高等学校研究生英语听说教程(下)听力原文材料

Have you wished you were better at making a conversation? A great conversationalist is someone who connects with people and makes them feel important. When they talk to you, they make you feel like you're the only person in the room.Becoming a good conversationalist requires knowing three things: first, how to start a conversation; second, how to keep it going; and third, how to end it.Starting a conversation usually means coming up with an opening line or ice breaker. The best kind of ice breaker is one that's positive. A compliment is always a good ice breaker and will usually be appreciated. Any news event is a good ice breaker. The fact is, any opening line will do, as long as it's not negative, and as long as it's not a lie. The best way to entice a person to have a conversation with you is by being sincere and respectful, and letting them know that you are interested in talking to them.Once you've got a conversation going, the best way to keep it going is by asking the other person questions that don't require just a yes or no answer. Ask questions similar to those a reporter might ask to draw a person out; who, what, when, where, why and how questions. You keep asking questions based on the last thing a person says. This is called the "elaboration technique". Once you hit on something you find interesting, keep asking questions in order to get the person to elaborate about the topic as much as possible. A good conversationalist elaborates on the experiences they've had. Instead of saying the party was fun, tell why it was fun. Describe why you had a good time—who was there, what happened, where it was, and how people arranged the party. Go into detail. Description is the best form of communication because it keeps people's interest up and stimulates them.If you started a conversation with another person, and you're having difficulty ending it, there are several signals you can send to the other person that will bring the conversation to its close without hurting anyone's feelings.Breaking eye contact is a discreet signal that the conversation is about to end. Another way to signal is to use transition words like well, or at any rate. You may want to recap all that was said. Whatever you do, don't lie to the other person. If you're not interested in talking to them again, don't mention the possibility of a future meeting just to be polite. That's hypocritical. Instead, you may want to say, "Nice meeting you." And then, leave.Finally, be sure to give the other person a good, firm handshake. The final impression you make can be just as important as the initial one you made.First StoryMy husband and I met in high school. During our senior year, we studies biology together. We talked and laughed a lot during class. One Friday, we Joked that we should go on a date that night. At first, I didn't know if he was serious. He didn't know if I was joking. That night I put on a new dress and waited. He had a more difficult time. He had to knock on the door without knowing if I would be ready or not. But he knocked, and I was ready! That was our first date. This year, we celebrated our fortieth wedding anniversary'Second StoryMy husband and I met one day at an airport. It was Christmas day. I was picking up my friend Bernd. He was coming from Germany to spend the holidays with my family. While we were waiting for his luggage, I heard a man speaking in Italian. I decided to say something to him because I speak Italian.I said, "Buon Natale" which means, "Merry Christmas!" When I spoke in Italian, he said, "Mama mia! Why do you speak Italian? Who are you?" He asked me for my phone number. He called me the next day, and we dated for a year. Then we got married. So be careful who you talk to in the airport!Third StoryMy wife and I met through our parents. Our parents arranged our marriage. Before we got married, my wife and I wanted to meet. Our parents arranged our first meeting in a restaurant. That night, we talked about ourselves and what we wanted in our lives. We talked for hours. We shared our hopes and dreams. After a while, we decided that our parents were right! And we got married.Fourth StoryMy wife and 1 met through a matchmaker. I'm an engineer, and in my field, most people are men. I couldn't meet any women at work. So one day I saw an advertisement for a matchmaking service, and I decided to call. The matchmaker introduced me to many nice women. I enjoyed meeting them, but I didn't meet anyone I wanted to marry. Finally, she introduced me to my wife. I decided not to date any other women because I liked her very much. We enjoyed the same things, and we laughed a lot together. We also had the same goals and values in life. My wife and I were married six years ago, and now we have two children. I'm glad I picked up the phone and called that matchmaker!Among married couples in the U.S., one finds a wide range of living patterns. Some older couples still have traditional marriages, with the man as breadwinner and the woman as homemaker. But most younger women today are not content to be full-time homemakers. The women's liberation movement, which swept the country in the 1960s, changed attitudes and behavior forever. Today's young American woman wants marriage, but she also wants her own identity. She wants what men have always had—a marriage that is important but still allows time to pursue individual goals. The maJority of American wives, even those with children, work outside the home- As a result, the older idea that housework, cooking, and child care are "women's work" is being discarded. In the contemporary American marriage, the husband and wife share both financial and domestic responsibilities.Sharing money-making and housekeeping responsibilities provides a better life for the family. Of course, problems can develop in the two-income family if the husband expects his working wife to be the perfect homemaker that his stay-at-home mother was- Also, there may be arguments if the wife expects her husband to help with household chores, but he is unwilling to do so. In most families, the working wife probably still handles the largest share of the housework, cooking, and child care. but she gets some help from her husband.The contemporary American marriage is also characterized by a relationship of equality and shared decision making. Most American women today will not tolerate a husband who considers himself the boss. The American girl is given freedom and education equal to a boy's. After completing her education, she is able to get a job and support herself. She does not need to marry for financial security. She is self-sufficient and will not accept a submissive role in marriage. When husband and wife are able to share decision making and respect each other's viewpoints, their marriage is probably closer than those of past generations. When they battle for dominance, they're likely to end up in divorce court.―Ring out the old, ring in the new,‖ wrote Alfred, Lord Tennyson, the nineteenth-century English poet. And that's exactly what Americans do every December 31. New Year's Eve is a time for noise and fun- At home or in restaurants, most Americans drink and dine with friends- At midnight on New Year's Eve, bells ring, horns blow, and friends toast each other with champagne. It's also customary to exchange kisses. New Year's Eve festivities often continue until two or three o'clock in the morning. Many people travel from one party to another to celebrate with several different groups of friends The country's most crowded New Year's Eve celebration takes place in New York City's Times Square. Since 1907, the famous ball-lowering ceremony has been a holiday highlight. To celebrate the arrival of the year 2000, an estimated 2 million people crowded into Times Square, and hundreds of million viewed the scene on TV The huge, 1,070-pound lighted crystal ball began its descent from a 77-foot flagpole at 11:59 p.m. and reached the bottom at exactly midnight. Simultaneously, confetti, balloons, and fireworks brightened the night sky. It was the biggest public event ever held in the city.What do Americans do on New Year's Day? Many sleep late because they stayed up all night long. Many watch TV which offers spectacular parades and football games between champion college teams. From ancient times to the present. New Year's customs have been connected with saying good-bye to the past and looking forward to a better future. Therefore, New Year's Day often inspires people to start new programs and give up bad habits. Some people make New Year's resolutions. People talk about "turning over a new leaf", referring to a clean, blank page or a fresh start. Typical New Year's resolutions are to spend less money, give up smoking, begin a diet, or be nicer to others. It's safe to assume that about half of them are forgotten by January 31'It was a cool autumn evening. Mrs. Brown was sitting in her living room, reading. Suddenly, there was a loud knock on her door, then two or three more knocks. Mrs. Brown put the safety chain on her door. Then she opened the door a little and looked out. There stood three children wearing masks and costumes. When they saw her, they all shouted, "Trick or treat! Money or eats!"Mrs, Brown dropped a candy bar into each child's bag."Thanks for the candy," shouted the children as they ran off to ring another doorbell-"You're welcome," said Mrs. Brown. "Have fun, and don't play any pranks."Every year on October 31. Halloween scenes like this occur throughout the USA. American children love to dress up in costumes and go trick-or-treating. If an adult refuses to supply a treat—candy, cookies, fruit, or money— the children may play a trick. Typical Halloween pranks are soaping windows, writing on doors with crayons, overturning garbage cans, sticking pins into doorbells to keep them ringing, throwing raw eggs, and spraying shaving cream on cars and friends.Halloween is celebrated by nearly all American children, and over 70% of adults also participate in some Halloween activity. College students and other young adults may attend masquerade parties or Halloween parades. Many families carve pumpkins and decorate the outside of their homes with the traditional Halloween symbols. Businesses get into the act, too. Store windows display jack-o'-lanterns, scarecrows, and witches. Servers in restaurants and salespeople in supermarkets and bookstores are often in costume. Many nightclubs and bars encourage customers to come in costume by offering prizes for the best disguisesUINT 4 PART 31. W: Some people say that many TV programs are silly, meaningless, or a waste of time. What do youthink of them, Jim?M: It seems to me that some important social issues—like drugs, divorce and so on—are dealt with fairly realistically and a lot of honest talks can be heard in these programs.Q: What does the man think of the TV programs?2. W: How was the lecture yesterday?M: Well... It was a complete drag.W: How come? Many students seem to be interested inJohnson's lecture.M: But the one yesterday was the pits. It bored me to tears.Q: How does the man think about the lecture yesterday?3. W: Frank, what do you think about your college life?M: Generally speaking, my college years are exciting and rewarding, but they are certainly not easy or carefree. Just about all college students face the pressure of making important career decisions and some anxiety about examinations and grades.Q: What does the man think about his college life?4. W: Wow! This is a marvelous room! Whose idea was it to decorate the room like this?M: It was Jane's.W: I never knew she was good at this. She must be very art-conscious.Q: What does the woman think about Jane now?5. W: I've been reading a lot lately about the issue of women's rights, and I find that is a very hot topicnow.M: It depends on which magazine or paper you read. If it's a women's magazine, just about every article has that as a topic in one way or another.Q: What is the man's response to the woman's saying?6. M: Ann, it's good to see you back. Do you remember when we were kids, we used to go swimmingtogether?W: Yeah. I sure do. I really love this town and I have a lot of good memories from here.M: I want to tell you that we take a lot of pride in the gold medal you won and we are behind you one hundred percent.Q: What does the man think of the woman?7. W: How are you doing since you retired four months ago?M; I thought it would be wonderful to be retired. I have looked forward to this day for thirty years, but now I'm considering volunteering.Q: What does the man feel about his retired days?8. W: Well, it seems that Frank has become quite a famous painter.M: Has he? You know I'm a professional artist myself and I question how much talent Frank has. Q: What conclusion can be drawn from the man's comments?UINT 14 SECTION A1、Miyoko: Hi, Wendy!Wendy: Hello.Miyoko: What's wrong? Are you sick?Wendy: Yeah. I have a really bad headache.Miyoko: Oh. I'm sorry- You want some aspirin?Wendy: No thanks. I'm just gonna go to bed and rest.2、Lisa: Hey girl. What's up?Leslie: Not much. What about you?Lisa: Nuthin' special. Hey, are you okay?Leslie: Yeah. I guess I'm Just really sore from going to the climbing gym yesterday.Lisa: Me, too' 1 guess we overdid it. My back is sore, and 1 have a stiff neck.Leslie: Next time, we'd better stretch after we exercise!Lisa: Yes! Good idea.3、Professor Chavez: Hi, Tony. How are you?Tony: Not so good, Professor Chavez. I think I'm coming down with a bad cold.Professor Chavez: Really? What's wrong?Tony: Well, I have a stuffy nose and a cough.Professor Chavez: Do you have a fever? You look a little warm.Tony: Maybe. I feel kinda hot.Professor Chavez: Tony, you should go home and go to bed- You might have the flu that's been going around.Tony: OK. That sounds like a good idea.Professor Chavez: Remember to drink lots of juice and get lots of rest. I hope you feel better soon!4、Stephanie: Hello?Mom: Stephanie, it's Mom.Stephanie: Hi, Mom.Mom: I just called to. see how you were feeling.Stephanie: Thanks, Mom. Actually, I still have a fever.Mom: Did you take some medicine?Stephanie: Yeah. It's helping.Mom: What about your stomach? Is it still bothering you?Stephanie: Yeah-1 still feel sick to my stomach.Mom; Oh honey, I'm sorry. Is there anything I can do?Stephanie: No thanks, Mom. I feel better just talking to you.5、Brian: Erica, I found that report we were looking for.Erica: Great! Let's take a look at it. Brian: Achoooo!Erica: Oh, Brian, are you still not feeling well?Brian: Yeah. This morning I felt better, but now my head hurts.Erica: Are you getting enough sleep?Brian: 1 slept a lot last night, but I still feel tired.Erica: Listen,Brian. I can handle things here today. Why don't you go home and rest? We can finish this project tomorrow. There's no hurry.Brian: Thanks, Erica. I might just do that.6、Doug; Jenny, wait up!Jenny: Doug! I'm glad to see you. 1 wanted to tell you how much fun I had last weekend.Doug: Yeah. We enjoyed it too. We always enjoy hiking in the mountains. Unfortunately, Mary and I are both scratching like crazy.Jenny; Oh no. Poison oak?Doug: I'm afraid so. We both have a rash on our legs.Jenny: Oh, Doug. That's too bad. Doug: Yeah. We feel really itchy.Jenny: Oh no. we had such a nice day together'Doug: Yeah. We had a good time, too. Next time we'll be more careful1、Doctor: Hello, MicheUe. I'm Dr. Benson.MicheUe: Hi.Doctor: How are you feeling today?Michelle: Not so good.Doctor: Well, what seems to be the problem?Michelle; I have a bad cold.Doctor: I can hear that. How long have you had it?Michelle: About three weeks- Every time I think it's going away, I get sick again.Doctor: OK, Michelle. I'm going to examine you now.2、Doctor: Michelle, we didn't find an infection. That's good. That means that you only have abad cold. That means that you don't need to take any medicine. But I know that youdon't feel very well. I want to ask you some questions, all right?MicheUe: OK.Doctor: Has school been very difficult lately?Michelle: Well . . . not really. I've been drinking a lot of coffee to stay up late to study.Doctor: What about exercise? Have you been able to get any exercise during midterm exam?Michelle: No. I've been studying so much I haven't had time.Doctor: Well, Michelte. It sounds to me as though you've been studying so much that you haven't given your body a chance to get better. When you're sick, you need to payattention to your body. I'm going to give some advice. If you follow my advice, you'llstart to feel better soon. OK?Michelle; OK.Doctor: Well, first, you must sleep more. You need to get at least seven or eight hours of sleep every night. You cannot study well if you don't get enough sleep –Michelle: I know.Doctor: Next, you have to eat better. Your body cannot work well if you don't give it good food.Try to eat more vegetables and fruits. And limit your coffee to two cups a day. Michelle: OK.Doctor: Finally, you should exercise more. Try to exercise at least three times per week. It doesn't have to be running or aerobics. Walking is an excellent exercise and is easy todo. Michelle: All right.Doctor: Any questions?Michelle: So you think I should sleep more, eat better, and exercise more. If I do those things, I'll feel better?Doctor: And you won't get sick as often, Michelle.Michelle: Thanks a lot. Doctor.Doctor: You're very welcome, Michelle. Take care.Most people know that exercise is important. But many people don't exercise. In this announcement you will hear the five most common reasons why people don't exercise. You will also hear some easy solutions.The first problem? No time. "I don't have any time to exercise. I'm too busy." But you don't need a lot of time to exercise. Short periods of exercise are just as good as long periods of exercise. The solution? You should take two or three short walks every day. For example, ten minutes in the morning, ten minutes at lunch, and ten minutes after dinner.Next, money. "I don't have money to go to a gym. 1 don't have money to buy expensive shoes." No problem. You don't have to spend money to exercise. All you need is a street and comfortable clothes. Our solution? Walk. Don't drive. For instance, walk to the store, to the library, to the bank. Walking is free and easy.The third most common reason is bad weather. "It's raining. It's too hot. It's snowing." Here's a solution. Exercise inside. For example, turn on some music. Dance. Or clean the house. You can go to the shopping mall and walk fast.Fourth, people say they're tired. "I'm too tired to exercise. I'll exercise when I have more energy." But exercise gives you energy. Most people feel too tired because they don't exercise. The solution? Exercise every day. Take a walk. Go for a bike ride. Run around the block. You'll feel great! And you won't feel tired.Finally, some people feel embarrassed. "I feel silly exercising. I don't have a great body." Listen to this solution: Don't feel bad; you should feel great! You're taking care of your body. Little by little, you will feel better. Just do it!You have heard the five reasons why people don't exercise. More importantly, you have heard five solutions to overcome these problems. Now that you have heard this message, go out and exercise! Good luck.。

