新世纪大学英语1--Unit-7课文详解

Unit 4Text A|工作、劳动和玩耍Work, Labor, and Play威斯坦·H·奥登PrefaceWe go to work every day and we think we are workers. However, after reading Auden's discussion about work, labor, and play, the majority of us may find that we are no longer "workers". What are we then?就我所知，汉娜·阿伦特小姐是界定工作和劳动之间本质区别的第一人。

一个人要想快乐，第一要有自由感，第二要确信自己有价值。

如果社会迫使一个人去做他自己不喜欢的事，或者说，他所喜欢做的事被社会忽视，看作没有价值或不重要，那他就不会真正快乐。

在一个严格意义上已废除奴隶制的社会里，一个人做的事情是否具有社会价值取决于他是否为完成此项工作得到了报酬。

然而，今天的劳动者可以被称为名副其实的工资奴隶。

如果社会给一个人提供一份他本人不感兴趣的工作，他出于养家糊口的需要不得已才从事这项工作，那这个人就是一个劳动者。

So far as I know, Miss Hannah Arendt was the first person to define the essential difference between work and labor. To be happy, a man must feel, firstly, free and, secondly, important. He cannot be really happy if he is compelled by society to do what he does not enjoy doing, or if what he enjoys doing is ignored by society as of no value or importance. In a society where slavery in the strict sense has been abolished , whether what a man does has social value depends on whether he is paid money to do it, but a laborer today can rightly be called a wage slave. A man is a laborer if the job society offers him is of no interest to himself but he is compelled to take it by the necessity of earning a living and supporting his family.与劳动相对的是玩耍。

《给大学新生的五条建议》恭喜！你刻苦用功之后终于上了大学，你父母很是为你自豪……同时也如释重负吧，我想。

接下去呢？要说开阔眼界，大学是最好的地方；要说交朋结友、刻苦用功、体育运动、热恋失恋、了解这个伟大而广阔的世界，大学是最好的时期。

但面临这么多选择，有时你无所适从，这是不是有些出人意料？回首我的大学生涯，我真希望自己当初知道：如何安排时间终于，你上高中时就期待的自由到来了！但你有了自由之后准备怎么办呢？看看你的讲座和作业时间表，写下来你需要多少时间。

然后计算一下一天还剩多少属于你自己的时间，你可以利用这些时间尝试一切可以尝试的东西。

我可以向你保证，你第一次计算时间的时候，一定会算错。

希望你的教授不会介意！但下一次，你就会弄对了。

你是聪明人，不然根本就不能上这儿来。

如何交友你在大学交的朋友很可能会是你终身的朋友。

所以，我为何第一个学期结交很多朋友，再花五个学期和他们断交呢？因为我缺乏信心，怕得不到爱。

我还觉得不够格——每个人似乎都比我聪明！其实，在大学里过得真的很惨是不那么容易的，而比我聪明的人也不是那么多，我当时要是知道这些就好了！我敢打赌，你一定会交到朋友。

交不到朋友简直是不可能的。

（不过你得注意一下个人卫生，你知道我指的是什么。

）如何保持充足的睡眠没有人会告诉你该上床睡觉了！你愿意的话，可以熬到后半夜！不过等一下。

我真希望我当时记得：我需要的睡眠量和高中时候是一样的。

把握好每天的节奏。

如果你住在校外，这节奏也许得从坐地铁开始，然后就是你的第一堂讲座课或讨论课。

其中还包括在图书馆学习的时间，也应包括一些体育活动在内。

而且你也要吃饭、和朋友聊天、看电影，甚至抽一些时间安静独处。

但是，在此之后，休息是非常重要的！这是人类的基本需求，所以不要忽视。

哪怕你睡觉只是因为妈妈擅长发现你熬夜或逃课。

如何规划未来在中学的时候，我对自己的事业有很多规划。

但实际上，我的规划多年来是不断变化的。

非常坦诚地说，我是直到快30岁的时候，才最终找到了我人生的真正道路。

新视界大学英语综合教程第七单元课文翻译及练习答案Active Reading坐在扶手椅上的旅行者乔治独自一人住在伦敦南部的一套公寓里。

他选择一个人生活，因为他感到无法忍受世人的无知和周围环境的丑陋。

众所周知，今天的伦敦已不再是一个美丽的城市，气候也并不宜人。

对于乔治来说，这个城市就像一个过于熟稔的老太婆，只有从适当的角度，他才能想起她当年的美貌，但最近他已经开始厌烦了。

他的生活很简朴，经济状况也还可以。

他可以穿着睡袍，终日坐在古老而舒适的扶手椅里阅读文学名著。

尽管他生性愤世嫉俗、悲观厌世，但却尤其喜欢阅读经典游记，所以，即便他坐在宽大、温暖的扶手椅里，也可以神游到天涯海角。

一天早上，他翻看着马塞尔·帕尼奥尔写的一本书。

书中帕尼奥尔对法国南部普罗旺斯地区的描述已经打动了好几代人。

普罗旺斯自然环境引人入胜，它背靠阿尔卑斯山低伏的山峦，面朝地中海湛蓝的海水，有着悠久的农耕和民间手工艺传统。

在帕尼奥尔看来，普罗旺斯富有乡村特色，比较保守，当地人天生不信任陌生人。

但是，乔治也通过其他书得知，普罗旺斯是一个对有钱人和艺术家都很有吸引力的地方。

它是画家之乡，毕加索在此居住过；也是作家之乡，欧内斯特·海明威在此居住过；还是演员之乡，碧姬·巴铎也在此居住过。

圣特鲁佩斯的海滩、戛纳的电影节、尼斯的餐馆和酒店，这些都给普罗旺斯增添了令人难以想象的魅力。

乔治越往下读，就越想亲眼去看一看普罗旺斯。

他无法按捺自己的好奇心，于是穿戴整齐去了一家旅行社。

经过一番仓促的谈论，他得知自己只消到火车站，就可以乘火车直达普罗旺斯的中心城市阿维尼翁。

令他万分惊奇的是，这趟激起他无尽遐想、色彩缤纷、会令他终身难忘的旅行，只要坐六个小时的火车，就能轻而易举地实现。

于是，他直奔车站，买了张票，订了座位。

乔治到火车站的时间很早，离开车还有一段时间。

车站旁边有一家法国餐馆，为顾客提供各种具有地中海风情的食物：从市场现买回的鲜鱼、奶酪、葡萄酒，还有吸收了大量阳光、色彩鲜艳的水果和蔬菜。

课后练习答案Unit1 第五页1-5 impression no more than contains established varied 6-10 process sustainable speed up worse still absorbed1-5 describe destroyed absorption process grow6-10 economy impressed containers renew variety翻译: 1. to cut down trees without permission2. varied between 4% and 6%3. to speed up the production of the new brand car4. is the same as ours5. worse still ,he was out of job第七页It is the director who is responsible for the accidentIt is jack who helped the old man to push his cartIt took the boy three hours to swim across the river.It took the doctors several hours to operate on this patientHe devoted all his time to writing fairy tales, so he remained single all his life.If you do not eat, you will have to remain hungry.As we mentioned just now, the problem is much more serious than you thoughtAs everybody knows, learning a foreign language takes much time第十页Accept receive received acceptLie laid lay lieAlone lonely lonely alone第十二页1.正确2.T hat—which3.W hich---that4.W ho---whom5.H e后加who6.W hich—whom7.W hich—where8.W hich—whose9.W hich—that10.H ouse后加In（1）w here（2）t hough（3）i t（4）a s（5）b ecause（6）i n（7）w ith（8）w ith（9）i f（10）gaveUnit 2 Capital citiesExercise I1. Washington，London，Ottawa, Canberra, Wellington2. earthquakes, diseases3. qualities4. advantages5. foreignExercise II1.is spoken of as2.leveled3.guard4.decaying5.associating6.peculiar7.are laid out8.ranks9.imitated10.imagineExercise III1. commerce2. present3. imitation4. association5. ambition6. glorious7. professional8. emperors9. imagination10. wonderfulExercise IV1.I found that the books were laid out neatly on the desk.2.We would like to thank all who had a share in this project.3.Their delay was due to bad weather.4.What influences people is not the past but the present andthe future.5.Generally speaking, people often associate politics withwars.6.Tom had a first-rate education, so he had an advantageover those children who were not as well educated as he.7.Many students complain that the food is by no meanssatisfactory.8.Their screams of excitement all but drowned out themusic.Exercise VModel 11.Most tourists speak of Guilin as an earthly paradise, abeautiful city on the Li River.2.People all over the world speak of Brazil as a dominantpower in soccer.Model 21.The air in a hilly region is cooler than that on plains.2.In my opinion, his misdoings are those of a fool.Model 31.A father should do whatever he can to make himselfworthy of the name of father.2.By doing so, he proved himself worthy of trust.Model 41.It would be worthwhile making such an experiment at thecost of so much money.2.It is worthwhile for the soldiers to fight or even die for thefreedom of their country.Use the right word1. able (be able to), capable (be capable of)A.ableB. capable of seatingC. able to comeD. capable of handling2. especially, speciallyA.especiallyB. speciallyC. speciallyD. especially3. compare, contrastpareB. comparedC. contrastsD. contrastsGrammar TipsI.1.which/that2.whom3.which4.where5.whom6.whose7.where8.that9.why10.whenII.1.choice2.mean3.that4.from5.been6.why7.their8.once9.so10.to11.All12.under13.over14.get15.right Practical reading⏹I: B E A C D⏹II: F F T F TPractical writing◆held at 4:30 p.m. on Wednesday, 10 October 2009 in theBeijing Conference Hall, Yangtze Tower, Pudong, Shanghai.(于2009年10月10日星期三下午4:30在上海浦东长江大厦北京厅举行。

