2020年高考英语之纠错笔记专题15：短文改错

高考短文改错短文改错错误设置规律及改正方法1、冠词错误类型:①不定冠词a和an的误用；元音发音开头的单词前用a修饰，辅音发音开头的单词前用an修饰②定冠词the和不定冠词的误用。

表示“一……”的含义时不用a/an修饰名词，然而不可数名词前却用a/an修饰；表示特指时不用the修饰名词,不表示特指时却用the修饰名词；在某些习惯表达中随便使用the.改正方法：分析语境逻辑看有关名词表示特指还是泛指，表示特指时用the修饰，表示泛指且有“一……”之意时，元音发音开头的单词前用an 修饰，辅音发音开头的单词前用a修饰。

同时还应注意习惯表达中冠词的使用情况。

2、名词错误类型：名词单复数错误；名词所有格错误。

改正方法：①分析修饰语的单复数意义、主谓一致的特点和语境意义可以发现并改正名词单复数错误。

②分析前后两个名词之间有无所属关系可以发现并改正名词所有格错误。

常考的不可数名词有fun，progress，advice，information，equipment，furniture, news等。

3、形容词和副词错误类型：①形容词和副词的误用；②形容词和副词的比较级和最高级的误用。

改正方法：表语和补语为形容词,名词前的定语为形容词；副词可修饰动词、形容词、副词、过去分词、介词短语或整个句子;比较级用于两个人、物之间做比较；最高级用于三个或以上的人、物之间做比较。

4、代词错误类型：①人称代词主格和宾格的误用；②代词前后指代的误用;③不定代词的误用；④反身代词的误用。

改正方法：①分析上下文弄清人称代词的正确指代；②主格人称代词作主语，宾格人称代词作宾语，形容词性物主代词作定语,名词性物主代词作主语、宾语和表语，反身代词作宾语或同位语。

③分析句子成分可以发现并改正缺少的人称代词.5、介词错误类型：多用、少用与误用介词。

改正方法:分析语境逻辑及检查介词与动词、名词、形容词、副词等的搭配。

常考查含有介词的固定短语,因此要加强对短语的积累。

2020高考英语专题训练: 短文改错记叙文假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。

文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。

每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。

增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号(∧)，并在其下面写出该加的词。

删除：把多余的词用斜线(\)划掉。

修改：在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。

注意：1. 每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；2. 只允许修改10处，多者(从第11处起)不计分。