LESSON ONE Resources and EnergyPART A1.W: Could you mail these letters for me, please?M: More letters? Your friends are going to be very happy to hear from you.Q: What does the man imply about the woman?2.W: Does Professor Ford always come to class?M: Is ice cold?Q: What do you learn about Professor Ford?3.W: Would you have some time this week to go over these questions with me?M: How does tomorrow sound?Q: What does the man mean?4.M: Hey? John! John!W: Save your breath. He's out of earshot.Q: What is true about John, according to the woman?5. W: You only have water to serve your guests?M: This isn't just water. This is imported mineral water.Q: What is the implication of the woman?6. M: Could I borrow a twenty to tide me over till payday next Tuesday?W: You are in luck. I just cashed the check.Q: What will the woman probably do next?7. M: Jean, didn't you get my messages? I left two on your answering machine.W: Hmm? Oh, sorry, Tom. I've been meaning to get back in touch with you. It just slipped my mind.Q: Why didn’t the woman return the man’s calls?8. W: I'm sorry, sir, but you're allowed only one piece of luggage on the plane. You'll have to check in one of your suitcases at the package counter.M: Actually, one of these belongs to the woman up ahead. I'm just giving her a hand. Q: Why is the man carrying an extra suitcase?9. W: We need to drive to the city tonight, but the doctor said this medicine might make me drowsy.M: In that case, I'd better drive.Q: What does the man think the woman should do?10. M: Look at all the pollution going into the air from those factories. Do you think they'll ever get under control?W: With the new laws and social awareness, we'll turn things around.Q: What does the woman predict will happen?11. W: Aren't you cold? Why aren't you wearing a jacket?M: I overslept this morning, so I ran out of the house without listening to the forecast.Q: Why isn’t the man wearing a jacket?12. M: prof. Jones, last night when I was putting the finishing touches on my paper that electrical storm completely wiped out my computer files. Do you think I could have another day to retype it?W: I'm sorry, Steven. I’m leaving for a conference tomorrow, and I'll be away for 2 weeks. I suppose you could send it to me there.Q: What will the professor probably allow the student to do?13. W: Do you know if Mary has come by the office this morning?M: I just got here myself, so I'm not the one to ask.Q: What does the woman want to know?14. M: I really enjoyed that TV special about "wealth" last night. Did you get to home in time to see it?W: Well, yes. But I wish I could have stayed awake long enough to see the whole thing.Q: What does the woman mean?15. W: Take two of these pills three times a day and you shouldn't take them on an empty stomach.M: What if I don't have an appetite?Q: What can be inferred about the man?PART BPassage I:The population of the world has been increasing faster and faster. In 10,000 B.C., there were probably 10 million people. In A.D. 1, there were 300 million. It took 1750 years for the population to reach 625 million, a little more than double the A.D. 1 figure. In 1990, there were 5.3 billion people. By the year 2000, the world's population was over 6 billion, and by 2050, it is expected to reach 10 billion. Does the earth have enough natural resources to support this many people? Different scientists give different answers to this question. Some say that there are enough resources to support more than 6 billion people. However, the richest countries, with a small percentage of the world's population, use most of the resources. If these resources could be distributed more equally around the world, there would be enough for everyone. Other scientists say that we must limit population growth because our resources are limited. Only 10 percent of the earth's land can be used for farming and another 20 percent for raising animals. It is possible to increase the amount of farmland, but only a little. Some land in developing countries could be more productive if people started using modern farming methods, but this would not increase worldwide production by much, We all know that there is a limited amount of petroleum. There are also limits to the amounts of metals. There is a limit to the amount of water we can use since most of the earth's water is salt water, and most of the fresh water is frozen at the North and South Poles. It is difficult to say how manypeople the earth can support, but it will help everyone if we can limit population growth before serious shortages develop. The problem is how to do it.1. Between 1990 and 2000, what changes did the world population have?2. According to some scientists, which of the following is true?3. Why can't most of the earth's water be used?4. In developing countries, what does the use of medern farming methods result in?5. According to the author, what can you infer from the passage?II 1.There were probably 10 million people.2.It is expected to be 10 billion.3.If the resources could be distributed more equally around the world, there would be enoueh for everyone.4.Only 10 percent.5. It is how to limit population growth.Passage II:Fresh water, life itself, has never come easy in the Middle East. Ever since the Old Testament when God punished man with 40 days and 40 nights of rain, water supplies here have been dwindling. The rainfall only comes in winter and drains quickly through the semiarid land, leaving the soil to bake and to thirst for next November. The region's accelerating population growth, expanding agriculture, industrialization, and higher living standards demand more fresh water. Drought and pollution limit its availability. War and mismanagement squander it. Nations like Israel and Jordan are swiftly sliding into that zone where they are using all the water resources available to them. They have only 15 to 20 years left before their agriculture, and ultimately their food security, is threatened. Even amid the scarcity there are haves and have-nots. Compared with the United States, which has a freshwater potential of 10,000 cubic meters a year for each citizen. Iraq has 5,500. Turkey has 4,000, and Syria has little more than 2,800. Egypt's potential is only 1,100. Israel has 460, and Jordan has less than 260. But these are not firm figures, because upstream use of river water can dramatically alter the potential downstream. Scarcity is only one element of the Middle East’s water crisis. Inefficiency is another, as is the reluctance of some water-poor nations to change priorities from agriculture to less water-intensive enterprises. Some experts suggest that if these nations would share both water technology and resources, they could satisfy the region's population, currently 159 million. But in this patchwork of ethnic and religious rivalries, the water crisis is not a clear-cut issue. It is entangled in the politics that keep people from trusting and seeking help from one another. Here, where water, like truth, is precious, each nation tends to find its own water and supply its own truth.1. When does the rainfall come in the Middle East?2. What is the cause of the water crisis?3. How many years are left for Israel and Jordan before their agriculture is threatened?4. What is the current population in the Middle East according to the passage?5. According to some experts' suggestion, what should the nations do in order to avoid a water crisis ?II 1) 10,000 2) 5,500 4) More than 2,8003) 4,000 5) Egypt 6) 460 7) Less than 260 Lesson Two Crime and PunishmentPart A1.M: Hello?W: Hello. This is Dr. Grey's office. We are calling to remind you of your 4:15 appointment for your annual checkup tomorrow.M: Oh, thanks. It's a good thing you called. I thought it was 4:15 today.Q: Why is the office calling the man?2. W: How wonderful! You won the scholarship. Can you believe it?M: No. It's almost too good to be true.Q: What does the man mean?3. W: Excuse me, Professor Davidson. But I was hoping to talk to you about my class project for economics.M: I have a class in a few minutes. Why don't you come and see me during office hours tomorrow?Q: When will the woman discuss her project with Professor Davidson?4. M: How are you feeling? W: The stuff the nurse gave me seemed to have helped. But it's making me awfully drowsy.Q: What do you learn about the woman?5. M: Bill Smith has volunteered to write a summary of the proposals we've agreed on. W: Will I have a chance to review it?Q: What does the woman want to know?6.M: The view is spectacular. Could you take a picture of me with the mountains in the background?W: I'm afraid I just ran out of film.Q: What problem does the woman have?7. W: Excuse me, we're ready to order now.M: I'll be with you in just a minute.Q: What does the man mean?8. W: I think I forgot my umbrella. Did you notice if it is raining outside?M: Yeah, it is. And I just realized I left my car window open.Q: What will the man probably do next?9. W: How does your daughter like her new school?M: Fine. She seems to have made new friends in no time.Q: What can be inferred about the man's daughter?10. W: There's an article here in this magazine you might find interesting. It's aboutbuying running shoes.M: If it's not chemistry and it's not on the final exam, I can't read it now.Q: What is the man probably doing?11. M: You're washing your car even on vacation. It makes me feel guilty.W: You shouldn’t, it’s just that I have nothing better to do at this moment.Q: What do you think of the woman?12. M: My doctor told me I need to go for some expensive treatments for my injured knee.W: Are you sure? Maybe you need a second opinion.Q: What does the woman suggest the man do?13. W: Hello. Could you fit me in for an appointment today? I need a stylist who is good at cutting curly hair.M: Julia is good at that. She is the owner. How about noon?Q: What will the woman probably do?14. W: There's nothing I like more than a good mystery novel when I've got some spare time.M: I like to read, too. But I prefer non-fiction, history, social commentary and stuff like that.Q: What does the man imply?15. M: I'm not an expert, but that noise in your refrigerator doesn't sound good. Maybe you should call and have it checked out.W: You're right. And I suppose I've put it off long enough.Q: What will the woman probably do?Part BPassage IPurse snatching is an increasingly common crime. There are estimated 50 to 100 purse snatchings each month in the New York City subways, the number often swinging widely because of the depredations of a single teenager. When such a professional is in custody, the snatches can decrease by more than 50 a month. One of the favored techniques is to stand between two subway cars and, as a train starts pulling out of the station, reach out and pull free a woman's purse.Recently, a crime analysis officer for the New York Police Department found that purse stealing in Manhattan's top restaurants was up 35 percent over the previous year. When a woman puts her purse on an empty chair at a table or at her feet beside her chair, she is inviting a purse snatcher to take it. Purse snatchers often work in pairs. When a target in a restaurant is seen, one of them will create some kind of disturbance to gain the victim's attention. While the woman is looking away from her table, the actual snatcher will lift the purse. A popular technique is for the thief to carry an umbrella with the curved handle down. The umbrella handle suddenly hooks the bag and in an instant it is on the thief's wrist, or under the coat over his arm if he is a man,and on its way out of the restaurant. Police advise that women in restaurants keep their purse either on their laps or on the floor between their legs.Other purse snatchers who operate in theaters are called "seat tippers", victimizing women who put their purses down on a neighboring empty seat. Others specialize in snatching purses from ladies' rooms. When a woman is in a toilet stall, her purse should never be placed on the floor or hung on the coat hook on the door. Thieves simply dive under the door and grab the purse on the floor, or stand on the toilet in the next stall and reach over and take the purse off the hook. The snatcher has enough time to escape since the victim can't immediately pursue the thief.I. 1. When does the number of purse snatchings decrease most dramatically?2. Where does a purse snatcher like to commit crimes in subway stations?3. When women are in restaurants, where are they advised to put their purses?4. What does a thief often use to snatch purses in restaurants?5. According to this passage, where does purse snatching not usually occur?II. crime analysis officer; take it; purses; in pairs; top restaurants; an empty chair; to some kind of disturbance; coat hook; snatching never be placed; in the next stall; enough time to escapePassage IIOn the afternoon of July4,1995, Mrs.Beatrice Weinberger brought her one-month old baby back from an outing. She left the pram outside her house and hurried inside to get the baby a clean nappy. When she returned a few moments later, the pram was empty and a scrawled note was lying where her baby had been. The note said: "Attention. I badly need money, and can't get it any other way. Don't tell the police about this, otherwise I will kill the baby." "Just put $2,000 in small bills in a brown envelope, and place it next to the road lamp at the corner of Albamarle Rd. at exactly 10 o'clock tomorrow (Thursday) morning." "If everything goes smooth, I will bring the baby back and leave him on the same corner 'safe and happy' at exactly 12 noon. No excuse, I can not wait! Your baby-sitter." Despite the kidnapper's warning, Mrs. Weinbarger contacted the police. A small parcel containing broken pieces of newspaper was placed on the comer the following morning. But the kidnapper did not show up. He failed to keep two other” appointments" with the Weinbergers, and left a second note signed "Your baby-sitter'. By then, the police felt that the baby was no longer alive. The FBI was called in, and the handwriting experts set to work to try to track down the kidnapper. In both notes an unusual z-shaped stroke was placed at the front of the y in words such as "money" and "baby". Starting with the New York State Police Office, the experts spent the next six weeks carefully going over local records at police offices, factories, hotels, clubs and schools and examining handwriting samples and comparing them with the writing on the kidnapper's notes. Then, in the middle of August, the experts' hard efforts paid off. The handwriting of John Rush Blake matched that of the kidnapper's, especially in the peculiar formation of the y's. Not long after, John Blake was arrested for making illegal alcohol. On being shown the handwriting samples, he confessed to kidnapping the baby. He told the police thathe had left the baby alive and well in a nearby park on the day after the kidnapping. But when officers hurried to the place, all they found was the baby's dead body. The criminal was later put into New York's Sing Sing Prison. Even if John Blake had tried to disguise his handwriting he would still have been caught. No matter how hard someone may try to disguise his handwriting characteristics, the "individuality" of the writer shows through, the very angle at which he or she holds a pen, the way a t is crossed and an i is dotted, the height and size of capital and small letters, the amount of space between words, the use (or misuse) of punctuation marks. All these can identify a person as surely as fingerprints.I. 1. What happened to Mrs. Weinberger on the afternoon of July 4th, 1995?2. According to the message left by the kidnapper, on what condition could Mrs. Weinberger have her baby back?3. What did Mrs. Weinberger do after reading the note?4. How did the FBI catch the criminal?5. Which of the following words can best describe people's handwriting characteristics?II. 1. ( T ) When Mrs. Weinberger came back from an outing something terrible happened to her.2. ( T ) Someone kidnapped her baby because he lacked money.3. ( F ) The kidnapper did not confess to die kidnapping of the baby in the face of the handwriting sample.4. ( T ) It was the handwriting expert that broke the case.5. ( F ) At last, the police found the baby and he was safe and happy.Passage III.Timothy McVaigh placed a powerful bomb near a federal government building in Oklahoma City in 1995. The explosion killed 168 people, including 19 children. Arguments are increasing in the United States both for and against the death penalty. The increasing death penalty debate is caused by the planned execution of convicted murderer McVeigh. He is to be the first person executed by the federal government since 1963. 38 states permit the death sentence. Last year 85 people were executed in the United States. Recent public opinion studies show that more than 75 percent of Americans supper McVeigh's execution. These include many Americans who usually oppose the death sentence. Kent Scheidegger is with the Criminal Justice Legal Foundation in Califomia. It is a victim's rights organization that supports the death penalty. Mr. Scheidegger says McVeigh is a perfect example of why there is a need for a federal death penalty. He says anything less than the death of McVeigh would show a complete lack of justice. Groups opposed to the death penalty say the approval of the execution of McVeigh does not show an increase in general public support for the death penalty. Opinion studies show that support for the death penalty has decreased. Studies show 77 percent of Americans supported it five years ago, now only about 63 percent do, Opponents of the death penalty have always argued that it was unfair. They say poor people who can not pay for good legal help receive thedeath penalty more often than others. And they say courts order the death penalty more often when the accused is a member of a racial minority group. Lesson Three Computers and the Internet Part A1.M: This report is due tomorrow. Would you be able to work on it with me tonight? W: Unfortunately, I have another commitment.Q: What is the woman saying?2. W: I wonder where the books I ordered are. I expected to receive the package several days ago.M: Maybe you'd better check it out with the company. They could be temporarily out of stock.Q: What does the man suggest the woman do?3. M: I just have to type this last page and then I'm through.W: By then, I'll be done, too.Q: What can be learned about the woman?4. W: Did you read the editorial in the paper about the mayor's speech?M: I sure did. But I think they twisted the meaning of what he said.Q: What does the man say about the editorial?5. W: Why don't we go to see a movie tonight? A good comedy might cheer you up. M: I would. But the reason that I've been so down is all this work I have to do.Q: What can be inferred about the man?6. W: So, are you going to see the students' play tonight?M: I doubt it. I'm still getting over the flu.Q: What is true about the man?7. M: Gordon needs to find another place to live. The apartment he rents now has been sold to a new owner.W: He'd better start looking right away. When all the students come back in a few weeks, he won't find any near the campus.Q: What does the woman suggest Gordon do?8. W: Mind if I borrow your Spanish workbook?M: Not as long as I have it back in time to take to class this evening.Q: What does the man mean?9. W: You don't believe in diets, do you?M: There is nothing wrong with them per se but they have to be combined with exercise to do any good.Q: What is the man's attitude towards diets ?10. W: I don't know which color folder to use, white or brown.M: What difference does it make? It's the content that's important.Q: What is the implication of the man?11. W: You know, I've heard that Professor Martin's Introduction to Chemistry class is too demanding for first year students. They say it's the most difficult course for graduate students.M: Yeah, but a lot of students will tell you otherwise. Go talk to anyone who has gone to an advanced course, like Organic Chemistry, or who studied chemistry in graduate school. They're really glad they started out with Professor Martin.Q: What does the man imply about Professor Martin?12. W: Hey, Mark. Have you been able to sell your old piano, yet?M: Hmm, you were right. Just posting notices on bulletin boards at a couple of supermarkets wasn't enough. I think I'll have to place an advertisement in the local newspaper.Q: Which of the following is true according to the conversation?13. W: I'm amazed that you still haven't gotten to know your neighbors.M: They tend to keep to themselves.Q: Why hasn't the man gotten to know his neighbors?14. W: Hi! Um, I think something is wrong with the washing machine. It works, and I just did my laundry, but it makes some strange noises. Maybe you should call someone to fix it.M: Oh, don't worry. Someone from the repair shop is already on the way over to take a look at it.Q: What is the implication of the man?15. W: It's so thoughtful of you to offer to drop me off at the train station. Are you sure it's not out of your way?M: Not at all. The station is really close to where I'm going.Q: What can be learned about the man?Part BPassage IThe Application of Computers in Education The best method for improving educational standards is to utilize every tool available, including