初中英语常用不规则动词的过去式与过去分词
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英语不规则动词记忆规律
虽然英语有些动词的过去式和过去分词变化不规则,但可以把这些不规则动词的变化成分几种形式来记忆:
1、AAA型(原形→原形→原形)
2、AAB型
3、ABA型(原形→过去式→原形)
4、ABB型
(1)、在动词原形后加一个辅音字母d, t或ed构成过去式或过去分词。
(2)、把动词原形的最后一个辅音字母“d”改为“t” 构成过去式或过去分词。
(3)、原形→ought →ought
(4)、原形→aught →aught
(5)、变其中一个元音字母
(6)、原形→□lt/pt/ft→□lt/pt/ft
(7)、其它(无规律)
5、ABC型
(1)、原形→ew→own
(2)、原形→过去式→原形+(e)n
(3)、原形→过去式→过去式+(e)n
(4)、变单词在重读音节中的元音字母“i”分别为“a”(过去式)和“u”(过去分词),即[i→a →u]
(5)、其它(无规律)
6、一个动词有两种变化形式
7、情态动词(无过去分词)
后附:《初中英语不规则动词记忆表》
7.情态动词(无过去分词)。
初中所有不规则动词的过去式和过去分词,必考!一. AAA型:即原形、过去式和过去分词三式都相同。
原形过去式过去分词汉语意思cost cost cost花费,值cut cut cut 切,割hit hit hit撞,击hurt hurt hurt使…伤痛let let let让put put put放read read read读set set set安排,安置shut shut shut 关闭spread spread spread 传播,散布注意: read ---read--- read发音分别是: [ri:d]---[red]---[red]二. AAB型:即原形和过去式相同beat beat beaten打败三. ABA型:即动词的过去分词与原形相同。
原形过去式过去分词汉语意思become became become成为come came come来run ran run跑overcome overcame overcome 超越四. ABB型:即动词的过去式和过去分词相同。
catch caught caught捉,抓teach taught taught教bring brought brought带来buy bought bought买fight fought fought打架think thought thought思考speed(加速)---sped--sped(speed(加速)---speeded--speeded)shoot(射击)---shot--shot feed(喂养,饲养---fed---fedmeet(遇见)---met---met lead(带路,领路--led---ledsit(坐)---sat---sat, spit(吐痰)---spat---spatdig(挖)---dug---dug , hang(悬挂)---hung---hung,stick(粘贴,将……刺入)---stuck---stuckfeel(觉)---felt---felt keep(保存)---kept---keptsleep(睡)---slept---slept oversleep(睡过头)---overslept---overslept sweep(扫)---swept---swept build(造)---built---builtlend(借)---lent---lent send(邮寄,发送)---sent---sentspend(花费)---spent---spent lose(丢失)---lost---lostsmell(嗅)---smelt--smelt spell(拼写)---spelt---speltburn(着火)---burnt---burnt, dream(做梦)---dreamt---dreamt,learn(学习)---learnt---learnt, deal(对付)---dealt---dealtmean(意思是)---meant---meant light(点燃)---light ed/---light ed,light(点燃)---lit/---lit, hear(听见)---heard---heardmake(制造)---made---made②一只下蛋(lay)的鹅说(say):“赶快付钱(pay)”。
二,xx高频词组1.break away (from)脱离,逃跑break down损坏,分解,瓦解break in强行进入,闯入;打断,插嘴break into闯入break off断绝,结束break out突然发生,爆发;(of)逃出break through突破break up终止,结束;打碎,拆散3.get away逃脱,离开get by通过,经过get down从…下来;写下get down to开始,着手get in进入;收获,收集get into进入,陷入get off从…下来,离开,动身,开始get out of逃避,改掉get over克服,(从病中)恢复过来get better of占上风,胜过get through结束,完成get together集合,聚集get up起床;增加,增强提出,提供4.go after追求go ahead开始,前进,领先go along with陪同前往,随行go around/round足够分配go back on违背go by过去go down下降,降低;被载入,传下去go for竭力想取得,喜爱,支持,拥护go in for从事,致力于,追求,沉迷于go into进入;研究,调查go off爆炸,发射;动身,离开go on继续,发生go out外出,熄灭go over检查,审查;复习,重温go through经历,经受;详细检查go under下沉,沉没;失败,破产go up上升,增加;建起go with伴随,与…协调go without没有…也行5.give away泄漏;分送give back送还,恢复give