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第2讲题型破解——推理判断题推理判断题属于高层次阅读理解题,一般在理解原文字面意义的基础上，通过对语篇逻辑关系的分析和细节的暗示，做出一定的判断和推理,从而得出文章的深层意义及隐含意义。
在进行推断时,要据文推理、合情推理,不可脱离原文主观臆断。
考点1 细节推断题辨明题类细节推断题要求考生根据语篇内容，就某具体细节进行推断，如时间、地点、人物关系、人物身份、事件等。
一般可根据短文提供的信息，或者借助生活常识进行推理判断。
一般题干中经常会出现六个动词：infer(推断)，indicate(象征，暗示)，imply(暗示)，suggest(暗示)，conclude(得出结论，推断出)和assume(假定，设想)。
该类型的命题方式常常以下列形式呈现：(1)It can be inferred/concluded from the text that ．(2)What can we infer/learn from．．．?(3)We can learn from the passage that ．(4)The passage/story．．．indicates/suggests/implies that ．技法点拨第一步：定位关键细节——根据题干提供的信息，抓住某一段话的关键信息，即推理的依据；第二步：正确理解推断——对原文中的信息细读理解其字面意义，然后结合语境，在字面意义的基础上进行符合逻辑的分析、推理、判断，利用逆向思维和正向推理，从而推断出这句话所隐含的深层含义。
【特别提醒】(1)如果某个选项是文章中的一个细节内容，则不能作为推理的结论。
(2)切勿把脱离原文的个人看法、主观臆断作为答案。
真题体验(2022·全国乙卷B)In 1916, two girls of wealthy families, best friends from Auburn, N．Y．—Dorothy Woodruff and Rosamond Underwood—traveled to a settlement in the Rocky Mountains to teach in a one-room schoolhouse．The girls had gone to Smith College．They wore expensive clothes．So for them to move to Elkhead, Colo．to instruct the children whose shoes were held together with string was a surprise．Their stay in Elkhead is the subject of Nothing Daunted: The Unexpected Education of Two Society Girls in the West by Dorothy Wickenden, who is a magazine editor and Dorothy Woodruff'sgranddaughter．Why did they go then? Well, they wanted to do something useful．Soon, however, they realized what they had undertaken．They moved in with a local family, the Harrisons, and, like them, had little privacy, rare baths, and a blanket of snow on their quilt when they woke up in the morning．Some mornings, Rosamond and Dorothy would arrive at the schoolhouse to find the children weeping from the cold．In spring, the snow was replaced by mud over ice．In Wickenden's book, she expanded on the history of the West and also on feminism, which of course influenced the girls' decision to go to Elkhead．A hair-raising section concerns the building of the railroads, which entailed (牵涉) drilling through the Rockies, often in blinding snowstorms．The book ends with Rosamond and Dorothy's return to Auburn．Wickenden is a very good storyteller．The sweep of the land and the stoicism (坚忍) of the people move her to some beautiful writing．Here is a picture of Dorothy Woodruff, on her horse, looking down from a hill top: “When the sun slipped behind the mountains, it shed a rosy glow all around them．Then a full moon rose．The snow was marked only by small animals: foxes, coyotes, mice, and varying hares, which turned white in the winter．”25．What can we learn about the girls from Paragraph 3？A．They enjoyed much respect．B．They had a room with a bathtub．C．They lived with the local kids．D．They suffered severe hardships．【解题示范】第一步：确定题干中的关键信息：learn about，Paragraph 3；第二步：在确定推理依据的位置或范围第三段之后，再进行推理判断：根据“They moved in with a local family, the Harrisons, and, like them, had little privacy, rare baths, and a blanket of snow on their quilt when they woke up in the morning．(她们和一个当地家庭，哈里森一家一起搬进去，并且和他们一样，几乎没有隐私，很少洗澡，早上醒来时被子上覆盖着一层雪。
第4讲题型破解——主旨大意题主旨大意题考查考生对文章内容的深层次理解,它要求考生在充分理解全文的前提下,对整篇文章的主旨大意有一个较为清晰的印象，既考查考生略读文章、领会大意的能力,也对考生的归纳、概括能力提出了较高的要求。
考点1 标题归纳题辨明题类标题归纳题要求考生在理解文章的基础上，结合文章的体裁和结构，从所给选项中选出适合文章的标题。
设问形式常有：(1)What is the best title for this passage?(2)What can be a suitable title for the passage/text?(3)Which of the following can be the best title for the passage?(4)The most suitable title of this passage is “”．最佳标题应具备以下三大特征：①概括精准而简洁。
②针对性强，标题外延与文章内容恰好相符。
③醒目，能引发读者阅读欲望。
技法点拨1．一般文章的标题可根据主题句来判断，但在某些文章中，如记叙文，没有明确的主题句，需要根据文中的事实细节，查找文章的“主线”，归纳出文章的主题。
2．所选文章标题须能概括全文的中心内容。
标题是文章的点睛之笔，是文章的灵魂和门面。
为吸引读者的注意，标题往往比较醒目。
真题体验(2023·新高考全国Ⅱ卷B)Turning soil, pulling weeds, and harvesting cabbage sound like tough work for middle and high school kids．And at first it is, says Abby Jaramillo, who with another teacher started Urban Sprouts, a school garden program at four low-income schools．The program aims to help students develop science skills, environmental awareness, and healthy lifestyles．Jaramillo's students live in neighborhoods where fresh food and green space are not easy to find and fast food restaurants outnumber grocery stores．“The kids literally come to school with bags of snacks and large bottles of soft drinks，” she says．“They come to us thinking vegetables are a wful, dirt is awful, insects are awful．” Though some are initially scared of the insects and turned off by the dirt, most are eager to try something new．Urban Sprouts' classes, at two middle schools and two high schools, include hands-on experiments such as soil testing, flower-and-seed dissection, tastings of fresh or dried produce, and work in the garden．