* C reated S eptember 2012 反驳的定义反驳涉及到一个辩手直接就对方辩手的论点做出反应反驳涉及到一个辩手反对对方辩手所主张的论点反驳的目的否认争议中的论点弱化甚至摧毁一个论点迫使原来（提出旧论点）的辩手提出更好的论点反驳方法内部手段：从论证逻辑角度加以批驳证据的可接受性逻辑链的关联性　逻辑链的充分性ＲＡＳ三角：良好论点所应符合的特征可接受性关联性充分性外部手段建立相抗论点以我方既有论点反驳对方论点Refutation – 2C. Combination m ethod1. Combines t he i nternal a nd external m ethod2. Evaluates t he a rgument according t o s tandards o f a g ood argument w hile s imultaneously creating a c ounter a rgument3. This i s t he s trongest m ethod o f refutation.IV. Deciding w hat t o r efute 1. Can’t r efute e verything 2. Don’t f ocus o n a rguments t hat are t he e asiest t o r efute.3. Focus o n i mportant a rguments4. Focus o n a rguments e ssential t o the o pposing s peaker’s c ase5. Focus o n a rguments t hat p revent you f rom m aking y our o wn c aseV. Process o f r efutation: F our-­‐Steprefutation1. “They s ay . . .” (identify t he t arget argument y ou w ill b e r efuting)2. “But I s ay . . .” (state t he c laim o f your o wn r efutation)3. “Because . . .” (provide s upport for y our r efutation)4. “Therefore . . .” (explain w hy t he argument i s i mportant t o t he debate)联合手段将内外手段联合使用在用良好论点标准衡量对方的同时建立相抗论点这是最强的反驳手段反驳对象的选择不要什么都反驳不要紧盯着最易反驳的点盯紧重要的点聚焦反方立论的基础与核心论点聚焦阻碍我方立论的对方论点四步反驳法“对方认为・・・”（指明目标）“但是我方认为・・・”（阐明立场）“因为・・・”（加以论证）“所以・・・”（说明该点重要性）。

英语辩论常用语Honorable judges, distinguished guests, ladies and gentlemen.....Ways to open a debateTo set the framework for our opinion, we believe it is necessary to state…We would like to introduce our stand by giving the following definitions. …In order to effectively debate this topic, we would like to propose….A number of key issues arise which merit (deserve) closer examination.We will elaborate one of the most striking features of this problem, namely…In the first place we would like to make clear that….The main argument focuses on….Reasons and offering explanations:To start with…,The reason why...,That's why...,For this reason...,That's the reason why...,Many people think....,Considering...,Allowing for the fact that...,When you consider that...,2. Asking for an opinion from the other partyI would be glad to hear your opinion of …我很乐意听听你对……的意见。

正方一辩（PM）一．注意事项：1.status quo(辩题背景分析)；2. Definition, narrowing down the topic（具体化）“for the purposes of ..., we will interpret the motion to include only...” ；3. 为辩题设立并阐述一个讨论模型——若是政策性的，需要包括以下三项：stakeholder(s), feasibility, 其他有关细节。

4.为辩题立论（正方观点陈述arguments）二. 套句：Good morning/afternoon, ladies and gentlemen, dear judicators and Mr./Miss speaker. This house believes that ....As the prime minister, I want to give a definition, my definition is that.... Before I come to my arguments, I will give you several status quo. The first status quo is that/about...The second status quo is ...Now, let’s move to my arguments.My first argument is...My second argument is about ...My third argument is..还剩时间的话：ladies and gentlemen, what I have told you is that...The second for... the third for...Base on these three(视情况而定）arguments, we are so proud to propose today's motion. Thank you.反方一辩(LO)一、注意：承接正方观点（engage），反驳后陈述己方观点。

1、BP制是British Parliamentary（英国议会制）的简称，是仿照英国议会开会议事模式而设计的一系列辩论赛规则的总称，是全世界范围内使用最广泛的辩论规则，世界大学生辩论赛WUDC（The World Universities Debating Championships）及中国辩论公开赛China Open均使用此规则。