(一)During May Day, I went to the zoo to see lovely animals and went to the sea world to see beautiful fishes. That was very much interesting. I also went with my parents to visit my grandparents and to eat minority foods. We rode horses on the grassland and had fun local children. It was very excited. After that, I hold a party and invited some of my best friend to visit my house. His mother bought a lot of tasty foods for us, so we also took many photos on the party. We played very happy. I also watched lots of cartoon films at home, that were wonderful.(二)Last year my brother and I went to Beijing for vacation. After our plane landing, we went to the hotel. We had made our reservation six month earlier, but the woman at the service counter said they had been a mistake. We are t old that our rooms hadn’t been reserved for that week, but for the week after. I didn’t understand what this would happen and my credit card had already been charged with the reservation. What’s bad, the hotel had been fully booked. When we were wondering what to do with, the manager came out. She apologized and gave them a spare VIP room on the top floor.(三)Mary has been award the title of “Star Student of the Week” for what she did for our class. In the hot afternoon of last Saturday, Mary went downtown and walked from one store to another, looked for the costumeswe would wear in the singing contest. While the rest of us were enjoying our leisure times in comfortable classrooms, she spent the whole afternoon searching for and selecting. Finally, she finds the right clothes. Deep moved by her efforts, we tried our best and won first prize in the contest. Mary is warm-hearted so cares about the class. She deserves the honor and we should learn from him.(四)Today is my father’s birthday. I got o n the subway train after I have bought the present. And when I was on the subway train, I imagined the situation which I gave the present to my father, and my father would be very happily.On the next station, there is a lady who had no seat in the front of me. She also had two heavy bag. After a minute, I stood and offered the seat to him. She was quite happy and grateful to my help. She said “Thank you!’’ to me, which made me to feel proud.Today is best. I felt a fun to help other people.(五)I wanted to visit Hangzhou before returning back to London. One of my tasks were to decide where to go. I took out my guidebook which there was lots of informations about the city’s famous sights. At that moment, the attractive young lady came up to me and introduced himself. She offered to show me the city. She suggested we first go to the West Lake and walk along the Broken Bridge. I liked the idea. Therefore, I was worried about crossing the Broken Bridge. If it were broken, I would fell in and drown. It was probable not a good idea, so I politely refused her invitation, closing my book and walked away.(六)I still remember one of my experience of hiking on the Mount Tai. Before the trip, I think it a piece of cake to get the top of the mountain. However, after reached the middle of it, I started to feel tired from. I was thirsty and my legs was so painful. Although I faced such a great difficulty, but I was determined to finish the trip as I was full convinced that nothing is impossible. So I must moved on! Finally, I reached the top of the mountain. How happy I was and how a beautiful view I could enjoy on the mountain!(七)Today is Mother’s Day. We wake up very early in the morning. My sister Jane and I planned to do anything for our mother to give her surprise. First, I put a bunch of flower on her desk and Jane went to the kitchen to made breakfast. After mother got up, she was surprising to see the beautiful flowers. Then, we said to her, “Happy Mother’s Day, Mum! Thank you to everything that you have done for me. We love you forever.” Heard this, mother was moved to tears. Finally, we served her breakfast. She was proud of what her daughters had been done for her.(八)One day a guide dog and a blind man got on the bus together. The bus was full people and there were no spare seats. One man, however, soon got up and left. The dog took the blind man to the seat and there was a little space. The dog begin to push the people on each side with his nose. He pushed and pushed when the people moved down and finally there were enough space for two. The blind man then sat down and the dog got on the seat beside the blind man. He lay and soon fallen asleep. Everyone on the bus s miled at the dog’s clever in making space for the blind man and for herself.(九)About 9 o’clock last night, I am doing my homework. Sudden I heard my neighbor shout and laughing loudly. He was watching the football game on TV. I couldn’t go on studying and become impatient. I covered my ear, trying to keep the noise out, and it was no use. So I had to go to my neighbor’s house.I knocked at door and said, “Good evening, Mr Yang! Could you please turn down your TV a bit? I am doing my homework.”“Oh, I’m really sorry to have disturbed with you. We’ll do like you say.” My ne ighbor said politely.“Thank you very much.” I said and went back to continue my study.(十)A few months after returning the US from Germany, I took part in a college course in French. Since I have learned to say German well in Germany, I thought it might be interested to begin studying other language. At the first class, the teacher asked us to do a pronunciation exercise in it he would say a word or two in French, and each student would do their best to copy. When he got to me, he kept having me to say more words, and I finally askedhim why. “I find it great fun”, she explained it. “In 25 years of teaching at school, it’s the first time I’ve heard an American speak French with a German accent.”参考答案(一)本文讲述作者如何庆祝五一假期。

高中英语2020短文改错万能公式和口诀短文改错一直是许多同学非常头疼的题型，做题时总是无从下手，失分太多或者不能满分。

其原因当然在于基础较差，但对该题型的认识不全面、答题技巧的缺失也是很大的原因。

今天，给大家介绍一套短文改错万能公式及解答口诀!短文改错万能公式1.谓语动词的错误是历年考试的重点和热点，常见动词错误类型有：①一般现在时与一般过去时错用;②and前后动词时态不一致;③主谓不一致;④缺少动词,特别是be动词;⑤第三人称单数形式错用;⑥主动语态和被动语态错用。

2.名词的常见错误：单复数名词错用，可数名词与不可数名词错用。

3.连词错误：连词包括关系代词、副词，并列连词and/or/but等。

关于连词，一般考查从句关系：who/whom/whose/what/which/how/why/when/where/if/whether等。

4.冠词错误：误用a和an(根据单词的第一个音素来判定);误用a/an和the(固定搭配，或泛指、特指;多冠词或少冠词)5.形容词和副词错误：系动词后用形容词(be/am/is/are/was/were/become/go/感官性动词smell/feel);词性的误用(形容词修饰名词;副词修饰动词、形容词)。

6.代词错误：代词的主格和宾格(I/me;he/him;she/her;we/us they/them)错误;反身代词(myself/yourself/himself/herself/themselves/ourselves)使用错误;代词的单数和复数使用错误;代词指代错误;多代词或少代词。