Several times a year, students cook the vegetables they grow, and they occasionally make salads for their entire schools．Program evaluations show that kids eat more vegetables as a result of the classes．“We have students who say they went home and talked to their parents and now they're eating differently，” Jaramillo says．She adds that the program's benefits go beyond nutrition．Some students get so interested in gardening that they bring home seeds to start their own vegetable gardens．Besides, working in the garden seems to have a calming effect on Jaramillo's special education students, many of whom have emotional control issues．“They get outside，” she says, “and they feel successful．”27．What can be a suitable title for the text？A．Rescuing School GardensB．Experiencing Country LifeC．Growing Vegetable LoversD．Changing Local Landscape【解题示范】第一步：阅读文章，概括文章大意：文章主要讲述了Abby Jaramillo 等老师在低收入学校发起的培养学生科学能力、环保意识以及健康生活方式的Urban Sprouts花园项目，让学生通过体验乡村生活，对学生影响深远；第二步：分析各选项，进行斟酌判断，揣摩哪个选项能准确概括主旨：根据第一段“And at first it is, says Abby Jaramillo, who with another teacher started Urban Sprouts, a school garden program at four low-income schools．The program aims to help students develop science skills, environmental awareness, and healthy lifestyles．(起初是这样的，艾比·哈拉米洛说，她和另一位老师在四所低收入学校启动了Urban Sprouts学校花园项目。
第二部分专题一第2讲A(2023·湖南省邵阳市高三二模)Heading out of the Scottish Borders and west into Dumfries & Galloway, there are plenty of sights still to see on the journey．GREY MARE's TAILAs one of the UK's highest waterfalls, Grey Mare's Tail is well worth a stop．Park up at the car park, and just along a short path, you can stand and admire this tall, natural feature as the water pours down the hanging valley．On the other side from the first path is a second path, following the path, and you'll reach Loch Skeen, a beautiful glassy swimming pool of mountain water available for travellers．MOFFATAfter you walk head to nearby Moffat for a short stroll around the town, you can have something to eat in one of the cafes or restaurants．If you've got time to spare, Moffat is Europe's first Dark Sky Town, so as soon as the sun sets, you get a better view of the night sky thanks to the special street lighting．WANLOCKHEADTake a drive further west into Dumfries & Galloway and you'll soon reach the dizzy heights of not just the south of Scotland, but all of Scotland! Wanlockhead is Scotland's highest village, which won't come as a surprise once you're there．CRAWICK MULTIVERSEJust a short drive from the highest village is a good place to stretch your legs and see a different place on the area's local industry．Crawick Multiverse has used landscape art to transform a former open cast coal mine into a 55-acre artland, visitor attraction and public space．1．What's special about Grey Mare's Tail？A．Its water is the purest．B．You can swim in Loch Skeen．C．There is a famous valley there．D．It's the largest waterfall in the US．2．Which of the following is the highest altitude in Scotland？A．Dumfries & Galloway．B．Dark Sky Town．C．Wanlockhead．D．Crawick Multiverse．3．Which column of the website can you read this text？A．Culture．B．Advertisement．C．Education．D．Travel．【语篇解读】本文是一篇应用文。
第二部分专题一第4讲A(2023·河南省焦作市普通高中高三二模)An inability to stand on one leg for 10 seconds in later life is linked to nearly double the risk of death from any cause within the next decade, according to a new study．The simple balance test may be useful to be included in routine physical exams for people in middle and old age, the research, which was published in British Journal of Sports Medicine, suggested．While aging leads to a decline in physical fitness, muscle strength and flexibility, balance tends to be reasonably well-preserved until a person's 50s, when it starts to decline relatively rapidly, the research noted．Previous research has linked the inability to stand on one leg to a greater risk of falls and to cognitive decline．The study involved 1,702 people aged 51 to 75 living in Brazil, who were asked to balance unsupported on one leg during an initial check．Researchers told the participants to place the front of the free foot behind the standing leg, keep their arms by their sides and eyes．Fixed straight ahead．Up to three attempts on either foot were permitted．The study participants had an average age of 61 and two-thirds of them were men．Around 1 in 5 failed to balance on one leg for 10 seconds at the initial checkup．Researchers monitored the participants after the initial checkup for a period of seven years, during which 7% of the people died．