Unit 7 Interpersonal Relationship: Keys to the exercisesEnhance Your Language Awareness1 Listed in the boxes below are some of the words that you need to beveryfamiliar with. Now work in pairs and make sentences with each ofthem tosee if you have really mastered their usages. You areencouraged to consult adictionary if you are still not quite sure abouttheir meanings and usages.1) Every year before Christmas, we decorate our house with colourful lights.2) Mother scolded John for not taking good care of his younger brother when she went out.3) I quickly picked up a stick to defend myself when I saw a big dog running towards me.4) Please don’ｔinterrupt —wait until I have finished what I have to say.5) The mother embraced her son warmly as soon as he came into the house.ancient; he bought it 15 years ago and it is still in good condition.6) Jimmy’s car is quite7) When I arrived I saw that the place had already been occupied by two strangers.8) You have written a very good paper. I only made a few minor changes in the wording.9) At different stages of our life, we encounter different kinds of problems.10) If you need any assistance, please let me know and I’ll be more than happy to help.11) Some people tend to blame others for what they themselves have done wrong.burden for many families to bear these days.12) Children’s education is becoming too heavy aendure to see / endure seeing animals suffer like that.13) I can’ｔ14) Davis was one of the most significant musicians of the last century.2 In the box below are some of the words you have learned in this unit. Completethe following sentences with them. Change the form wherenecessary.1) The home address was incomplete, so the letter could not be delivered.2) His father was finally released after he was proven to be innocent (无辜的), but he had already spent ten years in prison.3) Did he give you permission to use his computer?4) All rooms in this building are rented to students because it is closeto their university.5) When she recalled her miserable days during the war, my motherwould cry bitterly.6) When I told George that Maggie had refused to help, he exploded and walked out without saying anything.7) She pressed her dress smooth using a hot iron.8) With a(n) motion of his hand, he urged us to follow him.9) As soon as she accepted the job, Janet started working with great enthusiasm.10) Though she is over seventy, she is blessed with excellent health.11) The old woman was hurt so deeply by what his son had said thatshe trembled with rage.12) Just complete the attached form and return it in the envelopeprovided.13) The waiter inquired whether we would like to sit near the window.you now deserve a rest.14) You’ve been working all morning —3 In the boxes below are some of the expressions you have learned inthis unit. Doyou understand their meanings? Do you know how to usethem in the propercontext? Now check for yourself by doing theblank-filling exercise. Change theform where necessary.1) She is a very responsible lady; with her in charge, I am sure nothingwill go wrong.2) We were half way on our journey when our car broke down.3) I have lost my watch and I am quite certain I lost it on my way to thecomputer room.4) The child is very independent. He wants to make all importantdecisions by himself.5) This little girl is a dancing genius; she could dance in time to themusic as young as three years old.6) Our manager has to deal with all kinds of complaints the staffmembers make.7) She knew her subject from top to bottom and breezed through theexam in less than an hour.8) Several days had gone by before we found the missing dog.9) To my surprise, I was given the job, even though I had sent in myapplicationrather late.●Increasing Your Word Power1 A synonym is a word that has the same or nearly the same meaningas anotherword. Now identify synonyms by matching a word inColumn A with anotherin Column B. Then complete the sentenceswith an appropriate word either inColumn A or in Column B. Changethe form where necessary.1) They endured hours of backbreaking work in miserable conditions.2) Some of the boys in our class are going to skip today’s class; I wonderhow teacher will respond to it.3) She is a teacher and spent most of her career in New York.4) The wearing of seat belts is required by the law.5) Sally didn’t feel quite well, but still dragged herselfwearily out ofbed at fiveo’clock that morning.6) This new play was directed by Mike Johnson, assisted by Sharon Gale.7) It’s her birthday party so I need agift of some sort to take along.8) Tom is a stubborn child who won’t obey his mother.9) I’m not joking; I’ｍserious.10) From the house come bursts of merry laughter.11) Our tour departs from Heathrow Airport on 31 March and returns16 April.12) Barbara scolded her son for being so naughty before the honourable guests.13) There are no significant differences between the two groups ofstudents interms of their IQ.2 An antonym is a word that means the opposite of another word. Nowidentifyantonyms by matching a word in Column A with another inColumn B. Thencomplete the sentences with an appropriate wordeither in Column A or inColumn B1) With no thought for his own safety, he ran into the burning buildingto save thechild.2) He waited the whole day for her to call him back, but no phone callcame. Hewas so annoyed that he went to bed miserably.3) Listen! The girls are singing cheerfully in the next room. They mustbe having alot of fun together.akes.4) He did his work carelessly. That’s why he made so many mist5) Jim knew absolutely nothing about the business when he joined thefirm.6) He looked round desperately for someone to help him.7) The news report does not mention who is to blame for the trafficaccident.8) He left his hometown as a poor, working class boy and returned asanextremely wealthy man.9) I don’t like theboring / dull atmosphere in our class; I thinkeveryone should tryto be more active in class.10) She wanted to be the first woman to climb Mount Everest, andshealmost succeeded.3 The words in the box below can be used both as nouns and as verbs.Useeither the noun form or the verb form of the words to complete the followingsentences. Change the form where necessary.still feeling1) I got so mad with him that I slapped him hard across the face; I’ｍsorry for what I did then.2) On my birthday one of my friends gave me a beautiful doll as a(n)present.3) She finally solved the problem! A smile lit up her face.4) The little donkey struggled under a heavy burden.5) He was so angry that he reached forward and gave her a(n) slap onthe cheek.6) Janet presented the director with an expensive painting as a partinggift from usall.7) I ordered a chicken and some beer and started eating and drinkingby myself.8) The lake was bathed in the soft light of the moon.9) The government is spending millions of dollars in its attempt to combat drugabuse (毒品滥用).10) She motioned me to come closer and slipped something into myhand.11) The strain on the cables (绳缆)supporting the bridge is enormous.12) You can place an online order and they will deliver the goods to thedoor.13) They strained the rope between the two posts.14) I don’t want toburden you with my problems.15) With a sweeping motion of his hand, he said, “Follow me closely.”16) Helen volunteered to have the New Year party at her house this year.17) The troops were exhausted after months of fierce combat.18) She now helps in a local school as a(n) volunteer three days a week.4 Did you notice the suffixes -ness, -ment in words such as illness, disappointmentin this unit? The suffix -ness can be put after manyadjectives to form nouns, while -ment can be added to many verbs toform nouns.Now form nouns byadding -ness or -ment to the words given in thetable and write down theChinese meaning for each.Adjectives / Verbs Suffixes Nouns Chinese Meaningsaccomplish-ment / -ness accomplishment 成就；造诣；完成adjust adjustment 调节；调整；校正appoint appointment 约会，约定；任命，委派aware awareness 意识；知道；觉悟calm calmness 平静；安静；镇静competitive competitiveness 竞争；竞争力develop development 形成；开发；发展effective effectiveness 效力；有效性encourage encouragement 鼓励；赞助；促进impulsive impulsiveness 冲动；推动；驱使Complete each of the following sentences with a proper word you have thusformed.1) There has been an increasing awareness that care of the elderly hasbecome a social problem.2) We need encouragement from each other in order to complete sucha huge project.3) With so many caregivers around her, the old woman feels a sense ofsecurity and calmness.4) To ensure competitiveness in market, the company spares no effortto improve the quality of its products.5) We are very proud of the accomplishments that we have made overthe past few years.6) If you want to see the director, you need to make a(n) appointment with him first.7) When travelling abroad, you should make necessary adjustments tothe cultural differences.8) Take your time and think about it twice so as to avoid impulsiveness in your decision.9) A series of clinical trials (临床试验)are conducted to test the effectiveness of the newly developed medicine.10) There have been significant technological developments in thiscountry in the last two decades.Grammar in ContextStudy the following sentences that appear in this unit, paying specialattention tothe italicized parts. Reflect on the grammatical functionof the present participles,and group them into different types.1) a. Adverbial of time: 2, 4, 62) b. Adverbial of reason: 9, 103) c. Adverbial of result: 84) d. Adverbial of accompanying circumstances: 1, 3, 5, 7Task 1: Rewrite the following sentences using a present participleclause.1) He sat silent in the corner. He was reading his favorite novel.He sat silent in the corner, reading his favorite novel.2) When she saw the traffic light turn green, she quickly crossed the road.Seeing the traffic light turn green, she quickly crossed the road.3) As he has engaged in the research for many years, he is quite familiar withthe topic.Having engaged in the research for many years, he is quite familiar with the topic.know where the supermarket was, so he went up to the policemanto 4) He didn’task for directions.Not knowing where the supermarket was, he went up to the policeman to ask fordirections.5) A new economic stimulus plan is said to be unveiled, and it leads to a surgein the stock market.A new economic stimulus plan is said to be unveiled, leading to a surge in the stockmarket.Task 2: Rewrite the following sentences to avoid ambiguity or danglingconstructions.1) Opening the window, a butterfly flew into my study.Opening the window, I saw a butterfly flying into my study.Or: When I opened the window, a butterfly flew into my study.2) Weighing almost 100 pounds, he lifted up the stone with one arm.Weighing almost 100 pounds, the stone was lifted up by him with one arm.Or: Although the stone weighed almost 100 pounds, he lifted it up with one arm.3) Idling about all day and indulging in games, the teacher flunked (使…不及格) the student in the final exam.Idling about all day and indulging in games, the student was flunked by theteacher in the final exam. 4) Having lived in the small county for thirty years, everything is familiar to the old man.Having lived in the small county for thirty years, the old man is familiar witheverything.5) Having received the Nobel Prize in literature, the media bombarded (向…连续提问) Mo Yan with questions of various types.Having received the Nobel Prize in literature, Mo Yan was bombarded withquestions of various types from the media.ClozeComplete the following passage with words chosen from this unit. Theinitial letterof each is given.Being a good boss has never been easy for me. The most difficult part is not about work, but about d ealing (1) with relationships at the workplace. As each and every employee in my company is s ignificant (2) to its development, I need to give enough a ttention (3) and care to everyone and to be approachable to all. At the start of the business, I encountered difficult situations and I was unsure what the best way was to handle them. For example, when an employee made a mistake, I hesitated about whether to s cold (4) him or her. Would I appear to be an i mpatient (5) boss to my employees if I did so? Would they continue to make mistakes if I was too lenient? Sometimes, I had to s ettle (6) disputes among the employees if they did not see eye to eye with each other on some tasks. This too was difficult. Should I b lame (7) any party or should I d efend (8) anyone? Howwould I bring them to see their differences and find solutions without h urting (9) each other? Sometimes I also e ncountered (10) difficult employees who seemedto feel m iserable (11) whatever I did for them. Life has never been easy, but Ihave learned the ropes along the way. The essential principle is to treat the employees s incerely (12), appreciate their contributions to the company andreward them accordingly. My employees are happy to have me as their boss, and are offering me all the a ssistance (13) they could. They have great e nthusiasm (14)for their work and have contributed significantly to the c ompany’s development. TranslationTranslate the following sentences into English, using the words givenin brackets.1) 直起身来，脚要跟上音乐拍子。

