江苏高考任务型阅读解题策略教案设计

江苏省高考英语任务型阅读解题技巧考点一考查考生的阅读理解能力阅读理解能力是高考试题的主要考查内容。

除了阅读理解题型外,完形填空和任务型读写题型也都兼具考查考生的阅读理解能力。

任务型读写题中的阅读能力同样要求考生在有限的时间内快速领会文章的主旨大意，快速理解句段细节意义和理清上下文的逻辑关系，要能够理解文章作者的观点、态度和意图，同时不能忽视对语篇的整体把握和领悟。

任务型读写的体裁主要是说明文和议论文.考点二考查考生对文中有效信息进行筛选、整合和综合概括能力.1．信息筛选题信息筛选题是基础题目，一般可以直接通过将表格和短文进行对照,边读文章边找出与试题相关的句子信息，获取到相关单词，有时试题和原文句型句式不同，需进行简单的逻辑推理然后找到相应单词，不需变化,直接填入.2．整合转换题.整合转换题是典型的二次加工题型，需要考生有基本的构词法知识，对句子成分和词性的对应关系要明确.做题时，不但要找到与试题相关的句子信息,还要根据词法和句法知识以及上下文的逻辑关系进行加工，从而提炼出新词。

可细分为如下两种情况：（1）词形整合转换。

被考查单词在原文和试题中充当的句子成分不同，因而需在名词、动词、形容词、副词等之间进行转换。

（2）句型整合转换.试题中的被考查单词在原文中找不到同根词，无法获取单词进行转换，需根据原文中相应句子的意义和上下文逻辑联系进行句型转换。

①表格内词性、大小写和语法运用上要保持一致.同一单元格要注意在用词方面保持一致的格式。

②善用同义词和反义词进行转换。

③正确使用构词法。

④熟练运用语法句型转换。

3．综合概括题。

综合概括题要求考生对全文或段落进行总体语篇把握，通过观察表格的设置特点，从而归纳和概括出所考查的单词。

此类设题一般位于表格的第一行或第一列。

为了更快捷地掌握概括能力,总结和熟记一些概括性词汇及其固定搭配也是很有必要的。

下面举一些基本的概括性词汇：总结、概括：conclusion, summary建议：suggestion, tip， advice, proposal, recommendation 影响：effect， influence， impact 印象:impression因果：reason, cause; result, consequence1．审题思路（1）一审表格结构。