The proportion(比例) of deaths among those who failed the test (17．5%) was significantly higher than deaths among those who were able to balance for 10 seconds(4．5%)．The research was observational and didn't reveal cause and effect．The study didn't look at any possible biological mechanisms that might explain the link between poor balance and longevity．The study noted that, overall, those who failed the test were in poorer health, with greater proportion of suffering from obesity, heart disease and high blood pressure．Diabetes was also more common among those who failed to complete the test．1．What did the participants take during the research？A．Vision examinations．B．Medical examinations．C．Flexibility tests．D．Balance tests．2．How did the researchers get the findings？A．By calculating the participant numbers．B．By comparing the participants' lifetime．C．By identifying the participants' diseases．D．By monitoring the participants' pressure．3．What was the research's shortcoming？A．It had few participants．B．It didn't last very long．C．It lacked in-depth study．D．It was the first research on balance．4．What may be the best title for the text？A．Balance determines a person's lifetimeB．The balance test should be promoted to peopleC．The ability to stand on one leg can reflect health levelsD．Being able to stand for 10 seconds means being healthy【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。
北京市2022高考英语二轮复习：阅读专项练习（2）及解析第三部分阅读明白得（共20小题；每小题2分，满分40分）第一节（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
A“Hey, Jenna, do you think we’ll still be friends when we’re eighty-two?” I asked my friend．It was clear that she was wondering where I had come up with such a question．Losing Jenna would be like losing a very close sister．We hung out together．We gave each other advice．“Of course, we’ll still be friends when we’re eighty-two．” Jenna announced loudly．The next year, in the fourth grade, we met Jamie．The three of us soon became close friends．We played together almost every day．I thought even time couldn’t pull us apart, but I was sadly mistaken．The three of us started fighting a lot．Before Christmas, we had a really big fight, and Jamie and Jenna were against me, both saying I was bossy．I felt helpless and lonely．I thought Christmas would be horrible!I was surprised when Jenna came to my house and gave me an awesome Christmas card she had made for me．I was so sure that she was still disappointed with me．“Wow, ” I said, breaking the silence as we stood on either side of my front door．“Thanks．”“Okay…well…I have to go,” she said softly．“Okay．See you later then…” and I closed the door．“Who was that at the door?” my mu m asked．The card started off with “Merry Christmas”, but then it said, “I am so glad we’re friends．I am sorry about what I said when we were fighting．A fight won’t stop us from being friends．Besides, we said we were going to be friends even when we’re ei ght-two．”I stopped reading and started laughing．I couldn’t believe I had forgotten what she said that day in her back yard．I couldn’t believe I had been so selfish in trying to get even and making my friends feel sorry for me that I had forgotten about real friendship．56．How would the author and Jenna get along with each other after Christmas?A．They would be close friends again．B．They would not speak to each other．C．They would lose touch with each other．D．They would go on fighting with each other．57．The underlined sentence “I was bossy” in the fourth paragraph means “_________”．A．I looked like a boss B．I acted as a bossC．I was fond of giving orders D．I was fond of fighting58．Which of the following is the right time order according to the passage?a．Jamie became our friend．b．I felt lonely and unhappy．c．Jenna, Jamie and I fought a lot．d．Jenna brought me a Christmas card．e．I was sorry for what I did to her．f．Jenna and I promised to be lifelong friends．A．f a b c e d B．a c f b d e C．a b c f e d D．f a c b d e 59．The author was delighted when she read the card from Jenna because _________．A．what Jenna wrote was funnyB．Jenna would be her friend againC．she was happy about the coming ChristmasD．she was happy to receive a Christmas cardB1．The Video Camera PenItem 78431; $129．95Available for Immediate ShipmentOrder by Phone: 1-800-321-1484This is the pen that has a built-in video camera, capturing videos or still images with a click of its button．Ideal for use while secured in a pocket, it can capture up to five hours of video and up to 20,000 images．Its battery provides up to two hours of power before requiring a recharge．2．The Wristwatch CamcorderItem 78098; $149．