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采暖通风与空气调节术语标准中英文对照a orptance for solar radiation太阳辐射热吸收系数a orption equipment吸收装置a orption of gas and vapor气体吸收a orptiong refrige rationg cycle吸收式制冷循环a orption-type refrigerating machine吸收式制冷机acce door检查门acoustic a orptivity吸声系数actual de ity真密度actuating element执行机构actuator执行机构adaptive control system自适应控制系统additional factor for exterior door外门附加率additional factor for intermittent heating间歇附加率additional factor for wind force高度附加率additional heat lo 风力附加率adiabatic humidification附加耗热量adiabatic humidiflcation绝热加湿adsorbate吸附质adsorbent吸附剂adsorber吸附装置adsorption equipment吸附装置adsorption of gas and vapor气体吸附aerodynamic noise空气动力噪声aerosol气溶胶air balance风量平衡air changes换气次数air cha el风道air cleanline 空气洁净度air collector集气罐air conditioning空气调节air conditioning condition空调工况air conditioning equipment空气调节设备air conditioning machine room空气调节机房air conditioning system空气调节系统air conditioning system cooling load空气调节系统冷负荷air contaminant空气污染物air-cooled conde er风冷式冷凝器air cooler空气冷却器air curtain空气幕air cushion shock a orber空气弹簧隔振器air distribution气流组织air distributor空气分布器air-douche unit with water atomization喷雾风扇air duct风管、风道air filter空气过滤器air handling equipment空气调节设备air handling unit room空气调节机房air header集合管air humidity空气湿度air inlet风口air intake进风口air manifold集合管air opening风口air pollutant空气污染物air pollution大气污染air preheater空气预热器air return method回风方式air return mode回风方式air return through corridor走廊回风air ace空气间层air su ly method送风方式air su ly mode送风方式air su ly (suction) opening with slide plate插板式送（吸）风口air su ly volume per unit area单位面积送风量air temperature空气温度air through tu el地道风air-to-air total heat exchanger全热换热器air-to-cloth ratio气布比air velocity at work area作业地带空气流速air velocity at work place工作地点空气流速air vent放气阀air-water systen空气—水系统airborne particles大气尘air hater空气加热器air ace空气间层alarm signal报警信号ail-air system全空气系统all-water system全水系统allowed indoor fluctuation of temperature and relative humidity室内温湿度允许波动范围ambient noise环境噪声ammonia氨amplification factor of centrolled plant调节对象放大系数amplitude振幅anergy@angle of repose安息角ange of slide滑动角angle scale热湿比angle valve角阀a ual [value]历年值a ual coldest month历年最冷月a ual hottest month历年最热月anticorrosive缓蚀剂antifreeze agent防冻剂antifreeze agent防冻剂a aratus dew point机器露点a arent de ity堆积密度aqua-ammonia a orptiontype-refrigerating machine氨—水吸收式制冷机a iation ychrometer通风温湿度计A ma a iration ychrometer通风温湿度计atmo heric conde er淋激式冷凝器atmo heric diffusion大气扩散atmo heric dust大气尘atmo heric pollution大气污染atmo heric pre ure大气压力（atmo heric stability大气稳定度atmo heric tra arency大气透明度atmo heric turblence大气湍流automatic control自动控制automatic roll filter自动卷绕式过滤器automatic vent自动放气阀available pre ure资用压力average daily sol-air temperature日平均综合温度axial fan轴流式通风机azeotropic mixture refrigerant共沸溶液制冷剂Bback-flow preventer防回流装置back pre ure of steam trap凝结水背压力back pre ure return余压回水background noise背景噪声back plate挡风板bag filler袋式除尘器baghouse袋式除尘器barometric pre ure大气压力basic heat lo 基本耗热量hend muffler消声弯头bimetallic thermometer双金属温度计black globe temperature黑球温度blow off pipe排污管blowdown排污管boiler锅炉boiller house锅炉房boiler plant锅炉房boiler room锅炉房booster加压泵branch支管branch