形容词+补足语：(构成形容词短语)形容词+介词短语：A jacket similar to yoursDarwin had a phrase to describe those ignorant of evolution: they “look at an organic being as a savage looks at a ship, as at something wholly beyond his comprehension.形容词+不定式短语：Parents eager to support their children’s efforts形容词+动名词短语：A waiter busy serving the guests形容词+that：If a diamond is heated without oxygen , it will turn to graphite , a form of carbon so soft that it is used as a lubricant.多形容词并列修饰：(后置)We can easily point to inequalities, social and economic, but there is still a deep-seated belief that, no matter what his wealth or his job, each man is fundamentally equal with every other.多形容词与“形容词+补足语”并列：John was a ranchman, big, quiet, unlettered, and strong as horse.The+最高级+of+所属范围：Certain zoologists regard crows the most intelligent of birds. Of all metals, gold is the least useful.of属格的逻辑语义关系:主谓关系：从右往左翻译（不及物动词）The arrival of my mother动宾关系：从左往右翻译（及物动词）America’s invasion of Iraq同位关系：（二者互相说明）The city of RomeThe news of the team’s victory基本句型：（一）主语+系动词+表语系动词：链接主语和后面成分的词表语：又称主语补足语，在动词后面补充说明主语性质的成分(名词、形容词)Learning English is very important.He became a teacher.The leaf will turn yellow in autumn.简单句叠加为复杂难句：（定语复杂化）✓Vitamins are organic compounds.✓Vitamins are organic compounds necessary for the normal growth of life. (添加形容词短语)✓Vitamins are organic compounds necessary for the normal growth and maintenance of life of animals, including man. （形容词短语复杂化）✓Vitamins are organic compounds necessary in small amounts in the diet for the normal growth and maintenance of life of animals, including man. （介词短语插入）（二）主语+谓语（不及物动词）+【状语】状语：用来修饰说明动作发生的原因、方式、地点、时间的成分（副词、介词短语）They shouted loudly(方式状语)He died at home (地点状语)He died in 2007(时间状语)简单句叠加为复杂难句：（定语从句复杂化）✓This trend began during the Second World War.✓This trend began during the Second World War, when several governments came to this conclusion. （定语从句）✓This trend began during the Second World War, when several governments came to this conclusion that the specific demands cannot generally be foreseen in detail. （添加同位语从句）✓This trend began during the Second World War, when several governments came to the conclusion that the specific demands thata government wants to make of its scientific establishment cannotgenerally be foreseen in detail. (添加定语从句) (make demands of 对…提出要求)（三）主语+谓语+宾语These children are playing football.简单句叠加为复杂难句：✓The emphasis helped to obscure the great importance.✓The emphasis given by both scholars and statesman helped to obscure the great importance. (分词短语作定语)✓The emphasis given by both scholars and statesman to the presumed disappearance of the American frontier helped to obscure the great importance. (介词短语作定语)✓The emphasis given by both scholars and statesman to the presumed disappearance of the American frontier helped to obscure the great importance of changes in the conditions an consequences of international trade. (介词短语作定语)✓The emphasis given by both scholars and statesman to the presumed disappearance of the American frontier helped to obscure the great importance of changes in the conditions an consequences of international trade that occurred during the second half of the nineteenth century. (添加定语从句)（四）主语+谓语+间接宾语+直接宾语（双宾语）间接宾语：人，动作的接受者。
TOEFL.iBT 高分作文思路＋范文完美重排版 (3)本部分填补了目前网络iBT 备考资料的空白。
根据李笑来老师提供的作文思路与《iBT 高分作文》原书范文重排。
本部分对iBT 考试的独立写作部分与口语部分均具有重要的参考作用。
范文中加粗部分均依为原书所有。
附录一185 题库按关键词分类 (184)照录原书附录附录二李笑来作文笔记（独立部分） (185)根据本人新东方听课详尽笔记整理而成附录三句法多样性专题 (193)附录四例证表达法 (199)时间匆忙，欢迎指出错误，将在后面的版本中修正。
感谢笑来老师给我们提供了如此之好的备考材料，一切版权归笑来老师所有。
仅供广大iBT 考生备考参考，建议购买原版以更好使用。
Lost Lawyer2006 年11 月10 日Page 2 of 201TOEFL.iBT 高分作文思路＋范文完美重排版1. Why people attend college?People attend college or university for many different reasons (for example, new experiences, career preparation, increased knowledge). Why do you think people attend college or university? Use specific reasons and examples to support your answer.『分析』说明人们选择上大学的具体原因(一个或者多个)：增加经验、拓展知识、开阔视野为了实现理想(ideal; idealistic)(如，周恩来就是为中华之崛起而读书)为了保证将来的就业机会父母要求子女上大学别人都上大学了，所以自己也选择读书找不到工作("无知"，总是一部分人做出某个选择的理由。
上大学如是[1]，去博物馆如是[12]，从事危险运动亦如是[43]。
toefl ibt词汇2.0
托福ibt 词汇 2.0 指的是托福网考（Internet-Based Test）所需的词汇量在 2.0
万左右。
托福考试主要测试考生在学术英语中的阅读、听力、写作和口语能力，因此需要掌握一定量的学术英语词汇。
具体来说，托福ibt 词汇 2.0 包括以下几个方面：
1.阅读部分：需要掌握约1 万个词汇，其中学术词汇约有3000 个左右。
这些词汇涉
及各种学科领域，如自然科学、社会科学、人文科学等。
2.听力部分：需要掌握约1 万个词汇，其中学术词汇约有4000 个左右。
这些词汇主
要涉及学术讲座、课堂讨论、学术报告等场景。
3.写作部分：需要掌握约8000 个词汇，其中学术词汇约有2000 个左右。
这些词汇
用于写作学术论文、综合写作任务等。
4.口语部分：需要掌握约6000 个词汇，其中学术词汇约有1500 个左右。
这些词汇
用于进行学术讨论、课堂发言等。
需要注意的是，托福ibt 词汇 2.0 只是一个大致的参考数字，实际考试中所需
的词汇量还会根据考生自身的英语水平和考试难度而有所不同。
因此，考生在备考过程中，除了记忆托福词汇书中的词汇外，还需要注重提高自己的英语基础和阅读、听力能力，以更好地应对托福考试。