95Available for 3-day shipmentOrder by Phone: 1-800-321-1484This is the men’s watch with an unnoticeablecamcorder, so you’ll always have a camera readyto capture a chance famous person or a pet’s ridiculous actions．The camera is located at the two-o’clock position,yet the watch’s hands never make it covered．The camera’s rechargeable battery provides up to two hours of use from a four-hour charge．3．The only 55 Inch Widescreen Personal Movie TheaterItem 77918; $249．95Available for Immediate ShipmentOrder by Phone: 1-800-321-1484This is the only personal media viewer that provides a private viewing experience just like watching a widescreen 55 inch television from 10 meters away．It connects to a video iPod, iPhone, portable DVD player．Includes two AA batteries that provide up to six hours of continuous operation and iPod cable．4．The Digital Phone Album WatchItem 77281; $99．95Available for Immediate ShipmentOrder by Phone: 1-800-321-1484This is the watch that vividly displays120 of your favorite digital photographs．You can download digital photographs to the watch．The watch can be viewed in the Photo Album mode（time and photo view）or digital mode （time and date view）．A six-hour charge provides up to 10 days of use．60．What’s the purpose of this passage?A．To compare some creative inventions．B．To advertise some unique goods．C．To teach how to operate the items．D．To show how fashionable the items are．61．What do Item 78431 and Item 78098 have in common according to this passage?A．They both sell well．B．They are both cheap．C．They both have unusual appearances．D．They both can take photos．62．If you’re a movie fan, you probably show strong interest in ________．A．The Video Camera PenB．The Wristwatch CamcorderC．The only 55 Inch Widescreen Personal Movie TheaterD．The Digital Phone Album Watch63．Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage?A．In fact, Item 78098 cannot tell time．B．Item 77918 works as a DVD player．C．In a way, Item 77281 is user-friendly．D．All the items include rechargeable batteries．CJack lay, quiet and unmoving, for thirty minutes while a stranger repeatedly stabbed（刺）him with sharp needles, causing blood to pour steadily out of his leg．Jack was getting a tattoo．His friend Tony had recently gotten a tattoo, and Jack was so impressed by it that he decided to get one too．Peer pressure, media influence, and personal expression are some of the common reasons for wearing tattoos today．The desire to be accepted by one’s friends or peers can have a great influence on what a person does．Sometimes, wearing a tattoo can be a sign that you belong to a certain group．Gangs often use special clothes and tattoos to identify their particular group．Some of these groups wear only brand-name clothes．Others wear tattoos．When a person’s friends are all doing something, that person is more likely to do the same thing．The media is another big influence behind the popularity of tattoos in North America．A wide variety of media images show tattoos—people appearing in commercials selling expensive cars, famous sports heroes with tattoos in magazines, fashion models wearing designer clothes that show their bodies tattooed with detailed and colorful patterns．These media images link tattoos to ideas of wealth, success, and status．As a result, many people decide to get a tattoo for its fashion and status value．Many people decide to wear tattoos in order to express their artistic nature, their beliefs, or their feelings－in other words, to show their individuality（个性）．A musician in a rock band may get a tattoo of a guitar on the arm．Some environmentalists may tattoo pictures of endangered animals on their shoulders．A tattoo can be a public sign to show what is important in a person’s life．As you can see, there are many reasons why young North Americans get tattoos．A tattoo can be part of a group’s uniform, a sign of fashion, or an expression of individuality．The decision to get a tattoo is most often a result of the influence of friends or media or the desire to express oneself．For Jack, it was a mixture of all three．64．Jack has got tattoos in order to ________．A．show his great bravery B．gain a special experienceC．make himself more healthy D．be different from others 65．According to the passage, media images are linked to ________．A．traditional lifestyle B．social positionC．cultural background D．public interest66．We can infer from the passage that ________．A．some people get tattoos out of pressure B．tattoo is related to religious beliefC．getting tattoos costs a lot of money D．most people with tattoos are artistsDDo you know what really troubles me? For some reason, words with silent letters have always bothered me．