duct(通风) 支管branch pipe支管building envelope围护结构building flow zones建筑气流区building heating entry热力入口bulk de ity堆积密度bushing补心butterfly damper蝶阀by-pa damper空气加热器〕旁通阀by-pa pipe旁通管Ccanopy hood 伞形罩capillary tube毛细管capture velocity控制风速capture velocity外部吸气罩capturing hood 卡诺循环Carnot cycle串级调节系统cascade control system铸铁散热器cast iron radiator催化燃烧catalytic oxidation 催化燃烧ceilling fan吊扇ceiling panelheating顶棚辐射采暖center frequency中心频率central air conditionint system 集中式空气调节系统central heating集中采暖central ventilation system新风系统centralized control集中控制centrifugal compre or离心式压缩机entrifugal fan离心式通风机check damper(通风〕止回阀check valve止回阀chilled water冷水chilled water system with primary-secondary pum 一、二次泵冷水系统chimney(排气〕烟囱circuit环路circulating fan风扇circulating pipe循环管circulating pump循环泵clean room洁净室cleaning hole清扫孔cleaning vacuum plant真空吸尘装置cleanout opening清扫孔clogging capacity容尘量close ni le长丝closed booth大容积密闭罩closed full flow return闭式满管回水closed loop control闭环控制closed return闭式回水closed shell and tube conde er卧式壳管式冷凝器closed shell and tube evaporator卧式壳管式蒸发器closed tank闭式水箱coefficient of accumulation of heat蓄热系数coefficient of atmo heric tra areney大气透明度coefficient of effective heat emi ion散热量有效系数coficient of effective heat emi ion传热系数coefficient of locall resistance局部阻力系数coefficient of thermal storage蓄热系数coefficient of vapor蒸汽渗透系数coefficient of vapor蒸汽渗透系数coil盘管collection efficiency除尘效率combustion of gas and vapor气体燃烧comfort air conditioning舒适性空气调节common section共同段compe ator补偿器components(通风〕部件compre ion压缩compre ion-type refrigerating machine压缩式制冷机compre ion-type refrigerating system压缩式制冷系统compre ion-type refrigeration压缩式制冷compre ion-type refrigeration cycle压缩式制冷循环compre ion-type water chiller压缩式冷水机组concentratcd heating集中采暖concentration of narmful su tance有害物质浓度conde ate drain pan凝结水盘conde ate pipe凝结水管conde ate pump凝缩水泵conde ate tank凝结水箱conde ation冷凝conde ation of vapor气体冷凝conde er冷凝器conde ing pre ure冷凝压力conde ing temperature冷凝温度conde ing unit压缩冷凝机组conditioned ace空气调节房间conditioned zone空气调节区conical cowl锥形风帽co tant humidity system恒湿系统co tant temperature and humidity system恒温恒湿系统co tant temperature system 恒温系统co tant value control 定值调节co tant volume air conditioning system定风量空气调节系统continuous dust dislodging连续除灰continuous dust dislodging连续除灰continuous heating连续采暖contour zone稳定气流区control device控制装置control panel控制屏control valve调节阀control velocity控制风速controlled natural ventilation有组织自然通风controlled plant调节对象controlled variable被控参数controller调节器convection heating对流采暖convector对流散热器cooling降温、冷却（、）cooling air curtain冷风幕cooling coil冷盘管cooling coil section冷却段cooling load from heat传热冷负荷cooling load from outdoor air新风冷负荷cooling load from ventilation新风冷负荷cooling load temperature冷负荷温度cooling system降温系统cooling tower冷却塔cooling unit冷风机组cooling water冷却水correcting element调节机构correcting unit执行器correction factor for orientaion朝向修正率corrosion inhibitor缓蚀剂coupling管接头cowl伞形风帽criteria for noise control cro 噪声控频标准cro fan四通crro -flow fan贯流式通风机cro -ventilation穿堂风cut diameter分割粒径cyclone旋风除尘器cyclone dust separator旋风除尘器cylindrical ventilator筒形风帽Ddaily range日较差damping factot衰减倍数data scaning巡回检测days of heating