7.非谓语动词的常见错误：不定式、动名词作主语、宾语时;and连接的不定式或动名词前后不一致(尤其距离较远时);介词后用动名词形式作宾语;某些动词后要求接动名词或不定式。

8.介词错误：词组中的介词误用;介词意思理解偏差;介词的多用或少用动词形，名词数;注意形和副;非谓动词细辨别;习惯用法要记住;句子成分多分析;逻辑错误须关注。

2020届新高考英语新题型练习语法填空短文改错应用文写作读后续写(5)语法填空（山东省实验中学2020届高三第二次诊断性测试）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。

Sometimes we all need positive attitude tips to get through the day．What is this positive attitude anyway? It can be rather 56 (annoy)if you feel bad and I suggest you look at it positively．How?If you are really feeling low，there is no way you can jump to a 57 (total)positive outlook．But there is a way—taking small 58 (step)and learning new ways of thinking，little by little．If you take it as 59 way of life，only 60 (expect)to find ways to feel a little better，one day you’11 notice you 61 (change)your thinking．I've been following the path of positive thinking for over twenty years and I'm really happy I started to work on my thoughts．Sure I have gone 62 many unpleasant phases of life，63 with the positive attitude I walked through them and later found al1 those phases were blessings in disguise．Still，when you start your journey of positive thinking，you shall meet wonderful new people，with 64 you can share positive attitude．And that’s really 65 makes the whole journey so much fun．We are here for each other．I really hope these tips work for you!短文改错（2020山西太原阶段性测评）假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。

专题十五　短文改错挖命题【考情探究】五年考情统计 考点动词名词、数词连词形容词副词冠词介词代词卷名 2018课标Ⅰ211221102017课标Ⅰ221121102016课标Ⅰ212021112015课标Ⅰ311201112014课标Ⅰ11122111合计106678553分析解读 1.短文改错所考查的词类覆盖面广,分布合理。

错误类型包括词法、句法、语篇结构及行文逻辑等,涉及名词、冠词、代词、介词、形容词、副词、连词等语法知识。

动词、名词或数词、连词、形容词和副词是历年命题的重点,冠词、代词、介词所占比例相对较小,但几乎每年都有所涉及。

2.近五年短文改错语篇类型均为记叙文,主题和语言符合中学生的实际阅读水平。

句子结构以简单句为主并融合适量的复合句。

3.建议在备考过程中注意以下两点:(1)突出对重点语法的复习和训练,根据高考题总结高频考点,熟练掌握应对每一个考点的常用方法;(2)重视平时在写作中出现的常见错误和典型错误,不断提升准确运用语言的能力。

【真题典例】真题再现 假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文,请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。

文中共有10处语言错误,每句中最多有两处。

每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。

增加:在缺词处加一个漏字符号(∧),并在其下面写出该加的词。

删除:把多余的词用斜线(\)划掉。

修改:在错的词下画一横线,并在该词下面写出修改后的词。

注意:1.每处错误及其修改均仅限一词;2.只允许修改10处,多者(从第11处起)不计分。

通读文章,弄清大意分析句子,逐句排查再读文章,查漏补缺真题再现 During my last winter holiday, I went to countryside with my father to visitmy grandparents. I find a big change there. The first time I went there, theywere living in a small house with dogs, ducks, and another animals. Last winterwhen I went here again, they had a big separate house to raise dozens ofchicken. They also had a small pond which they raised fish. My grandpa said lastsummer they earned quite a lot by sell the fish. I felt happily that their lifehad improved. At the end of our trip, I told my father that I planned to returnfor every two years, but he agreed.[重点词汇]the first time 第一次dozens of 许多quite a lot 很多at the end of 在……结束时高效解题 During my last winter holiday, I went to ①∧the countryside with my father to visit my grandparents. I ② a big change there. The first time I went there, they were living in find found a small house with dogs, ducks, and ③ animals. Last winter when I went④ again, anotℎer otℎer ℎere tℎere they had a big separate house to raise dozens of⑤. They also had a small pond ⑥∧in cℎicken cℎickens which/ they raised fish. My grandpa said last summer they earned quite a lot by⑦ wℎicℎwℎere sell selling the fish. I felt ⑧ that their life had improved. At the end of our trip, I told my ℎappily ℎappy father that I planned to return ⑨for every two years, ⑩ he agreed.but and ①考查定冠词。