英语任务型阅读策略指导作者：翁登天来源：《校园英语·月末》2019年第04期江苏高考英语试题任务型阅读，关注话题集中在文化教育、科学技术、饮食健康等方面。

在体裁上，议论文和说明文多。

该体型既考查学生的单词拼写能力，也考查语篇分析能力。

应对该题型，考生既需解剖文章“脉络”，即文章的结构框架，又要注重思维，深层挖掘语言背后意义。

任务型阅读要求考生清楚地把握整篇文章结构，分析作者观点和意图，进行准确表达。

获得直接信息，分析、总结信息，并转换信息，对考生完成任务至关重要。

考生答题时，宜遵循步骤：1.读懂短文，了解大意。

读懂短文是答题基础，读懂短文，才可能在表格中作答。

考生要特别重视小标题，它通常是段落主题句。

2.探索思路，加深理解。

理清短文结构，探索写作思路。

此外，短文的结构往往也是命题线索，表格项目依赖篇章结构而设计。

3.条分缕析，确定答案。

分析、理顺表格线索后，根据已有的表格内容提示来确定短文表格的设计线索，确定正确答案。

答题时，务必遵循“先易后难，各个击破”原则，切忌在个别选项上耗费过多时间。

4.规范书写，注重词形。

考生切忌因大小写或抄写错误而扣分。

另外，还要注意词性的变化和词形的正确选择，尤其关注名词的性、数、格;动词的过去式、过去分词和现在分词;动词的第三人称单数;形容词比较级和最高级等。

一、2016年江苏高考卷题型篇章分析把握全文结构有利于完成填空任务。

全文分为五段。

第一段以义肢为喻，指出他人认识可增进我们智力认识、调节情绪，正如义肢可以助益身体有缺陷之人。

本段末句承接下文，指出互联网扩展个人认识。

第二至三段分析因特网对人们助益之处，分别从记忆、判断方面进行论述。

第四、五段也指出了互联网对人们的影响（effects），分别从便利生活与消极影响方面进行论述，即upside， downside。

二、解题策略考生答题时，宜首先尝试阅读任务型阅读表格，而非原文，迅速把握文章篇章结构，在短时间內平静情绪，从而可以迅速在原文中定位。

江苏省下考英语任务型阅读解题本发之阳早格格创做考面一考覆按死的阅读明白本发阅读明白本发是下考查题的主要考查真量.除了阅读明白题型中，完形挖空战任务型读写题型也皆兼具考覆按死的阅读明白本发.任务型读写题中的阅读本发共样央供考死正在有限的时间内赶快发会文章的主旨大意，赶快明白句段细节意义战理浑上下文的逻辑闭系，要不妨明白文章做家的瞅面、做风战企图，共时出有克出有及轻视对于语篇的完齐掌控战发会.任务型读写的体裁主假如证明文战议论文.考面二考覆按死对于文中灵验疑息举止筛选、调整战综合综合本发.1．疑息筛选题疑息筛选题是前提题目，普遍不妨曲交通过将表格战漫笔举止对于照，边读文章边找出与试题相闭的句子疑息，获与到相闭单词汇，偶尔试题战本文句型句式分歧，需举止简朴的逻辑推理而后找到相映单词汇，出有需变更，曲交挖进. 2．调整变换题.调整变换题是典型的二次加工题型，需要考死有基础的构词汇法知识，对于句子身分战词汇性的对于应闭系要精确.干题时，出有单要找到与试题相闭的句子疑息，还要根据词汇法战句法知识以及上下文的逻辑闭系举止加工，进而提与出新词汇.可细分为如下二种情况：（1）词汇形调整变换.被考查单词汇正在本文战试题中充当的句子身分分歧，果而需正在名词汇、动词汇、形容词汇、副词汇等之间举止变换.（2）句型调整变换.试题中的被考查单词汇正在本文中找出有到共根词汇，无法获与单词汇举止变换，需根据本文中相映句子的意义战上下文逻辑通联举止句型变换.①表格内词汇性、大小写战语法使用上要脆持普遍.共一单元格要注意正在用词汇圆里脆持普遍的要发.②擅用共义词汇战反义词汇举止变换.③精确使用构词汇法.④流利使用语法句型变换.3．综合综合题.综合综合题央供考死对于齐文或者段降举止总体语篇掌控，通过瞅察表格的树坐特性，进而归纳战综合出所考查的单词汇.此类设题普遍位于表格的第一止或者第一列.为了更快速天掌握综合本发，归纳战死记一些综合性词汇汇及其牢固拆配也是很有需要的.底下举一些基础的综合性词汇汇：归纳、综合：conclusion, summary提议：suggestion, tip, advice, proposal, recommendation 效率：effect, influence, impact 影像：impression果果：reason, cause; result, consequence1．审题思路（1）一审表格结构.注意文章真量脉络，题目战所需的表白典型.（2）二审漫笔意义.注意文章的段降战表格的匹性.（3）三审语法使用.注意波及到的构词汇法战语法名目.2．词汇性与句子身分的普遍性闭系英语中的十大词汇类均正在句子中充当身分，记着词汇性与身分闭系：（1）谓语：动词汇（具备人称、数、时态、语态、语气、情态的变更特面）.记着：英语中所有完备的句子皆离出有启谓语动词汇，出谓语动词汇的句子常常是过失的.（2）主语战宾语：名词汇、代词汇、数词汇、动名词汇、出有定式战从句.（3）表格战补语：名词汇、代词汇、数词汇、形容词汇、介词汇短语、非建饰性副词汇、非谓语形式战从句.（4）定语：名词汇及其所有格、代词汇、数词汇、形容词汇、副词汇、非谓语形式战从句.（5）状语：副词汇、形容词汇、出有定式、分词汇战从句. （6）共位语：名词汇、代词汇、动名词汇、出有定式战从句.千万记着以上六条，其余切记：（1）“the+形容词汇”可转移为名词汇表示一类人/物.