period采暖期天数deafener消声器decibel(dB)分贝degree-days of heating period采暖期度日数degree of subcooling过冷度degree of superheat过热度dehumidification减湿dehumidifying cooling减湿冷却de ity of dust particle真密度derivative time微分时间design conditio 计算参数desorption解吸detecting element检测元件detention period延迟时间deviation偏差dew-point temperature露点温度dimond-shaped damper菱形叶片调节阀differential pre ure type flowmeter差压流量计diffuser air su ly散流器diffuser air su ly散流器送风direct air conditioning system 直流式空气调节系统direct combustion 直接燃烧direct-contact heat exchanger 汽水混合式换热器direct digital control (DDC) system 直接数字控制系统direct evaporator 直接式蒸发器direct-fired lithiumbromide a orption-type refrigerating machine 直燃式溴化锂吸收式制冷机direct refrigerating system 直接制冷系统direct return system 异程式系统direct solar radiation 太阳直接辐射discharge pre ure 排气压力discharge temperature 排气温度di ersion 大气扩散district heat su ly 区域供热district heating 区域供热disturbance frequency 扰动频率dominant wind direction 最多风向double-effect lithium-bromide a orption-type refigerating machine 双效溴化锂吸收式制冷机double pipe conde er 套管式冷凝器down draft 倒灌downfeed system 上分式系统dow tream ray pattern 顺喷drain pipe 泄水管drain pipe 排污管droplet 液滴drv air 干空气dry-and-wet-bulb thermometer 干湿球温度表dry-bulb temperature 干球温度dry cooling condition 干工况dry dust separator 干式除尘器dry expa ion evaporator 干式蒸发器dry return pipe 干式凝结水管dry steam humidifler 干蒸汽加湿器dualductairconing ition 双风管空气调节系统dual duct system 双风管空气调节系统duct 风管、风道dust 粉尘dust capacity 容尘量dust collector 除尘器dust concentration 含尘浓度dust control 除尘dust-holding capacity 容尘量dust removal 除尘dust removing system 除尘系统dust sampler 粉尘采样仪dust sampling meter 粉尘采样仪dust separation 除尘dust separator 除尘器dust source 尘源dynamic deviation动态偏差Eeconomic resistance of heat tra fer经济传热阻economic velocity经济流速efective coefficient of local resistance折算局部阻力系数effective legth折算长度effective stack height烟囱有效高度effective temperature difference送风温差ejector喷射器ejetor弯头elbow电加热器electric heater电加热段electric panel heating电热辐射采暖electric precipitator电除尘器electricradian theating 电热辐射采暖electricresistance hu-midkfier电阻式加湿器electro- eumatic convertor电—气转换器electrode humidifler电极式加湿器electrostatic precipi-tator电除尘器eliminator挡水板emergency ventilation事故通风emergency ventilation system事故通风系统emi ion concentration排放浓度enclosed hood密闭罩enthalpy焓enthalpy control system新风〕焓值控制系统enthalpy entropy chart焓熵图entirely ventilation全面通风entropy熵environmental noise环境噪声equal percentage flow characteristic等百分比流量特性equivalent coefficient of local resistance当量局部阻力系数equivalent length当量长度equivalent[continuous A] sound level等效〔连续A〕声级evaporating pre ure蒸发压力evaporating temperature蒸发温度evaporative conde er蒸发式冷凝器evaporator蒸发器exce heat余热exce pre ure余压exce ive heat 余热cxergy@exhaust air rate排风量exhaust fan排风机exhaust fan room排风机室exhaust hood局部排风罩exhaust inlet吸风口exhaust opening吸风口exhaust opening orinlet风口exhaust outlet排风口exaust vertical pipe排气〕烟囱exhausted enclosure密闭罩exit排风口expa ion膨胀expa ion pipe膨胀管explosion proofing防爆expa ion steam trap恒温式疏水器expa ion tank膨胀水箱extreme maximum temperature极端最高温度extreme minimum temperature极端最低温度Ffabric collector袋式除尘器face tube皮托管face velocity罩口风速fan通风机fan-coil air-conditioning system风机盘管空气调节系统fan-coil system风机盘管空气调节系统fan-coil unit风机盘管机组fan