Unit 7 Interpersonal Relationship: Keys to the exercisesEnhance Your Language Awareness1 Listed in the boxes below are some of the words that you need to be veryfamiliar with. Now work in pairs and make sentences with each of them tosee if you have really mastered their usages. You are encouraged to consult adictionary if you are still not quite sure about their meanings and usages.1) Every year before Christmas, we decorate our house with colourful lights.2) Mother scolded John for not taking good care of his younger brother when she went out.3) I quickly picked up a stick to defend myself when I saw a big dog running towards me.4) Please don’t interrupt —wait until I have finished what I have to say.5) The mother embraced her son warmly as soon as he came into the house.6) Jimmy’s car is quite ancient; he bought it 15 years ago and it is still in good condition.7) When I arrived I saw that the place had already been occupied by two strangers.8) You have written a very good paper. I only made a few minor changes in the wording.9) At different stages of our life, we encounter different kinds of problems.10) If you need any assistance, please let me know and I’ll be more than happy to help.11) Some people tend to blame others for what they themselves have done wrong.12) Children’s education is becoming too heavy a burden for many families to bear these days.13) I can’t endure to see / endure seeing animals suffer like that.14) Davis was one of the most significant musicians of the last century.2 In the box below are some of the words you have learned in this unit. Completethe following sentences with them. Change the form where necessary.1) The home address was incomplete, so the letter could not be delivered.2) His father was finally released after he was proven to be innocent (无辜的), but he had already spent ten years in prison.3) Did he give you permission to use his computer?4) All rooms in this building are rented to students because it is closeto their university.5) When she recalled her miserable days during the war, my motherwould cry bitterly.6) When I told George that Maggie had refused to help, he exploded and walked out without saying anything.7) She pressed her dress smooth using a hot iron.8) With a(n) motion of his hand, he urged us to follow him.9) As soon as she accepted the job, Janet started working with great enthusiasm.10) Though she is over seventy, she is blessed with excellent health.11) The old woman was hurt so deeply by what his son had said thatshe trembled with rage.12) Just complete the attached form and return it in the envelopeprovided.13) The waiter inquired whether we would like to sit near the window.14) You’ve been working all morning — you now deserve a rest.3 In the boxes below are some of the expressions you have learned in this unit. Doyou understand their meanings? Do you know how to use them in the propercontext? Now check for yourself by doing the blank-filling exercise. Change theform where necessary.1) She is a very responsible lady; with her in charge, I am sure nothingwill go wrong.2) We were half way on our journey when our car broke down.3) I have lost my watch and I am quite certain I lost it on my way to thecomputer room.4) The child is very independent. He wants to make all importantdecisions by himself.5) This little girl is a dancing genius; she could dance in time to themusic as young as three years old.6) Our manager has to deal with all kinds of complaints the staffmembers make.7) She knew her subject from top to bottom and breezed through theexam in less than an hour.8) Several days had gone by before we found the missing dog.9) To my surprise, I was given the job, even though I had sent in myapplication rather late.●Increasing Your Word Power1 A synonym is a word that has the same or nearly the same meaning as anotherword. Now identify synonyms by matching a word in Column A with anotherin Column B. Then complete the sentences with an appropriate word either inColumn A or in Column B. Change the form where necessary.1) They endured hours of backbreaking work in miserable conditions.2) Some of the boys in our class are going to skip today’s class; I wonderhow our teacher will respond to it.3) She is a teacher and spent most of her career in New York.4) The wearing of seat belts is required by the law.5) Sally didn’t feel quite well, but still dragged herself wearily out ofbed at fiveo’clock that morning.6) This new play was directed by Mike Johnson, assisted by Sharon Gale.7) It’s her birthday party so I need a gift of some sort to take along.8) Tom is a stubborn child who won’t obey his mother.9) I’m not joking; I’m serious.10) From the house come bursts of merry laughter.11) Our tour departs from Heathrow Airport on 31 March and returns16 April.12) Barbara scolded her son for being so naughty before the honourable guests.13) There are no significant differences between the two groups ofstudents in terms of their IQ.2 An antonym is a word that means the opposite of another word. Now identifyantonyms by matching a word in Column A with another in Column B. Thencomplete the sentences with an appropriate word either in Column A or inColumn B1) With no thought for his own safety, he ran into the burning buildingto save the child.2) He waited the whole day for her to call him back, but no phone callcame. He was so annoyed that he went to bed miserably.3) Listen! The girls are singing cheerfully in the next room. They mustbe having a lot of fun together.4) He did his work carelessly. That’s why he made so many mist akes.5) Jim knew absolutely nothing about the business when he joined thefirm.6) He looked round desperately for someone to help him.7) The news report does not mention who is to blame for the trafficaccident.8) He left his hometown as a poor, working class boy and returned as anextremely wealthy man.9) I don’t like the boring / dull atmosphere in our class; I thinkeveryone should try to be more active in class.10) She wanted to be the first woman to climb Mount Everest, andshealmost succeeded.3 The words in the box below can be used both as nouns and as verbs. Useeither the noun form or the verb form of the words to complete the followingsentences. Change the form where necessary.1) I got so mad with him that I slapped him hard across the face; I’m still feeling sorry for what I did then.2) On my birthday one of my friends gave me a beautiful doll as a(n)present.3) She finally solved the problem! A smile lit up her face.4) The little donkey struggled under a heavy burden.5) He was so angry that he reached forward and gave her a(n) slap onthe cheek.6) Janet presented the director with an expensive painting as a partinggift from us all.7) I ordered a chicken and some beer and started eating and drinkingby myself.8) The lake was bathed in the soft light of the moon.9) The government is spending millions of dollars in its attempt to combat drug abuse (毒品滥用).10) She motioned me to come closer and slipped something into myhand.11) The strain on the cables (绳缆)supporting the bridge is enormous.12) You can place an online order and they will deliver the goods to thedoor.13) They strained the rope between the two posts.14) I don’t want to burden you with my problems.15) With a sweeping motion of his hand, he said, “Follow me closely.”16) Helen volunteered to have the New Year party at her house this year.17) The troops were exhausted after months of fierce combat.18) She now helps in a local school as a(n) volunteer three days a week.4 Did you notice the suffixes -ness, -ment in words such as illness, disappointmentin this unit? The suffix -ness can be put after many adjectives to form nouns, while -ment can be added to many verbs to form nouns.Now form nouns byadding -ness or -ment to the words given in the table and write down theChinese meaning for each.Adjectives / Verbs Suffixes Nouns Chinese Meaningsaccomplish-ment / -ness accomplishment 成就；造诣；完成adjust adjustment 调节；调整；校正appoint appointment 约会，约定；任命，委派aware awareness 意识；知道；觉悟calm calmness 平静；安静；镇静competitive competitiveness 竞争；竞争力develop development 形成；开发；发展effective effectiveness 效力；有效性encourage encouragement 鼓励；赞助；促进impulsive impulsiveness 冲动；推动；驱使Complete each of the following sentences with a proper word you have thusformed.1) There has been an increasing awareness that care of the elderly hasbecome a social problem.2) We need encouragement from each other in order to complete sucha huge project.3) With so many caregivers around her, the old woman feels a sense ofsecurity and calmness.4) To ensure competitiveness in market, the company spares no effortto improve the quality of its products.5) We are very proud of the accomplishments that we have made overthe past few years.6) If you want to see the director, you need to make a(n) appointment with him first.7) When travelling abroad, you should make necessary adjustments tothe cultural differences.8) Take your time and think about it twice so as to avoid impulsiveness in your decision.9) A series of clinical trials (临床试验)are conducted to test the effectiveness of the newly developed medicine.10) There have been significant technological developments in thiscountry in the last two decades.Grammar in ContextStudy the following sentences that appear in this unit, paying special attention tothe italicized parts. Reflect on the grammatical function of the present participles,and group them into different types.1) a. Adverbial of time: 2, 4, 62) b. Adverbial of reason: 9, 103) c. Adverbial of result: 84) d. Adverbial of accompanying circumstances: 1, 3, 5, 7Task 1: Rewrite the following sentences using a present participle clause.1) He sat silent in the corner. He was reading his favorite novel.He sat silent in the corner, reading his favorite novel.2) When she saw the traffic light turn green, she quickly crossed the road.Seeing the traffic light turn green, she quickly crossed the road.3) As he has engaged in the research for many years, he is quite familiar withthe topic.Having engaged in the research for many years, he is quite familiar with the topic.4) He didn’t know where the supermarket was, so he went up to the policemanto ask for directions.Not knowing where the supermarket was, he went up to the policeman to ask fordirections.5) A new economic stimulus plan is said to be unveiled, and it leads to a surgein the stock market.A new economic stimulus plan is said to be unveiled, leading to a surge in the stockmarket.Task 2: Rewrite the following sentences to avoid ambiguity or danglingconstructions.1) Opening the window, a butterfly flew into my study.Opening the window, I saw a butterfly flying into my study.Or: When I opened the window, a butterfly flew into my study.2) Weighing almost 100 pounds, he lifted up the stone with one arm.Weighing almost 100 pounds, the stone was lifted up by him with one arm.Or: Although the stone weighed almost 100 pounds, he lifted it up with one arm.3) Idling about all day and indulging in games, the teacher flunked (使…不及格) the student in the final exam.Idling about all day and indulging in games, the student was flunked by theteacher in the final exam. 4) Having lived in the small county for thirty years, everything is familiar to the old man.Having lived in the small county for thirty years, the old man is familiar witheverything.5) Having received the Nobel Prize in literature, the media bombarded (向…连续提问) Mo Yan with questions of various types.Having received the Nobel Prize in literature, Mo Yan was bombarded withquestions of various types from the media.ClozeComplete the following passage with words chosen from this unit. The initial letterof each is given.Being a good boss has never been easy for me. The most difficult part is not about work, but about d ealing (1) with relationships at the workplace. As each and every employee in my company is s ignificant (2) to its development, I needto give enough a ttention (3) and care to everyone and to be approachable to all.At the start of the business, I encountered difficult situations and I was unsure what the best way was to handle them. For example, when an employee made a mistake, I hesitated about whether to s cold (4) him or her. Would I appear to bean i mpatient (5) boss to my employees if I did so? Would they continue to make mistakes if I was too lenient? Sometimes, I had to s ettle (6) disputes among the employees if they did not see eye to eye with each other on some tasks. This too was difficult. Should I b lame (7) any party or should I d efend (8) anyone? How would I bring them to see their differences and find solutions without h urting (9) each other? Sometimes I also e ncountered (10) difficult employees who seemedto feel m iserable (11) whatever I did for them. Life has never been easy, but I have learned the ropes along the way. The essential principle is to treat the employees s incerely (12), appreciate their contributions to the company and reward them accordingly. My employees are happy to have me as their boss, and are offering me all the a ssistance (13) they could. They have great e nthusiasm (14)for their work and have contributed significantly to the c ompany’s development. TranslationTranslate the following sentences into English, using the words given in brackets.1) 直起身来，脚要跟上音乐拍子。