2、常见的BP制是四队议会制辩论，每场比赛分正反双方，设“正方上院”、“正方下院”、“反方上院”、“反方下院”四队，每队两人，故可概括为“两方、四队、八人”。

3、胜负评判为排序制，即根据各队表现在四队中排出1、2、3、4名，胜负不以正反方而论，即完全可以出现正方上院第一名而正方下院第四名的情况。

4、BP制的竞赛程序可简单描述为“角色扮演”+“交替演讲”，每位辩手均拥有一个议员角色，均拥有7分钟左右（不同赛事时长不一）发言时长，正反方从上到下交替发言，没有自由辩论等任何快速交替发言环节。

5、BP制有一种特殊的“质询”规则：Point of Information (“PoI”)。

PoI允许对方辩手在“非保护时间”（每人发言时间中除开第一分钟和最后一分钟之外的所有时间）示意要求提问，经发言者允许后向发言者提问质询。

质询者提问时间计入发言者时长，故针对PoI，发言者有权决定是否接受、何时接受、如何回答等事宜。

6、BP制区别于常见华语辩论赛制的最大特点在于“角色扮演”，如下表：正方上院第一位发言者首相(Prime Minister)正方一辩反方上院第一位发言者反对党领袖（Leader of the Opposition）反方一辩正方上院第二位发言者副首相（Deputy Prime Minister）正方二辩反对党副领袖（Deputy Leader of the反方上院第二位发言者反方二辩Opposition）正方下院第一位发言者政府阁员（Member of Government）正方三辩反方下院第一位发言者反对党阁员（Member of the Opposition）反方三辩正方下院第二位发言者政府党鞭（Government Whip）正方四辩反方下院第二位发言者反对党党鞭（Opposition Whip）反方四辩7、除一般的“立我方、批对方”的发言责任外，BP制中每个角色还有其独特的角色责任，对该责任的实现程度构成胜负评判的最大因素。

China Debate Education NetworkCurriculum OutlineSummarizing Arguments in Whip Speeches*中国辩论教育网络课程大纲党鞭陈词的论点总结NotesSummarizing arguments in “Whip” speeches 党鞭陈词中的论点总结I. Role of Whip speakers 一、党鞭的角色职责A. Government Whip A.政府党鞭1. Direct refutation of previous 1.直接反驳前面的反三opposition speaker2. Summary: direct 2.总结：直接比较政府和反对党comparison of governmentand opposition positions‐ A Whip speech should be a -党鞭陈词应该是一项归纳重组的工作，应将我方占reframing job, to regroup all the 优势的论点总结归纳好。

advantageous arguments to thatside of the debate.‐An experienced whip will try to -一个有经验的党鞭会试图将整场辩论纳入己方熟悉reframe the whole debate by 和喜爱的领域然后加以归纳总结leading the argumentationprocess into a familiar andfavorable territory to that side ofthe debate.B. Opposition Whip B.反对党党鞭1. Summary: direct 1.总结：直接比较政府和反对党comparison of governmentand opposition positions2. Indirect refutation (included 2.间接反驳（包含在总结中）in the summary)‐Direct refutation may cause the -直接反驳将导致反对党党鞭陷入正方的陷阱：他将Opposition Whip to fall into a 不得不使用对方的词汇和角度去辩论trap by debating using the otherside’s vocabulary andperspective.‐Refutation is a necessary part -但反驳对于反四又很重要，鉴于不宜直接反驳，间of this speech. Since it cannot be 接反驳则更显明智。

正方一辩（PM）一．注意事项：1.status quo(辩题背景分析)；2. Definition, narrowing down the topic（具体化）“for the purposes of ..., we will interpret the motion to include only...” ；3. 为辩题设立并阐述一个讨论模型——若是政策性的，需要包括以下三项：stakeholder(s), feasibility, 其他有关细节。

4.为辩题立论（正方观点陈述arguments）二. 套句：Good morning/afternoon, ladies and gentlemen, dear judicators and Mr./Miss speaker. This house believes that ....As the prime minister, I want to give a definition, my definition is that.... Before I come to my arguments, I will give you several status quo. The first status quo is that/about...The second status quo is ...Now, let’s move to my arguments.My first argument is...My second argument is about ...My third argument is..还剩时间的话：ladies and gentlemen, what I have told you is that...The second for... the third for...Base on these three(视情况而定）arguments, we are so proud to propose today's motion. Thank you.反方一辩(LO)一、注意：承接正方观点（engage），反驳后陈述己方观点。