house通风机室fan room通风机室fan section风机段feed-forward control前馈控制feedback反馈feeding branch tlo radiator散热器供热支管fibrous dust纤维性粉尘fillter cylinder for sampling滤筒采样管fillter efficiency过滤效率fillter section过滤段filltration velocity过滤速度final resistance of filter过滤器终阻力fire damper防火阀fire prevention防火fire protection防火fire-resisting damper防火阀fittings(通风〕配件fixed set-point control定值调节fixed su ort固定支架fixed time temperature (humidity)定时温（湿）度flame combustion热力燃烧flash gas闪发气体flash steam二次蒸汽flexible duct软管flexible joint柔性接头float type steam trap浮球式疏水器float valve浮球阀floating control无定位调节flooded evaporator满液式蒸发器floor panel heating地板辐射采暖flow capacity of control valve调节阀流通能力flow characteristic of control valve调节阀流量特性foam dust separator泡沫除尘器follow-up control system随动系统forced ventilation机械通风forward flow zone射流区foul gas不凝性气体four-pipe water system四管制水系统fractional separation efficiency分级除尘效率free jet自由射流free sillica游离二氧化硅free silicon dioxide游离二氧化硅freon氟利昂frequency interval频程frequency of wind direction风向频率fresh air handling unit新风机组resh air requirement新风量friction factor摩擦系数friction lo 摩擦阻力frictional resistance摩擦阻力fume烟〔雾〕fumehood排风柜fumes烟气Ggas-fired infrared heating 煤气红外线辐射采暖gas-fired unit heater 燃气热风器gas purger 不凝性气体分离器gate valve 闸阀general air change 全面通风general exhaust ventilation (GEV) 全面排风general ventilation 全面通风generator 发生器global radiation总辐射grade efficiency分级除尘效率granular bed filter颗粒层除尘器granulometric distribution粒径分布gravel bed filter颗粒层除尘器gravity separator沉降室ground-level concentration落地浓度guide vane导流板Hhair hygrometor毛发湿度计hand pump手摇泵harmful gas andvapo有害气体harmful su tance有害物质header分水器、集水器（、）heat and moisture热湿交换tra fer热平衡heat conduction coefficient导热系数heat conductivity导热系数heat distributing network热网heat emitter散热器heat endurance热稳定性heat exchanger换热器heat flowmeter热流计heat flow rate热流量heat gain from lighting设备散热量heat gain from lighting照明散热量heat gain from occupant人体散热量heat i ulating window保温窗heat(thermal)i uation隔热heat(thermal)lag延迟时间heat lo 耗热量heat lo by infiltration冷风渗透耗热量heat-operated refrigerating system热力制冷系统heat-operated refrigetation热力制冷heat pipe热管heat pump热泵heat pump air conditioner热泵式空气调节器heat release散热量heat resistance热阻heat screen隔热屏heat shield隔热屏heat source热源heat storage蓄热heat storage capacity蓄热特性heat su ly供热heat su ly network热网heat tra fer传热heat tra mi ion传热heat wheel转轮式换热器heated thermometer anemometer热风速仪heating采暖、供热、加热（、、）heating a liance采暖设备heating coil热盘管heating coil section加热段heating equipment采暖设备heating load热负荷heating medium热媒heating medium parameter热媒参数heating pipeline采暖管道heating system采暖系统heavy work重作业high-frequency noise高频噪声high-pre ure ho twater heating高温热水采暖high-pre ure steam heating高压蒸汽采暖high temperature water heating高温热水采暖hood局部排风罩horizontal water-film syclonet卧式旋风水膜除尘器hot air heating热风采暖hot air heating system热风采暖系统hot shop热车间hot water boiler热水锅炉hot water heating热水采暖hot water system热水采暖系统hot water pipe热水管hot workshop热车间hourly cooling load逐时冷负荷hourly sol-air temperature逐时综合温度humidification加湿humidifier加湿器humididier section加湿段humidistat恒湿器humidity ratio含湿量hydraulic calculation水力计算hydraulic disordeer水力失调hydraulic dust removal水力除尘hydraulic resistance