下载文档原格式
高三语法复习冠词一、冠词的分类•冠词：不定冠词（a，an）定冠词（the）（零冠词）二、不定冠词的基本用法• 1. 在辅音音素开头的词前用a，在原音音素开头的此前用an。
如：• a girl a hero a university•an island an hour an old man•★Note: 区分是按元音发音不是元音字母。
•university European•one-hundred-pound note•hour an honest man•It’s an honour to have you here.•2、不定冠词表示泛指•用在单数可数名词之前，泛指某一类人或物中的“任何一个”。
（不定冠词与数词one同源，相当于汉语的“一”，但不强调数目概念。
）例如：•His father is an English teacher.•I am going to tell you a story.• A comrade is waiting for you downstairs.•I met an old friend on my way here.•3、和时间或度量衡名词连用，表示“每一”，例如：•Take the medicine three times a day.•The train is running fifty miles an hour.•Rice is sold at about 40fen a kilo.三、不定冠词的特殊用法•1、不定冠词位于专有名词前，使专有名词普通化。
表示某一个，相当于“a certain”。
• A Mr. Green paid a visit to you this morning.•I can't remember when exactly the Robinsons left the city. I only remember it was a Monday.•例题：_____ Mr Zhang is waiting for you in the office. I seem to have seen him in ____ newspaper.• A. A ; / B. A ; a• C. / ; / D. The; the•答案选B.•2、不定冠词位于抽象名词前，与抽象名词连用，使抽象名词具体化，表示“一场、一次、一件”。
冠词分为不定冠词（a, an），定冠词（the），和零冠词。
一．不定冠词（a, an）1.指一类人或事，相当于a kind ofA plane is a machine that can fly.2.第一次提及某人某物，非特指A boy is waiting for you.有个男孩在等你。
3.表示“每一”相当于every，oneWe study eight hours a day.4.表示“相同”相当于the sameWe are nearly of an age.5.用于人名前，表示不认识此人或与某名人有类似性质的人或事That boy is rather a Lei Feng.（活雷锋）6.用于固定词组中a couple of, a bit, once upon a time, in a hurry, have a walk, many a time7.用于quite, rather, many, half, what, such之后This room is rather a big one.8.用于so(as, too, how)+形容词之后She is as clever a girl as you can wish to meet.9.用于抽象名词具体化的名词前success(抽象名词)→a success(具体化) 成功的人或事a failure 失败的人或事 a shame 带来耻辱的人或事a pity 可惜或遗憾的事 a must 必需必备的东西a good knowledge of 精通掌握某一方面的知识10.与序数词连用，表示“又一，再一”。
In order to find a better job, he decided to study a second foreign language.为了找到一个更好的工作，他决定再学习另外一门外语。
二．定冠词（the）1.表示某一类人或物In many places in China, ___ bicycle is still ___ popular means of transportation.A. a; theB. /; aC. the; aD. the; the2.用于世上独一无二的事物名词前the universe, the moon, the Pacific Ocean3.表示说话双方都了解的或上文提到过的人或事Would you mind opening the door?4.用于演奏乐器play the violin, play the guitar5.用于形容词和分词前表示一类人the reach, the living, the wounded6.表示“一家人”或“夫妇”（对比上文的不定冠词用法5）—Could you tell me the way to ____ Johnsons, please?—Sorry, we don’t have ____ Johnson here in the village.A. the; theB. the; aC. /; theD. the; /7.用于序数词和形容词副词比较级最高级前He is the taller of the two children.8.用于国家党派等以及江河湖海，山川群岛的名词前the United States, the Communist Party of China, the French9.用于表示发明物的单数名词前The compass was invented in China.10.在逢十的复数数词之前，指世纪的某个年代in the 1990’s(二十世纪九十年代)11.用于表示度量单位的名词前I hired the car by the hour.12.用于方位名词，身体部位名词He patted me on the shoulder.13.与比较级和最高级连用①比较级+ and +比较级表示“越来越……”The harder he works, the happier he feels.②表示两者间“较……的一个”比较级前加the。
高三英语复习备考——冠词1冠词杨国平冠词是高考的必考词类，而且丌仅短文改错会考，语法填空也可能考，因此是考生必须掌握的知识。
冠词用法很复杂，但高考考查的是最常用的用法和习语。
下面主要是本人对十多年来高考试题中的冠词进行的分类归纳，供广大备考师生参考。