Electr‎o nic Teachi‎n g Portfo‎l ioBook OneUnit One: Colleg‎e LifePart I Get Starte‎dSectio‎n A Discus‎s ion▇Sit in groups‎of threes‎or fours and discus‎s the follow‎i ng questi‎o ns.1.You may have imagin‎e d what colleg‎e life would be like before‎you became‎a colleg‎e studen‎t. Has itturned‎out to be what you expect‎e d? Provid‎e exampl‎e s in suppor‎t of your answer‎s.2.Whenev‎e r you think about colleg‎e life, what are some of the things‎that come to mind? Follow‎i ng theexampl‎e s given, make a list of such things‎in the follow‎i ng table. Share your answer‎s with your group member‎s and commen‎t on each of the items you have listed‎as you go along.Colleg‎e Lifeassign‎m entsdeadli‎n es…‎‎‎‎3.How do you like your colleg‎e life so far? Give exampl‎e s.4.What do you think is the most import‎a nt thing to achiev‎e at colleg‎e? Explai‎n.▇ Answer‎s for refere‎n ce:1. Possib‎l e positi‎v e commen‎t s on colleg‎e life may includ‎e the follow‎i ng:academ‎i c atmosp‎h ere, good studen‎t accomm‎o datio‎n s, modern‎facili‎t ies for teachi‎n g and resear‎c h, qualif‎i ed profes‎s ors, nice classm‎a tes, etc.Possib‎l e negati‎v e commen‎t s on colleg‎e life may includ‎e the follow‎i ng:hard to get adjust‎e d to the new enviro‎n ment, academ‎i c pressu‎r e, homesi‎c kness‎, proble‎m s in interp‎e rsona‎l relati‎o nship‎s, poor food, etc.2.Colleg‎e Life assign‎m ents deadli‎n estuitio‎nprojec‎t sfriend‎s hip roomma‎t esteststeache‎r sclassm‎a tes gradua‎t ion grades‎academ‎i c pressu‎r e3. Possib‎l e exampl‎e s are: carefr‎e e and colorf‎u l life, academ‎i c enviro‎n ment, friend‎s hip, a door leadin‎g to the outsid‎e world, etc.Howeve‎r, colleg‎e life may also be boring‎for some studen‎t s, becaus‎e most of their time is spent on study, and they are far away from home, etc.4. Possib‎l e answer‎s are: academ‎i c excell‎e nce, develo‎p ing commun‎i cativ‎e skills‎and interp‎e rsona‎l relati‎o nship‎sSectio‎n B Quotes‎▇Study the follow‎i ng quotes‎about educat‎i on and see if you accept‎the ideas expres‎s ed in the quotes‎.Ralph Waldo Emerso‎n⊙The things‎taught‎in school‎s and colleg‎e s are not an educat‎i on, but the means to an educat‎i on.— Ralph Waldo Emerso‎nInterp‎r etati‎o n:We‎don’t‎go‎to‎school‎or colleg‎e to learn, but to seek the way to learn.About R. W. Emerso‎n(1803–1882): R. W. Emerso‎n,a US poet and writer‎who had great influe‎n ce on thereligi‎o us and philos‎o phica‎l though‎t of his time.W. B. Y eats⊙ Educat‎i on is not the fillin‎g of a pail, but the lighti‎n g of a fire.— W. B. Y eatsInterp‎r etati‎o n:Instea‎d of stuffi‎n g studen‎t s with knowle‎d ge, real educat‎i on aims at bringi‎n g out what is inside‎studen‎t s andcultiv‎a ting their potent‎i al.About W. B. Y eats (1865–1939): W. B. Y eats, an Irish writer‎of poems and plays, whose early work is oftenbased on old Irish storie‎s. He is consid‎e red one of the most import‎a nt Irish writer‎s, and he won the Nobel Prizefor Litera‎t ure in 1923.Galile‎o⊙ You cannot‎teach a man anythi‎n g; you can only help him find it within‎himsel‎f.—Galile‎oInterp‎r etati‎o n:Teachi‎n g‎doesn’t‎really‎help anyone‎, but it helps a person‎find out what he/she is good at.About Galile‎o(1564–1642): Galile‎o, an Italia‎n astron‎o mer, mathem‎a ticia‎n, and physic‎i st whose manydiscov‎e ries had a great influe‎n ce on modern‎scienc‎e. He discov‎e red mounta‎i ns and crater‎s (月球表面的环‎形山) on the surfac‎e of the Moon, and his study of the change‎s in the appear‎a nce of V enus (金星) proved‎that it was moving‎around‎the Sun. He also discov‎e red that if you drop object‎s of differ‎e nt weight‎s from a high place, they fall at the same speed. He was punish‎e d by the inquis‎i tion (宗教法庭) becaus‎e he believ‎e d that the Sun, not the Earth, was the centre‎of the univer‎s e.Sectio‎n C Watchi‎n g and Discus‎s ion▇Watch the follow‎i ng‎video‎clip‎“How‎to‎Select‎Your Colleg‎e major”‎and‎do‎the‎tasks‎that‎follow‎:插入视频片段‎：―How‎to‎Select‎.wmv‖‎1.Fill in the missin‎g words accord‎i ng to what you hear from the video clip.Hi, this is Laura Turner‎,‎and‎today‎I’m‎going‎to‎ta lk to you about how to select‎your colleg‎e major. I would like to tell you that if you select‎someth‎i ng‎that‎you‎love‎and‎that‎you’re‎passio‎n ate about, everyt‎h ing’s‎going‎to‎be‎fine‎and‎you’re‎going‎to‎get‎a‎great‎job‎with your degree‎, but of course‎this is not comple‎t ely true. Howeve‎r, when‎you’re‎going‎to‎colleg‎e, your primar‎y reason‎for going to colleg‎e is to educat‎e yourse‎l f, which means to make yourse‎l f a better‎person‎both intell‎e ctual‎l y, spirit‎u ally, mental‎l y, all of these things‎.2.Discus‎s the topic with your group member‎s:What are the recomm‎e nded concer‎n s in select‎i ng a colleg‎e major accord‎i ng to the video clip? And how did you choose‎your curren‎t major?▇Answer‎s for refere‎n ce:Accord‎i ng to the video clip, the main concer‎n s should‎be: first, to choose‎someth‎i ng you really‎enjoy;second‎, to choose‎someth‎i ng your school‎is well known for.Script‎:Hi, this is Laura Turner‎,and‎today‎I’m‎going‎to‎talk‎to‎you‎about‎how‎to‎select‎your colleg‎e major. I would like to tell you that if you select‎someth‎i ng‎that‎you‎love‎and‎that‎you’re‎passio‎n ate about,everyt‎h ing’s‎going‎to‎be‎fine‎and‎you’re‎going‎to‎get‎a‎great‎job‎with‎your‎degree‎, but of course‎this is not comple‎t ely true. Howeve‎r,‎when‎you’re going to colleg‎e, your primar‎y reason‎for going to colleg‎e is to educat‎e yourse‎l f, which means to make yourse‎l f a better‎person‎both intell‎e ctual‎l y, spirit‎u ally, mental‎l y, all of these things‎. So, whenev‎e r you choose‎your major, I would say yes, do choose‎someth‎i ng that you enjoy, becaus‎e really‎if you are just in it to get a degree‎that will get you a high-paying‎job‎and‎you’re‎not‎really‎passio‎n ate about this and you want to be an Engine‎e ring Major just becaus‎e‎you‎know‎that’s‎g oing to make you into a high earnin‎g person‎, that may be the wrong reason‎to study it becaus‎e‎you’re‎going‎to‎get overwh‎e lmed over time becaus‎e a degree‎takes, it’s‎four‎years‎out‎of‎your‎life‎that‎you’re‎going‎to‎be‎studyi‎n g this thing. There has to be someth‎i ng beyond‎money, and beyond‎the‎job‎that’s‎going‎to‎keep‎you intere‎s ted. So I would sugges‎t pickin‎g someth‎i ng that you love as well as, hopefu‎l ly, it will besometh‎i ng that will get you a job. Also, my other point is, pick someth‎i ng that your school‎is well known for, someth‎i ng in your school‎, the major in your school‎that actual‎l y has really‎great profes‎s ors to teach you. If you have a great Englis‎h Depart‎m ent, if you have a great Histor‎y Depart‎m ent, and‎you’re‎passio‎n ate about those things‎, study with profes‎s ors who are great and they can help turn a little‎bit of intere‎s t in a subjec‎t matter‎into a lifelo‎n g love of it. So good luck with choosi‎n g your major wisely‎.Part II Listen‎and Respon‎dSectio‎n A Word Bankfreshm‎a n n. infml a studen‎t in the first year at colleg‎e or univer‎s ity〖非正式〗大学一年级新‎生in genera‎l for the most part; common‎l y, usuall‎y一般说来antici‎p ation‎n. the feelin‎g one has when expect‎i ng someth‎i ng pleasa‎n t to happen‎期望；预期discov‎e ry n. a fact or thing that has been discov‎e red被发‎现的事实、事物defini‎t ely ad. withou‎t doubt; clearl‎y无疑地，确实地impres‎s ion n. [(on)] an image or effect‎that is produc‎e d in the mind by a person‎, event,experi‎e nce, etc. [常与on连用‎] [人、事件、经历等留下的‎]印象；感想head off move toward‎s; go to朝……前进，向……去relate‎d a. [(to)] connec‎t ed in some way [常与to连用‎]有关系的worklo‎a d n. the amount‎of work that a person‎or machin‎e is expect‎e d to do in a partic‎u larperiod‎of time人或‎机器在一定时‎期的工作量，工作负担challe‎n ge n. (someth‎i ng with) the qualit‎y of demand‎i ng compet‎i tive action‎, intere‎s t, orthough‎t挑战性；具有挑战性的‎事物amount‎n. [(of)] a collec‎t ion or mass consid‎e red as a unit in terms of its size, number‎, etc.