For example, consider these words: know, design, island, school, wrist, naughty, and salmon．All of these words have at least one letter that is not typically pronounced, and these words are just a very small part of words with silent letters in them．Some words are even worse, consider this word: colonel．Not only are some letters not pronounced, but letters that are not even there are pronounced．Even foreign languages, especially French, are guilty of this needless complexity and confusion．I know there must be some main historical reasons why the words are spelled and pronounced the way they are, but that does not mean bad traditions must continue to survive．Especially if they are no longer logical．Unfortunately, there is very little that anyone can do for it, because there’s no group of people who can change or have the right to change the English language for everyone．However, the only thing we can do is make changes in the way we talk and write in hopes that it catches on．For example, I pronounce the letter “l” in salmon on purpose to make people annoyed and to sound more different or complicated．I even pronounce colonel the correct or French way．I can only hope these two minor changes to the English language make sense to you, and you will help to keep up these minor changes forever in your everyday life．67．We can learn from the passage ________．A．colonel is pronouncedB．salmon is pronouncedC．all the words with silent letters come from FrenchD．linguists will solve the problem of dumb letters68．Which of the following is the main reason for silent letters?A．French language． B．Historical reasons．C．Some linguists D．Bad traditions．69．The underlined phrase “catches on” probably means “________”．A．becomes popular B．gets acrossC．follows the fashions D．doesn’t fall behind70．Which of the following is the best title for this passage?A．Troubles in everyday life B．Traps in English wordsC．Words with silent letters D．Necessary changes of languages第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分）依照短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。
50分阅读理解提分练(三)阅读(共两节，满分50分)第一节(共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分)阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。
A[2023·石家庄市高三质量检测(二)]Looking for a cool new book this season? TFK Kid Reporters read and reviewed some of the best books of the year.YusufAzeemIsNotaHeroYusuf Azeem is hoping to have a great first year in middle school. Standing in his way are the hostile notes left in his locker and his struggle to find his place in a new community. YusufAzeemIsNotaHero, by Saadia Faruqi, will appeal to readers who like stories about everyday kids overcoming challenges and finding inner strength.BlackBoyJoyThe short stories in BlackBoyJoy, edited by Kwame Mbalia, celebrate the pleasures of Black childhood. There are also stories about victories, competitions, and getting dressed for their first day of school. Most are short, with simple plots. People who enjoy bitesized stories of happiness will like this collection.ParadiseonFireIn ParadiseonFire, by Jewell Parker Rhodes, Addy is a shy girl who escaped from an apartment fire that killed her parents. When a fire breaks out at the wilderness camp, Addy knows what to do. Will Addy be able to lead her fellow campers to safety? Readers will love the mix of suspense, action, and emotion in this book.ChunkyChunky was written by Yehudi Mercado. In the book, Hudi tries sports, which, however, take him away from what he's truly passionate about: comedy. His imaginary friend, Chunky, appears throughout the story to help Hudi achieve his dreams. Chunky is a great book for kids who want to read about friendship, family, and try to find where they might fit in.1．Which of the following tells about happy childhood?A．YusufAzeemIsNotaHero.B．BlackBoyJoy.C．ParadiseonFire.D．Chunky.2．What is the book by Jewell Parker Rhodes about?A．A girl trying to escape from danger.B．A boy suffering at school.C．A boy participating in a summer camp.D．A girl taking an interest in comedy.3．Who is Chunky in the book?A．A comedian. B．Hudi's classmate.C．A shy boy. D．