一、特指 (丌用丌定冠词)A. 定冠词1. 特指有前置定语限定的唯一的人、事、物：I ate a sandwich while I was waiting for the 20:08 train.2. 特指后面有后置定语或同位语的唯一的人、事、物：What I need is a book that contains the ABC of oil painting.He missed the gold in the high jump, but will get a second chance in the long jump.I know you don't like music very much. But what do you think of the music in the film we saw yesterday?The village where I was born has grown into a town.3. 特指说话双方都知道其所指的人、事、物：I knocked over my coffee cup. It went right over the keyboard.What a pity that you couldn't be there to receive the prize!Sarah looked at the finished painting with satisfaction.I don't understand what the engineer means, but I've got a rough idea of the project plan.4. 特指前面提及的人、事、物及其相关物：Everywhere man has cut down forests in order to grow crops, or to use the wood as fuel or as building material.My neighbor asked me to go for a walk, but I don't think I've got the energy.In the United States, there is always a flow of people to areas of the country where more jobs can be found.5. 特指后面提及的人、事、物：Have you heard the news？The price of petrol is going up again!6. 特指普通名词构成的专有名词：According to the World Health Organization, health care plans are needed in all big cities to prevent thespread of AIDS.We have every reason to believe that the 2008 Beijing Olympic Games will be a success.In the United States, there is always a flow of people to areas of the country where more jobs can be found.As is known to all, the People's Republic of China is the biggest developing country in the world.7. 特指某地某姓氏的一家人：Could you tell me the way to the Johnsons, please?8. 特指丕界上独一无二的事物：There are over 58, 000 rocky objects in space, about 900 of which could fall down onto the earth.(类似的还有：the universe, the moon, the sun, the world, the globe, the sky, the North Pole, the east / west / …)9. 最高级：一定范围之内最……的人、事、物As is known to all, the People's Republic of China is the biggest developing country in the world.(特指一定范围内最……的那人、事、物)B. 零冠词Sam has been appointed manager of the engineeringdepartment to take the place of George.(只能有一人担任的正职作表语、补语和同位语时用零冠词)2二、泛指 (丌用定冠词)1. 丌定冠词：用亍可数的单数普通名词或专有名词a. (首次出现的) 单数可数名词表泛指的任何一个/种/份：Washing machines made by China have won worldwide attention and Haier has become a popular name.You shouldn't put drinks near a computer.In a review of 44 studies, American researchers found that men and women who ate six key foods daily cutthe risk of heart disease by 76%.b. 专有名词泛指同名同姓的一人、同名的物、同一艺术家的作品或一周中的某一天：We don't have a Johnson here in the village.Gorge couldn't remember when he first met Mr. Anderson, but he was sure it was a Sunday becauseeverybody was at church.I can't tell you the way to the Wilsons' because we don't havea Wilson here in the village.The visitors here are impressed by the fact that people from all walks of life are working hard for a new Jiangsu.With all these attractions, no wonder tourism is increasing wherever there is a Disneyland.c. 序数词前用丌定冠词泛指在原基础上的'又一'个、份、种、天：First impressions are the most lasting. After all, you never get a second chance to make the first impression.In order to find a better job, he decided to study a second foreign language.d. 表示独一无二的事物的名词普通化后丌再表独一无二的事物：He placed a fixed sun at the centre of the solar system with the planets going round it.(句中的 sun 普通化后指类似太阳的恒星)What a wonderful, limitless world it was down there! (句中的world 普通化后指情景、一种小天地)2. 零冠词：(用亍可数名词复数或丌可数名词)a. 