state-of-the-art technology. Computers and the internet have expanded the way in which information can be delivered to the students of today. Today's networking technologies provide a valuable opportunity to practise new learning techniques. Educators are discovering that computers are facilitating learning. Computer-based communications, or telecommunications, can offer many educational opportunities; therefore, educators will need to adapt current teaching methods to incorporate this new media into the classroom. Computers have made a fundamental impact on most industries, providing a competitive advantage that has come to be essential to many businesses. Therefore, schools must also use technology to improve the educational process. School systems often consider purchasing a computer network, and justify its purchase by applying itto routine administrative tasks, such as attendance records and grading. While these tasks are very important, they only show a small part of what technology can do for a school. Technology must go further than simply keeping attendance; it must focus on keeping students interested and productive. Since computers and the Internet have expanded the ways in which education can be delivered to students, it is currently possible to engage in "distance education" through the Internet. Distance education involves audio and video links between teachers and students in remote areas. Video conferencing allows groups to communicate with each other. Desktop video conferencing promises to bring students together from geographic and cultural distances face to face via computer. Not only will the teacher talk to the students, but the students will be able to interact with each other. This will make students more interested in learning.I. 1. According to the passage, what are educators discovering?2. What do schools usually purchase computer networks for?3. According to the author, what should computers be mainly used for?4. Which of the following is NOT a feature of video conferencing?5. Which of the following is true according to the passage?II. fundamental impact; be essential; improve the educational process; justify its purchase; attendance records; what technology can doPassage IIE-Commerce The Internet, as a means for commerce, did not become reality until the 1990s. Before this time, it was mainly a tool for the army, and a research device for some American universities. Its popularity grew when it proved to be a fast and efficient means to conduct long distance transactions, as well as an effective way to distribute information. The first advantage that e-commerce possesses is speed. With increased speeds of communication, the delivery time is expedited and that makes the whole transaction from start to finish more efficient. Also, you can find practically any product available for sale on the Internet. Even more significant is the fact that information appearing on the Internet can be changed rapidly. This gives business owners the ability to inform customers of any changes to the service that they are offering. The second advantage of electronic commerce is the opportunity it offers to save on costs. By using the Internet, marketing, distribution, personnel, phone, postage and printing costs, among many others, can be reduced. You can start doing business in cyberspace for as little as $100. The savings, therefore, are tremendous. These funds can then be diverted to marketing and advertising your product or service. Cyberspace knows no national boundaries. That means you can do business all over the world as easily as you can in your own neighborhood. Since the Internet connects everyone in cyberspace, information is transmitted at the speed of sound or the speed of light, depending on your connection. Either way, distance becomes meaningless, which enables you to link to nearly anyone on the globe, and anyone on the globe can link to you. The ability to establish links makes doing business on the Internet attractive to customers in any part of the world. A potentialsource of trouble is customer concerns with privacy and security. Anything sent over the Internet is sent through several different computers before it reaches its final destination. The concern regarding Internet security and privacy is that unscrupulous hackers can capture credit card or check account data as it is transferred or break into computers that hold the same information. Making a customer feel safe is important when doing business on the Internet. Even though no one can guarantee 100% security when transferring financial information over the Internet, e-commerce is still safer than using credit cards at an actual store or restaurant, or paying for something with the use of a 1-800 number."I. l. Before being used for commerce, what was the Internet mainly used for?2. Which one of the following is NOT a factor that can make transactions more efficient on the Internet?3. Why does distance become meaningless in e-commerce?4. What do customers worry about in e-commerce?5. What is the main idea of this passage?II. source; privacy; security; destination; credit card; transferred; feel safe; guarantee; safer than; paying forPassage IIIComputerized SystemsIt was pointed out by a computer wag that a computerized system consists of three subsystems: hardware, software, and jellyware. Hardware is the computer itself -- the collection of slightly impure chunks of silicon dioxide and other metal oxides that sometimes conduct electricity and sometimes don't, but never conduct it very well. Basically, hardware is mostly sand with some metal and some organic plastic material to hold it together. Software consists of the instructions necessary in order for the hardware to do things. The instructions are nothing more than signals indicating that certain pieces of hardware are to turn themselves on or off in specific sequences at specific times in specific areas of the hardware. The basic instructions are written or given in binary terms -- on or off-- and other software elements translate this to and from the more complex language used by the next element in the system. Jellyware is the human being who tells the hardware what to do, who gives the hardware its data, who utilizes the output of the hardware, who writes the software, and who uses the output of the software. Jellyware itself is a computer consisting of hardware and software. Jellyware is mostly water with specific and small amounts of impurities in certain locations. The jellyware's software is mostly preprogrammed with some RAM that is inputted as a result of experience. Hardware and jellyware differ only in the fact that hardware is made up of crystalline structures while jellyware consists of colloidal structures. The jellyware's operating systems appear to function in the parallel mode while those of the hardware operate in a series mode. However, the output of jellyware is one-channel sequential and series in form. Like hardware, jellyware can do only one thing at a time.。

研究⽣英语听说教程（引进版）听⼒原⽂2研究⽣英语听说教程（引进版）听⼒原⽂Take on Listening:Listening and Speaking StrategiesLesson 2Denise: Excuse me, miss, how much does it cost to ride BART?Stranger: Well, that depends on your destination. From here to Glen Park it’s only a dollar ten, but if you go as far as Fremont, it costs a lot more.Tom: We’re going to Berkeley. Do you know what the fare is?Stranger: There are two stations in Berkeley. Which one are you interested in?Denise: Oh, gee, I’m not sure. We’re from out of town. We’re visiting my sister. She told me her house is just a stone’s throw from the UC Berkeley campus. Which station is that?Stranger: The downtown Berkeley station is really close to the university. I’m sure that’s the one you want.Denise: Tom, are you going to remember this, or should I be jotting this down?Tom: What is there to write down, Denise? The woman is giving us very simple directions. So, how much is the fare to downtown Berkeley?Stranger: Let’s go take a look at the map over there. You see, the map shows you how much it costs to go from one station to another. Ah, there it is: two dollars and sixty-five cents.Tom: Two sixty-five? That’s highway robbery for such a short distance!Denise: You think that’s expensive? Tom from our house to Amherst it costs twice as much as that. Tom: Yeah, but that’s an hour ride. You really get your money’s worth.Stranger: Yeah…Uh…Well, did your sister explain which train to take?Tom: Berkeley. WE take the Berkeley train to Berkeley, right?Stranger: Well, no actually. That’s just one stop on the Richmond line. Here, let me show you on this map. Here we are a t Powell Street in San Francisco, and it’s basically a straight shot on the Richnond line to the downtown Berkeley station. Denise: Yes, my sister said we wouldn’t have to change t rains.Stranger: Uh-oh, what time is it?Denise: It’s 8:15.Stranger: You can’t go directly to Berkeley from San Francisco after 8:04.Tom: Uh-oh. Is there another train we can catch?Stranger: Don’t worry. You can take the Pittsburg line. Look here, take the Pittsburg line to the 12th Street Station in Oakland, and then transfer to the Richmond train. The Richmond train will stop in Berkeley. Get off at the downtown station. From there you can walk to your sister’s house. Denise: We want to be there by 9 o’clock. If we have to transfer, we might be late. Do you think we’ll make it in time?Stranger: It doesn’t take that long. Let’s see; there’s a train from here at 8:18. It arrives at the 12th Street Oakland station at 8:34. You can get a Richmond train rig ht away at 8:34, and you’ll arrive in Berkeley at 8:46.Tom: Let’s see if I’ve go t this right: We take the 8:18 Pittsburg train and arrive in Oakland at 8:34. Then we take the 8:34 Richmond train to Berkeley. That should be a snap.Stranger: Yeah, you’ll have no trouble.Tom: Thank you very much for your help, Miss. You’re a very kind young lady.Denise: And so pretty and smart, too! Tell me dear, I notice you’re not wearing a ring. Stranger: Well, no, uh…Denise; You know, my sister’s son is very handsome. I think you two would like each other…Stranger: Uh, well; oh! I think I hear your train coming! You’d better hurry so you don’t miss it!Part ThreeExercise 3AThe BART system is a modern metro that links thirty-nine stations throughout Northern California’s San Francisco Bay Area. The trains are operated by computers and the BART station platforms have electronic signs that light up with information about trains that will be arriving. Exercise 3C1. How long does it take to get from JFK Boulevard to Town Plaza? That’s JFK Boulevard to Town Plaza.2. What is the fare from Oxford Avenue to College Avenue? That’s Oxford Avenue to College Avenue.3. How much does it cost an dhow long does it take to go from Fifth Street/Florida to Grove Street? Again, that’s both the fare and time from Fifth Street/Florida to Grove Street.4. How much is a round-trip ticket from 75th Street to Kentucky Street? That’s a round-trip ticket from 75th Street to Kentucky.5. How much time does it take to travel from Kansas Street to 20th Street? Again, how much time does it take to travel from Kansas Street to 20th Street?6. You are at the Alabama Street station. It’s twelve noon and you just got on the tra in. What time will you arrive at the Madrid Avenue station? Again, it’s twelve noon and you’re going from Alabama Street to Madrid Avenue. What time will you arrive at the Madrid Avenue station?7. What time does the 4:07 PM train from Yonkers arrive at Grand Central Terminal? Again, what time does the 4:07 PM train from Yonkers arrive at Grand Central Terminal?8. What time does the 6:20 AM train from Grand Central Terminal arrive in Yonkers? That’s the 6:20 AM train from Grand Central Terminal arrive in Yonkers.9. 9. How many trains are there from Grand Central Terminal to Yonkers from 4:20PM until 7:53 Pm? Again, how many trains are there from Grand Central Terminal to Yonkers from 4:20PM until 7:53 PM?10. How long is the trip from Yonkers to Grand Central Terminal? Again, that’s the time from Yonkers to Grand Central Terminal.11. Which trains from Yonkers to Grand Central Terminal do not stop at 125th Street? Again, which trains do no stop at 125th Street going from Yonkers to Grand Central Terminal?12. Look at your watch. What time is it right now? What time will the next train from Grand Central Terminal arrive at 125th Street? Again, using the time now, when will the next train from Grand Central Terminal arrive at 125th Street?Part FourExercise 11. Was her flight from New York on time?2. Did you get the rental car information?3. Which bus do I take to go downtown?4. Is Alice meeting us at the train station?5. Why was the man yelling at the stranger?6. Are you going to call the travel agent today?7. How long do we have to wait for the next bus?8. Where are you going after the meeting?9. What did you do with your extra ticket?10. Were you going to go to the airport alone?Exercise 21. What time did the plane arrive?2. How often do you take the bus?3. Did someone meet them at the airport?4. Why didn’t she tell us she would be late?5. Who will pay for the extra ticket?6. Were you at the bus station yesterday?7. How far is it from here to New Jersey?8. Which bus do you think we should take?9. Whose purse was left on the bus?10. Are you meeting your brother at the bus station?Part FiveExercise 11. How much is the fare to Kansas ST.?2. When is the next Yonkers train?3. Does this bus go to City Hall?4. How long does it take to get to Park Lane?5. Which line do I need to take to get to the Macarthur Station?6. Can you tell me how far the trip from Boston to San Diego is?7. What’s the fastest way to get to Grand Central Terminal from here?8. Do you know where the train for Atlanta stops?Exercise 2:1. The 12:20 train to Seattle will leave in two minutes.2. The next train to Yonkers will leave from Grand Central Terminal in ten minutes.3. A round-trip ticket from JFK Boulevard to Kansas St. is $2.90.4. We’re sorry, but the 12:10 train Riverdale will be six minutes late.5. The bus from Los Angles to Burbank leaves every fifteen minutes at that time of the day.6. The next Fremont train will leave from platfor number 4 in half an hour.Exercise 31. Question: Where does this person want to go?A: Pardon me, how much does it cost to go to the Jefferson Auditorium?B: That’s $1.80 one way, but you can’t go directly there after 6:00 PM. You’ll h ave to take a Lenox train at that hour and then transfer to a Hastings train at the Portsmouth station. 2．Question: What time will the next bus for Chicago leave?A: Excuse me, when does the next bus to downtown Chicago leave?B: Let’s see. One just left a t 8:00. The schedule says that that bus leaves every fifteen minutes, so…A: Uh-oh;it’s already 8:10. I’d better hurry.B: Ooh, I hope you make it.2. Question: What is the total round-trip fare for the children?A: May I help you?B: Yeah, we’d like to get tickets from Portland to Long beach.A: When are you planning on going?B: We were thinking of going the week of June 15th.A: Gook. That’s far enough in advance to take advantage of our supersaver fares. If you purchase your tickets thirty days in advance, it will only cost $240 round trip.B: $240. That sounds good.A: How many people are in your party?B: There’s my wife and me, plus our two kids.A: Ooh, we have a special discount available for our young travelers. Let’s see, kids under twelve fly for half price and those under three can go for free.B: Well, Evelynne is six and Renee is one.A: Very good. Let me check the computer to see which flights are open the week of the 15th.Exercise 41. It’s really easy to get to school from my house by bus.2. Greenwich is very close to London.3. I take a 20-minute bus ride from home to work every day.4. I leave my house each day at 8 am.5. WE’re going to Hawaii for our next vacation.6. According to this, the train to Vancouver will arrive in ten mnutes.7. Do I need a Bakerloo or a Victoria train to get to Picadilly Circus?8. How much is a ticket to Baltimore an then back again?9. You need to take a #5 bus to the Berman Station. Then, catch a #12.10. This bus is too crowded between 7am and 9am.。

LESSON FIVEPlaces to See in Britain1. W: How is your paper coming along?M: My typewriter's broken.Q: What does the man mean?2. W: Have you tried Susan's apple pie?M: I got the last piece and it was out of this world.Q: What does the man mean?3.W: If you're staying late, Will you be sure to lock up the officewhen you leave?M: OK. I hope I won't be more than an hour.Q: What does the man mean?4. W: Nancy really wants to ski on Thursday.M: Yes. But she can't, can she?Q: What does the man say about Nancy?5. M: Let me help you with those packages.W: Thanks. But it's only three quarters of a block.Q: What does the woman tell the man?6. W: You know, Sally was supposed to meet us here an hour ago.Maybe we should give her a ring. After all, she is the onewho organized the study session.M: You're right. I'll do it.Q: What will the man probably do?7. M: Forgive the mess in here. You see, we had a party last night.There were a lot of people. They all brought food, and theleftovers were all over the place.W: Yeah, I can tell. Well I guess it's pretty obvious what you'll be doing most of today.Q: What does the woman imply?8. W: I'm worried about my jewelry business, I really thought Icould do better.M: At least, you broke even. That’s better than most people do in their first year.Q: What can be inferred from the conversation?9. W: I need to get in touch with Bill about tomorrow's presentation,but his phone has been busy for the longest time.M: I usually have dinner with him in the cafeteria. Why don't I ask him to give you a call later?Q: What will the man probably do?10. M: Care for some more dessert? There's plenty of cake left.W: If I had any more, I'd be overdoing it.Q: What does the woman mean?11. M: This scarf is nice, but Debbie really wanted a sweater forher birthday.W: I know, but I didn't know her size.Q: What can be inferred from the conversation?12. M: Think you'll be able to finish sketching out the plans for theelection campaign by tomorrow or do you need some help?W: Well, there's so quite a bit to do but I'll be able to pull everything together.Q: What does the woman mean?13. W: About the concert tonight, it's unlikely I'll be able to pickyou up before seven.M: Well, we could just get together there instead.Q: What does the man suggest they do?14. M: Ah-oh, l burned your toast. I'll put in a couple more slices.W: No, don't waste the bread. Just scrape off the burned part.It'll be fine.Q: What does the woman mean?15. M: Weren't you going to find out from the registrar if you haveenough credits to graduate next semester?W: You're right. I'd better get over there. Their hours are limited and they can get pretty busy.Q: What will the woman probably do?Passage I:The drive from England to Scotland provides the traveler with many pleasant changes of scenery. As it is a fairly long journey, it is good to be able to travel with a friend who can take turns with you at the wheel.A patriotic Scotsman traveling with English friends may tellthem they are going to see, in the Highlands, the finest scenery in the world. This may sound exaggerated, but on arriving in the Highlands most people readily agree that the scenery is indeed magnificent.The Highlands are, as the name implies, the hilly or mountainous region of the country; they form the greater part of the western half of Scotland.On the first night in Scotland tourists may choose to put up at a hotel in the little town of Callander, which is known as one of "the Gateways to the Highlands". On the following day they can set out to see the various lakes, or rather "lochs", in the neighborhood, and will be delighted with the wild and romantic aspect of the countryside. When they return to their hotels they will be glad to eat a copious "high tea". This is a meal which, in Scotland and many parts of northern England, takes the place of tea and dinner: It consists of one substantial course, such as one would have at dinner, followed by bread and butter, with jam or honey, and some kind of cake or cakes; tea is drunk with the meal, which is taken at about six o’clock in the evening. One has a light supper late in the evening.The next morning many tourists journey