An unreal friend.B[2023·长沙市雅礼中学一模]As a child, I never considered myself an athlete at all as I was very uncoordinated (不协调的). However, I did love to run because I felt as if I was flying but this all changed two years ago when I suffered a knee injury. I was bedridden for two weeks and I had a difficult time moving even short distances. I literally cried myself on my way to the car for a few days.When therapy wasn't working well for me, I signed up for a hot yoga class for girls, Bikram Yoga to be exact. Starting a yoga practice was truly a godsend because it helped me gain strength in my knees but, most importantly, yoga helped me attain a more peaceful state of mind, body and spirit.Since each class was heated to 105°F, every time I stepped foot in the yoga studio, I'd feel a surge(涌起) of negative thoughts come upon me like a big ocean wave. Some of these thoughts were, in the beginning of my practice, so strong that I walked out of the class several times. However, as the months passed by, I noticed that when I didn't get swayed away by my negative thoughts, I could stay in the hot room for longer.After 34 months of practicing hot yoga, my arms and legs were beginning to get definition. I also woke up with so much more energy than I had before starting my yoga practice and I gradually started shedding the pounds from my body. Yoga literally made me feel as if I'd taken a shot of energy drink and just gave me that burst that helped my knees heal and made my overall health better.As I saw some of my classmates do poses that looked appealing to me, I started to think maybe I could do them too. Therefore, yoga helped show me that I have no real limitations physically unless I set those limitations myself through eating junk and thinking in negative limiting terms.Also, practicing yoga in front of a mirror helped me connect with myself and practicing with a group of people really helped me to feel a greater sense of connection with humanity whereas before I didn't. Overall, this yoga practice has helped me to see I'm part of a bigger picture in life!4．What made the author sign up for the yoga class?A．Her currently disabled knee.B．Her being uncoordinated.C．Her failure to find her car.D．Her serious mental disease.5．What can we learn about the author from Paragraph 3?A．Lack of confidence prevented her doing yoga.B．The temperature was difficult to bear in yoga classes.C．She couldn't stand the pain the knee injury brought.D．She was greatly impacted by negative thoughts at first.6．What effect did yoga have on the author?A．She did better than her classmates at school.B．Her physical and mental states have improved a lot.C．She has developed many healthy eating habits.D．Her social circle was widened in the yoga classes.7．What is the author's purpose in writing the passage?A．To share her experience in taking yoga classes.B．To call on readers to sign up for yoga courses.C．To present the benefits of practicing yoga regularly.D．To show readers the necessary skills needed to do yoga.CAnimal and plant species are disappearing at frightening rates. The problem has led to efforts to “rewild” places where such life existed before human development, pollution and climate change forced it out. The American city of Detroit is an example of how human actions can increase rewilding, which generally means helping natural systems in damaged locations, removing dams or building tunnels to reconnect animal pathways cut by roads.Detroit's population reached a high of 1.8 million in the 1950s. Then the population began dropping. By 2000, there were fewer than one million people living in the city. Thousands of houses and other buildings were left empty over the years. Some structures were destroyed, leaving empty areas that plants and animals regained as habitats. Nonprofit groups have also planted trees and community gardens in these areas. Bald eagles found their way back as bans on DDT and some other insect poisons were put in place nationwide. Antipollution laws and governmentsupported cleanups made nearby rivers better for fish and native plants.Now, Detroit is home to 300 bird species and is a busy visiting place for ducks and others during migration. Additionally, this city offers a special way to study plants and animals in urban settings. Unlike most big cities, its population is decreasing but its streets and buildings remain in place. And there are many kinds of habitats, including large lakes, rivers and human neighborhoods. Detroit's parklands are so quiet that people don't even know they're in the city.“It used to be that you had to go to some remote location to get exposure to nature，” said John Hartig, a professor of University of Windsor. “Now that's not the case. Like it or not, rewilding will occur. The question is how we can prepare communities and environments to anticipate the presence of more and more wildlife. After all, many city people have lost their tolerance to live with wildlife. To really make a difference in dealing with the biodiversity crisis, you're going to have to have people on board.”8．What might have happened in Detroit at the beginning of 21st century?A．