balance阻力平衡hydraulicity水硬性hydrophilic dust亲水性粉尘hydrophobic dust疏水性粉尘Iimpact dust collector冲激式除尘器impact tube皮托管impedance muffler阻抗复合消声器inclined damper斜插板阀index circuit最不利环路indec of thermal inertia (valueD)热惰性指标（D值）indirect heat exchanger表面式换热器indirect refrigerating sys间接制冷系统indoor air design conditio 室内在气计算参数indoor air velocity室内空气流速indoor and outdoor design conditio 室内外计算参数indoor reference for air temperature and relative humidity室内温湿度基数indoor temperature (humidity)室内温（湿）度induction air-conditioning system诱导式空气调节系统induction unit诱导器inductive ventilation诱导通风industral air conditioning工艺性空气调节industrial ventilation工业通风inertial dust separator惯性除尘器infiltration heat lo 冷风渗透耗热量infrared humidifier红外线加湿器infrared radiant heater红外线辐射器inherent regulation of controlled plant调节对象自平衡initial concentration of dust初始浓度initial resistance of filter过滤器初阻力imput variable输入量i ulating layer保温层integral enclosure整体密闭罩integral time积分时间interlock protection联锁保护intermittent dust removal定期除灰intermittent heating间歇采暖inversion layer逆温层inverted bucket type steam trap倒吊桶式疏水器irradiance辐射照度isoenthalpy等焓线isobume等湿线isolator隔振器isotherm等温线isothermal humidification等温加湿isothermal jet等温射流Jjet射流jet axial velocity射流轴心速度jet divergence angle射流扩散角jet in a confined ace受限射流Kkatathermometer卡他温度计Llaboratory hood排风柜lag of controlled plant调节对象滞后large ace enclosure大容积密闭罩latent heat潜热lateral exhaust at the edge of a bath槽边排风罩lateral hoodlength of pipe section侧吸罩length of pipe section管段长度light work轻作业limit deflection极限压缩量limit switch限位开关limiting velocity极限流速linear flow characteristic线性流量特性liquid-level gage液位计liquid receiver贮液器lithium bromide溴化锂lithium-bromide a orption-type refrigerating machine溴化锂吸收式制冷机lithium chloride resistance hygrometer氯化锂电阻湿度计load pattern负荷特性local air conditioning局部区域空气调节local air su iy system局部送风系统local exhaustventilation (LEV)局部排风local exhaust system局部排风系统local heating局部采暖local relief局部送风local relief system局部送风系统local resistance局部阻力local solartime地方太阳时local ventilation局部通风local izedairsu ly for air-heating集中送风采暖local ized air control就地控制loop环路louver百叶窗low-frequencynoise低频噪声low-pre ure steam heating低压蒸汽采暖lyophilic dust亲水性粉尘lyophobic dust疏水性粉尘Mmain 总管、干管main duct通风〕总管、〔通风〕干管main pipe总管、干管make-up water pump补给水泵manual control手动控制ma concentration质量浓度maximum allowable concentration (MAC)最高容许浓度maximum coefficient of heat tra fer最大传热系数maximum depth of frozen ground最大冻土深度maximum sum of hourly colling load逐时冷负荷综合最大值mean a ual temperature (humidity)年平均温（湿）度mean a ual temperature (humidity)日平均温（湿）度mean daily temperature (humidity)旬平均温（湿）度mean dekad temperature (humidity)月平均最高温度mean monthly maximum temperature月平均最低温度mean monthly minimum temperature月平均湿（湿）度mean monthly temperature (humidity)平均相对湿度mean relative humidity平均风速emchanical air su ly system机械送风系统mechanical and hydraulic联合除尘combined dust removal机械式风速仪mechanical anemometer机械除尘mechanical cleaning off dust机械除尘mechanical dust removal机械排风系统mechanical exhaust system机械通风系统mechanical ventilation机械通风media velocity过滤速度metal radiant panel金属辐射板metal radiant panel heating金属辐射板采暖micromanometer微压计micropunch plate muffler微穿孔板消声器mid-frequency noise中频噪声middle