（2）形容词汇充当状语只表示主语特性战状态，出有建饰谓语动词汇；建饰谓语动词汇用副词汇.He got home at last, tired and hungry. He was lying on the gras s, relaxed. He sings happily.（3）能交宾语的惟有及物动词汇战介词汇，形成动宾战介宾结构.（4）主、谓、宾、表、补语是句子的基础身分，出有成或者缺；定、状、共位语是建饰身分，缺少时基础句型依旧创造.3．句型变换形式例道调整变换题需要正在本文战表格设题句之间举止共义或者反义变换，英语中一种意义的共义战反义的表白往往有很多，或者是单词汇、短语、句型之间的变换使用，或者是词汇法战句法上的变换表白.需要通常举止洪量的影象聚集战变换锻炼.（1）单词汇、短语、句型①引导：cause, lead to, contribute to, result in, bring about②扮演：act, play, perform, give/ put a performance, play a part/ role in, s how成败：success, achievement, victory, triumph: failure, defeat 利弊：advantage; disadvantage同共：difference, distinction; the same, similarity, equality便宜：advantage, strong point, strength, virtue缺面：disadvantage, shortcoming, weakness, drawback便宜、佳处：good, benefit, interest, profit, gain过失：mistake, error, fault本量、本量：quantity, amount, number数量：quantity, amount, number手段：purpose, aim, goal, objective要发：way, means, method, approach, solution, manner步伐：measure, action止为、活动：action, behavior, conduct, activity步调：step, stage, process, procedure频次、频度：frequency, rate程度：degree, level, extent瞅面、意睹：opinion, view, point of view, viewpoint, standpoint 设念：idea, thought, thinking（无）意识：(un)awareness, (un)consciousness本理、准则、顺序：theory, principle, law意义：significance, meaning, sense价格：value做风：attitude, manner感觉：feeling, emotion, motivation共意、正里：agreement, pros, approval, positive, favor, support 阻挡于、反里：disagreement, cons, negative, opposite, contrary, opposition, obj ection央供、需要：demand, need, requirement, request, desire, claim 问题：question, problem, issue问案：answer, key, solution, result反应：response, reaction变更：change比较：comparison, contrast评介：feature, character, characteristic特性：feature, character, characteristic种类：kind, sort, type, style, form, category, variety, class, description 等第：grade, rank, degree, class风雅、习惯：custom, manner, practice, habit中心、话题：theme, subject, topic题目：title, headline, heading效率、功能：use, usage, function闭系、通联：relation, relationship, connection, touch, link, contact根源、履历：origin, history, source究竟、现真：fact, reality, actuality准则、确定：rule, regulation情况、情景：things, status, situation, condition, case, circumstance, state证明：explanation, statement, description, instruction, direction 介绍：introduction, presentation定义：definition形貌性词汇汇：length, height, width, depth, distance, weight, size, color, look, a ppearance, shape, rate, speed, age, sex, price。