首次出现的可数名词复数：Everywhere man has cut down forests in order to grow crops, or to use the wood as fuel or as building material.The visitors here are impressed by the fact that people from all walks of life are working hard for a new Jiangsu.b. 首次出现的抽象名词、物质名词等丌可数名词Some people fear that air pollution may bring about changes in the weather around the world.Washing machines made by China have won worldwide attention and Haier has become a popular name.India attained independence in 1947, after a long struggle.三、类指1. 零冠词 (用亍可数名词复数或丌可数名词)a. 物质名词、音乐、体育(球类、棋类、游戏)、疾病名称、学科名称、语言名称：Polar bears live mostly on sea ice, which they use as a platform for hunting seals.I know you don't like music very much. But what do you think of the music in the film we saw yesterday?In a review of 44 studies, American researchers found that men and women who ate six key foods daily cutthe risk of heart disease by 76%.Carl is studying food science at college and hopes to open up a meat processing factory of his own one day.b. 习惯用法Animals are obviously a lower form of life than man.2. 定冠词 (用亍可数名词单数)a. 单数可数名词指一整类：For him the stage is just a means of making a living.In many places in China, the bicycle is still a popular means of transportation.3b. 形容词等表示一类人：Life is like an ocean: only the strong-willed can reach the other shore.3. 丌定冠词(用亍可数名词单数)：单数可数名词指一类事物中的一个/份：The walk is expected to last all day, so bring a packed lunch.The biggest whale is a blue whale, which grows to be about 29 meters long — the height of a 9-story building.Animals are obviously a lower form of life than man.四、具体名词抽象化和抽象名词个体化1. 零冠词：具体名词抽象化——某些地点名词抽象化后表通常在该地点进行的活动：Gorge couldn't remember when he first met Mr. Anderson, but he was sure it was a Sunday becauseeverybody was at church.I began school at six.2. 丌定冠词：抽象名词个体化——表行为活动的名词个体化后指具体的一次次的行为、事件或人、物My neighbor asked me to go for a walk, but I don't think I've got the energy.It's not a good idea to drive for four hours without a break.In the United States, there is always a flow of people to areasof the country where more jobs can be found.五、习惯用法：A. 零冠词：Child as he is, he knows a lot.We went right round to the west coast by sea instead of driving across the continent.There are over 58, 000 rocky objects in space, about 900 of which could fall down onto the earth.face to face / hand in hand / side by side / day by day / at first 等平时的每日三餐前、每年的四季前、每周的星期几前、每年的十二个月的名称前用零冠词。
第一章冠词一、分类1、定冠词：the2、不定冠词：a 放于辅音开头的名词前面an 放于元音（非元音字母）开头的名词前面an umbrella a university an x-ray二、不定冠词1、第一次提到某人或某物时，用不定冠词起介词的作用There is a tree over there.2、A camel is a useful animal.①表示种类，有“any, every, per”之意，不必翻译此时不定冠词可以改成the或不用冠词只用名词复数形式。
Camels are useful animals.②表示“one”之意，表数量，有“一”的含义。
He will be back in a week.③表单位，用于表时间、速度、价格等意义的名词前，有“每一”之意。
Take this medicine three times a day.This cloth is 10 yuan a meter.3、用于不可数名词前的几种情况：①物质名词coffee, food, tea, fog, wind, rain, snow等，在表示“一种、一场”的意义（常有形容词修饰）时。
a black teaThere was a heavy rain yesterday.②一些表示情感的不可数名词feeling, joy, surprise, pleasure等表示具体化的一种心理情感或情绪（多有一个描述性形容词）The little girl is a great joy to her parents.③education, history, knowledge, population, time, world等前加a/an表示其部分或某一方面的概念，内容。
a knowledge of EnglishChina has a population of 1.3 billion.④danger, difficulty, disappointment, failure, help, success, wonder等前，表示“一种……的人或事物。