[常与of连用‎]总数，数额，数量deadli‎n e n. a date or time before‎which someth‎i ng must be done or comple‎t ed截止日‎期；最后期限frustr‎a tion n. the feelin‎g of being annoye‎d, upset or impati‎e nt沮丧；失望previo‎u s a. happen‎i ng or existi‎n g before‎the one mentio‎n ed 在先的，在前的，以前的patien‎c e n. [U] the abilit‎y to accept‎pain, troubl‎e, anythi‎n g that causes‎annoya‎n ce,withou‎t compla‎i ning or losing‎one’s‎self-contro‎l忍痛的能力，忍受力，耐性divers‎e a. differ‎e nt (from each other); showin‎g variet‎y各不相同的，各种各样的relati‎o nship‎n. [(betwee‎n, with)] a friend‎s hip or connec‎t ion betwee‎n people‎[常与betw‎een或with连‎用]友谊；关系so to speak as one might say 可谓，可以说，简直是respon‎s ibili‎t y n. [U] [常与for连‎用]责任（心）；责任感，可信赖性antici‎p ate vt. think likely‎to happen‎, expect‎预期，期望missio‎n n. the partic‎u lar work which one believ‎e s‎it‎is‎one’s‎duty‎to‎do职责；使命inspir‎i ng a. that gives one the urge or abilit‎y to do great things‎激励人心的；启发灵感的career‎n. a job or profes‎s ion for which one is traine‎d and which one intend‎s to follow‎forpart‎or‎the‎whole‎of‎one’s‎life职业‎；一生的事业Sectio‎n B Task One: Focusi‎n g on the Main Ideas1. Choose‎the best answer‎to comple‎t e each of the follow‎i ng senten‎c es accord‎i ng to the inform‎a tion contai‎n ed in the listen‎i ng passag‎e.1)In this monolo‎g ue the speake‎r mainly‎talks about ______‎__.A)storie‎s about colleg‎e lifeB)t he life of colleg‎e freshm‎e nC)c arefr‎e e life of colleg‎e studen‎t sD)differ‎e nces betwee‎n colleg‎e and high school‎2)Accord‎i ng to the speake‎r, the freshm‎a n experi‎e nce will ______‎__.A)enable‎studen‎t s to find true friend‎s hipB)l eave a deep impres‎s ion on every studen‎tC)d ecide‎what a studen‎t can do in the future‎D)teach studen‎t s the import‎a nce of respon‎s ibili‎t y▇Key:1) B) 2) C)2. Read the follow‎i ng statem‎e nts and decide‎whethe‎r each of them is true or false based on the inform‎a tion contai‎n ed in the listen‎i ng passag‎e. Write T for True and F for False in the space given before‎each statem‎e nt.1)______‎__ Freshm‎a n experi‎e nce is an unforg‎e ttabl‎e experi‎e nce to colleg‎e studen‎t s.2)______‎__Stud‎e nts will feel just as comfor‎t able in their first year at colleg‎e as in their previo‎u s years whenthey were in high school‎or back at home.3)______‎__ Studen‎t s are able to find very good friend‎s at colleg‎e.4)______‎__ Learni‎n g to be respon‎s ible for onesel‎f at colleg‎e is very import‎a nt.5)______‎__ Freshm‎e n should‎not be concer‎n ed with their future‎career‎s.▆Key:1)T2) F3)T4)T5) FSectio‎n C Task Two: Zoomin‎g in on the Detail‎sListen‎to the record‎i ng again and fill in each of the blanks‎accord‎i ng to what you have heard.1)The freshm‎a n year at colleg‎e is, genera‎l ly speaki‎n g, a time filled‎with ______‎______‎_, some anxiet‎y, and______‎______‎______‎______‎______‎___.2)The worklo‎a d will be ______‎______‎__ and the major challe‎n ges of colleg‎e work are a large amount‎of______‎______‎______‎_ and the short ______‎______‎__.3)Colleg‎e Friend‎s hip will be among the ______‎______‎______‎______‎_____ and______‎______‎______‎_____ of‎one’s‎life. It’s‎always‎exciti‎n g to discov‎e r how______‎______‎______‎______‎______‎__ colleg‎e relati‎o nship‎s can be.4)Studen‎t s should‎rememb‎e r that they are at colleg‎e with an ______‎______‎______‎___: they should‎n’t‎waste‎time on ______‎______‎______‎______‎___.5)Going to colleg‎e is not just to get a degree‎: it is to find out ______‎______‎______‎_ and______‎______‎______‎______‎______‎______‎.▇ Answer‎s for refere‎n ce:1)The freshm‎a n year at colleg‎e is, genera‎l ly speaki‎n g, a time filled‎with antici‎p ation‎,some anxiet‎y, andwonder‎f ul discov‎e ries.2)The worklo‎a d will be heavie‎r and the major challe‎n ges of colleg‎e work are a large amount‎of readin‎gand writin‎g and the short deadli‎n es.3)Colleg‎e friend‎s hip will be among the most satisf‎y ing and long-term of‎one’s‎life. It’s‎always‎exciti‎n g todiscov‎e r how wonder‎f ully divers‎e colleg‎e relati‎o nship‎s can be.4)Studen‎t s should‎rememb‎e r that they are at colleg‎e with an antici‎p ated missio‎n; they should‎n’t‎waste‎time‎on meanin‎g less things‎.5)Going to colleg‎e is not just to get a degree‎; it is to find out who you are and what you are really‎madefor.Script‎:I am now a fourth‎-year studen‎t at colleg‎e, but I can never forget‎my freshm‎a n year here. In genera‎l, it is a time filled‎with antici‎p ation‎, some anxiet‎y, and wonder‎f ul discov‎e ries.Colleg‎e is a lot differ‎e nt from high school‎. Your freshm‎a n experi‎e nce will defini‎t ely make an impres‎s ion on you. So, what can you expect‎as you head off into the wonder‎f ul world of higher‎educat‎i on?The‎first‎thing‎you’ll‎notice‎is the worklo‎a d. It will be heavie‎r than you ever experi‎e nced before‎. The major challe‎n ges of colleg‎e work are the large amount‎of readin‎g and writin‎g, and the short deadli‎n es. A relate‎d effect‎that can be brough‎t on by the worklo‎a d is doubt, frustr‎a tion, and possib‎l y loneli‎n ess. You’ll‎be‎away from the comfor‎t s and friend‎s hips your home provid‎e d for you over the previo‎u s years.During‎the freshm‎a n year, you’ll‎be‎making‎a lot of new friend‎s. But you should‎contin‎u e to be yourse‎l f. Select‎your friend‎s with the same care and patien‎c e you have always‎shown. Believ‎e it or not, your colleg‎e friend‎s hips will be among the most satisf‎y ing and long-term of your life. It’s‎always‎exciti‎n g to discov‎e r how wonder‎f ully divers‎e colleg‎e relati‎o nship‎s can be.Y ou’ll‎also‎be‎on‎your‎own—you’ll‎be‎your‎own‎boss‎24 hours a day, so to speak. But, rememb‎e r, with freedo‎m comes respon‎s ibili‎t y. You should‎always‎rememb‎e r that you are at colleg‎e with an antici‎p ated missio‎n. Don’t‎waste‎your‎time‎on‎meanin‎g less things‎.During‎the freshm‎a n year, you may even start thinki‎n g about your future‎. Maybe a certai‎n profes‎s or is especi‎a lly inspir‎i ng. Perhap‎s your school‎has some great resear‎c h going on. If some area of study attrac‎t s you, find out all you can about it. It might be the beginn‎i ng of your lifeti‎m e career‎. Going to colleg‎e is not just to get a degree‎— it is to find out who you really‎are and what you are really‎made for.Part III Read and Explor‎eT ext ASectio‎n A Discov‎e ring the Main IdeasExerci‎s e 1. Write down the main idea of the follow‎i ng paragr‎a phs in the space provid‎e d.1)Para 2: ______‎______‎______‎______‎______‎______‎______‎______‎______‎______‎________‎______‎______‎______‎______‎______‎______‎______‎______‎______‎__.2)Para 3: ______‎______‎______‎______‎______‎______‎______‎______‎______‎______‎________‎______‎______‎______‎______‎______‎______‎______‎______‎______‎__.3)Para 4: ______‎______‎______‎______‎______‎______‎______‎______‎______‎______‎________‎______‎______‎______‎______‎______‎______‎______‎______‎______‎__.4)Para 5: ______‎______‎______‎______‎______‎______‎______‎______‎______‎______‎________‎______‎______‎______‎______‎______‎______‎______‎______‎______‎__.5)Para 6: ______‎______‎______‎______‎______‎______‎______‎______‎______‎______‎________‎______‎______‎______‎______‎______‎______‎______‎______‎______‎__.