The city was overpopulated.B．More community gardens were built.C．Many buildings were deserted.D．The environment was badly damaged.9．What does the example of Detroit mainly tell us?A．It's governmentsupported efforts that really matter.B．Humans' efforts can make a difference in rewilding.C．Humans are to blame for the worsening environment.D．It's hard to humans and wildlife to live in harmony.10．What can we infer about current Detroit from the text?A．It is a big city crowded with tourists and bird species.B．Tourists don't show any interest in the quiet surroundings.C．It's turned into a place where people can get close to nature.D．It's become a center for those who study animals and plants.11．What does the underlined word “anticipate” in the last paragraph mean?A．Protect. B．Expect.C．Imagine. D．Delay.DThe Front Porch Center for Innovation and Wellbeing (FPCIW) launched a Bear Robotics ‘Servi’ pilot in June 2022 to help ease the challenges for senior dining services. In senior care, difficult as having a major change can be, the FPCIW took strategic steps to maximize the chances of the robotics pilot being a success. Davis Park, vice president at FPCIW, feels the pilot's success was largely due to the predeployment conversations and focus group discussions held. “We strongly believe that a little investment in the groundwork can make all the difference in a successful or failed technology project in senior living communities，” he says.Clear, open, and honest conversation around the pilot helped to prepare staff and residents for the robots' introduction. “Change is always hard，” says Park. “The open discus sions we had weeks in advance were helpful to make sure residents and staff felt heard about concerns they had about how ‘the robots are taking over’ or ‘this is going to take my job away.’” He notes that the FPCIW worked to reach out directly to those individuals who disagree or feel uncomfortable and to understand their pain points.The focus on deliberate and clear messaging also helped to address concerns surrounding the pilot. Messaging was delivered in person as early as eight weeks before the robots were introduced to the community dining rooms. Multiple open forums leading up to the “golive” kickoff created the opportunity to answer questions and address concerns. “We also distributed digital and physical copies of flyers and letters to all residents. And with that, we were able to head off many of the concerns and worries before they became problems and barriers to adoption.”When it comes to using robots in dining services, Park has a word for senior care operators. “Listen. Make sure to create the time and space for residents and staff to air their concerns, and also be prepared for those who may not be ready，” he says. “And just as importantly, if not more: Make it fun! During our golive event, we covered the dining room with robotthemed decorat ions and had the robots pass out robotthemed candies and champagne (香槟).”12．What is the key to the pilot's being successful?A．Putting in much time.B．Investing massive money.C．Providing chances of research maximally.D．Having sufficient communications beforehand.13．Why do some people object to the pilot?A．They find robots unfriendly.B．They fear their unemployment.C．They consider robots unreliable.D．They think the robot hard to operate.14．What's Paragraph 3 mainly about?A．Concerns on the pilot.B．Ways of delivering messages.C．Means of writing letters to residents.D．Barriers to accepting the dining robots.15．What's Park's advice for operators?A．To be sociable and grateful.B．To be cautious and generous.C．To be tolerant and optimistic.D．To be patient and considerate.第二节(共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分)阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
考点3 段落大意题辨明题类段落大意题主要考查文章某一段落的主要意思，是对一个段落的基本内容的简缩和概括。
考生要用准确的、简练的语言把一个段落的主要意思明确而完整地表达出来。
设问形式常有：(1)What is the first paragraph mainly about?(2)What is Paragraph 1 mainly about?(3)What does the first paragraph mainly talk about?技法点拨1．定位段落主题句，做到首尾兼顾做题时要特别注意“首尾兼顾”，即所问段落的首句和尾句。
一是因为它们往往体现主旨要义，二是因为利用这些信息可以迅速提炼段落结构框架，在框架下判断主旨，其准确性更高。
2．通过暗示揣摩段落大意有时，作者不直接写出主题句，而是通过情感态度等方法暗示性地体现主题，此时要根据文中所叙述的事实和线索综合判断去揣摩并概括出段落大意。