英国议会制辩论常用语精华总结B d e b a t e精编W O R D版IBM system office room 【A0816H-A0912AAAHH-GX8Q8-GNTHHJ8】Honorable judges, distinguished guests, ladies and gentlemen..... LOGICAL ＆ CLEARLYWays to open a debateTo set the framework for our opinion, we believe it is necessary to state…We would like to introduce our stand by giving the following definitions. …In order to effectively debate this topic, we would like to propose….A number of key issues arise which merit (deserve) closer examination.In the first place we would like to make clear that….The main argument focuses on….1.Giving Reasons and offering explanations:To start with…,The reason why...,That's why...,For this reason...,That's the reason why...,Many people think....,Considering...,Allowing for the fact that...,When you consider that...,2. Asking for an opinion from the other partyI would be glad to hear your opinion of …我很乐意听听你对……的意见。

BP英国议会制辩论资料
辩题，应该禁止或限制石油和天然气开采吗？
正方观点，我们认为应该禁止或限制石油和天然气开采。

首先，这些化石燃料的开采和使用是导致气候变化的主要原因之一。

随着
全球气温不断上升，我们已经看到了极端天气事件的增加，这对人
类和生态系统都构成了巨大的威胁。

其次，石油和天然气的开采对
环境造成了严重的破坏，包括水和土壤污染，野生动物栖息地破坏等。

最后，我们认为应该加快转型到可再生能源，这不仅可以减少
对化石燃料的依赖，还可以创造更多的就业机会和经济增长。

反方观点，我们认为不应该禁止或限制石油和天然气开采。

首先，这些化石燃料是目前全球能源供应的主要来源，禁止或限制开
采将导致能源短缺和经济衰退。

其次，石油和天然气产业在很多国
家都是重要的经济支柱，禁止或限制开采将导致数以百万计的工作
岗位丧失。

最后，我们认为应该采取技术和管理手段来减少化石燃
料的环境影响，而不是简单地禁止或限制开采。

结论，在这场辩论中，我们听到了双方对于石油和天然气开采
的不同观点。

虽然禁止或限制开采可能会带来一些经济和社会方面
的困难，但我们也不能忽视化石燃料对气候和环境的影响。

我们希望政府和企业能够在保障能源供应的同时，加大对可再生能源的投资，推动能源转型，实现可持续发展。

BP英国议会制辩论资料
辩题，应该对碳排放实施更严格的限制措施。

尊敬的议员们，今天我们聚集在这里，讨论的是一个至关重要
的议题，是否应该对碳排放实施更严格的限制措施。

随着全球气候
变化的加剧，碳排放已成为我们面临的最严重的环境问题之一。

因此，我们必须采取行动，以减少碳排放并保护我们的地球。

首先，让我们看看碳排放对环境造成的影响。

大量的碳排放导
致了全球气候变暖，引发了极端天气事件，如干旱、洪灾和飓风。

这些事件不仅给人们的生活带来了巨大的影响，还对生态系统造成
了严重破坏。

如果我们不采取行动，这些影响将会进一步恶化，对
我们的子孙后代造成更大的威胁。

其次，我们必须认识到，碳排放的减少并不会对经济造成严重
影响。

相反，采取措施减少碳排放将推动新的清洁能源产业的发展，创造更多的就业机会，并促进经济的可持续发展。

因此，对碳排放
实施更严格的限制措施是有利于经济的。

最后，我们必须认识到，减少碳排放是全球性的挑战，需要全
球范围内的合作。

作为一个发达国家，英国应该在这方面发挥示范
作用，积极采取行动，鼓励其他国家也加入到减排的行列中来。

因此，我呼吁各位议员们支持对碳排放实施更严格的限制措施。

我们必须采取行动，保护我们的地球，保护我们的未来。

谢谢。

1、BP制是British Parliamentary（英国议会制）的简称，是仿照英国议会开会议事模式而设计的一系列辩论赛规则的总称，是全世界范围内使用最广泛的辩论规则，世界大学生辩论赛WUDC（The World Universities Debating Championships）及中国辩论公开赛China Open均使用此规则。