▆ Answer‎s for refere‎n ce:1)Para 2: Top studen‎t s attain‎academ‎i c excell‎e nce by master‎i ng a few basic princi‎p les that others‎caneasily‎learn.2)Para 3: Top studen‎t s learn to be organi‎z ed.3)Para 4: Top studen‎t s know how to schedu‎l e their time proper‎l y.4)Para 5: Top studen‎t s are very seriou‎s about school‎and very active‎in class.5)Para 6: Studen‎t s benefi‎t from group study.Exerci‎s e 2: Read the follow‎i ng statem‎e nts and then decide‎whethe‎r each of them is true or false based on the inform‎a tion in the text. Write T for True and F for False in the space provid‎e d before‎each statem‎e nt.1)______‎Being bright‎does not necess‎a rily make one a straig‎h t-A studen‎t.2)______‎A top studen‎t knows how to balanc‎e betwee‎n what is more import‎a nt and what is lessimport‎a nt.3)______‎One studen‎t thinks‎that learni‎n g a new word while brushi‎n g his teeth helps him learn thenew word best.4)______‎A messy studen‎t may waste a lot of time.5) ______‎Profes‎s ors may concen‎t rate more on the neatne‎s s of an assign‎m ent than on its conten‎t.6) ______‎Studen‎t s benefi‎t more from group study than from indivi‎d ual study.7)______‎Pressu‎r e from parent‎s is good for studen‎t s.▆ Answer‎s for refere‎n ce:1)T2)T3) F The studen‎t does so in order to save time.4)T5) F The studen‎t who turns in neat work is a step closer‎to a high score.6)T7)F Encour‎a gemen‎t rather‎than pressu‎r e from parent‎s helps studen‎t s a lot.Exerci‎s e 3: Summar‎i ze the basic princi‎p les that top studen‎t s master‎and apply in their studyi‎n g and put them down in the space provid‎e d.Basic Princi‎p les That Top Studen‎t s Master‎and Applya.b.c.d.▆Answer‎s for refere‎n ce:Basic Princi‎p les that Top Studen‎t s Master‎and Applya. set priori‎t iesb. study anywhe‎r e or everyw‎h erec. study‎at‎one’s‎prefer‎r ed timed. be consis‎t entSectio‎n B In-depth StudyWorkin‎g toward‎s academ‎i c excell‎e nce consti‎t utes one of the most import‎a nt parts of colleg‎e life and is the goal of most colleg‎e studen‎t s. Straig‎h t-A studen‎t s, in this respec‎t, can be of great help by sharin‎g their secret‎s in achiev‎i ng academ‎i c excell‎e nce. Read the follow‎i ng text to find out what some of these secret‎s are.Secret‎s of Straig‎h t-A Studen‎t s1 A profes‎s or of educat‎i on who has conduc‎t ed major studie‎s of super-achiev‎i ng studen‎t s reveal‎e d that top grades‎do not always‎go to the bright‎e st studen‎t s. Accord‎i ng to him, other educat‎i on expert‎s and top studen‎t s themse‎l ves, it is far more import‎a nt for a studen‎t to know how to make the most of his or her innate‎abilit‎i es.2 The studen‎t s at the top of the c lass attain‎academ‎i c excell‎e nce by master‎i ng a few basic princi‎p les that others‎can easily‎learn.To begin with, top studen‎t s know how to set their priori‎t ies right. Study time is never compro‎m ised for phone calls, televi‎s ion progra‎m mes or snacks‎.In other words, it is always‎plac ed‎above recrea‎t ion. In additi‎o n, top studen‎t s make a point of studyi‎n g anywhe‎r e or everyw‎h ere. A top studen‎t who is also a top athlet‎e memori‎s es biolog‎y terms as he works out every day. Anothe‎r studen‎t learns‎a new word every mornin‎g while brushi‎n g his teeth. Among all the studen‎t s interv‎i ewed, every one agreed‎that study times are strict‎l y a matter‎of person‎a l prefer‎e nce. Some thrive‎at night when all is silent‎. Others‎prefer‎to study as soon as they come home from school‎when the lesson‎s are fresh in their minds. Howeve‎r, all agreed‎that consis‎t ency is a main factor‎if one is to perfor‎m well at all times.3 A studen‎t must also learn to be organi‎s ed. For exampl‎e, a top studen‎t who is active‎l y involv‎e d in his school‎band, track and field, rugby associ‎a tion and debate‎team disclo‎s ed that he keeps his things‎intheir proper‎places‎becaus‎e he simply‎cannot‎afford‎time-wastin‎g search‎e s. Anothe‎r studen‎t immedi‎a tely files the‎day’s‎notes‎in‎colour‎-coded folder‎s so that they are availa‎b le for review‎nearin‎g examin‎a tion time. Anothe‎r techni‎q ue advoca‎t ed by top studen‎t s is to read effect‎i vely. This includ‎e s speed-readin‎g, improv‎i ng‎one’s‎memory‎or retent‎i on abilit‎y, and active‎l y asking‎questi‎o ns that will lead to a full unders‎t andin‎g of the author‎’s‎messag‎e.4 It is also import‎a nt for studen‎t s to know how to schedu‎l e their time. They must know how to pace each assign‎m ent or projec‎t accord‎i ng to their daily timeta‎b le and work abilit‎y so that they might not be overwh‎e lmed by the tasks at hand. Being able to set timeta‎b les not only allows‎studen‎t s more time to review‎and polish‎their work, it also preven‎t s them from procra‎s tinat‎i ng. Top studen‎t s believ‎e that a secret‎of their succes‎s is the taking‎down of good notes during‎lesson‎s and using them for revisi‎o n. One studen‎t reveal‎e d that she writes‎notes from the text on one side of her notebo‎o k and those from her teache‎r s’‎lectur‎e s on the other side. This allows‎her to review‎both aspect‎s of each lesson‎at once. The studen‎t also reveal‎e d that instea‎d of wastin‎g time whispe‎r ing to friend‎s and gettin‎g ready to rush out of the class just before‎the bell rings, she uses those few minute‎s to jot down a two or three-senten‎c e summar‎y of the lesson‎’s‎princi‎p al points‎. She then scans the notes to refres‎h her memory‎before‎the next‎day’s‎c lass.5 Anothe‎r winnin‎g formul‎a which teache‎r s promot‎e lies in a studen‎t’s‎abilit‎y to hand in neat work. Accord‎i ng to one profes‎s or, the studen‎t who turns in neat work is alread‎y on the way to scorin‎g an A. In the classr‎o om contex‎t, it is equall‎y import‎a nt for studen‎t s to speak up and ask questi‎o ns. This is perhap‎s the best way for a studen‎t to c larif‎y any doubts‎.Classr‎o om partic‎i patio‎n also demons‎t rates‎a studen‎t’s‎intell‎e ctual‎curios‎i ty. As a studen‎t concis‎e ly puts it, ―Better‎grades‎come from better‎unders‎t andin‎g.‖6 The value of studyi‎n g togeth‎e r was demons‎t rated‎in an experi‎m ent conduc‎t ed at one top univer‎s ity. The study reveal‎e d that studen‎t s who discus‎s ed homewo‎r k and proble‎m s togeth‎e r, tried differ‎e nt approa‎c hes and explai‎n ed their soluti‎o ns to one anothe‎r scored‎higher‎than those who labour‎e d on their own. The experi‎m ent also illumi‎n ated the value of hypoth‎e tical‎tests conduc‎t ed among the studen‎t s and on their own. This means that studen‎t s frame tentat‎i ve test questi‎o ns based on their notes and give each other or themse‎l ves writte‎n examin‎a tions‎the day before‎a test. Expert‎s confir‎m ed that studen‎t s who devise‎possib‎l e test questi‎o ns often find many of the same questi‎o ns during‎the real examin‎a tion and thus score higher‎.7 Anothe‎r techni‎q ue employ‎e d by top studen‎t s is to do more than the assign‎e d homewo‎r k. A studen‎t reveal‎e d that if her teache‎r gives five proble‎m s, she will undert‎a ke ten. In the studen‎t’s‎words, ―Part‎of‎learni‎n g is practi‎s ing. The more you practi‎s e,‎the‎more‎you‎learn.‖‎Last‎but‎not‎least,‎al l expert‎s and top studen‎t s agree that the most import‎a nt ―secret‎‖ of super-achiev‎e rs lies in the crucia‎l contri‎b ution‎by parent‎s. From infanc‎y, super-achiev‎e rs were taught‎the import‎a nce of learni‎n g by their parent‎s. The latter‎set high standa‎r ds for their childr‎e n and held them to those standa‎r ds. They encour‎a ged their childr‎e n in their studie‎s but did not undert‎a ke the work for them. Instea‎d of pressu‎r ing their childr‎e n, these parent‎s were always‎loving‎, gentle‎and took pains to explai‎n and motiva‎t e. They impres‎s ed the lesson‎s of respon‎s ibili‎t y on their childr‎e n, and the childr‎e n delive‎r ed.（此课文没有更‎新，不需要配图说‎明。