work中作业midfeed system中分式系统minimum fresh air requirmente最小新风量minimum resistance of heat tra fer最小传热阻mist雾mixing box section混合段modular air handling unit组合式空气调节机组moist air湿空气moisture exce 余湿moisure gain散湿量moisture gain from a liance and equipment设备散湿量moisturegain from occupant人体散湿量motorized valve电动调节阀motorized ( eumatic)电（气）动两通阀-way valvemotorized ( eumatic)-way valve电（气）动三通阀movable su ort活动支架muffler消声器muffler section消声段multi-operating mode automtic conversion工况自动转换multi-operating mode control system多工况控制系统multiclone多管〔旋风〕除尘器multicyclone多管〔旋风〕除尘器multishell conde er组合式冷凝器Nnatural and mechanical combined ventilation联合通风natural attenuation quantity of noise噪声自然衰减量natural exhaust system自然排风系统natural freguency固有频率natural ventilation自然通风NC-curve[s]噪声评价NC曲线negative freedback负反馈neutral level中和界neutral pre ure level中和界neutral zone中和界noise噪声noise control噪声控制noise criter ioncurve(s)噪声评价NC曲线noisc rating number噪声评价NR曲线noise reduction消声non azeotropic mixture refragerant非共沸溶液制冷剂non-commo ection非共同段non conde able gas 不凝性气体non conde able gas purger不凝性气体分离器non-isothermal jet非等温射流nonreturn valve通风〕止回阀normal coldest month止回阀normal coldest month累年最冷月normal coldest -month period累年最冷三个月normal hottest month累年最热月（３）normal hottest month period累年最热三个月normal three summer months累年最热三个月normal three winter months累年最冷三个月normals累年值nozzle outlet air su luy喷口送风number concentration计数浓度number of degree-day of heating period采暖期度日数Ooctave倍频程/ octave倍频程octave band倍频程oil cooler油冷却器oill-fired unit heater燃油热风器one-and-two pipe combined heating system单双管混合式采暖系统one (single)-pipe circuit (cro -over) heating system单管跨越式采暖系统one(single)-pipe heating system单管采暖系统e(single)-pipe loop circuit heating system水平单管采暖系统one(single)-pipe seriesloop heating system单管顺序式采暖系统one-third octave band倍频程on-of control双位调节open loop control开环控制open return开式回水open shell and tube conde er立式壳管式冷凝器open tank开式水箱operating pre ure工作压力operating range作用半径o osed multiblade damper对开式多叶阀organized air su ly有组织进风organized exhaust有组织排风organized natural ventilation有组织自然通风outdoor air design conditio 室外空气计算参数outdoor ctitcal air temperature for heating采暖室外临界温度outdoor design dry-bulb temperature for summer air conlitioning夏季空气调节室外计算干球温度outdoor design hourly temperature for summer air conditioning夏季空气调节室外计算逐时温度outdoor design mean daily temperature for summer air conditioning夏季空气调节室外计算日平均温度outdoor design relative humidityu for summer ventilation夏季通风室外计算相对湿度outdoor design relative humidity for winter air conditioning冬季空气调节室外计算相对湿度outdoor design temperature ture for calculated envelope in winter冬季围护结构室外计算温度outdoor design temperature ture for heating采暖室外计算温度outdoor design temperature for summer ventilation夏季通风室外计算温度outdoor design temperature for winter air conditioning冬季空气调节室外计算温度outdoor design temperature for winter vemtilation冬季通风室外计算温度outdoor designwet-bulb temperature for summer air conditioning夏季空气调节室外计算湿球温度outdoor mean air temperature during heating period采暖期室外平均温度outdoor temperature(humidity)室外温（湿）度outlet air velocity出口风速out put variable输出量overall efficiency of separation除尘效率overall heat tra mi ion coefficient传热系数ouvrflow pipe溢流管overheat