A Teaching Plan of the Task-based Reading Step 1 Types of Task-based readingStep 2 Methods of Task-based reading观察表格，判断词性1. 2.寻找出处，对号入座整合信息，分析归纳3. 4.判断用词，准确表达通观全文，复读检查5.Step 3 Before reading观察表格，判断词性Change BlindnessChange blindness is a surprising perceptual phenomenon that occurs when a1. _________ ofperson recognizes minor changes in scenes while large changes go 2.change blindness________.●The main 3. ________ of early experiments was memory and perception.Experiments with●Individuals were found to be 4. _________ at recalling the smaller detailschange blindness in the same picture previously shown to them.●In Simons' study, participants were asked to pay special attention to the 5.__________ basketball, during which time a man wearing a gorilla suitunexpectedly walked through the scene.Research in the ●Contrary to popular belief, with their attention fixed on the basketball,1990s many participants reported that the “gorilla”6. _________ their notice.●It is concluded that participants fail to recognize something big butunrelated to the objective when their brains are programmed to consider sometask as a top 7. ____________.The brain makes 9. _________ about what to be dealt with because of its8.________oflimited capacity.change blindnesAlthough attention is closely 10. _________ to change blindness, age andhealth are other factors that play a role.Step 4 While readingⅠ. 寻找出处，对号入座New research says 35 percent of child deaths worldwide are caused by hunger. The research comes from poor to middle-income countries in Africa, Asia and Latin America.Title: A new researchTheme __________ is children's biggest killer.Ⅱ. 整合信息，分析归纳Practice 1: Part of speech/ formation词性/词形转换⑴Be responsible for your own learning.→Take _______________ for one's own learning.⑵The fourth step is to summarize what you've heard.→Give a _______________ of what the person has said.⑶Without vitamin B, we could be weak and would not grow fast.→The problems caused by lack of vitamin B are _____________ and slow growth.Practice 2: Synonym and antonym同义词和反义词转换⑴Understanding is usually achieved and a difficult person becomes less difficult and more cooperative.→ A difficult person will be ____________ to cooperate with if understanding is achieved.⑵ A growing number of parents are travelling abroad with kids.→There is an _____________ number of families travelling abroad with kids.⑶Children act more like adults than they used to.→Children today ____________ as if they were adults.Practice 3: Prefix and suffix前缀和后缀转换⑴Many people lost their houses.→Many people became ___________.⑵Floating garbage, old tires, pieces of paper, pop cans and bottles are not pleasant to look at.→It can be ____________ to look at but easy to clean and prevent.⑶The lady was not happy.→The lady was _________.句子结构转换Practice 4: Sentence structure69% of the people who are involved in the survey are strongly in favor of the holiday proposal. ⑴69% of the people _________ in the survey are strongly in favor of the holiday proposal. →ll find it is of high quality. If you compare this bag with others, you'⑵ll find it is of high quality. ' ___________ this bag with others, you→In most countries, an exchange of business cards is necessary for all introductions. ⑶Exchanging business cards when _____________ yourself. →Practice 5: Paraphrase信息释义He finally managed to find an apartment near his office. ⑴He finally __________ in finding an apartment near his office. →Change blindness is a phenomenon that occurs when a person is unable to notice visual changes in ⑵his/her environment, despite the fact that he/she is often rather obvious.recognizes a person that occurs when Change blindness is a surprising perceptual phenomenon →minor changes in scenes while large changes go ___________.study, he asked participants to watch a video of a basketball being passed around between s' In Simon⑶several people, with a particular focus on the basketball itself.basketball, __________ to the pay were asked to special attention Simon→In s' study, participants during which time a man wearing a gorilla suit unexpectedly walked through the scene.判断用词，准确表达Ⅲ.信息归纳题1.归纳词的特征：常用高频词汇总结⑴Title: Change Blindness常用高频词汇总结⑵playing, deaths 10 of six Because out every accidental happen are children toChinese whoShanghai Johnson & Johnson Pharmaceutical (SJJP), a US-based pharmaceutical giant, is working on a Safe Kids Program to prevent injuries and deaths.Title: Safe kids program常用高频词汇总结⑶Most scientists are now certain that global warming is taking place. Gases such as carbon dioxide produced by burning of coal, oil, wood, together with industrial pollution, are creating a warm blanket around the earth. This blanket is trapping heat in the atmosphere and so raising the temperature of the earth.Title: Global warming常用高频词汇总结⑷Cathy Moulton from Diabetes UK suggests that people with diabetes do a minimum of 30 minutesof appropriate physical activity on at least five days of the week.Title: Tai Chi helps control diabetes⑸常用高频词汇总结Doctor Black He says the studies show that food programs need to place the greatest importance onthe first two years of life. It is high time their diets were improved. Diets should include foods rich in could this as say and and vitamin A other useful vitamins minerals. The researchers early help such reduce child deaths by 25%.Title: A new research⑹常用高频词汇总结Without proper planning, tourism can cause problems. For example, too many tourists can crowdpublic places that are also enjoyed by the inhabitants of a country. If tourists create too much traffic, the常用信息归纳词汇theme(s)/topic(s)/subject(s) 主题measure(s)/step(s)/action 措施，行动定义强弱优劣因果difference(s), similarity(ies)异同optimistic/pessimistic; optimism/pessimism 乐观与悲观Step 5 Reading strategy排列正确的顺序定位信息；分析表格；分析整合信息；选择合适词汇表达；理解文章_________________________________________________________ __Step 6 After reading通观全文，复读检查①大小写要区分；字母书写要规范②单词有无拼写错误③表达形式(单复数；词性；时态；语态)是否符合要求④字迹要清楚端正！