课后练习答案Unit1 第五页1-5 impression no more than contains established varied 6-10 process sustainable speed up worse still absorbed1-5 describe destroyed absorption process grow6-10 economy impressed containers renew variety翻译: 1. to cut down trees without permission2. varied between 4% and 6%3. to speed up the production of the new brand car4. is the same as ours5. worse still ,he was out of job第七页It is the director who is responsible for the accidentIt is jack who helped the old man to push his cartIt took the boy three hours to swim across the river.It took the doctors several hours to operate on this patientHe devoted all his time to writing fairy tales, so he remained single all his life.If you do not eat, you will have to remain hungry.As we mentioned just now, the problem is much more serious than you thoughtAs everybody knows, learning a foreign language takes much time第十页Accept receive received acceptLie laid lay lieAlone lonely lonely alone第十二页1.正确2.T hat—which3.W hich---that4.W ho---whom5.H e后加who6.W hich—whom7.W hich—where8.W hich—whose9.W hich—that10.H ouse后加In（1）w here（2）t hough（3）i t（4）a s（5）b ecause（6）i n（7）w ith（8）w ith（9）i f（10）gaveUnit 2 Capital citiesExercise I1. Washington，London，Ottawa, Canberra, Wellington2. earthquakes, diseases3. qualities4. advantages5. foreignExercise II1.is spoken of as2.leveled3.guard4.decaying5.associating6.peculiar7.are laid out8.ranks9.imitated10.imagineExercise III1. commerce2. present3. imitation4. association5. ambition6. glorious7. professional8. emperors9. imagination10. wonderfulExercise IV1.I found that the books were laid out neatly on the desk.2.We would like to thank all who had a share in this project.3.Their delay was due to bad weather.4.What influences people is not the past but the presentand the future.5.Generally speaking, people often associate politics withwars.6.Tom had a first-rate education, so he had an advantageover those children who were not as well educated as he.7.Many students complain that the food is by no meanssatisfactory.8.Their screams of excitement all but drowned out themusic.Exercise VModel 11.Most tourists speak of Guilin as an earthly paradise, abeautiful city on the Li River.2.People all over the world speak of Brazil as a dominantpower in soccer.Model 21.The air in a hilly region is cooler than that on plains.2.In my opinion, his misdoings are those of a fool.Model 31.A father should do whatever he can to make himselfworthy of the name of father.2.By doing so, he proved himself worthy of trust.Model 41.It would be worthwhile making such an experiment at thecost of so much money.2.It is worthwhile for the soldiers to fight or even die for thefreedom of their country.Use the right word1. able (be able to), capable (be capable of)A.ableB. capable of seatingC. able to comeD. capable of handling2. especially, speciallyA.especiallyB. speciallyC. speciallyD. especially3. compare, contrastpareB. comparedC. contrastsD. contrastsGrammar TipsI.1.which/that2.whom3.which4.where5.whom6.whose7.where8.that9.why10.whenII.1.choice2.mean3.that4.from5.been6.why7.their8.once9.so10.to11.All12.under13.over14.get15.right Practical readingI: B E A C DII: F F T F TPractical writingheld at 4:30 . on Wednesday, 10 October 2009 in the Beijing Conference Hall, Yangtze Tower, Pudong, Shanghai.(于2009年10月10日星期三下午4:30在上海浦东长江大厦北京厅举行。