on to the west coast.The road twists and turns, dips and climbs, but is not dangerous. The greatest hazard is the black-faced sheep: these animals are as active and impudent as goats, and frequently wander recklessly into the road. The tourists may also see a herd of long-haired Highland cattle, which look savage but are no more so than ordinary cattle. Eventually the road runs parallel with the sea, along a coastline fringed with little islands and made ragged with rocky bays and the deep inlets that are also called "lochs".1.What kind of region are the Highlands?2. Where might tourists stay on their first night in Scotland?3. What is meant by "high tea"?4. What is the road to the west coast like?5. What other animals does a tourist see on the way to the west coast?Passage Ⅱ:On the western side of Britain lies one of the most beautiful parts of the British Isles: the Principality of Wales. The Welsh mountains have a beauty which is rugged and forbidding, but the slopes are as green and fertile as the valleys and provide rich pasture for sheep and cows.In central and north Wales, farming is the main occupation,but the valleys of south Wales are very heavily industrialized. Here the wealth of the land lies below the surface in rich coal seams, and the mining villages grew into busy towns around iron and steel foundries, chemical works and oil refineries.Wales is very popular for holidays. Every year, thousands of people spend their summer holidays at the seaside resorts on the North Wales coast or, if they prefer it, enjoy undisturbed peace and quiet in isolated villages remote from town life. Those who like to be energetic will probably choose Snowdonia. This part of the country round Snowdon, the highest peak in the Welsh mountains (and the second highest in Britain), is ideal for climbing and walking holidays.Wales has been called "The Land of Song". The Welsh people are famous for their good voices and it is rare to find a village without at least one choir competing in an "eisteddfod" or arts festival. The biggest festival of all is the International Eisteddfod held every year in Llangollen in Clwyd. Singers, dancers, musicians and poets come from all over the world to compete for the awards, often wearing colorful national costume. The Welsh girls contribute to the festival gaiety with their national dress-a tall black hat, a scarlet skirt and a starched white apron. Thestreets of this small country town bustle with the comings and goings of visitors speaking many languages, One of the foreign languages heard will be English, for in North Wales many of the local people speak Welsh as their native tongue. Today, only about a quarter of the Welsh population speak this ancient language as their first language, although many more who use English can understand Welsh as well, and encourage their children to learn it at school. The Welsh people are proud of being Celtic, with an ancient language and a heritage of their own.1. Where does Wales lie?2. Which of the following can describe the Welsh mountains?3. Which place is ideal for a climbing and walking holiday?4. Why is Wales often called "The Land of Song"?5. What percentage of the population of Wales speaks Welsh?Part D1) state, 2)the will, 3)imagination, 4)freshness,5)courage over timidity, 6) deserting, 7) wrinkle the skin, 8) enthusiasm, 9) soul, 10)heart, 11)spirit 12)wonders, 13)what's next, 14)game of living, 15)beauty, 16)infinite, 17)down, 18)pessimism, 19) optimism,20) young。

（完整版）研究⽣英语听说教程（引进版）听⼒原⽂2研究⽣英语听说教程（引进版）听⼒原⽂Take on Listening:Listening and Speaking StrategiesLesson 2Denise: Excuse me, miss, how much does it cost to ride BART?Stranger: Well, that depends on your destination. From here to Glen Park it’s only a dollar ten, but if you go as far as Fremont, it costs a lot more.Tom: We’re going to Berkeley. Do you know what the fare is?Stranger: There are two stations in Berkeley. Which one are you interested in?Denise: Oh, gee, I’m not sure. We’re from out of town. We’re visiting my sister. She told me her house is just a stone’s throw from the UC Berkeley campus. Which station is that?Stranger: The downtown Berkeley station is really close to the university. I’m sure that’s the one you want.Denise: Tom, are you going to remember this, or should I be jotting this down?Tom: What is there to write down, Denise? The woman is giving us very simple directions. So, how much is the fare to downtown Berkeley?Stranger: Let’s go take a look at the map over there. You see, the map shows you how much it costs to go from one station to another. Ah, there it is: two dollars and sixty-five cents.Tom: Two sixty-five? That’s highway robbery for such a short distance!Denise: You think that’s expensive? Tom from our house to Amherst it costs twice as much as that. Tom: Yeah, but that’s an hour ride. You really get your money’s worth.Stranger: Yeah…Uh…Well, did your sister explain which train to take?Tom: Berkeley. WE take the Berkeley train to Berkeley, right?Stranger: Well, no actually. That’s just one stop on the Richmond line. Here, let me show you on this map. Here we are a t Powell Street in San Francisco, and it’s basically a straight shot on the Richnond line to the downtown Berkeley station. Denise: Yes, my sister said we wouldn’t have to change t rains.Stranger: Uh-oh, what time is it?Denise: It’s 8:15.Stranger: You can’t go directly to Berkeley from San Francisco after 8:04.Tom: Uh-oh. Is there another train we can catch?Stranger: Don’t worry. You can take the Pittsburg line. Look here, take the Pittsburg line to the 12th Street Station in Oakland, and then transfer to the Richmond train. The Richmond train will stop in Berkeley. Get off at the downtown station. From there you can walk to your sister’s house. Denise: We want to be there by 9 o’clock. If we have to transfer, we might be late. Do you think we’ll make it in time?Stranger: It doesn’t take that long. Let’s see; there’s a train from here at 8:18. It arrives at the 12th Street Oakland station at 8:34. You can get a Richmond train rig ht away at 8:34, and you’ll arrive in Berkeley at 8:46.Tom: Let’s see if I’ve go t this right: We take the 8:18 Pittsburg train and arrive in Oakland at 8:34. Then we take the 8:34 Richmond train to Berkeley. That should be a snap.Stranger: Yeah, you’ll have no trouble.Tom: Thank you very much for your help, Miss. You’re a very kind young lady.Denise: And so pretty and smart, too! Tell me dear, I notice you’re not wearing a ring. Stranger: Well, no, uh…Denise; You know, my sister’s son is very handsome. I think you two would like each other…Stranger: Uh, well; oh! I think I hear your train coming! You’d better hurry so you don’t miss it!Part ThreeExercise 3AThe BART system is a modern metro that links thirty-nine stations throughout Northern California’s San Francisco Bay Area. The trains are operated by computers and the BART station platforms have electronic signs that light up with information about trains that will be arriving. Exercise 3C1. How long does it take to get from JFK Boulevard to Town Plaza? That’s JFK Boulevard to Town Plaza.2. What is the fare from Oxford Avenue to College Avenue? That’s Oxford Avenue to College Avenue.3. How much does it cost an dhow long does it take to go from Fifth Street/Florida to Grove Street? Again, that’s both the fare and time from Fifth Street/Florida to Grove Street.4. How much is a round-trip ticket from 75th Street to Kentucky Street? That’s a round-trip ticket from 75th Street to Kentucky.5. How much time does it take to travel from Kansas Street to 20th Street? Again, how much time does it take to travel from Kansas Street to 20th Street?6. You are at the Alabama Street station. It’s twelve noon and you just got on the train. W hat time will you arrive at the Madrid Avenue station? Again, it’s twelve noon and you’re going from Alabama Street to Madrid Avenue. What time will you arrive at the Madrid Avenue station?7. What time does the 4:07 PM train from Yonkers arrive at Grand Central Terminal? Again, what time does the 4:07 PM train from Yonkers arrive at Grand Central Terminal?8. What time does the 6:20 AM train from Grand Central Terminal arrive in Yonkers? That’s the 6:20 AM train from Grand Central Termi nal arrive in Yonkers.9. 9. How many trains are there from Grand Central Terminal to Yonkers from 4:20PM until 7:53 Pm? Again, how many trains are there from Grand Central Terminal to Yonkers from 4:20PM until 7:53 PM?10. How long is the trip from Yonkers to Grand Central Terminal? Again, that’s the time from Yonkers to Grand Central Terminal.11. Which trains from Yonkers to Grand Central Terminal do not stop at 125th Street? Again, which trains do no stop at 125th Street going from Yonkers to Grand Central Terminal?12. Look at your watch. What time is it right now? What time will the next train from Grand Central Terminal arrive at 125th Street? Again, using the time now, when will the next train from Grand Central Terminal arrive at 125th Street?Part FourExercise 11. Was her flight from New York on time?2. Did you get the rental car information?3. Which bus do I take to go downtown?4. Is Alice meeting us at the train station?5. Why was the man yelling at the stranger?6. Are you going to call the travel agent today?7. How long do we have to wait for the next bus?8. Where are you going after the meeting?9. What did you do with your extra ticket?10. Were you going to go to the airport alone?Exercise 21. What time did the plane arrive?2. How often do you take the bus?3. Did someone meet them at the airport?4. Why didn’t she tell us she would be late?5. Who will pay for the extra ticket?6. Were you at the bus station yesterday?7. How far is it from here to New Jersey?8. Which bus do you think we should take?9. Whose purse was left on the bus?10. Are you meeting your brother at the bus station?Part FiveExercise 11. How much is the fare to Kansas ST.?2. When is the next Yonkers train?3. Does this bus go to City Hall?4. How long does it take to get to Park Lane?5. Which line do I need to take to get to the Macarthur Station?6. Can you tell me how far the trip from Boston to San Diego is?7. What’s the fastest way to get to Grand Central Terminal from here?8. Do you know where the train for Atlanta stops?Exercise 2:1. The 12:20 train to Seattle will leave in two minutes.2. The next train to Yonkers will leave from Grand Central Terminal in ten minutes.3. A round-trip ticket from JFK Boulevard to Kansas St. is $2.90.4. We’re sorry, but the 12:10 train Riverdale will be six minutes late.5. The bus from Los Angles to Burbank leaves every fifteen minutes at that time of the day.6. The next Fremont train will leave from platfor number 4 in half an hour.Exercise 31. Question: Where does this person want to go?A: Pardon me, how much does it cost to go to the Jefferson Auditorium?B: That’s $1.80 one way, but you can’t go directly there after 6:00 PM. You’ll have to tak e a Lenox train at that hour and then transfer to a Hastings train at the Portsmouth station. 2．Question: What time will the next bus for Chicago leave?A: Excuse me, when does the next bus to downtown Chicago leave?B: Let’s see. One just left at 8:00. Th e schedule says that that bus leaves every fifteen minutes, so…A: Uh-oh;it’s already 8:10. I’d better hurry.B: Ooh, I hope you make it.2. Question: What is the total round-trip fare for the children?A: May I help you?B: Yeah, we’d like to ge t tickets from Portland to Long beach.A: When are you planning on going?B: We were thinking of going the week of June 15th.A: Gook. That’s far enough in advance to take advantage of our supersaver fares. If you purchase your tickets thirty days in advance, it will only cost $240 round trip.B: $240. That sounds good.A: How many people are in your party?B: There’s my wife and me, plus our two kids.A: Ooh, we have a special discount available for our young travelers. Let’s see, kids under twelve fly for half price and those under three can go for free.B: Well, Evelynne is six and Renee is one.A: Very good. Let me check the computer to see which flights are open the week of the 15th.Exercise 41. It’s really easy to get to school from my house by bus.2. Greenwich is very close to London.3. I take a 20-minute bus ride from home to work every day.4. I leave my house each day at 8 am.5. WE’re going to Hawaii for our next vacation.6. According to this, the train to Vancouver will arrive in ten mnutes.7. Do I need a Bakerloo or a Victoria train to get to Picadilly Circus?8. How much is a ticket to Baltimore an then back again?9. You need to take a #5 bus to the Berman Station. Then, catch a #12.10. This bus is too crowded between 7am and 9am.。

TAPE SCRIPTLISTENING ATTACK STRATEGIES1. Using What You Already KnowEXERCISE 3Directions: Now, listen to a conversation between a worker and her boss. As you listen, look at your chart from Exercise 2 and circle the reasons and responses thatare similar.Gloria: Good afternoon Mr. Carson. Thank you very much for takingthe time to speak with me.Mr. Carson: I always make time for my best workers, Gloria. Please have aseat. What can I do for you today?Gloria: Well, as you know, I have been working here for about fifteenyears now. I really like this company, my job is interesting,and the working conditions are generally pretty good.Mr. Carson: I'm glad you feel that way. Whatever we can do to make ourworkers happy is important to us.Gloria: Well, now that you mentioned it, there is one thing that"would make my life a little easier.Mr. Carson: Yes?Gloria: I haven't had a raise in more than four years. And withinflation, it's really getting tough to make ends meet.Mr. Carson: Four years you say? Hmm.Gloria: Yes. And in that time, I have had at least three pei'formancereviews that have all been excellent. You say I'm doing a greatjob here, and I think my good work should be rewarded.练习三个方向：现在，听工人和老板之间的对话。

研究生英语听说教程（引进版）听力原文Take on Listening:Listening and Speaking StrategiesLesson 2Denise: Excuse me, miss, how much does it cost to ride BART?Stranger: Well, that depends on your destination. From here to Glen Park it’s only a dollar ten, but if you go as far as Fremont, it costs a lot more.Tom: We’re going to Berkeley. Do you know what the fare is?Stranger: There are two stations in Berkeley. Which one are you interested in?Denise: Oh, gee, I’m not sure. We’re from out of town. We’re visiting my sister. She told me her house is just a stone’s throw from the UC Berkeley campus. Which station is that?Stranger: The downtown Berkeley station is really close to the university. I’m sure that’s the one you want.Denise: Tom, are you going to remember this, or should I be jotting this down?Tom: What is there to write down, Denise? The woman is giving us very simple directions. So, how much is the fare to downtown Berkeley?Stranger: Let’s go take a look at the map over there. You see, the map shows you how much it costs to go from one station to another. Ah, there it is: two dollars and sixty-five cents.Tom: Two sixty-five? That’s highway robbery for such a short distance!Denise: You think that’s expensive? Tom from our house to Amherst it costs twice as much as that. Tom: Yeah, but that’s an hour ride. You really get your money’s worth.Stranger: Yeah…Uh…Well, did your sister explain which train to take?Tom: Berkeley. WE take the Berkeley train to Berkeley, right?Stranger: Well, no actually. That’s just one stop on the Richmond line. Here, let me show you on this map. Here we are a t Powell Street in San Francisco, and it’s basically a straight shot on the Richnond line to the downtown Berkeley station.Denise: Yes, my sister said we wouldn’t have to change t rains.Stranger: Uh-oh, what time is it?Denise: It’s 8:15.Stranger: You can’t go directly to Berkeley from San Francisco after 8:04.Tom: Uh-oh. Is there another train we can catch?Stranger: Don’t worry. You can take the Pittsburg line. Look here, take the Pittsburg line to the 12th Street Station in Oakland, and then transfer to the Richmond train. The Richmond train will stop in Berkeley. Get off at the downtown station. From there you can walk to your sister’s house. Denise: We want to be there by 9 o’clock. If we have to transfer, we might be late. Do you think we’ll make it in time?Stranger: It doesn’t take that long. Let’s see; there’s a train from here at 8:18. It arrives at the 12th Street Oakland station at 8:34. You can get a Richmond train rig ht away at 8:34, and you’ll arrive in Berkeley at 8:46.Tom: Let’s see if I’ve go t this right: We take the 8:18 Pittsburg train and arrive in Oakland at 8:34. Then we take the 8:34 Richmond train to Berkeley. That should be a snap.Stranger: Yeah, you’ll have no trouble.Tom: Thank you very much for your help, Miss. You’re a very kind young lady.Denise: And so pretty and smart, too! Tell me dear, I notice you’re not wearing a ring. Stranger: Well, no, uh…Denise; You know, my sister’s son is very handsome. I think you two would like each other…Stranger: Uh, well; oh! I think I hear your train coming! You’d better hurry so you don’t miss it!Part ThreeExercise 3AThe BART system is a modern metro that links thirty-nine stations throughout Northern California’s San Francisco Bay Area. The trains are operated by computers and the BART station platforms have electronic signs that light up with information about trains that will be arriving. Exercise 3C1. How long does it take to get from JFK Boulevard to Town Plaza? That’s JFK Boulevard to Town Plaza.2. What is the fare from Oxford Avenue to College Avenue? That’s Oxford Avenue to College Avenue.3. How much does it cost an dhow long does it take to go from Fifth Street/Florida to Grove Street? Again, that’s both the fare and time from Fifth Street/Florida to Grove Street.4. How much is a round-trip ticket from 75th Street to Kentucky Street? That’s a round-trip ticket from 75th Street to Kentucky.5. How much time does it take to travel from Kansas Street to 20th Street? Again, how much time does it take to travel from Kansas Street to 20th Street?6. You are at the Alabama Street station. It’s twelve noon and you just got on the tra in. What time will you arrive at the Madrid Avenue station? Again, it’s twelve noon and you’re going from Alabama Street to Madrid Avenue. What time will you arrive at the Madrid Avenue station?7. What time does the 4:07 PM train from Yonkers arrive at Grand Central Terminal? Again, what time does the 4:07 PM train from Yonkers arrive at Grand Central Terminal?8. What time does the 6:20 AM train from Grand Central Terminal arrive in Yonkers? That’s the 6:20 AM train from Grand Central Terminal arrive in Yonkers.9. 9. How many trains are there from Grand Central Terminal to Yonkers from 4:20PM until 7:53 Pm? Again, how many trains are there from Grand Central Terminal to Yonkers from 4:20PM until 7:53 PM?10. How long is the trip from Yonkers to Grand Central Terminal? Again, that’s the time from Yonkers to Grand Central Terminal.11. Which trains from Yonkers to Grand Central Terminal do not stop at 125th Street? Again, which trains do no stop at 125th Street going from Yonkers to Grand Central Terminal?12. Look at your watch. What time is it right now? What time will the next train from Grand Central Terminal arrive at 125th Street? Again, using the time now, when will the next train from Grand Central Terminal arrive at 125th Street?Part FourExercise 11. Was her flight from New York on time?2. Did you get the rental car information?3. Which bus do I take to go downtown?4. Is Alice meeting us at the train station?5. Why was the man yelling at the stranger?6. Are you going to call the travel agent today?7. How long do we have to wait for the next bus?8. Where are you going after the meeting?9. What did you do with your extra ticket?10. Were you going to go to the airport alone?Exercise 21. What time did the plane arrive?2. How often do you take the bus?3. Did someone meet them at the airport?4. Why didn’t she tell us she would be late?5. Who will pay for the extra ticket?6. Were you at the bus station yesterday?7. How far is it from here to New Jersey?8. Which bus do you think we should take?9. Whose purse was left on the bus?10. Are you meeting your brother at the bus station?Part FiveExercise 11. How much is the fare to Kansas ST.?2. When is the next Yonkers train?3. Does this bus go to City Hall?4. How long does it take to get to Park Lane?5. Which line do I need to take to get to the Macarthur Station?6. Can you tell me how far the trip from Boston to San Diego is?7. What’s the fastest way to get to Grand Central Terminal from here?8. Do you know where the train for Atlanta stops?Exercise 2:1. The 12:20 train to Seattle will leave in two minutes.2. The next train to Yonkers will leave from Grand Central Terminal in ten minutes.3. A round-trip ticket from JFK Boulevard to Kansas St. is $2.90.4. We’re sorry, but the 12:10 train Riverdale will be six minutes late.5. The bus from Los Angles to Burbank leaves every fifteen minutes at that time of the day.6. The next Fremont train will leave from platfor number 4 in half an hour.Exercise 31. Question: Where does this person want to go?A: Pardon me, how much does it cost to go to the Jefferson Auditorium?B: That’s $1.80 one way, but you can’t go directly there after 6:00 PM. You’ll h ave to take a Lenox train at that hour and then transfer to a Hastings train at the Portsmouth station. 2．Question: What time will the next bus for Chicago leave?A: Excuse me, when does the next bus to downtown Chicago leave?B: Let’s see. One just left a t 8:00. The schedule says that that bus leaves every fifteen minutes, so…A: Uh-oh;it’s already 8:10. I’d better hurry.B: Ooh, I hope you make it.2. Question: What is the total round-trip fare for the children?A: May I help you?B: Yeah, we’d like to get tickets from Portland to Long beach.A: When are you planning on going?B: We were thinking of going the week of June 15th.A: Gook. That’s far enough in advance to take advantage of our supersaver fares. If you purchase your tickets thirty days in advance, it will only cost $240 round trip.B: $240. That sounds good.A: How many people are in your party?B: There’s my wife and me, plus our two kids.A: Ooh, we have a special discount available for our young travelers. Let’s see, kids under twelve fly for half price and those under three can go for free.B: Well, Evelynne is six and Renee is one.A: Very good. Let me check the computer to see which flights are open the week of the 15th.Exercise 41. It’s really easy to get to school from my house by bus.2. Greenwich is very close to London.3. I take a 20-minute bus ride from home to work every day.4. I leave my house each day at 8 am.5. WE’re going to Hawaii for our next vacation.6. According to this, the train to Vancouver will arrive in ten mnutes.7. Do I need a Bakerloo or a Victoria train to get to Picadilly Circus?8. How much is a ticket to Baltimore an then back again?9. You need to take a #5 bus to the Berman Station. Then, catch a #12.10. This bus is too crowded between 7am and 9am.。