卷面要整洁！Step 7 Summaryof doing Task-based reading:Six steps⑴Have an overall understanding of the passage.⑵Find out the key information.⑶Identify and underline the possible words or phrases.⑷Infer from these words and phrases.⑸Make a choice of the words.⑹Make sure to use the correct forms.Step 8 PracticeAWhile there are certainly many more varieties of English, American and British English are the two major ones. The following is meant to point out the differences between them.In British English the present perfect is used to express an action that has occurred in the recentpast that has an effect on the present moment. For example: I've lost my key. Can you help me look for it? In American English: I lost my key. Can you help me look for it?There are two forms to express possession in English. Have or Have got. Have got is generally the preferred form in British English while speakers of American English employ the have.The major differences between British and American English lie in the choice of vocabulary. Some words mean different things in the two varieties for example:Rubber: (American English - condom, British English - tool used to erase pencil markings)Many vocabulary items are also used in one form and not in the other. One of the best examples of this is the terminology used for automobiles. Americans say truck, while British people say lorry.There are also a few differences in preposition use including the following: On the weekend (American English); At the weekend (British English).The following verbs have two acceptable forms of the past participle in both American and British English, however, the irregular form is generally more common in British English and the regular form is more common to American English. Such as, burn, learn, etc.Finally, there are some general differences between British and American spellings: Words endingin -or (American) -our (British) color, colour, humor, humour, flavor, flavour etc. Words ending in -ize (American) -ise (British) recognize, recognise, patronize, patronise etc.1._____________ between British English and American English American EnglishBritish EnglishBYou may think kids are getting more homework than ever before. If so, think again. A new study released by Brookings' Brown Center on Education Policy shows that today's students have no more homework than their parents did when they were in school. Numerous articles and reports over the past few decades have suggested America's schools are overloading kids with more and more homework. But the Brookings study argues the opposite: homework loads have not changed over the past 30 years. The study's author, Tom Loveless, reviewed surveys taken by kids and parents about how much homework young students have. The results showed that the typical elementary student has 30-45 minutes of homework each night. The average high-schooler has about an hour. These numbers have remained the same since 1984.In a set of guidelines published by the National Parent Teacher Association (PTA), the amount oftime students should spent on homework is their grade level multiplied by ten minutes. For example, a third-grader should have 30 minutes of homework, a fifth-grader 50 minutes, and so on. Loveless, who was a sixth-grade teacher in the 1980s, says this system has stayed consistent into the 21st century. One change that occurred over the past three decades, however, is among 9-year-olds—the average age of a third-grader. In 1984, more 9-year-olds had no homework at all, versus today. “What's happened is, there were a number of kids at age 9 who had no homework in 1984, but now that number does have some homework,”Loveless told TFK. “Though it is a little amount of work, it is still an graders.”increase in the amount of time spent on homework for third-Homework is an important part of a student's education. Some teachers argue that homework prepares kids for state tests and for college. They worry that a lighter homework load will put kids at a disadvantage. “Homework has benefits that go well beyond what's going on in school,”says Harris Cooper, a University of Missouri psychology professor who has studied homework's effect on test scores. Kids learn to be organized, manage their time and master new skills without a teacher's help. Teachers give two reasons for assigning a lot of homework. First, they say, the government now requires schools to meet higher-than-ever achievement goals for students. Second, they know many parents want their children to be able to get into the nation's best colleges and universities. These parents believe homework is a way to ensure students are learning at their full capacity.People who favor homework argue that it can have many other beneficial effects. They claim it can help students develop good study habits, and recognize that learning can occur at home as well as at。