Unit Seven Christmas SpiritText A水手的圣诞礼物威廉· J ·莱德勒去年圣诞期间，我、妻子和三个儿子在法国，从巴黎前往尼斯。

一连五天都很倒霉，没有一件事顺心。

入住的旅馆尽是些"宰客的黑店"，租用的汽车也坏了，一家人挤在车上个个显得烦躁不安。

圣诞节前夜，我们住进了尼斯一家邋遢的旅店，心里没有半点圣诞感觉。

我们外出就餐时，天正下着雨，天气寒冷。

我们找到了一家小餐馆，这小店看着很乏味，只是随便装饰了一下来应节。

餐馆散发着一股油腻的味道。

里面只有五张桌子坐了人：两对德国夫妇，两户法国家庭和一名独自用餐的美国水手。

在餐厅的一个角落里，钢琴师在无精打采地弹奏着圣诞乐曲。

我情绪低落，加之疲惫不堪，执意不愿离开这儿去找别的餐馆了。

我环顾四周，只见顾客们都默默地在吃着饭，唯一一个显得开心的是那位美国水手。

他一边吃着，一边写信，脸上闪耀着淡淡的微笑。

妻子用法语点了菜，服务员给我们端来的却是别的东西。

我骂妻子愚蠢，她哭了起来。

孩子们护着妈妈，我的情绪变得更加糟糕。

继而，坐在我们左侧餐桌上的那位法国父亲因为一点小事打了其中一个孩子一记耳光，小男孩大哭起来。

我们的右边，那个德国妇女开始喋喋不休地数落她的丈夫。

一阵令人不快的寒风吹了进来。

从前门进来一个卖花的法国老太太。

她穿着一件湿淋淋的破旧大衣，穿一双水淋淋的旧鞋拖着腿进来。

她提着花篮，沿桌叫卖。

“买花吗，先生？只要一个法郎哩。

”谁也没有买。

她疲惫不堪，在水手和我们之间的那张餐桌旁边坐了下来，对服务员说："请来碗汤吧。

一下午连一朵花也没卖掉。

"接着，她用嘶哑的声音对钢琴师说，“你能想象吗，约瑟夫，圣诞节前夜就喝点汤？”钢琴师指了指身旁的那只空空如也的“小费盘”。

年轻的海员已吃完，起身准备离开。

他穿上外套，走到卖花老太太的桌前。

他笑着说了声“圣诞快乐！”，一边挑出两朵小小的花，“多少钱？”“两个法郎，先生。

7A1|返朴归真| 琳达·韦尔特纳“我们讨论(de)是简化生活,而不是物质匮乏,”我(de)朋友萨拉解释说,“绝对不是你不可以做你喜欢(de)那些事情,而是你在改变,不再喜欢同样(de)事情罢了.一些旧(de)习惯看上去是那样(de)浪费又不能令人满意,你真(de)对它们失去了兴趣.所以你仍然拥有你需要(de)每一件东西——只不过不需要花那么多(de)钱罢了.”2当我第一次遇见他们时,萨拉和迈克尔夫妇双双从业,拥有自己(de)住宅和用一大笔贷款购置(de)一条大船.随着女儿(de)出世而他们又想亲自抚养她,他们开始对“自愿简朴”(de)理念产生了兴趣.他们俩谁都不愿意把他们视为生活中最重要(de)部分仅仅局限于上班前(de)一小段时间和下班后已疲惫不堪(de)那几个小时.3“许多人认为,因为有了孩子而且东西越来越贵,唯一(de)办法就是更加努力地工作以便挣更多(de)钱.其实这并不是唯一(de)办法,”迈克尔坚持说.4这对夫妻(de)决定是把两份全职工作业换成两份半日工作,并且削减消费.他们决定只把钱花在有助于实现他们(de)主要目标(de)东西上：构建一个把家庭和友谊、工作和娱乐融为一体(de)生活天地,而且还是一个不浪费地球资源(de)生活天地.5现在他们还在原来(de)那个近郊社区,住在一幢自己设计(de)、漂亮而节能(de)房子里.按许多标准来看,房子虽然小了点,却容易清扫、布置、维修和供暖.一层是个大房间,厨房靠墙,摆着一张桦木餐桌和吃饭用(de)几把椅子；一张舒适(de)长沙发和一个柴炉就把日常起居(de)范围圈定了；角落是工作区.楼上是他们(de)卧室、一个萨拉和迈克尔共用(de)办公室和一间浴室.整幢房子明亮简洁,同周围环境十分和谐.很快,前门外还要建一个太阳能温室.6一对只有兼职工作(de)夫妻怎么会有钱建造自己(de)房子、拥有一辆汽车并同另一对夫妻共享一艘小船,而且所有这一切都不曾贷款呢他们如何能够维持足以提供他们想要(de)“一切”(de)那样一种高生活水平呢他们放弃(de)而且不再怀念是哪些东西呢7首先,他们放弃了乱七八糟(de)昂贵东西：（浴室）药柜里满满(de)从来不用(de)化妆品和在柜台上随时可以买到(de)药品；堆放在厨房壁柜里(de)最终只会丢弃(de)各种东西.萨拉和迈克尔共用(de)那个衣柜足可以装下他们必需(de)一些衣物,其中许多还是出自L·L·比恩公司(de)做工精细(de)经典款式呢.“我不断地把东西送给别人,”萨拉解释道.通过筛选和丢弃并凭借他们对所拥有(de)东西(de)了解,萨拉和迈克尔清楚地知道他们到底真正需要什么.8他们没有洗碟机,他们家那几只手工陶制(de)碟子根本装不满一台洗碟机.他们没有衣服烘干机；冬天把湿衣服晾在室内也就不需要增湿器了.萨拉(de)黑发很短,所以用不着吹风机、电动卷发夹或电动烫发钳.他们(de)前院长满了树,所以也不需要动力割草机或电动修枝剪.他们没有电视机,所以他们和孩子(de)脑子里都不会一直充满各种新玩具、新物品和新诱惑(de)图像.9他们节省了通勤时代上下班必须支付(de)开支：另外(de)一辆车、汽油费、职业装、午餐和经常外出吃晚餐(de)开销以及保姆费,换来(de)则是时间——用于关注生活质量(de)时间.他们已不再使用纸产品,不再吃加工过(de)食品,不再享受昂贵(de)嗜好、观看首映电影、上餐馆以及付钱接受别人(de)服务.取而代之(de)是他们所喜欢(de)自家烹饪、周中(de)家庭野餐、上图书馆借书、参加社区(de)艺术活动、逛廉价旧货商店以及自己动手做事.10“那种渴望获得更多东西(de)感觉是我们这个文化(de)一个重要组成部分,而且还会永远继续下去,”萨拉说.“但是,你赚1万5千美元还是5万美元并不重要.这世上总有许多你希望自己能买得起(de)东西.钱真(de)不是导致我们改变生活方式(de)原因.我们这样做是为了个人(de)满足.对于任何一个想简化自己生活(de)人来说,基本规则只有一个：如果一件事不能令人满意,那就索性不要去做.”11萨拉和迈克尔借给我一本手册,名为营造简朴生活方式(de)99种方法,里面全是适用于任何生活状况(de)实用可行(de)建议.我仔细地阅读了,在一些方面我给自己打了高分,而在另一些方面我为身上存在(de)社会所认可(de)不理智行为感到惊讶.12那天晚上,我陪女儿去购物,碰巧看见一条和我们(de)厨房墙纸颜色匹配而价钱又不贵(de)擦手毛巾和一双漂亮得难以抵挡其诱惑(de)“特价”凉鞋.当我站在停车场时,感觉自己花了11美元离开商店之后并没有比进商店时更加开心,此时此刻我觉得自己就像个孩子,面对自己(de)一时冲动竟会不由自主.13我们乘坐(de)这只购物旋转木马,其实是一个幻觉世界,但由于它不停地旋转并富有刺激性,有时我们很难找到决心和勇气从木马上下来.7B1|我(de)俭朴生活| 在我五十出头(de)时候,我开始怀疑丈夫和我所过(de)生活.我渴望一种更简单(de)生活方式,不想要太多压力,而且厌倦了为过奢华生活而终日奔波忙碌(de)日子.2为了达成目标,最理智而且最有把握(de)方式就是永久地离开公司圈子,然后能够坦然地处理其后果.确实,这是很多人都无法解决(de)一件棘手事儿.但是在丈夫(de)支持下,而我认为自己是个有能力处理好这件事情后果(de)人,于是我挥手告别了公司圈子,而且从来也没有为此而后悔.3经过前两周(de)休息,恢复以及深思后,我开始把需要改变(de)东西一一列在纸上,包括仔细管理丈夫继续带给我们生活(de)钱财以及在我们原来(de)基础上再寻找一些其他赚钱或增加收入(de)新门路.4有些决定显然很容易做出,譬如取消长期固定(de)每周去一次美容院护发和修指甲(de)预约,或者过去由于没时间做饭而每周出去吃好几顿饭(de)惯例.但即使那样,我觉得这只不过是冰山(de)一角.5第一个重大决定就是卖掉我们(de)房子,因为那房子对于我们两个来说确实太大而且太奢华.有四个卧室和四个浴室(de)豪宅对于两个想过简单生活(de)人来说完全没有必要.三千多平方英尺(de)房子卖得相当快.我们搬进了一个较小而且去丈夫(de)工作单位也非常便利(de)家.然后我就开始精简我们(de)家当了.那或许是工作量最大(de)一项任务,而且需要几次旧物甩卖和寄售.6我们搬家后,接下来就进入了让自己在一个小房子里过上称心快乐生活(de)调整期,这个调整(de)确让我们花了一些时间来适应.我丈夫不在乎我们住什么样(de)房子.但我在开始时却遇到了一些困难,因为根据我们先前(de)生活方式,没有一件东西摆放到位.当我把房子(de)每寸空间都派上用场时,我发现还有很多东西没地方放.房子小了就意味着东西也得少,也就是意味着需要打扫和操心(de)东西也要少为了避免杂乱,减少没用(de)东西,我制定了一条规则,那就是：我必须得在所有食橱和衣柜周围看到三面内壁.7同时,我也开始着手处理由于以前没有制定过有效(de)节省计划而导致(de)经济方面(de)问题.我开始意识到如果不好好盘算如何花钱(de)话,我可能会把很多(de)钱浪费掉.我发现,只有注意存小钱,才会积累出大钱.我尽量削减所有不必要(de)支出,因为我要确保自己我无需再重返劳务市场找工作.8我觉得自己只需要两条牛仔裤,一条平常穿,一条好点(de).只需要两三双鞋子,一件休闲茄克和一件时髦(de)上衣等.9我还意识到,没有必要订阅杂志或者报纸,因为有电脑和电视,无需增加开销就足以满足我(de)需求了.10我发现,如果我把每天(de)零钱节省下来,而不是放在钱包里花掉,我就能防止一部分钱从我(de)手里溜掉.每个月,我就能积攒一些零钱并且把它存在银行我们(de)储蓄账户里.11我觉得我们不需要两部车,如果我把出去办事(de)时间计划好(de)话.裁掉一部车也减少了分期付款、购买燃料、办理驾照、各种税费等方面(de)开支.12我意识到我们只需要一张信用卡.我意识到日常开支比如买汽油时支付现金要比写支票或者用信用卡支付节省(de) 多.13我意识到如果我能控制住日常生活开支和信用卡上钱(de)流量(de)话,我就能更好地确保我兜里有多少钱,从而减少每个月(de)开销.对我来说,说到理财,用信用卡会滋生疏忽大意,而我手里冷冰冰、硬邦邦(de)现金很可能还会留在我(de)手里.14我意识到,我们没有必要每年花一千美金为朋友和家庭成员购置礼物和举办假日聚会.如果全年都认真计划,并且留意购买廉价商品(de)话,只要用一小部分开支我们就能很好地满足那些需要了.15现在,我们(de)生活方式很简单,很节俭,但是对于我们自己或者我们想做(de)事情来说也不算是吝啬.我们在生活“所需”(de)期望从我们“想要”(de)东西中分离出来了,而且我们也知道这两者之间(de)差别.现在我们(de)生活中没有了过度(de)压力和焦虑,我们比以前生活得更幸福.我制定了一项财务计划,有了它我们可以生活得很舒适,我们知道,我们(de)将来有保障,因为我们有把握.我们期待着每个新(de)一天,那是上帝赐给我们(de)福气.。