新世纪研究生公共英语教材听说（下）第二版听力全文主编：李玉璞上海外语教育出版社Table of ContentsLESSON ONE Resources and Energy (1)PART A (1)PART B (2)Passage I: (2)Passage II: (3)Part D (4)Lesson Two Crime and Punishment (4)Part A (4)Part B (5)Passage I (5)Passage II (6)Passage III. (7)Part D (8)Lesson Three Computers and the Internet (8)Part A (8)Part B (10)Passage I (10)Passage II (10)Passage III (11)Part D (12)LESSON FOUR Finance (12)PART A (12)Part B (14)Passage I (14)Passage II. Functions of Money (15)Passage III Credit Cards (15)Part D (16)LESSON FIVE Places to See in Britain (16)Part A (16)Part B (17)Passage I: (17)Passage Ⅱ: (18)Part D (19)LESSON SIX Education (19)Part A (19)Part B (21)Passage I SAT Examination (21)PART II Medical Education (21)LESSON SEVEN Business (22)Part A (22)Part B (24)Passage I How to Increase Business Profits (24)Passage Two (25)LESSON EIGHT Aspects of Life (26)Part A (26)Part B (28)PASSAGE I Tax (28)PASSAGE II Religion (29)LESSON NINE College Life (30)PART A (30)PART B (32)PASSAGE I College Search (32)PASSAGE II How to Get a Master's degree (33)LESSON TEN Women (34)PART A (34)PART B (36)PASSAGE I Women in Southern Europe (36)PASSAGE II American Women (37)LESSON ELEVEN Famous People (38)PART A (38)PART B (40)PASSAGE I William Jefferson Clinton (40)PASSAGE II William Shakespeare (41)LESSON TWELVE Culture (43)PART A (43)Part B (44) (44)Passage I Beijing’s HutongsPassage II The White Wedding Dress (46)LESSON THIRTEEN Science and Technology (47)PART B (47)PASSAGE I Cloning Mount Vernon's Trees (47)PASSAGE II Dinosaur Noses (48)LESSON FOURTEEN Sports (49)PART B (49)Passage I The Famous Bicycle Racer (49)PASSAGE II The Williams Sisters (50)LESSON FIFTEEN Reform and Development (51)PART B (51)Passage I (51)Passage II (52)KEYS TO EXERCISESUnit 1 (53)Part A (53)Part B (53)Part D (53)Unit 2 (53)Part A (54)Part B (54)Unit 3 (54)Part A (54)Part B (54)Unit 5 (56)Part A (56)Part B (56)Part C (57)Part D (57)Unit 6 (58)Part A (58)Part B (58)Unit 7 (59)Part A (59)Part B (60)Part D (61)Unit 8 (61)Part A (61)Part B (62)Part D (62)Unit 10 (63)Part A (63)Part B (63)Unit 11 (64)Part A (64)Part B (64)Unit 12 (66)Part A (66)Part B (66)Part D (66)Unit 14 (67)Part A (67)Part B (67)Part D (68)LESSON ONE Resources and EnergyPART A1.W: Could you mail these letters for me, please?M: More letters? Your friends are going to be very happy to hear from you.Q: What does the man imply about the woman?2.W: Does Professor Ford always come to class?M: Is ice cold?Q: What do you learn about Professor Ford?3.W: Would you have some time this week to go over these questions with me?M: How does tomorrow sound?Q: What does the man mean?4.M: Hey? John! John!W: Save your breath. He's out of earshot.Q: What is true about John, according to the woman?5. W: You only have water to serve your guests?M: This isn't just water. This is imported mineral water.Q: What is the implication of the woman?6. M: Could I borrow a twenty to tide me over till payday next Tuesday?W: You are in luck. I just cashed the check.Q: What will the woman probably do next?7. M: Jean, didn't you get my messages? I left two on your answering machine.W: Hmm? Oh, sorry, Tom. I've been meaning to get back in touch with you. It just slipped my mind.Q: Why didn’t the woman return the man’s calls?8. W: I'm sorry, sir, but you're allowed only one piece of luggage on the plane. You'll have to check in one of your suitcases at the package counter.M: Actually, one of these belongs to the woman up ahead. I'm just giving her a hand. Q: Why is the man carrying an extra suitcase?9. W: We need to drive to the city tonight, but the doctor said this medicine might make me drowsy.M: In that case, I'd better drive.Q: What does the man think the woman should do?10. M: Look at all the pollution going into the air from those factories. Do you think they'll ever get under control?W: With the new laws and social awareness, we'll turn things around.Q: What does the woman predict will happen?11. W: Aren't you cold? Why aren't you wearing a jacket?M: I overslept this morning, so I ran out of the house without listening to the forecast.Q: Why isn’t the man wearing a jacket?12. M: prof. Jones, last night when I was putting the finishing touches on my paperthat electrical storm completely wiped out my computer files. Do you think I couldhave another day to retype it?W: I'm sorry, Steven. I’m leaving for a conference tomorrow, and I'll be away for 2 weeks. I suppose you could send it to me there.Q: What will the professor probably allow the student to do?13. W: Do you know if Mary has come by the office this morning?M: I just got here myself, so I'm not the one to ask.Q: What does the woman want to know?14. M: I really enjoyed that TV special about "wealth" last night. Did you get tohome in time to see it?W: Well, yes. But I wish I could have stayed awake long enough to see the wholething.Q: What does the woman mean?15. W: Take two of these pills three times a day and you shouldn't take them on anempty stomach.M: What if I don't have an appetite?Q: What can be inferred about the man?PART BPassage I:The population of the world has been increasing faster and faster. In 10,000B.C., there were probably 10 million people. In A.D. 1, there were 300 million. Ittook 1750 years for the population to reach 625 million, a little more than double theA.D. 1 figure. In 1990, there were 5.3 billion people. By the year 2000, the world's population was over 6 billion, and by 2050, it is expected to reach 10 billion. Doesthe earth have enough natural resources to support this many people? Different scientists give different answers to this question. Some say that there are enough resources to support more than 6 billion people. However, the richest countries, witha small percentage of the world's population, use most of the resources. If these resources could be distributed more equally around the world, there would be enough for everyone. Other scientists say that we must limit population growth because our resources are limited. Only 10 percent of the earth's land can be used for farming and another 20 percent for raising animals. It is possible to increase the amount of farmland, but only a little. Some land in developing countries could bemore productive if people started using modern farming methods, but this would not increase worldwide production by much, We all know that there is a limited amountof petroleum. There are also limits to the amounts of metals. There is a limit to the amount of water we can use since most of the earth's water is salt water, and most ofthe fresh water is frozen at the North and South Poles. It is difficult to say how manypeople the earth can support, but it will help everyone if we can limit populationgrowth before serious shortages develop. The problem is how to do it.1. Between 1990 and 2000, what changes did the world population have?2. According to some scientists, which of the following is true?3. Why can't most of the earth's water be used?4. In developing countries, what does the use of medern farming methods result in?5. According to the author, what can you infer from the passage?II 1.There were probably 10 million people.2.It is expected to be 10 billion.3.If the resources could be distributed more equally around the world, there wouldbe enoueh for everyone.4.Only 10 percent.5. It is how to limit population growth.Passage II:Fresh water, life itself, has never come easy in the Middle East. Ever since theOld Testament when God punished man with 40 days and 40 nights of rain, watersupplies here have been dwindling. The rainfall only comes in winter and drainsquickly through the semiarid land, leaving the soil to bake and to thirst for nextNovember. The region's accelerating population growth, expanding agriculture, industrialization, and higher living standards demand more fresh water. Drought andpollution limit its availability. War and mismanagement s quander it. Nations likeIsrael and Jordan are swiftly sliding into that zone where they are using all the waterresources available to them. They have only 15 to 20 years left before theiragriculture, and ultimately their food security, is threatened. Even amid the scarcitythere are haves and have-nots. Compared with the United States, which has afreshwater potential of 10,000 cubic meters a year for each citizen. Iraq has 5,500.Turkey has 4,000, and Syria has little more than 2,800. Egypt's potential is only1,100. Israel has 460, and Jordan has less than 260. But these are not firm figures,because upstream use of river water can dramatically alter the potential downstream.Scarcity is only one element of the Middle East’s water crisis. Inefficiency is another, as is the reluctance of some water-poor nations to change priorities from agricultureto less water-intensive enterprises. Some experts suggest that if these nations wouldshare both water technology and resources, they could satisfy the region's population,currently 159 million. But in this patchwork of ethnic and religious rivalries, thewater crisis is not a clear-cut issue. It is entangled in the politics that keep peoplefrom trusting and seeking help from one another. Here, where water, like truth, isprecious, each nation tends to find its own water and supply its own truth.1. When does the rainfall come in the Middle East?2. What is the cause of the water crisis?3. How many years are left for Israel and Jordan before their agriculture isthreatened?4. What is the current population in the Middle East according to the passage?5. According to some experts' suggestion, what should the nations do in order to avoid a water crisis ?II 1) 10,000 2) 5,500 4) More than 2,8003) 4,000 5) Egypt 6) 460 7) Less than 260 Part D1) award, 3) profit, 5) dedication, 7) moment, 9) physical, 11) conflict, 13)worth, 15) heart, 17) compassion, 19) lust,2) glory, 4) trust, 6) significance, 8) anguish, 10) spirit, 12) alone, 14) room, 16) honor, 18) curse, 20) valueLesson Two Crime and PunishmentPart A1.M: Hello?W: Hello. This is Dr. Grey's office. We are calling to remind you of your 4:15 appointment for your annual checkup tomorrow.M: Oh, thanks. It's a good thing you called. I thought it was 4:15 today.Q: Why is the office calling the man?2. W: How wonderful! You won the scholarship. Can you believe it?M: No. It's almost too good to be true.Q: What does the man mean?3. W: Excuse me, Professor Davidson. But I was hoping to talk to you about my class project for economics.M: I have a class in a few minutes. Why don't you come and see me during office hours tomorrow?Q: When will the woman discuss her project with Professor Davidson?4. M: How are you feeling? W: The stuff the nurse gave me seemed to have helped. But it's making me awfully drowsy.Q: What do you learn about the woman?5. M: Bill Smith has volunteered to write a summary of the proposals we've agreed on. W: Will I have a chance to review it?Q: What does the woman want to know?6.M: The view is spectacular. Could you take a picture of me with the mountains in the background?W: I'm afraid I just ran out of film.Q: What problem does the woman have?7. W: Excuse me, we're ready to order now.M: I'll be with you in just a minute.Q: What does the man mean?8. W: I think I forgot my umbrella. Did you notice if it is raining outside?M: Yeah, it is. And I just realized I left my car window open.Q: What will the man probably do next?9. W: How does your daughter like her new school?M: Fine. She seems to have made new friends in no time.Q: What can be inferred about the man's daughter?10. W: There's an article here in this magazine you might find interesting. It's about buying running shoes.M: If it's not chemistry and it's not on the final exam, I can't read it now.Q: What is the man probably doing?11. M: You're washing your car even on vacation. It makes me feel guilty.W: You shouldn’t, it’s just that I have nothing better to do at this moment.Q: What do you think of the woman?12. M: My doctor told me I need to go for some expensive treatments for my injured knee.W: Are you sure? Maybe you need a second opinion.Q: What does the woman suggest the man do?13. W: Hello. Could you fit me in for an appointment today? I need a stylist who is good at cutting curly hair.M: Julia is good at that. She is the owner. How about noon?Q: What will the woman probably do?14. W: There's nothing I like more than a good mystery novel when I've got some spare time.M: I like to read, too. But I prefer non-fiction, history, social commentary and stufflike that.Q: What does the man imply?15. M: I'm not an expert, but that noise in your refrigerator doesn't sound good. Maybe you should call and have it checked out.W: You're right. And I suppose I've put it off long enough.Q: What will the woman probably do?Part BPassage IPurse snatching is an increasingly common crime. There are estimated 50 to 100 purse snatchings each month in the New York City subways, the number often swinging widely because of the depredations of a single teenager. When such a professional is in custody, the snatches can decrease by more than 50 a month. One of the favored techniques is to stand between two subway cars and, as a train starts pulling out of the station, reach out and pull free a woman's purse.Recently, a crime analysis officer for the New York Police Department foundthat purse stealing in Manhattan's top restaurants was up 35 percent over the previous year. When a woman puts her purse on an empty chair at a table or at her feet besideher chair, she is inviting a purse snatcher to take it. Purse snatchers often work in pairs. When a target in a restaurant is seen, one of them will create some kind of disturbanceto gain the victim's attention. While the woman is looking away from her table, theactual snatcher will lift the purse. A popular technique is for the thief to carry an umbrella with the curved handle down. The umbrella handle suddenly hooks the bagand in an instant it is on the thief's wrist, or under the coat over his arm if he is a man,and on its way out of the restaurant. Police advise that women in restaurants keeptheir purse either on their laps or on the floor between their legs.Other purse snatchers who operate in theaters are called "seat tippers", victimizing women who put their purses down on a neighboring empty seat. Others specialize in snatching purses from ladies' rooms. When a woman is in a toilet stall,her purse should never be placed on the floor or hung on the coat hook on the door.Thieves simply dive under the door and grab the purse on the floor, or stand on thetoilet in the next stall and reach over and take the purse off the hook. The snatcher has enough time to escape since the victim can't immediately pursue the thief.I. 1. When does the number of purse snatchings decrease most dramatically?2. Where does a purse snatcher like to commit crimes in subway stations?3. When women are in restaurants, where are they advised to put their purses?4. What does a thief often use to snatch purses in restaurants?5. According to this passage, where does purse snatching not usually occur?II. crime analysis officer; take it; purses; in pairs; top restaurants; an empty chair; tosome kind of disturbance; coat hook; snatching never be placed; in the next stall;enough time to escapePassage IIOn the afternoon of July4,1995, Mrs.Beatrice Weinberger brought her one-monthold baby back from an outing. She left the pram outside her house and hurried insideto get the baby a clean nappy. When she returned a few moments later, the pram wasempty and a scrawled note was lying where her baby had been. The note said: "Attention. I badly need money, and can't get it any other way. Don't tell the policeabout this, otherwise I will kill the baby." "Just put $2,000 in small bills in a brownenvelope, and place it next to the road lamp at the corner of Albamarle Rd. at exactly10 o'clock tomorrow (Thursday) morning." "If everything goes smooth, I will bringthe baby back and leave him on the same corner 'safe and happy' at exactly 12 noon.No excuse, I can not wait! Your baby-sitter." Despite the kidnapper's warning, Mrs. Weinbarger contacted the police. A small parcel containing broken pieces of newspaper was placed on the comer the following morning. But the kidnapper did notashow up. He failed to keep two other” appointments" with the Weinbergers, and left second note signed "Your baby-sitter'. By then, the police felt that the baby was nolonger alive. The FBI was called in, and the handwriting experts set to work to try totrack down the kidnapper. In both notes an unusual z-shaped stroke was placed at thefront of the y in words such as "money" and "baby". Starting with the New York StatePolice Office, the experts spent the next six weeks carefully going over local recordsat police offices, factories, hotels, clubs and schools and examining handwriting samples and comparing them with the writing on the kidnapper's notes. Then, in the middle of August, the experts' hard efforts paid off. The handwriting of John Rush Blake matched that of the kidnapper's, especially in the peculiar formation of the y's. Not long after, John Blake was arrested for making illegal alcohol. On being shownthe handwriting samples, he confessed to kidnapping the baby. He told the police that he had left the baby alive and well in a nearby park on the day after the kidnapping. But when officers hurried to the place, all they found was the baby's dead body. The criminal was later put into New York's Sing Sing Prison. Even if John Blake had triedto disguise his handwriting he would still have been caught. No matter how hard someone may try to disguise his handwriting characteristics, the "individuality" of the writer shows through, the very angle at which he or she holds a pen, the way a t is crossed and an i is dotted, the height and size of capital and small letters, the amount of space between words, the use (or misuse) of punctuation marks. All these can identify a person as surely as fingerprints.I. 1. What happened to Mrs. Weinberger on the afternoon of July 4th, 1995?2. According to the message l eft by the kidnapper, on what condition could Mrs. Weinberger have her baby back?3. What did Mrs. Weinberger do after reading the note?4. How did the FBI catch the criminal?5. Which of the following words can best describe people's handwriting characteristics?II. 1. ( T ) When Mrs. Weinberger came back from an outing something terrible happened to her.2. ( T ) Someone kidnapped her baby because he lacked money.3. ( F ) The kidnapper did not confess to die kidnapping of the baby in the face of the handwriting sample.4. ( T ) It was the handwriting expert that broke the case.5. ( F ) At last, the police found the baby and he was safe and happy.Passage III.Timothy McVaigh placed a powerful bomb near a federal government building in Oklahoma City in 1995. The explosion killed 168 people, including 19 children. Arguments are increasing in the United States both for and against the death penalty. The increasing death penalty debate is caused by the planned execution of convicted murderer McVeigh. He is to be the first person executed by the federal government since 1963. 