steam过热蒸汽overla ing averages滑动平均overshoot超调量Ppackaged air conditioner整体式空气调节器packaged heat pump热泵式空气调节器packed column填料塔packed tower填料塔panel heating辐射采暖parabolic flow character抛物线流量特性isticparallel multiblade damperin平行式多叶阀parameter detection参数检测part通风〕部件partial enclosure局部密闭罩partial pre ure of water vapor水蒸汽分压力particle粒子particle counter粒子计数器particle number concentration计数浓度particle size粒径particle size distribution粒径分布particulate粒子particulate collector除尘器particulates大气尘pa age ventilating duct通过式风管penetration rate穿透率percentage of men，women and children群集系数and childre ercentage of po ible su hine日照率percentage of return air 回风百分比cerforated ceiling air su yl孔板送风perforated plate tower筛板塔periodic dust dislodging定期除灰piece(通风〕部件pipe fittings管道配件pipe radiator光面管散热器pipe section管段pipe coil光面管放热器pitot tube皮托管plate heat exchanger板式换热器plenum chamber静压箱plenum ace稳压层plug丝堵plume烟羽plume rise height烟羽抬升高度C-curve[s]噪声评价C曲线eumatic conveying气力输送pueumatic tra ort气力输送eumatic valve气动调节阀eumo-electrical convertor气-电转换器positioner定位器positive feedback正反馈powerroof ventilator屋顶通风机preferred noise criteria curve[s]噪声评价C曲线pre ure drop压力损失pre ure enthalpy chart压焓图pre ure gage压力表pre ure of steam su ly供汽压力pre ure reducing valve减压阀pre ure relief device泄压装置pre ure relief valve安全阀pre ure thermometer压力式温度计pre ure volume chart压容图primary air fan-coil system风机盘管加新风系统primary air system新风系统primary retirn air一次回风proce air conditioning工艺性空气调节program control程序控制proportional band比例带proportional control比例调节proportional-integral (PI)control比例积分调节proportional-integralderivative(PID)control比例积分微分调节protected(roof)monitor避风天窗ychrometric chart声级计pulvation action干湿球温度表push-pull hood焓湿图pulvation action尘化作用push-pull hood吹吸式排风罩Qquick open flow characteristic快开流量特性Rradiant heating辐射采暖radiant inte ity辐射强度sadiation inte ity辐射强度radiator散热器radiator heating散热器采暖radiator heating system散热器采暖系统radiator valve散热器调节阀rating under air conditioning condition空调工况制冷量rcactive muffler抗性消声器receiver贮液器receiving hood接受式排风罩reciprocating compre or活塞式压缩机recirculation cavety空气动力阴影区recording thermometer自记温度计reducing coupling异径管接头reducing valve减压阀reentrainment of dust 二次扬尘refrigerant制冷剂[refrigerating] coefficient of performance (COP)(制冷〕性能系数refrigerating compre or制冷压缩机refrigerating cycle制冷循环refrigerating effect制冷量refrigerating engineering制冷工程refrigerating machine制冷机refrigerating medium载冷剂refrigerating planttoom制冷机房refrigerating station制冷机房refrigerating system制冷系统refrigeration 制冷regenerative noise再生噪声register百叶型风口regulator调节器reheat air conditioning system再热式空气调节系统relative humidity相对湿度relay继电器remote control遥控resistance of heat tra fer传热阻resistance thermometer电阻温度计resistance to water vapor permeability蒸汽渗透阻resistance to water vapor permeation蒸汽渗透阻resistive muffler阻性消声器resistivity比电阻resonance共振resonant frequency共振频率re o e curve of controlled plant调节对象正升曲线teturn air回风return air inlet回风口return branch of radiator散热器回水支管return fan回风机return flow zone回流区return water temperataure回水温度reverse Carnot cycle逆卡诺循环reversed return system同程式系统reversible cycle可逆循环rim exhaust槽边排风罩rim ventilation槽边通风riser立管roof ventilator筒形风帽room a orption房间吸声量room