真题体验(2023·新高考全国Ⅰ卷D)On March 7, 1907, the English statistician Francis Galton published a paper which illustrated what has come to be known as the “wisdom of crowds” effect．The experiment of estimation he conducted showed that in some cases, the average of a large number of independent estimates could be quite accurate．This effect capitalizes on the fact that when people make errors, those errors aren't always the same．Some people will tend to overestimate, and some to underestimate．When enough of these errors are averaged together, they cancel each other out, resulting in a more accurate estimate．If people are similar and tend to make the same errors, then their errors won't cancel each other out．In more technical terms, the wisdom of crowds requires that people's estimates be independent．If for whatever reasons, people's errors become correlated or dependent, the accuracy of the estimate will go down．But a new study led by Joaquin Navajas offered an interesting twist (转折) on this classic phenomenon．The key finding of the study was that when crowds were further divided into smaller groups that were allowed to have a discussion, the averages from these groups were more accurate than those from an equal number ofindependent individuals．For instance, the average obtained from the estimates of four discussion groups of five was significantly more accurate than the average obtained from 20 independent individuals．In a follow-up study with 100 university students, the researchers tried to get a better sense of what the group members actually did in their discussion．Did they tend to go with those most confident about their estimates? Did they follow those least willing to change their minds? This happened some of the time, but it wasn't the dominant response．Most frequently, the groups reported that they “shared arguments and reasoned together”．Somehow, these arguments and reasoning resulted in a global reduction in error．Although the studies led by Navajas have limitations and many questions remain the potential implications for group discussion and decision-making are enormous．32．What is Paragraph 2 of the text mainly about？A．The methods of estimation．B．The underlying logic of the effect．C．The causes of people's errors．D．The design of Galton's experiment．【解题示范】第一步：阅读题干，找出关键词：Paragraph 2，快速将解题信息定位到文章的第二段；第二步：根据段落的内容，分析选项，判断概括准确的选项：根据“This effect capitalizes on the fact that when people make errors, those errors aren't always the same．Some people will tend to overestimate, and some to underestimate．When enough of these errors are averaged together, they cancel each other out, resulting in a more accurate estimate．If people are similar and tend to make the same errors, then their errors won't cancel each other out．In more technical terms, the wisdom of crowds requires that people's estimates be independent．If for whatever reasons, people's errors become correlated or dependent, the accuracy of the estimate will go down．(这种效应利用了这样一个事实，即当人们犯错误时，这些错误并不总是相同的。
第1讲细微环节理解题（二）细微环节理解题(二)A(2016·山西四校高三第三次联考)World Book Day is a celebration of all things wonderful about books for all ages, with author events, school fancy－dress parades(游行) and a ￡1 book token(购书券) given to all school children under 18. It is a yearly event on 23rd April, organized by the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization(UNESCO), to promote reading.In the United Kingdom, the day is recognized on the first Thursday in March. On 3rd March, 2016 children of all ages in the U．K. will come together to appreciate reading. Sometimes, reading a modern novel can be tough (Booker Prize winner The Luminaries runs to 832 pages! ), especially if reading is not your strong suit. In fact, one in six people in the U．K. never pick up a book because they've experienced difficulties or are out of the habit of reading for pleasure.The Galaxy Quick Reads series are designed to introduce reluctant readers to bestselling short funny novels, which bring the joy of reading without demanding hours of concentrated time. They cover a range of subjects, from romance to comedy.Jojo Moyes's Paris for One is a romantic adventure in which 26－year－old Nell books a weekend away to Paris with her lazy, neglectful boyfriend. When he fails to turn up, she is alone in the city. That is, until she meets Fabien, who shows her the charms of the French capital—in more ways than one.Adele Geras's moving story Out In The Dark was set in World War I, in which young Rob came back from the battlefields. Determined to find the officer's widow to return the photo of her and their daughter that the captain kept with him, he traveled several thousand miles but never gave up.Dead Man Talking is a fantastic tale of Pat, who had a terrible fight with his best friend, Joe, ten years ago—but now hears that Joe is dead, and he must attend his funeral. But Joe is not going quietly that very night—he's lying in his coffin being very chatty indeed.体裁：说明文题材：介绍说明主题：《银河快速阅读》系列语篇导读：有些书让不擅长阅读的读者望而却步。