38 states permit the death sentence. Last year 85 people were executed in the United States. Recent public opinion studies show that more than 75 percent of Americans supper McVeigh's execution. These include many Americans who usually oppose the death sentence. Kent Scheidegger is with the Criminal Justice Legal Foundation in Califomia. It is a victim's rights organization that supports the death penalty. Mr. Scheidegger says McVeigh is a perfect example of why there is a needfor a federal death penalty. He says anything less than the death of McVeigh wouldshow a complete lack of justice. Groups opposed to the death penalty say the approval of the execution of McVeigh does not show an increase in general public support for the death penalty. Opinion studies show that support for the death penalty has decreased. S tudies show 77 percent of Americans supported it five years ago, now only about 63 percent do, Opponents of the death penalty have always argued that it was unfair. They say poor people who can not pay for good legal help receive the death penalty more often than others. And they say courts order the death penalty more often when the accused is a member of a racial minority group.Part D1)generous 2)company 3)hospitality 4)reception 5)reputation6)anniversary7)suspicion 8)mutual 9)vastest10)communication 11)commerce 12)contact 13)1975 14)openness 15)potential 16)secure 17)lure 18)astonish 19)reach 20)confidentLesson Three Computers and the InternetPart A1.M: This report is due tomorrow. Would you be able to work on it with me tonight? W: Unfortunately, I have another commitment.Q: What is the woman saying?2. W: I wonder where the books I ordered are. I expected to receive the package several days ago.M: Maybe you'd better check it out with the company. They could be temporarily outof stock.Q: What does the man suggest the woman do?3. M: I just have to type this last page and then I'm through.W: By then, I'll be done, too.Q: What can be learned about the woman?4. W: Did you read the editorial in the paper about the mayor's speech?M: I sure did. But I think they twisted the meaning of what he said.Q: What does the man say about the editorial?5. W: Why don't we go to see a movie tonight? A good comedy might cheer you up. M: I would. But the reason that I've been so down is all this work I have to do.Q: What can be inferred about the man?6. W: So, are you going to see the students' play tonight?M: I doubt it. I'm still getting over the flu.Q: What is true about the man?7. M: Gordon needs to find another place to live. The apartment he rents now has been sold to a new owner.W: He'd better start looking right away. When all the students come back in a few weeks, he won't find any near the campus.Q: What does the woman suggest Gordon do?8. W: Mind if I borrow your Spanish workbook?M: Not as long as I have it back in time to take to class this evening.Q: What does the man mean?9. W: You don't believe in diets, do you?M: There is nothing wrong with them per se but they have to be combined with exercise to do any good.Q: What is the man's attitude towards diets ?10. W: I don't know which color folder to use, white or brown.M: What difference does it make? It's the content that's important.Q: What is the implication of the man?11. W: You know, I've heard that Professor Martin's Introduction to Chemistry class is too demanding for first year students. They say it's the most difficult course for graduate students.M: Yeah, but a lot of students will tell you otherwise. Go talk to anyone who has gone to an advanced course, like Organic Chemistry, or who studied chemistry in graduate school. They're really glad they started out with Professor Martin.Q: What does the man imply about Professor Martin?12. W: Hey, Mark. Have you been able to sell your old piano, yet?M: Hmm, you were right. Just posting notices on bulletin boards at a couple of supermarkets w asn't enough. I think I'll have to place an advertisement in the local newspaper.Q: Which of the following is true according to the conversation?13. W: I'm amazed that you still haven't gotten to know your neighbors.M: They tend to keep to themselves.Q: Why hasn't the man gotten to know his neighbors?14. W: Hi! Um, I think something is wrong with the washing machine. It works, and I just did my laundry, but it makes some strange noises. Maybe you should call someone to fix it.M: Oh, don't worry. Someone from the repair shop is already on the way over to take a look at it.Q: What is the implication of the man?15. W: It's so thoughtful of you to offer to drop me off at the train station. Are you sure it's not out of your way?M: Not at all. The station is really close to where I'm going.Q: What can be learned about the man?Part BPassage IThe Application of Computers in Education The best method for improving educational standards is to utilize every tool available, including state-of-the-art technology. Computers and the internet have expanded the way in which information can be delivered to the students of today. Today's networking technologies provide a valuable opportunity to practise new learning techniques. Educators are discovering that computers are facilitating learning. Computer-based communications, or telecommunications, can offer many educational opportunities; therefore, educators will need to adapt current teaching methods to incorporate this new media into the classroom. Computers have made a fundamental impact on most industries, providing a competitive advantage that has come to be essential to many businesses. Therefore, schools must also use technology to improve the educational process. School systems often consider purchasing a computer network, and justify its purchase by applying it to routine administrative tasks, such as attendance records and grading. While these tasks are very important, they only show a small part of what technology can do for a school. Technology must go further than simply keeping attendance; it must focus on keeping students interested and productive. Since computers and the Internet have expanded the ways in which education can be delivered to students, it is currently possible to engage i n "distance education" through the Internet. Distance education involves audio and video links between teachers and students in remote areas. Video conferencing allows groups to communicate with each other. Desktop video conferencing promises to bring students together from geographic and cultural distances face to face via computer. Not only will the teacher talk to the students, but the students will be able to interact with each other. This will make students more interested in learning.I. 1. According to the passage, what are educators discovering?2. What do schools usually purchase computer networks for?3. According to the author, what should computers be mainly used for?4. Which of the following is NOT a feature of video conferencing?5. Which of the following is true according to the passage?II. fundamental impact; be essential; improve the educational process; justify its purchase; attendance records; what technology can doPassage IIE-Commerce The Internet, as a means for commerce, did not become reality until the 1990s. Before this time, it was mainly a tool for the army, and a research device for some American universities. Its popularity grew when it proved to be a fast and efficient means to conduct long distance transactions, as well as an effective way。

研究生学术英语视听说教程听力原文《研究生学术英语视听说教程听力原文》Unit 1 Lecture 1Good morning everyone, and welcome to our first lecture on academic listening and note-taking. In this course, we will focus on developing your listening skills in an academic context, as well as improving your note-taking abilities.Today, we will start by discussing the importance of effective listening in an academic setting. As graduate students, you will be expected to attend lectures, participate in discussions, and conduct research in English. Therefore, it is crucial to be able to understand and process complex academic language.To improve your listening skills, it is important to actively engage with the speaker. This means maintaining eye contact, staying focused, and avoiding distractions such as texting or browsing the internet. It is also helpful to use strategies such as predicting the main points, identifying key vocabulary, and noting down any questions or uncertainties you may have.In addition, effective note-taking is essential for retaining and recalling the information presented during lectures. We will be discussing various note-taking methods throughout the course, but for now, I encourage you to practice writing down the main ideas and supporting details as you listen to the lecture.Finally, I would like to emphasize the importance of self-reflection and feedback in improving your listening skills. After each lecture, take some time to review your notes and identify any areas for improvement. Additionally, seek feedback from your peers and instructors to further enhance your listening abilities.I hope you find this lecture helpful, and I look forward to exploring various listening and note-taking strategies with you in the upcoming sessions. Thank you for your attention, and I wish you all the best in your academic pursuits.。

Have you wished you were better at making a conversation? A great conversationalist is someone who connects with people and makes them feel important. When they talk to you, they make you feel like you're the only person in the room.Becoming a good conversationalist requires knowing three things: first, how to start a conversation; second, how to keep it going; and third, how to end it.Starting a conversation usually means coming up with an opening line or ice breaker. The best kind of ice breaker is one that's positive. A compliment is always a good ice breaker and will usually be appreciated. Any news event is a good ice breaker. The fact is, any opening line will do, as long as it's not negative, and as long as it's not a lie. The best way to entice a person to have a conversation with you is by being sincere and respectful, and letting them know that you are interested in talking to them.Once you've got a conversation going, the best way to keep it going is by asking the other person questions that don't require just a yes or no answer. Ask questions similar to those a reporter might ask to draw a person out; who, what, when, where, why and how questions. You keep asking questions based on the last thing a person says. This is called the "elaboration technique". Once you hit on something you find interesting, keep asking questions in order to get the person to elaborate about the topic as much as possible. A good conversationalist elaborates on the experiences they've had. Instead of saying the party was fun, tell why it was fun. Describe why you had a good time—who was there, what happened, where it was, and how people arranged the party. Go into detail. Description is the best form of communication because it keeps people's interest up and stimulates them.If you started a conversation with another person, and you're having difficulty ending it, there are several signals you can send to the other person that will bring the conversation to its close without hurting anyone's feelings.Breaking eye contact is a discreet signal that the conversation is about to end. Another way to signal is to use transition words like well, or at any rate. You may want to recap all that was said. Whatever you do, don't lie to the other person. If you're not interested in talking to them again, don't mention the possibility of a future meeting just to be polite. That's hypocritical. Instead, you may want to say, "Nice meeting you." And then, leave.Finally, be sure to give the other person a good, firm handshake. The final impression you make can be just as important as the initial one you made.First StoryMy husband and I met in high school. During our senior year, we studies biology together. We talked and laughed a lot during class. One Friday, we Joked that we should go on a date that night. At first, I didn't know if he was serious. He didn't know if I was joking. That night I put on a new dress and waited. He had a more difficult time. He had to knock on the door without knowing if I would be ready or not. But he knocked, and I was ready! That was our first date. This year, we celebrated our fortieth wedding anniversary'Second StoryMy husband and I met one day at an airport. It was Christmas day. I was picking up my friend Bernd. He was coming from Germany to spend the holidays with my family. While we were waiting for his luggage, I heard a man speaking in Italian. I decided to say something to him because I speak Italian.I said, "Buon Natale" which means, "Merry Christmas!" When I spoke in Italian, he said, "Mama mia! Why do you speak Italian? Who are you?" He asked me for my phone number. He called me the next day, and we dated for a year. Then we got married. So be careful who you talk to in the airport!Third StoryMy wife and I met through our parents. Our parents arranged our marriage. Before we got married, my wife and I wanted to meet. Our parents arranged our first meeting in a restaurant. That night, we talked about ourselves and what we wanted in our lives. We talked for hours. We shared our hopes and dreams. After a while, we decided that our parents were right! And we got married.Fourth StoryMy wife and 1 met through a matchmaker. I'm an engineer, and in my field, most people are men. I couldn't meet any women at work. So one day I saw an advertisement for a matchmaking service, and I decided to call. The matchmaker introduced me to many nice women. I enjoyed meeting them, but I didn't meet anyone I wanted to marry. Finally, she introduced me to my wife. I decided not to date any other women because I liked her very much. We enjoyed the same things, and we laughed a lot together. We also had the same goals and values in life. My wife and I were married six years ago, and now we have two children. I'm glad I picked up the phone and called that matchmaker!Among married couples in the U.S., one finds a wide range of living patterns. Some older couples still have traditional marriages, with the man as breadwinner and the woman as homemaker. But most younger women today are not content to be full-time homemakers. The women's liberation movement, which swept the country in the 1960s, changed attitudes and behavior forever. Today's young American woman wants marriage, but she also wants her own identity. She wants what men have always had—a marriage that is important but still allows time to pursue individual goals. The maJority of American wives, even those with children, work outside the home- As a result, the older idea that housework, cooking, and child care are "women's work" is being discarded. In the contemporary American marriage, the husband and wife share both financial and domestic responsibilities.Sharing money-making and housekeeping responsibilities provides a better life for the family. Of course, problems can develop in the two-income family if the husband expects his working wife to be the perfect homemaker that his stay-at-home mother was- Also, there may be arguments if the wife expects her husband to help with household chores, but he is unwilling to do so. In most families, the working wife probably still handles the largest share of the housework, cooking, and child care. but she gets some help from her husband.The contemporary American marriage is also characterized by a relationship of equality and shared decision making. Most American women today will not tolerate a husband who considers himself the boss. The American girl is given freedom and education equal to a boy's. After completing her education, she is able to get a job and support herself. She does not need to marry for financial security. She is self-sufficient and will not accept a submissive role in marriage. When husband and wife are able to share decision making and respect each other's viewpoints, their marriage is probably closer than those of past generations. When they battle for dominance, they're likely to end up in divorce court.