2、常见的BP制是四队议会制辩论，每场比赛分正反双方，设“正方上院”、“正方下院”、“反方上院”、“反方下院”四队，每队两人，故可概括为“两方、四队、八人”。

3、胜负评判为排序制，即根据各队表现在四队中排出1、2、3、4名，胜负不以正反方而论，即完全可以出现正方上院第一名而正方下院第四名的情况。

4、BP制的竞赛程序可简单描述为“角色扮演”+“交替演讲”，每位辩手均拥有一个议员角色，均拥有7分钟左右（不同赛事时长不一）发言时长，正反方从上到下交替发言，没有自由辩论等任何快速交替发言环节。

5、BP制有一种特殊的“质询”规则：Point of Information (“PoI”)。

PoI允许对方辩手在“非保护时间”（每人发言时间中除开第一分钟和最后一分钟之外的所有时间）示意要求提问，经发言者允许后向发言者提问质询。

质询者提问时间计入发言者时长，故针对PoI，发言者有权决定是否接受、何时接受、如何回答等事宜。

6、BP制区别于常见华语辩论赛制的最大特点在于“角色扮演”，如下表：正方上院第一位发言者首相(Prime Minister)正方一辩反方上院第一位发言者反对党领袖（Leader of the Opposition）反方一辩正方上院第二位发言者副首相（Deputy Prime Minister）正方二辩反对党副领袖（Deputy Leader of the反方上院第二位发言者反方二辩Opposition）正方下院第一位发言者政府阁员（Member of Government）正方三辩反方下院第一位发言者反对党阁员（Member of the Opposition）反方三辩正方下院第二位发言者政府党鞭（Government Whip）正方四辩反方下院第二位发言者反对党党鞭（Opposition Whip）反方四辩7、除一般的“立我方、批对方”的发言责任外，BP制中每个角色还有其独特的角色责任，对该责任的实现程度构成胜负评判的最大因素。

Honorable judges, distinguished guests, ladies and gentlemen.....LOGICAL ＆CLEARLYWays to open a debateTo set the framework for our opinion, we believe it is necessary to state…We would like to introduce our stand by giving the following definitions. …In order to effectively debate this topic, we would like to propose….A number of key issues arise which merit (deserve) closer examination.In the first place we would like to make clear that….The main argument focuses on….1.Giving Reasons and offering explanations:To start with…,The reason why...,That's why...,For this reason...,That's the reason why...,Many people think....,Considering...,Allowing for the fact that...,When you consider that...,2. Asking for an opinion from the other partyI would be glad to hear your opinion of …我很乐意听听你对……的意见。

I was wondering where you stood on the question of …我想知道你对……问题怎么看。

正方一辩（PM)一．注意事项：1.status quo(辩题背景分析）；2。

Definition, narrowing down the topic（具体化）“for the purposes of ..., we will interpret the motion to include only。

..” ；3. 为辩题设立并阐述一个讨论模型——若是政策性的，需要包括以下三项：stakeholder(s），feasibility, 其他有关细节。

4.为辩题立论（正方观点陈述arguments）二. 套句：Good morning/afternoon, ladies and gentlemen，dear judicators and Mr。

/Miss speaker. This house believes that ...。

As the prime minister，I want to give a definition, my definition is that.。

Before I come to my arguments，I will give you several status quo. The first status quo is that/about。

..The second status quo is ..。

Now, let's move to my arguments.My first argument is。

My second argument is about ...My third argument is。

还剩时间的话：ladies and gentlemen，what I have told you is that...The second for。

. the third for.。

Base on these three（视情况而定）arguments, we are so proud to propose today’s motion。

正方一辩（PM）一．注意事项：1.status quo(辩题背景分析)；2. Definition, narrowing down the topic（具体化）“for the purposes of ..., we will interpret the motion to include only...” ；3. 为辩题设立并阐述一个讨论模型——若是政策性的，需要包括以下三项：stakeholder(s), feasibility, 其他有关细节。

4.为辩题立论（正方观点陈述arguments）二. 套句：Good morning/afternoon, ladies and gentlemen, dear judicators and Mr./Miss speaker. This house believes that ....As the prime minister, I want to give a definition, my definition is that.... Before I come to my arguments, I will give you several status quo. The first status quo is that/about...The second status quo is ...Now, let’s move to my arguments.My first argument is...My second argument is about ...My third argument is..还剩时间的话：ladies and gentlemen, what I have told you is that...The second for... the third for...Base on these three(视情况而定）arguments, we are so proud to propose today's motion. Thank you.反方一辩(LO)一、注意：承接正方观点（engage），反驳后陈述己方观点。