核心题型强化专练—短文改错一、短文改错（本大题共16小题，共160.0分）1.假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。

文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。

每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。

增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号（∧），并在其下面写出该加的词。

删除：把多余的词用斜线（＼）划掉。

修改：在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。

注意：1、每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；2、只允许修改10处，多者（从第11处起）不计分。

I shared a room with Wang Tao and Li Ming many years ago. One day, Wang Tao liedin bed, coughing and trembling．He had such bad headache that he couldn't help weep. SoI took his temperatures. It was up to 39℃. With hesitation, I dialed 120. It wasn't longafter an ambulance arrived, I carried some cash and Li Ming brought a blanket for him.Wang Tao was a suspecting SARS patient. However, we didn't escape．When the severe disease were spreading, people showed off the human spirit to overcome fear. And it was just because of the spirit which we went through that difficult period．2.假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文．文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处．每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改．增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号（八），并在其下面写出该加的词．删除：把多余的词用斜线（\）划掉．修改：在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词．注意：1．每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；2．只允许修改10处，多者（从第11处起）不计分．During my last summer holiday，I go to France with my father to do some sightseeing． On third day， our bus pulled into a motorway service station． Our guide told us we wouldn't stop again that day， so we had to eat a meal in the only restaurant here． There was a problem． When I asked about fish， in my terrible French， the assistant thought l wanted chickens． Anyway ， ten minutes late，I got my meal． I thought the food would be dull， what was n't the case at all． Wonderfully cooking， it tasted delicious and had been nothing in c ommon with motorway food elsewhere． Maybe I shouldn't have been so surprising as t his， after all， was France．3.假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。

2020高考英语之短文改错解题技巧一、短文改错设置的错误的主要类型短文改错设置的错误的主要类型有：⑴名词的单复数；⑵动词的时态和语态；⑶非谓语动词；⑷介词的搭配；⑸主谓一致性；⑹不定冠词与定冠词；⑺固定词组的搭配；⑻行文逻辑一致性；⑼词性的混淆；⑽同义词辨异；⑾连词的误用；⑿代词的格与数；⒀句子成份残缺等。

归纳为语法错误、词汇错误和上下文关系错误。

这些错误大致涉及以下几个方面：（一）一致性问题所涉及的一致性问题主要包括主谓一致、时态、语态一致、代词指代一致、名词的数与格的一致、句式结构与语意一致、行文关系的一致。

例如：主谓不一致 There were a football game on TV last Saturday evening.讲解：原句中a football game决定了谓语动词必须用单数，所以应该把 were 改为was.（二）词性问题词性问题不单单是识别的问题，能够说出所给单词的词性，并不说明能够在句中找出用错词性的地方。

其主要目的是检测考生是否真正了解主要词类的语法作用及其在句中的经常性位置，如名词在句中一般作主语、宾语、表语，动词作谓语，形容词充当表语、定语和宾补，而副词则充当状语，修饰形容词、动词乃至句子。

名词主要考察能力：单复数混用和出题形式：1、单复数混用Helen is seventeen year old. She is very busy.讲解：“年龄多大了”应该为复数形式，因此应该把year改为years。

注意：代词单复数混用类似。

As for afriendship, we can readily find them in our classmates and other people around us.讲解：显然应该把 them改为it，指代前面提及的friendship。

此句话意思是“就友谊来说，我们可以很容易地从我们的同学和周围的人中找到。

”形容词/副词主要考察能力：两者之间是否混用。

2020年高考英语短文改错考点解析：代词一、考点规律分析短文改错对代词的考查主要涉及人称代词的前后一致性（包括指代的一致性和单复数的一致性）、人称代词的主格与宾语变化、各类代词的误加与漏用、某些不定代词的用法（尤其是在意思上用错）、代词在某些习语中的用法等。