“Ring out the old, ring in the new,” wrote Alfred, Lord Tennyson, the nineteenth-century English poet. And that's exactly what Americans do every December 31. New Year's Eve is a time for noise and fun- At home or in restaurants, most Americans drink and dine with friends- At midnight on New Year's Eve, bells ring, horns blow, and friends toast each other with champagne. It's also customary to exchange kisses. New Year's Eve festivities often continue until two or three o'clock in the morning. Many people travel from one party to another to celebrate with several different groups of friends The country's most crowded New Year's Eve celebration takes place in New York City's Times Square. Since 1907, the famous ball-lowering ceremony has been a holiday highlight. To celebrate the arrival of the year 2000, an estimated 2 million people crowded into Times Square, and hundreds of million viewed the scene on TV The huge, 1,070-pound lighted crystal ball began its descent from a 77-foot flagpole at 11:59 p.m. and reached the bottom at exactly midnight. Simultaneously, confetti, balloons, and fireworks brightened the night sky. It was the biggest public event ever held in the city.What do Americans do on New Year's Day? Many sleep late because they stayed up all night long. Many watch TV which offers spectacular parades and football games between champion college teams. From ancient times to the present. New Year's customs have been connected with saying good-bye to the past and looking forward to a better future. Therefore, New Year's Day often inspires people to start new programs and give up bad habits. Some people make New Year's resolutions. People talk about "turning over a new leaf", referring to a clean, blank page or a fresh start. Typical New Year's resolutions are to spend less money, give up smoking, begin a diet, or be nicer to others. It's safe to assume that about half of them are forgotten by January 31'It was a cool autumn evening. Mrs. Brown was sitting in her living room, reading. Suddenly, there was a loud knock on her door, then two or three more knocks. Mrs. Brown put the safety chain on her door. Then she opened the door a little and looked out. There stood three children wearing masks and costumes. When they saw her, they all shouted, "Trick or treat! Money or eats!"Mrs, Brown dropped a candy bar into each child's bag."Thanks for the candy," shouted the children as they ran off to ring another doorbell-"You're welcome," said Mrs. Brown. "Have fun, and don't play any pranks."Every year on October 31. Halloween scenes like this occur throughout the USA. American children love to dress up in costumes and go trick-or-treating. If an adult refuses to supply a treat—candy, cookies, fruit, or money— the children may play a trick. Typical Halloween pranks are soaping windows, writing on doors with crayons, overturning garbage cans, sticking pins into doorbells to keep them ringing, throwing raw eggs, and spraying shaving cream on cars and friends.Halloween is celebrated by nearly all American children, and over 70% of adults also participate in some Halloween activity. College students and other young adults may attend masquerade parties or Halloween parades. Many families carve pumpkins and decorate the outside of their homes with the traditional Halloween symbols. Businesses get into the act, too. Store windows display jack-o'-lanterns, scarecrows, and witches. Servers in restaurants and salespeople in supermarkets and bookstores are often in costume. Many nightclubs and bars encourage customers to come in costume by offering prizes for the best disguisesUINT 4 PART 31. W: Some people say that many TV programs are silly, meaningless, or a waste of time. What do youthink of them, Jim?M: It seems to me that some important social issues—like drugs, divorce and so on—are dealt with fairly realistically and a lot of honest talks can be heard in these programs.Q: What does the man think of the TV programs?2. W: How was the lecture yesterday?M: Well... It was a complete drag.W: How come? Many students seem to be interested inJohnson's lecture.M: But the one yesterday was the pits. It bored me to tears.Q: How does the man think about the lecture yesterday?3. W: Frank, what do you think about your college life?M: Generally speaking, my college years are exciting and rewarding, but they are certainly not easy or carefree. Just about all college students face the pressure of making important career decisions and some anxiety about examinations and grades.Q: What does the man think about his college life?4. W: Wow! This is a marvelous room! Whose idea was it to decorate the room like this?M: It was Jane's.W: I never knew she was good at this. She must be very art-conscious.Q: What does the woman think about Jane now?5. W: I've been reading a lot lately about the issue of women's rights, and I find that is a very hot topicnow.M: It depends on which magazine or paper you read. If it's a women's magazine, just about every article has that as a topic in one way or another.Q: What is the man's response to the woman's saying?6. M: Ann, it's good to see you back. Do you remember when we were kids, we used to go swimmingtogether?W: Yeah. I sure do. I really love this town and I have a lot of good memories from here.M: I want to tell you that we take a lot of pride in the gold medal you won and we are behind you one hundred percent.Q: What does the man think of the woman?7. W: How are you doing since you retired four months ago?M; I thought it would be wonderful to be retired. I have looked forward to this day for thirty years, but now I'm considering volunteering.Q: What does the man feel about his retired days?8. W: Well, it seems that Frank has become quite a famous painter.M: Has he? You know I'm a professional artist myself and I question how much talent Frank has. Q: What conclusion can be drawn from the man's comments?UINT 14 SECTION A1、Miyoko: Hi, Wendy!Wendy: Hello.Miyoko: What's wrong? Are you sick?Wendy: Yeah. I have a really bad headache.Miyoko: Oh. I'm sorry- You want some aspirin?Wendy: No thanks. I'm just gonna go to bed and rest.2、Lisa: Hey girl. What's up?Leslie: Not much. What about you?Lisa: Nuthin' special. Hey, are you okay?Leslie: Yeah. I guess I'm Just really sore from going to the climbing gym yesterday.Lisa: Me, too' 1 guess we overdid it. My back is sore, and 1 have a stiff neck.Leslie: Next time, we'd better stretch after we exercise!Lisa: Yes! Good idea.3、Professor Chavez: Hi, Tony. How are you?Tony: Not so good, Professor Chavez. I think I'm coming down with a bad cold.Professor Chavez: Really? What's wrong?Tony: Well, I have a stuffy nose and a cough.Professor Chavez: Do you have a fever? You look a little warm.Tony: Maybe. I feel kinda hot.Professor Chavez: Tony, you should go home and go to bed- You might have the flu that's been going around.Tony: OK. That sounds like a good idea.Professor Chavez: Remember to drink lots of juice and get lots of rest. I hope you feel better soon!4、Stephanie: Hello?Mom: Stephanie, it's Mom.Stephanie: Hi, Mom.Mom: I just called to. see how you were feeling.Stephanie: Thanks, Mom. Actually, I still have a fever.Mom: Did you take some medicine?Stephanie: Yeah. It's helping.Mom: What about your stomach? Is it still bothering you?Stephanie: Yeah-1 still feel sick to my stomach.Mom; Oh honey, I'm sorry. Is there anything I can do?Stephanie: No thanks, Mom. I feel better just talking to you.5、Brian: Erica, I found that report we were looking for.Erica: Great! Let's take a look at it. Brian: Achoooo!Erica: Oh, Brian, are you still not feeling well?Brian: Yeah. This morning I felt better, but now my head hurts.Erica: Are you getting enough sleep?Brian: 1 slept a lot last night, but I still feel tired.Erica: Listen,Brian. I can handle things here today. Why don't you go home and rest? We can finish this project tomorrow. There's no hurry.Brian: Thanks, Erica. I might just do that.6、Doug; Jenny, wait up!Jenny: Doug! I'm glad to see you. 1 wanted to tell you how much fun I had last weekend.Doug: Yeah. We enjoyed it too. We always enjoy hiking in the mountains. Unfortunately, Mary and I are both scratching like crazy.Jenny; Oh no. Poison oak?Doug: I'm afraid so. We both have a rash on our legs.Jenny: Oh, Doug. That's too bad. Doug: Yeah. We feel really itchy.Jenny: Oh no. we had such a nice day together'Doug: Yeah. We had a good time, too. Next time we'll be more careful1、Doctor: Hello, MicheUe. I'm Dr. Benson.MicheUe: Hi.Doctor: How are you feeling today?Michelle: Not so good.Doctor: Well, what seems to be the problem?Michelle; I have a bad cold.Doctor: I can hear that. How long have you had it?Michelle: About three weeks- Every time I think it's going away, I get sick again.Doctor: OK, Michelle. I'm going to examine you now.2、Doctor: Michelle, we didn't find an infection. That's good. That means that you only have abad cold. That means that you don't need to take any medicine. But I know that youdon't feel very well. I want to ask you some questions, all right?MicheUe: OK.Doctor: Has school been very difficult lately?Michelle: Well . . . not really. I've been drinking a lot of coffee to stay up late to study.Doctor: What about exercise? Have you been able to get any exercise during midterm exam?Michelle: No. I've been studying so much I haven't had time.Doctor: Well, Michelte. It sounds to me as though you've been studying so much that you haven't given your body a chance to get better. When you're sick, you need to payattention to your body. I'm going to give some advice. If you follow my advice, you'llstart to feel better soon. OK?Michelle; OK.Doctor: Well, first, you must sleep more. You need to get at least seven or eight hours of sleep every night. You cannot study well if you don't get enough sleep –Michelle: I know.Doctor: Next, you have to eat better. Your body cannot work well if you don't give it good food.Try to eat more vegetables and fruits. And limit your coffee to two cups a day. Michelle: OK.Doctor: Finally, you should exercise more. Try to exercise at least three times per week. It doesn't have to be running or aerobics. Walking is an excellent exercise and is easy todo. Michelle: All right.Doctor: Any questions?Michelle: So you think I should sleep more, eat better, and exercise more. If I do those things, I'll feel better?Doctor: And you won't get sick as often, Michelle.Michelle: Thanks a lot. Doctor.Doctor: You're very welcome, Michelle. Take care.Most people know that exercise is important. But many people don't exercise. In this announcement you will hear the five most common reasons why people don't exercise. You will also hear some easy solutions.The first problem? No time. "I don't have any time to exercise. I'm too busy." But you don't need a lot of time to exercise. Short periods of exercise are just as good as long periods of exercise. The solution? You should take two or three short walks every day. For example, ten minutes in the morning, ten minutes at lunch, and ten minutes after dinner.Next, money. "I don't have money to go to a gym. 1 don't have money to buy expensive shoes." No problem. You don't have to spend money to exercise. All you need is a street and comfortable clothes. Our solution? Walk. Don't drive. For instance, walk to the store, to the library, to the bank. Walking is free and easy.The third most common reason is bad weather. "It's raining. It's too hot. It's snowing." Here's a solution. Exercise inside. For example, turn on some music. Dance. Or clean the house. You can go to the shopping mall and walk fast.Fourth, people say they're tired. "I'm too tired to exercise. I'll exercise when I have more energy." But exercise gives you energy. Most people feel too tired because they don't exercise. The solution? Exercise every day. Take a walk. Go for a bike ride. Run around the block. You'll feel great! And you won't feel tired.Finally, some people feel embarrassed. "I feel silly exercising. I don't have a great body." Listen to this solution: Don't feel bad; you should feel great! You're taking care of your body. Little by little, you will feel better. Just do it!You have heard the five reasons why people don't exercise. More importantly, you have heard five solutions to overcome these problems. Now that you have heard this message, go out and exercise! Good luck.。

UNIT 1ONE：When many people in the west China, the animal that they think of is the . For them, the dragon is an monster that fire. Many popular tell of how dragons killed brave knights and ate beautiful maidens.For Chinese people, however, the dragon is not an evil monster. It’s a cultural and symbol for ______and good luck. The dragon’s main task is to create and bring rain. Dragons are celebrated in art and , and of course the dragon dance is a very popular . Millions of Chinese have the word ‘long’, meaning dragon, as part of their name.1. think of2. Dragon3. Aggressive4. Breathes5. Legends6. Spiritual7. Prosperity8. Harmony9. Architecture 10.ritualTWO:1. English people, in general, are and not very open. Compared with the English people, Americansare more .2. When the interviewee first went to England, she was considered and too too soon.3. It takes a to make friends with the English people. But once a friend is made, it is afriend .4. The Americans like to talk with an Englishman because they love his and his country, whileAmericans in England are considered inferior because of their and their language.5. When talking with each other, Americans stand while English people like a certain .1. cold…outgoing2. Overpowering …friendly3. Friendly for life4. accent loud behavior5. Closer distanceUNIT 31. Oxford is the university in the English-speaking world, a city that and education, a place where you can think , where you can grow , an institution that has been world changing leaders for over 800 years, and the finest men across the globe. At Oxford, you have all the resources of Oxford University at your fingertips, some of the libraries, academic departments, and research labs in the world.2. As a student at the Oxford University, you become a member of an Oxford College, which contains a wealth of and , the colleges have their own academic and individual . The College has its own , library, cultural groups and sports teams.3. Oxford has excellent and it is one hour from London and Heathrow Airport.1.Blend in. Make sure you are aware of British . Have a few and handy for yourhousemates and friends.2.Be _ . Sometimes or even slices of can give you a head start in making friends.3.Be . The more active you are, the more likely you’ll be to meet new people.4.Bring a . Keep your door when you are in and that sends positive messages to yourneighbors that you’re friendly.UNIT 41. The man in looks like the mayor of their city.2. The besides our school gate is donated by them.3. One girl wants to come back with her to this school when they are old.4. Only the of this university are invited to the reunion.5. The two girls are here to serve them .1. grey suit2. statue3. boyfriend4. graduates5. tea and snacks1. The National Retail Federation says nearly will be spent on SuperBowl-related purchases.2. Super Bowl game features new and a lavish half-time show with top names in entertainment.3. For some retailers, Super Bowl game is a huge .1. 9 billion dollars/$ 9 billion2. Commercials3. PaydayUNIT 51. Web hosting companies provide for people to and their Websites.2. I’d like to work in support, you know, helping customers resolve problems with theirsites.3. They provide insurance, two weeks of a year, and opportunities for advancement.4. Well, you know, more might help you land a better job.5. I’m just seeing my current job at McDonalds as a .1. space store run2. technical computer-related3. health paid vacation4. training5. Startup1. A little more than ago, Google was an internet startup headquartered in a garage.2. For the second straight year, it’s also No.1 on .3. What’s fueling this growth? Employees say it’s the , of course, and the .4. It just seems like a responsible thing to do to first show that our corporation can , but also we can do in a way that makes sense to our bottom line.5). I went to Larry and Sergey and proposed that we .1. a decade2. Fortune’s Best Companies to Work for list。

LISTENING ATTACK STRATEGIESTrack011. Using What You Already KnowEXERCISE 3Directions: Now, listen to a conversation between a worker and her boss. As you listen, look at your chart from Exercise 2 and circle the reasons and responses that are similar.Gloria: Good afternoon Mr. Carson. Thank you very much for takingthe time to speak with me.Mr. Carson:I always make time for my best workers, Gloria.Please have a seat. What can I do for you today? Gloria: Well, as you know, I have been working here for about fifteenyears now. I really like this company, my job is interesting, and the working conditions are generally pretty good.Mr. Carson: I'm glad you feel that way. Whatever we can do to make our workers happy is important to us.Gloria:Well, now that you mentioned it, there is one thing that would make my life a little easier.Mr. Carson:Yes?Gloria:I haven't had a raise in more than four years. And with inflation, it's really getting tough to make ends meet. Mr. Carson:Four years you say? Hmm.Gloria:Yes. And in that time, I have had at least three performancereviews that have all been excellent. You say I'm doing a greatjob here, and I think my good work should be rewarded.Track022. Scanning for Background InformationExample:I am outraged. I have been to three different departments and each time I've been told that I had to go elsewhere. I am not moving from this line until I get this registration problem solved.EXERCISE Directions: Listen to the following speakers, and then circle the words that you feel might be true about them.1. Oh, man, I knew he was going to spring one on us today. I had to worklast night and didn't have time to hit the books（准备功课）. Now, I've blown it.（blow it 搞砸了）2. I'm sorry. You finish? I can take away? More to drink? Thank you.3. Excuse me, I was wondering if I could get my money back.You see, I hadto drop this class last week because of a work conflict, so I won't beneeding it this semester. It was new when I got it, and I haven't put anymarks inside.4. Leslie: So then Alice said, What do you mean he has a baby? And Fred said,He's got two kids; he's been married for five years! Well, Martha almost had a heart attack because he had said he was single and that he wanted to marry her! Librarian: Shh!Leslie: Oh, sorry. So anyway, Martha was so upset when she found out that he was already married, she started punching him! Can you imagine--Librarian：Please! You must be more considerate of other people. Thereis no talking allowed in this room. People are trying to study. Ithink you should leave.5. Peter: I need to get a TB test before I can start working. Can I getthat done here?Receptionist: As long as you are currently enrolled and are carryingtwelve or more units.Peter: Well, that's no problem. I'm taking six classes this semester. Here's my student card.Receptionist: Good. I need you to fill out this form and that one. When you're done, give them back to me. Then have a seat over there, and the nurse will call your name.Peter: Thank you very much.Track033. Scanning for the Main IdeaE X E RC I S E Directions: Listen to the following conversation to find the main idea. What event are the two people talking about. In the blank spaces, write down the main idea and any words that will help you.Tom: Where were you last night? I thought we were all going to meetdown at Clancey's. It was awesome, and I won $50 in the pool.Eric: You're not going to believe it. Out of the blue, my boss called to say that he had to leave town for an emergency meeting and gave me his ticket.Tom: You mean you were actually there?Eric: That's right. And get this--front row center!Tom: So you saw it when Kobe hit the three-pointer in the last second ofthe third quarter. The people at the bar went insane. I can't imaginewhat it must have been like at the arena.Eric: Oh man. People were jumping out of their seats and screaming. It felt like New Year's Eve and the Fourth of July combined. It was the best game I've ever seen in my life.Torn: You're not kidding. When Shaq stole the ball from Rose, and passedit to Kobe for the slam dunk, I couldn't believe it. They are as strong as football players but as graceful as ballet dancers.Eric:Yeah, and it doesn't hurt that they're all seven feet tall. Man, if I hada couple of inches on me, I could have been an NBA star, too.Torn: A couple of inches? Dude, try a couple of feet!Track044. Scanning for the Important PointsEX E RC I S EDirections:Listen to the speaker. When you hear the bell, circle the important point.I'm standing in front of the Northeastern Women's Correctional Facility. This is a high-security prison that houses 1500 women convicted of kidnapping, robbery, and murder.I must say that it is an extremely uninviting place. When I was given this assignment, I was somewhat apprehensive, and I can honestly say that I am still quite frightened as I approach the main gate. My knees are a little wobbly, and my stomach is full of butterflies.Bell SoundI am now walking down Cell Block A. Each cell is approximately ten feet by eight and contains four small beds with thin blankets, no pillows or sheets, a metal sink, and an open toilet. Each tiny cell is the home for four women. The walls have numerous cracks and layers of paint chipping, and look as though they have not been painted in decades. There seems to be little fresh air or sunlight. The women all look sad and bored. Walking down the block, the strong smell of disinfectant is almost overpowering. This is definitely not the kind of place someone would want to be sent to.Bell SoundNow I am in the prison cafeteria. While I have been instructed not to speak with any of the prisoners, I am allowed to observe them while they are eating. The cafeteria has ten long tables with twenty women seated around each one on low uncomfortable-looking wooden benches. The menu for lunch today includes the following: a scoop of gray, lumpy mashed potatoes,a small piece of overcooked chicken, and a hunk of stale-looking bread. Fresh fruit andvegetables are nowhere to be seen. Needless to say, there is no salt, pepper, or other condiments available to the women, and they are not permitted to use knives or forks. Water is the only beverage available. It is safe to say that the focal being served is not healthy,and I wonder how these women are able to maintain their strength and health.Bell SoundTrack055. Inferencing (Making Intelligent Guesses) EXERCISEDirections: Listen to the following conversation. Then, read the statements and decide if each one is True or False. Finally, discuss with your teacher how you usedInferencing to decide.Don: Hello.Kathy: Hello. Is this Don?Don: Yes, it is.Kathy:Hi Don. This is Kathy fr(~m your biology class. We talked duringthe lab the other day. Remember?Don: Uh, urn. Yeah. Um. Oh, uh yeah.