解析江苏⾼考任务型阅读2019-06-26⼀、题型设置江苏省从2008年开始将对话填空改为任务型阅读。

⾼考《考试说明》在对“任务型阅读”的解释中给出了两篇⽰例，表格型和树状型。

江苏2008年、2009年和2010年⾼考任务型阅读为表格型；江苏2011年、2012年和2013年⾼考任务型阅读为树状型。

题型要求是根据所读内容在表格中的空格⾥填⼊⼀个最恰当的单词，注意每个空格只填1个单词。

虽然说明中给出的图表形式和答题要求不同，但是我们可以发现在所给出的10个空格中，捕捉信息题（细节，词法）占5个，组织信息题（语境、句法）与综合概括题5个。

因此，信息的捕捉是重点。

此题型要求考⽣具有捕捉信息能⼒、组织信息能⼒和综合概括信息的能⼒。

阅读是由感知、思维、推理、评价、判断、想象和解决问题等⼀系列积极的⼼理活动构成的。

任务型阅读（taskbased reading）主要依赖于“形式图式”的能⼒，⽽“内容图式”和“语⾔图式”起辅助作⽤。

相对传统阅读理解题型，更注重考⽣在语⾔输⼊的基础上加强语⾔输出能⼒的考查，要求对摄取信息进⾏分析、概括、整理、理解并根据需要进⾏综合运⽤。

只有掌握解题规律和技巧，才能逐步提⾼阅读能⼒，快速正确地完成指定任务要求。

任务型阅读的考点设计为：信息筛选题（寻找信息），信息整合题（重组信息），信息概括题（综合信息）三类；完成表格所要填的词具有以下特点：⽂中原词，⽂中词的词形、词性、词义的变化词，重组信息⽤⽂外的词表述同⼀意义的词，以及常见的归纳、概括词。

常见的表⽰概括性的词汇有：1.表⽰意义的significance；2.表⽰类别的type，kind，sort；3.表⽰影响的effect，influence；4.表⽰功能作⽤的function，use；5.表⽰主题的topic，title，theme；6.表⽰⽬的的purpose，aim，goal；7.表⽰结果的result，consequence；8.表⽰重要性的importance，value；9.表⽰特征的feature，characteristic；10.表⽰赞成和反对的pros and cons；11.表⽰异同的similarity，difference；12.表⽰原因的cause （of），reason （for）；13.表⽰评述的comment，assessment；14.表⽰利弊的advantage，disadvantage；15.表⽰地点的place，location，where （ver）；16.表⽰过程的process，procedure，routine；17.表⽰概括的summary，outline，conclusion；18.表⽰建议的suggestion （for / about / on），tip （of / on），advice （on）；19.表⽰观点、态度的opinion （of），view （on / about），attitude （to / towards）；20.表⽰简介某个现象或问题brief / general introduction，phenomenon，problem；21.表⽰⽅法的way （of + 名词 / doing / to do sth.），method （of + 名词），means （of + 名词），approach （to + 名词）。