二、真题单句归纳（1） David pointed to a path which it he thought would probably lead to a village. （全国卷）（2） When we walked to the car， Bill smiled and shook head. （全国卷）（3） We climb everywhere， not only in America. They have been to Europe many times. （全国卷）（4）And I can‘t forget the good food you cooked for I. （全国卷）（5） I hope that both you two could come and visit us some time soon. （全国卷）（6） The Smiths did his best to make me feel at home. （全国卷）（7） And they must not break the rules too often if we want to win the game. （全国卷）（8）Now I can‘t watch m any television，but a few years ago… （全国卷）（9） Now someone at home read instead. （全国卷）（10） I spend all the whole weekend reading and preparing for it. （北京春季卷）（11） The day before the speech contest English teacher talked to me. （全国卷）（12） I think I liked those classes because I felt that it helped me understand what the world works. （北京春季卷）（13）…in any other words， I am an only child. （全国卷）（14） For example， when he bought a chocolate cake， he put them in a secret place I couldn‘t find. （北京春季卷）（15） Then he ate it all， by himself. He never helped other. （北京春季卷）（16） The three of they were very excited. （全国卷）（17） But his parents think going to college is more important than playing sports and college is the only place for a smart boy like his son. （安徽春季卷）（18） According to studies， any children spend more time watching television than they spend in school. （北京春季卷）（19）…and tried to translate anything into English. （全国卷）（20）…as I was learning to express me in simple English. （全国卷）（21） One day I wrote a little story and showed to my teacher. （全国卷）（21） At once I apologized and controlled me at my best till the dinner started. （江苏卷）（22） And every year more and more people start a stamp collection of your own （浙江卷）（23） If anyone of us had any difficulty in our life or study， the other would help him out. （天津卷）（24）What‘s more， you have to be friendly with your pupils and take good care of him. （湖北卷）三、模拟单句演练（1） Here are some letters for you and he.（2） She loves swimming. It keeps she fit.（3） Here are the cats Auntie brought us. Take good care of it.（4） Everyone here gets up earlier than her does.（5）Here is my dog. It‘s name is Petty.（6） He opened mouth as if to say something.（7）Don‘t lose your heart. Try again.（8） The Smiths have been married， but have no children of his own.（9） I tell him everything， for he is a good friend of me.（10） He smiled at her and laid her hand on hers.（11） When you are away from home， you should look after you.（12） If you have any question， put up hand.（13）It‘s a very important thing. You must think over carefully.（14）I don‘t like these； please show me some other.（15） In order to catch the thief， the police did his best.（16） This is the book which you bought it for me ten years ago.（17）I‘m very sorry about all the whole thing.（18） When I got up， I found parents were preparing breakfast for me. （19） Yes， money is very important， but it is not anything.（20） At the airport， all his baggage was stolen， but soon he got them back.。

短文改错万能公式 1.谓语动词的错误是历年考试的重点和热点，常见动词错误类型有： ①一般现在时与一般过去时错用; ②and前后动词时态不一致; ③主谓不一致; ④缺少动词,特别是be动词; ⑤第三人称单数形式错用; ⑥主动语态和被动语态错用。

2.名词的常见错误： 单复数名词错用，可数名词与不可数名词错用。

3.连词错误： 连词包括关系代词、副词，并列连词and/or/but等。

关于连词，一般考查从句关系：who/whom/whose/what/which/how/why/when/where/if/whether等。

4.冠词错误： 误用a和an(根据单词的第一个音素来判定); 误用a/an和the(固定搭配，或泛指、特指;多冠词或少冠词) 5.形容词和副词错误： 系动词后用形容词(be/am/is/are/was/were/become/go/感官性动词smell/feel); 词性的误用(形容词修饰名词;副词修饰动词、形容词)。

6.代词错误： 代词的主格和宾格(I/me;he/him;she/her;we/us they/them)错误; 反身代词(myself/yourself/himself/herself/themselves/ourselves)使用错误; 代词的单数和复数使用错误; 代词指代错误; 多代词或少代词。

7.非谓语动词的常见错误： 不定式、动名词作主语、宾语时; and连接的不定式或动名词前后不一致(尤其距离较远时); 介词后用动名词形式作宾语; 某些动词后要求接动名词或不定式。

8.介词错误： 词组中的介词误用; 介词意思理解偏差; 介词的多用或少用 动词形，名词数; 注意形和副; 非谓动词细辨别; 习惯用法要记住; 句子成分多分析; 逻辑错误须关注。

一、动词形 主要包括两类错误：动词的时态和语态错误，以及主、谓不一致的错误。

例如： My favourite sport is football. I was member of our school football team. Now my picture and prize is hanging in the library. (are) 上述两例分别属于时态错误和主、谓不一致错误。