in交上;投降,屈服give off放出,释放give oneself away泄漏,露马脚give oneself up自首,投降,投案give out分发,放出give up停止,放弃6.look at看望,注视look back回顾,回头看look down on看不起,轻视look for寻找,寻求look forward to盼望,期待look in顺便看望look into调查,观察,过问,窥视look on旁观,观看;看待;视作look out留神,注意,提防,警惕look over检查,察看,调查look through仔细察看,浏览,温习look up查阅,查询look up to尊敬,敬仰7.put away放好,收好;储存put down记下,放下;镇压,平定put forward提出put in驶进put in for申请put off推迟,推延put on穿上,戴上;上演;增加(体重)put out熄灭,消灭,关(灯);出版,发布;生产put up提出,举起,升起,提(价);为…提供食宿,投宿;建造,搭起,支起;张贴put up with容忍,忍受8.take away消除,消耗take down记下,写下take…for把…认为是,把…看成是take in接受,吸收;了解,理解;欺骗take off拿走;脱下;起飞take on呈现,具有,装出;接纳,承担,从事take over接管,接办take up占去,占据;开始从事;拿起,接收9.in turn依次,轮流turn down关小,调低;拒绝turn in交出,上缴;转身进入,拐入turn into变成turn off关掉,断开;拐弯,叉开turn on接通,打开turn out制造,生产;结果是;驱逐,使离开turn over翻过来,翻倒;转移,转交turn to变成,求助于,借助于turn up开大,调大;出现,来到,发生take turns轮流10 . used to do 过去常常做某事be used to doing 习惯于做某事get used to dong习惯于做某事be used to do 被用去做某事be used for doing被用去做某事be used as 被作为……使用11.keep healthy 保持健康Keep in touch with 和。
一. ( 过去式与过去分词完全不同)be(am/is/are) was/were been [bi:n] 是break [breik] broke [brəuk] broken ['brəukən] 打碎beat [bi:t] beat [bi:t] beaten ['bi:tn] 击打begin [bi'gɪn] began [bi'ɡæn] begun [bi'ɡʌn] 开始bring brought brought 带来;blow [bləu] blew [blu:] blown [bləun] 风吹build [bild] built built 建立;建筑burn [bə:n] burnt/ burned burnt/burned 燃烧;烧毁buy [bai] bought bought 购买choose [tʃu:z] chose [tʃəuz] chosen ['tʃəuzən] 选择can [kæn] could [kud] 能come came come 来cost [kɔst] cost cost 花费;使付出cut [kʌt] cut cut 切割dig dug dug 挖掘do [du:] /does did [did] done [dʌn] 做drink [driŋk]drank [dræŋk]drunk [drʌŋk]喝酒dream [dri:m] dreamt/ dreamed[dremt] dreamt/ dreamed 梦想;做梦drive [draiv] drove [drəuv] driven [drivən] 驾驶draw [drɔ:] drew [dru:] drawn [drɔ:n] 画,绘图eat [i:t] ate [et,eit] eaten ['i:tən] 吃fly [flai] flew [flu:] flown [fləun] 飞forget [fə'ɡet] forgot [fə'ɡɔt] forgotten [fə'ɡɔtn] 忘记fall [fɔ:l] fell [fel] fallen ['fɔ:lən] 落下;跌倒feed [fi:d] fed fed 喂养;供给feel ['fi:l] f elt felt 感觉;认为;触摸fight['fait] fought fought 打架;与…打仗find [faind] found found 发现;认为;感到freeze [fri:z] froze [frəuz] frozen ['frəuzn] 结冰forbid[fə'bid] forbade/forbad [fə'beid][fə'bæd] forbidden[fə'bidən] 禁止forgive[fə'ɡiv] forgave [fə'ɡeiv] forgiven [fə'givn] 原谅go [ɡəu] went [went] gone [ɡɔn] 去get[ɡet] got [ɡɔt] gotten ['ɡɔtən] 得到give [ɡiv] gave [ɡeiv] given ['ɡivən] 给予grow [ɡrəu] grew [ɡru:] grown [ɡrəun] 生长hide [haid] hid [hid] hidden ['hidən] 隐藏,躲藏hang ['hæŋ] hung hung 悬挂;绞死have had hadhear [hiə] heard heard 听;听见hit [hit] hit hit 打;打击hold [həuld] held held 持有;拥有;支持hurt [hə:t] hurt h urt 使受伤;损害;使疼痛keep kept keptknow [nəu] knew [nju:, nu:] known [nəun] 知道lie [lai] lay [lei] lain[lein] 躺lay [lei] laid laid 躺下;产卵;搁放lead [[li:d], [led]] led led 领导;引导;指挥learn [lə:n] learned/ learnt learned/ learnt 学习;得知;认识到leave [li:v] left left 开;留下lend [lend] lent lent 贷款;把……借给let let letlight ['lait] lit / lighted lit / lighted 照亮;点燃;着火lose [lu:z] lost lost 失败;浪费;使迷路may [mei] might [mait] 可以mistake[mi'steik] mistook [mi'stuk] mistaken [mi'steikən] 错误make made mademean [mi:n] meant meant 意味;想要meet [mi:t] met met 相遇;接触pay [pei] paid paid 付款;偿还put put put 放read [ri:d] read[red] read[red] 阅读run ran runring [riŋ]rang [ræŋ]rung [rʌŋ]打电话rise [raiz, rais] rose [rəuz] risen ['rizən] 升高ride [raid] rode [rəud] ridden ['ridən] 骑say said saidsell [sel] sold sold 卖;销售send [send] sent sent 派人;寄信;发送set set set 树立;(日,月)落沉shine [ʃain] shined / shone shined / shone 照耀;显露;出众show [ʃəu] showed shown / showed 显示;说明;展出;演出shut [ʃʌt] shut shut 关闭;停业sit sat sat 坐;位于sleep [sli:p] slept slept 睡觉smell [smel] smelled/ smelt smelled/ smelt 嗅,闻speed [spi:d] sped / speeded sped / speeded 超速,加速spell [spel] spelled/ spelt spelled/ spelt 拼,拼写spend [spend] spent spent 花钱;用尽;度过spread [spred] spread spread 传播;伸展stand [stænd] stood stood 站立;位于;忍受stick [stik] stuck stuck 坚持;伸出;粘住;刺起sweep [swi:p] swept swept 打扫;席卷speak [spi:k] spoke [spəuk] spoken ['spəukən] 说shall [ʃæl] should [ʃud] 将swim [swim] swam [swæm] swum [swʌm] 游泳sing [siŋ] sang [sæŋ]sung [sʌŋ]唱歌sink [siŋk] sank ['sæŋk] sunk [sʌŋk]下沉sew [səu] sewed [səu] sewn/sewed [səun] 缝合steal [sti:l] stole [stəul] stolen ['stəulən] 偷窃see [si:] saw [sɔ:] seen [si:n] 看见;理解shake [ʃeik] shook [ʃuk] shaken ['ʃeikən] 摇动take [teik] took [tuk] taken ['teikn, 'teikən] 拿,带tear [tiə] tore [tɔ:] torn [tɔ:n] 撕裂teach [ti:tʃ] taught [tɔ:t] taught [tɔ:t] 教think [θiŋk] thought [θɔ:t] thought [θɔ:t] 思考tell [tel] told [təuld] told [təuld] 告诉throw [θrəu] threw[θru:] thrown[θrəun] 投/扔understand[,ʌndə'stænd] understood [,ʌndə'stud] understood 了解win [win] won[wʌn] won[wʌn] 获胜will [wil, wel] would [wud] 将wear [wεə] wore [wɔ:] worn [wɔ:n] 穿着write [rait] wrote [rəut] written ['ritən] 写wake [weik] woke [wəuk] woken ['wəukən] 唤醒二. (过去式与过去分词完全相同)buy [bai] bought [bɔ:t] bought [bɔ:t] 买bring [briŋ] brought [brɔ:t] brought [brɔ:t] 拿来build [bild] built [bilt] built [bilt] 建造burn[bə:n] burnt/burned[bə:nt][bə:nd] burnt/burned[bə:nt][bə:nd] 燃烧baby-sit['beibi,sit] baby-sat ['beibi,sæt] baby-sat ['beibi,sæt] 临时照顾catch [kætʃ] caught [kɔ:t] caught [kɔ:t] 捕捉dream [dri:m] dreamed/dreamt [dremt] dreamed/dreamt [dremt] 做梦deal [di:l] dealt [delt] dealt [delt] 分配dig [diɡ] dug [dʌɡ] dug [dʌɡ] 挖feed [fi:d] fed [fed] fed [fed] 喂feel ['fi:l] felt [felt] felt [felt] 触摸fight [fait] fought[fɔ:t] fought [fɔ:t] 作战find [faind] found [faund] found [faund] 找出hang ['hæŋ] hung/hanged[hʌŋ][hæŋd] hung/hanged [hʌŋ][hæŋd] 挂/绞死have/has[hæv] [hæz] had [hæd] had [hæd] 有hear [hiə] heard [hə:d] heard [hə:d] 听到hold [həuld] held [held] held [held] 拿住hang ['hæŋ]hung [hʌŋ] hung [hʌŋ] 吊,挂keep [ki:p] kept [kept] kept [kept] 保持lead [li:d] led [led] led [led] 引导learn [lə:n] learnt/learned [lə:nt] ['lə:nid] learnt /learned 学习leave [li:v] left [left] left [left] 离开lend [lend] lent [lent] lent [lent] 借贷light ['lait] lit/lighted [lit] [laitid] lit/lighted 点着lose [lu:z] lost [lɔst] lost [lɔst] 遗失lay [lei] laid [leid] laid [leid] 置放make [meik] made [meid] made [meid] 制作mean[mi:n] meant [ment] meant[ment] 表…意思meet [mi:t] met [met] met [met] 遇到misunderstand [,misʌndə'stænd] misunderstood misunderstood 误会pay [pei] paid [peid] paid [peid] 支付prove [pru:v] proved proved/proven ['pru:vən] 证明rebuild[,ri:'bild] rebuilt [ri:'bilt] rebuilt [ri:'bilt] 改建retell [,ri:'tel] retold [,ri:'təuld] retold [,ri:'təuld] 复述rid [rid] rid/ridded [rid] rid/ridded [rid] 免除say [sei] said [sed] said[sed] 说send [send] sent [sent] sent [sent] 送/寄spend [spend] spent [spent] spent [spent] 花费smell [smel] smelt[smelt] smelt[smelt] 发出气味sleep [sli:p] slept [slept] slept[slept] 睡sweep [swi:p] swept [swept] swept[swept] 打扫sit [sit] sat [sæt] sat [sæt] 坐shoot [ʃu:t] shot [ʃɔt] shot [ʃɔt] 射击stand [stænd] stood [stud] stood [stud] 站立shine [ʃain] shone [ʃəun] shone [ʃəun] 发光shine [ʃain] shined [ʃain] shined [ʃain] 擦亮shoot [ʃu:t] shot [ʃɔt] shot [ʃɔt] 放(炮)show [ʃəu] showed[ʃəud] showed/shown ['ʃəun] 显露sow [səu] sowed [səud] sown/sowed [səun] 种植spell [spel] spelt/spelled [spelt] spelt/spelled[speld] 拼写spit [spit] spat/spit [spæt] spat/spit [spit] 吐出spring [spriŋ] sprang/sprung[spræŋ] sprung [sprʌŋ] 跳跃saw [sɔ:] sawed [sɔd] sawed/sawn ['sɔ:n] 锯seek [si:k] sought [sɔ:t] sought [sɔ:t] 寻觅sell [sel] sold[səuld] sold[səuld] 卖win [win] won[wʌn] won[wʌn] 获胜wet [wet] wet/wetted[wetd] wet/wetted[wet] 淋湿三. (原形与过去式和过去分词完全相同)bend [bend] bent [bend] bent [bend] 使弯曲bet [bet] bet [bet] bet [bet] 赌cast [kæst] cast [kæst] cast [kæst] 抛cost [kɔst] cost [kɔst] cost [kɔst] 花费,费用cut [kʌt] cut [kʌt] cut[kʌt] 割hit [hit] hit [hit] hit [hit] 打hurt [hə:t] hurt [hə:t] hurt [hə:t] 受伤let [let] let [let] let [let] 让lie [lai] lied [lai] lied [lai] 说谎put [put] put [put] put [put] 放置quit [kwit] quit/quitted [kwit] quit/quitted [kwit] 放弃read[ri:d] read [ri:d] read [ri:d] 读set [set] set [set] set [set] 安置shut [ʃʌt] shut [ʃʌt] shut [ʃʌt] 关闭四.(原型与过去分词相同)become [bi'kʌm] became[bi'keim] become [bi'kʌm] 变成come[kʌm] came[keim] come[kʌm] 来run [rʌn] ran [ræn] run[rʌn] 跑不规则动词过去式和过去分词巧记方法一、原形、过去式和过去分词的词形和读音都相同的单词,结尾字母一般是t或d。