@Kathy: Anyway. Do you understand what Dr. Wharton meant when hewas talking about phylogenetic memory?Don: Oh, yeah. Actually, that's a really fascinating theory. According toscientists, animals are born with certain kinds of memory. Forexample, a deer naturally knows that it needs to avoid wolves,bears, and other ferocious animals even if it has never seen onebefore. Scientists believe that this memory has been imprinted intoour genes through thousands of years of experience. Kathy: Oh, I see. That really makes it clear.Don: Great. Well, I'm glad I could help.Kathy: Gee. My notes are really incomplete. I bet you got down everything the teacher said.Don: Well no. Actually, I just read the textbook and study from that.Kathy: That's impressive.Don: So . . . well . . . anyway. Uh, are there any other questions that you have?Kathy:One more actually. I was wondering what are you doing Saturdaynight.Don: Saturday? Uh. Oh yeah. Uh, I'm goana be out of town. Yeah.I'm going to a wedding. Yeah. A wedding down in Miami.Track066. Scanning for Specific Pieces of Information EXERCISEDirections: Listen to the recorded message, and fill in the chart with the specific pieces of information that you need. Don't worry about spelling.You have reached the City Health Desk Hotline. The following is a list ofservices available during the month of July.Prenatal screenings will be available at the Church Street Clinic, Mondays and Wednesdays from 10 AM to 11 AM. A five dollar fee is recommended but will be waived for those unable to pay. Child care is not available, so please make arrangements to leave small children at home. Anonymous AIDS testing will be conducted from noon to three on July 5th,10th, 21st, and 30th. Testing will take place at the Johnson Square Medical Center. AIDS testing is free of charge, but all participants are required to meet with a counselor before and after testing.Members of the weight reduction support group will continue to meet on the second and fourth Tuesday of the month at the Whitehall Community Center on Second Avenue. Please take note, the meeting time for this group has been changed from 7 PM to 7:30 PM. The cost remains two dollars per meeting. If you are interested in joining a newly formed weight reduction support group, please call 555-8695 between 9 AM and 3 PM. Free cholesterol screenings are available every Friday of the month from 7 AM to 9 AM at the Johnson Square Medical Center. Please remember not to eat or drink anything for twelve hours before the test.@During the month of July, we will be conducting a blood drive. The city bloodmobile will visit the following locations. During the first week of July, the blood mobile will be at the Hill Top Shopping Center from 9 AM to 2 PM. From July 12th until the 14th, the van will be parked on the south side of the Civic Center Plaza from 10 AM to 4 PM. From July 17th until the 22nd, you can donate blood in front of the Metropolitan Cineplex between the hours of 7 PM and 9 PM. The last week of the month the blood mobile will be stationed in front of the main branch library on State Street. The hours will be from 8 AM to 5 PM. Juice andcookies will be served to all participants. As you know blood donations drop during summer months, and we really appreciate your support.Free blood pressure screening is available daily at the Church Street clinic.Screenings take place from 9 AM to noon on Mondays, Wednesdays, and Saturdays. On Tuesdays and Fridays, screenings are from 1 PM tO 4 PM. Evening blood pressure screenings are available on Thursdays by appointment. For evening appointments, call 555-2391. The clinic is closed on Sundays.If you have missed anything on this recording, please press the pound key for the message to repeat. Thank you for calling the City Health Desk Hotline.Track077. Using Context CluesExample Directions: Listen to the following example. You will hear the word dehydrated. You probably don't know what this word means. Listen to the word and the context and try to guess the meaning of the word dehydrated.Narrator: Word: dehydratedNarrator: Context:Woman: The plant was dehydrated because Tom forgot to water it forthree weeks.Narrator: Word: dehydratedWhat does dehydrated mean? Circle the best answer.(Pause)You were able to figure out the answer from the context. The words Tom forgot to water it for three weeks tell you that 'the plant was dry and dying. Using context clues help you understand new words and phrases and is an important listening attack strategy to practice and use.Track08EXERCISE Directions:You will hear.five short selections. Each selection will contain a sentence with words and idioms you may not know. After you hear the sentence a second time, circle the answer with the same meaning.NARRATOR: 1. SENTENCE:Gloria: It's really getting tough to make ends meet.NARRATOR: CONTEXT:Gloria: I haven't had a raise in more than four years. And with inflation, it's really getting tough to make ends meet.NARRATOR: SENTENCE:Gloria: It's really getting tough to make ends meet.NARRATOR: 2. SENTENCE:Reporter: I was somewhat apprehensive.NARRATOR: CONTEXT:Reporter: This is a high-security prison that houses 1500 women convicted of kidnapping, robbery,and murder. I mustsay that it is an extremely uninviting place.When Iwas given this assignment,I was somewhatapprehensive,and I can honestly.say that I am stillquite frightened as I approach the main gate.NARRATOR: SENTENCE:Reporter: I was somewhat apprehensive.NARRATOR: 3. SENTENCE:Reporter: The strong smell of disinfectant is almost overpowering.NARRATOR: CONTEXT:Reporter: Walking down the block, the strong smell of disinfectant isalmost overpowering. This is definitely not the kind of place someone would want to be sent to.NARRATOR: SENTENCE:Reporter: The strong smell of disinfectant is almost overpowering.NARRATOR: 4. SENTENCE:Don: That's a really fascinating theory.NARRATOR: CONTEXT:Don: Oh, yeah. Actually, that's a really fascinating theory. Accordingto scientists, animals are born with certain kinds of memory,NARRATOR: SENTENCE:Don: That's a really fascinating theory.NARI~ATOR: 5. SENTENCE:Don: It needs to avoid ferocious animals.NARRATOR: CONTEXT:Don: For example, a deer naturally knows that it needs to avoidwolves, bears, and other ferocious animals even if it has neverseen one before.NARRATOR: SENTENCE:Don: It needs to avoid ferocious animals.Track098. Using Structure and Intonation CluesSection 1 StructureEXERCISE 1 Directions: Listen to the sentences. Choose the meaning of the modal.1. You really should think about buying a new coat this winter.2. If you want to get a better grade, you could sign up for tutoring.3. The teacher was very clear about attendance. You hadbetter not miss class on Friday.4. In order to achieve peace on earth, we must try tounderstand each other's differences.5. We ought to look at the newspaper ads before we decidewhere to shop.Track10EXERCISE 2Directions: Listen to the sentences. Then choose the sentence with the same meaning.1. You must scrutinize the class schedule to find yourcorrect lab hours.2. You ought to consult with a periodontist about that tooth.3. You could find the reference for that quote in Bartlett's FamiliarQuotations.4: You had better invest in a computer with at least 128 megs of RAM.5. Students should always analyze questions carefullybefore they begin to write their essays.Track118. Using Structure and Intonation CluesSection 2 IntonationExample Directions: Listen to the same sentences spoken:1. Male: I gave a gift to my brother, John..Narrator: I am talking to John.2. Male: I gave a gift to my brother John.Narrator: My brother's name is John.As you can see, when you are listening, pauses in speech can change the meaning of a sentence. A pause can tell you that the speaker is talking to someone, not about someone.Track12EXERCISE 1 Directions: Listen to the following sentences. Put commas if you hear an important pause. Leave the sentence as it is if there is no important pause.1. I gave the math homework to my classmate Tina.2. I gave the math homework to my classmate, Tina.3. Debbie, my next door neighbor is driving me crazy.4. Debbie, my next door neighbor, is driving me crazy.5. kinda, my biology lab partner, is really smart.6. kinda, my biology lab partner is really smart.7. Will you please answer Bob?8. Will you please answer, Bob?9. Are you going to visit, Lisa?10. Are you going to visit Lisa?Track139. Revising Assumptions (Checking What You Understood) EXERCISE Directions: Listen to the following conversation. Each time you hear the bell, circle the sentence that you think is correct. Discuss each answer with your instructor.Alvin: Oh no, I don't believe it!Babs: What is it?Alvin: Look at this. There's a parking ticket on my car.Bell SoundBabs: Let me see that. Hmm... It says that you parked in a yellow"loading zone during business hours.Alvin: But I got here after seven. I know it was after seven because theclass started at 6:30 and the teacher was angry when I walked in at7:15. And look at that sign over there. It says No Parking Between9 AM and 6 PM.Bell SoundBabs: Well, then I think that the police officer made a big mistake Youshouldn't have to pay this ticket.Alvin: And that's the second ticket I've gotten this month! If I get morethan one ticket, my insurance company will raise my insurance.This is terrible!Bell SoundBabs: Now, wait. What was the other ticket for?Alvin: I forgot to put another quarter in the parking meter. Babs: Oh, don't worry then. That kind of ticket is not very serious. Yourinsurance only goes up if you get a ticket for speeding and thingslike that. Parking tickets don't count.Bell SoundAlvin: I'm glad to hear that! I can't afford to pay any more money. Theticket will be expensive enough.Bell SoundBabs: If the police officer made a mistake you should challenge theticket.Alvin: Challenge? What do you mean?Babs: You can go to traffic court and explain to the judge that the police officer made a mistake. The judge can throw out the ticket. Youshouldn't have to pay for someone else's mistake.Alvin: You're right. I'll stop by the courthouse tomorrow during lunch.Bell SoundTrack14Vocabulary ReviewDirections: Listen to the sentences. Choose the correct vocabulary word.1. My neighbor's dog is always biting people.2. Even though Frank didn't say anything, I could tell by theexpression on his face that he was very sad.3. I looked through the book to find the answer to number 3.4. After studying for seven hours, I had to stop.5. I was nervous about giving my speech to the class.6. The teacher wouldn't give us the answer, but she did giveus some help.7. My new strategy for studying is really helping me.8. I assumed that the older man was Rod's father.9. I was revising my paper in the library last night.10. Alice had trouble making ends meet last month. CHAPTER TWO 第二章Track152TAPESCRIPTMAIN DIALOGUEEXERCISE 1 Scanning for the Main Idea/Background Information Directions: Listen to the dialogue and try to get a general idea of what is happening. Remember, you don't need to understand everything. Just try to think about the following questions:1. What is the main idea of this dialogue?2. Where do you think the dialogue is taking place?3. What is the relationship between the speakers?4. How old do you think the speakers are?5.How do you think each speaker sounds (warm, cold,concerned, angry,and so on?)Track16Emily: Okay, here's the place.Vicky: he Multiple Organic Diner? Emily, do you really want to eat in this hole in the wall?Larry: Now, Vicky, Emily is trying to help us get back into shape. Besides, this place doesn't look so bad. It'sa little dark maybe, but I'm sure it's clean.Emily: That's the spirit. Let's take that table over there. Vicky: I suppose there's no smoking allowed in here.Emily:Of course not, big sister. This is a health food restaurant. Besides, I thought you said you were goingto kick the habit.Vicky:Well, Emily, I've tried. But, every time I stop smoking, I gain tenpounds. I don't think I'll ever be able to give up smoking.Emily: But you'll feel so much better when you do! I've been eating well and exercising every day. I run two milesevery other day and play tennis every Sunday. I feelwonderful and everybody tells me I a look great.Larry: Yeah, Vicky, I think Emily is right. By the way, where's the waiter? I'd like to order a drink beforewe eat.Emily: Larry, it's only three o'clock in the afternoon.Besides, health food restaurants don't serve alcohol. Vicky: Wait a minute, Larry. I thought we agreed that you'd stop drinking if I quit smoking.Emily: I think you should both quit. Doesn't this restaurant make youwant to start living a healthy life? Why, just look at this menu.Everything they serve here is natural and nutritious. Larry:Never mind nutritious. What are the burgers like? I'm starving!Emily: Oh, Larry. You must know that hamburgers have a lot of fat andare high in calories.Vicky: And the doctor told you that you have to lower your cholesteroland lose at least 25 pounds. Smoking isn't the only way to have aheart attack early in life, you know. I'm your wife and I'm tooyoung to dress all in black!Larry: Don't worry, dear, I'm not going to die any time soon.Besides, I'm going to start my new diet on Monday.Emily: That's great, Larry, but I think the only real way to lose weight is to eat less and exercise more.Vicky:I agree with Emily. All you have to do is stop eatingdesserts andfried foods and no more alcohol.Larry: You know, maybe you're right. Emily can help me plan a diet.Emily:And don't forget the exercise.Why don't you two come runningwith me. I'd love to have the company and we could play tennistogether, too.Vicky: No, running hurts my knees. I think swimming would be the best exercise for me.Larry: Well, I don't like swimming or running. But, I would like to getback into playing handball. I was a really good player when I was younger.Emily: Well, the important thing is that you two make some seriouschanges in your lifestyle. I'm really glad you're doing this. Now,let's celebrate your decision by ordering a nice tall glass of carrot-onion juice.Vicky and Larry: Carrot-onion juice?!?Emily: Of course! It's chock full of vim and vitality! It's rich in vitamins and minerals. There's vitamin C, B,and of course A for the eyes.Larry: Wait a minute. Our diet doesn't start until Monday, If we're going to do any celebrating, I say we shouldgo over to the Burger Palace and have a realcelebration.Emily: But--Vice: I'm with you, Larry. Come on, I'm starving. See you later, Emily.Track 17 EXERCISE 4 Vocabulary in ContextDirections:Listen to the sentences from the dialogue and circle the answer that has the same meaning.NARRATOR: 1. SENTENCE:Vicky: Emily, do you really want to eat in this hole in the wall?NARRATOR: CONTEXT:Vicky: Emily, do you really want to eat in this hole in the wall?Larry: This place doesn't look so bad. It's a little dark maybe, but I'msure it's clean.NARRATOR: SENTENCE:Vicky: Emily, do you really want to eat in this hole in the wall?NARRATOR: 2. SENTENCE:Emily: I thought you said you were going to kick the habit. NARRATOR: CONTEXT:Emily:I thought you said you were going to kick the habit. Vicky: Well, I've tried. But, every time I stop smoking, I gain tenpounds. I don't think I'll ever be able to give up smoking.NARRATOR: SENTENCE:Emily: I thought you said you were going to kick the habit.NARRATOR: 3. SENTENCE:Emily: Everything they serve here is natural and nutritious. NARRATOR: CONTEXT:En~ily: Doesn't this restaurant make you want to start living a healthylife? Why, just look at this menu. Everything they serve here is natural and nutritious. NARRATOR: SENTENCE:Emily: Everything they serve here is natural and nutritious.NARRATOR: 4. SENTENCE:Emily: You must know that hamburgers have a lot of fat and are highin calories.@NARRATOR: CONTEXT:Emily: You must know that hamburgers have a lot of fat and are highin calories.Vicky: And the doctor told you that you have to lower your cholesterol and lose at least 25 pounds.NARRATOR: SENTENCE:Emily: You must know that hamburgers have a lot of fat and are highin calories.NARRATOR: 5. SENTENCE:Vicky: I'm too young to dress all in black.NARRATOR: CONTEXT:Vicky: I'm too young to dress all in bl~'ck.Larry: Don't worry, dear, I'm not going to die any time soon.NARRATOR: SENTENCE:Vicky: I'm too young to dress all in black.NARRATOR: 6. SENTENCE:Emily: It's chock full of vim and vitality! ,NARRATOR: CONTEXT:Emily: Now, let's celebrate your decision by ordering a nice tall glass of carrot-onion juice.Vicky and Larry: Carrot-onion juice? !?Emily: Of course! It's chock full of vim and vitality! It's rich invitamins and minerals. There's vitamin C, B, and of course A for the eyes.NARRATOR: SENTENCE:Emily: It's chock full of vim and vitality!Track18 EXPANSIONSection 1 Diet and ExerciseEXERCISE 1 C Directions: Look at the Suggested Body Weights table again while you listen to the following questions. Take notes on a separate piece of paper. Then, write the correct answers in the spaces.1. What is the shortest height and lowest weight for men on this chart?2. What is the heaviest weight for women on this chart?3. How much should a 5'4" woman weigh?4. How much should a 5'11" man weigh?5. Who should weigh more: a small-boned 5'5" man, or a small-boned5'7" woman?6. Who should weigh more: a small-boned 5'11" man, or a large-boned5'11" woman?Track 19 Section 1 Diet and ExerciseEXERCISE 1 D Directions: Listen to the following descriptions and fill in the correct information you hear for each person. Then, decide whether each person is at the correct weight. 1.I'm small-boned like all of the women in my family. Well,to tell the truth, the men in my family are no giants either.I'm only 5'1" and I weigh 126 pounds.2. I'm 5'9". My weight goes between 175 and 180. I try to eathealthy foods and get exercise, but ! have to travel a lot for my job, and when I'm out of town, it's very difficult to stay on my diet. I have a normal build.3. I'm 5'7" and I weigh 109 pounds. I guess you can say thatI have anaverage build; well, as average as I'm ever going to gettI have looked like this ever since I was a kid. And my motherused to make me wear short skirts with bright-colored tights. I looked just like Pippi Long stocking.4. I am 5'7" and I am very proud to say that I weigh 130 pounds.I guess you could say that I've got a small build. Believeit or not, I used to weigh 169 poundst Five years ago I went on a diet and lost more than 30 pounds. It was hard work, but I'm very pleased with the results.5. I'm 6'4" and you'd be surprised how many times every daypeople ask me about my height. I like towering over the rest of the world, but sometimes it's difficult finding suits and other clothing that fits. And there's no way I could ever fit into a sports cart I'm average build and I weigh about 170 pounds.6. I'm 5'2" and I weigh 140 pounds. I'm big-boned, but my bonesare not as heavy as I like to think they are. I used to be skinny as a child, but age and laziness have made some changes. And having five children sure didn't help. Track 20 Section 2 Counting CaloriesEXERCISE 2B Directions: Listen to the following questions and take notes. Then, look at theCalorie Contents of Selected Foods table to answer the following questions.1. Find Vegetables. Which vegetable has the highest number of calories?Which vegetable has the lowest number of calories?2. Now, find Beverages. How many calories are there in two cups of tea?3. Look at Vegetables. How many calories are there in twelve spears ofasparagus?4. Look at Desserts and Snacks. Which has more calories: a slice of applepie or a slice of chocolate cake?5. Look at Meats and Poultry. How many calories are there in two hot dogs?6. Look at Grains. Which has fewer calories: two cups of oatmeal or twoslices of pizza?7. Look at Beverages. Which is more fattening, a cup of coffee or a cup oforange juice?8. Look at Fruit. Which has more calories: an apple or a banana?9. Look at Miscellaneous Items. Which has fewer calories: a tablespoon of honey or a tablespoon of jam?10. Look at Grains. Which has fewer calories: a tuna sandwich on whitebread or a tuna sandwich on a roll?Track 21Section 2 Counting CaloriesE X E RC I S E 2 C Directions: You will hear five customers ordering food in a restaurant. Write down each customer's order in the spaces.。