⒊Literary background:⑴In the nineties,French
naturalism,with its new techniques and new ways of writing ,appealed to the imagination of the younger generation like Crane,Norris ,and Theodore Dreiser.
American Naturalism 美国自然主义
Background
⒈Social background:⑴Modern
America----industrialism----financial giants and industrial proletariat(无产阶级)---skyscrapers and slums(贫民窟)
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⑵The
westward expansion---frontier near the Pacific coast ----railroad ----drive farmers to bankruptcy
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⒉Ideological background:a cold, indifferent
Humanistic values
A desire to assert one‟s human identity, to define oneself against the social and natural forces one confronts.
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Representative writers
The Titan (1914) 《巨人》
The Stoic (1947) 《斯多噶》 The "Genius" (1915) 《天才》