air conditioner房间空气调节器rotameter转子流量计rotary dehumidifier转轮除湿机rotary heat exchanger转轮式换热器rotary su ly outlet旋转送风口rotating air outlet with movable guide vanes旋转送风口roughne factor相对粗糙度ru er shock a orber橡胶隔振器ru ing mea 滑动平均Ssafety valve安全阀samling hole测孔sampling port测孔saturated steam饱和蒸汽saturation humidity ratio饱和含湿量screw compre or螺杆式压缩机screwni le丝对screwed plug丝堵scondary refrigerant载冷剂secondary return air二次回风selective control system选择控制系统selector选择器self-contained cooling unit冷风机组self learning system自学习系统se ible cooling等湿冷却se ible heat显热se ible heating等湿加热se ing element敏感元件se or传感器sequence control程序控制set point给定值settling chamber沉降室setting velocity沉降速度shading coefficient遮阳系数shell and coil conde er壳管式冷凝器shell and tube conde er 壳管式冷凝器shell and tube evaporator壳管式蒸发器sholder ni le长丝shutter百叶窗sidehood侧吸罩sidewall air su ly侧面送风sieve-plate column筛板塔single duct air conditioning system单风管空气调节系统single duct system单风管空气调节系统single-effect lithiumbromide a orption-type refrigerating machine单效溴化锂吸收式制冷机sky radiation天空散射辐射slide damper插板阀sling ychrometer通风温湿度计slip rate穿透率slip diffuser条缝型风口slip exhaust hood槽边排风罩slot exhaust on edges of tanks槽边通风slot outlet条缝型风口sludge handling泥浆处理smoke烟〔尘〕smoke control防烟smoke damper防烟阀smoke exhaust damper排烟阀smoke extraction排烟smoke plume烟羽smokeproof damper防烟阀sol-air temperature综合温度solar altitude太阳高度角solar azimuth太阳方位角solar co tant太阳常数solar declination太阳赤纬solar heating太阳能采暖solar irradiance太阳辐射照度solar radiant heat太阳辐射热solar radiation太阳辐射solenoid valve电磁阀sound a orber消声器sound a orption吸声sound a orption coefficient吸声系数sound a orption material吸声材料sound attenuation消声sound deadening消声sound deadening capacity消声量sound i ulation隔声sound inte ity level声强级sound level声级sound level meter声级计sound power level声功率级sound pre ure level声压级sound source声源source of heat release散热源ace air diffusion气流组织ace cooling load房间冷负荷ace heat gain房间得热量ace heating采暖ace moisture load房间湿负荷ace temperature variation区域温差ecific enthalpy比焓ecific frictional resistance比摩阻ecific gas flow rate气布比ecific heat load散热强度ecific resistance比电阻i ing disk humidifier离心式加湿器lit air conditioning system分体式空气调节器lit ranging control control分程控制litter导流板ot temperature工作地点温度ray chamber喷水段ray fan喷雾风扇ray nozzle喷嘴ray nozzle de ity喷嘴密度ray-type air washer section喷水段ray-type evaporator喷淋式蒸发器read射流扩散角ring shock a orber弹簧隔振器stability稳定性stack(排气〕烦囱stack effect pre ure热压standard condition标准工况standard rating[of refrigerating machine]标准制冷量standby heating值班采暖static deflection静态压缩量static deflection静态偏差static pre ure静压steady-state heat tra fer稳态传热steam boiler蒸汽锅炉steame ejector蒸汽喷射器steam header分汽缸steam heating蒸汽采暖steam heating system蒸汽采暖系统steam-jet xot water heating system蒸汽喷射热水采暖系统steam jet refrigerating蒸汽喷射式制冷机machinesteam jet refrigeration cycle蒸汽喷射式制冷循环steam manifold分汽缸steam pipe蒸汽管steam trap疏水器steam-water mixed heat exchanger汽-水混合式换热器steam water mixture汽水混合物steam-water type heat exchanger汽-水式换热器steel radiator钢制散热器stop valve截止阀stove heating火炉采暖strainer除污器strantiicated air conditioning分层空气调节strip radiant panel带状辐射板strong liquor浓溶液。
汽车排气系统的构成和使用的材料汽车排气系统从靠近发动机的方向开始，由排气歧管、前管、挠性管、催化转换器、中心管、主消音器和末端管等7个零部件构成。
根据车种的不同，有的安装了数个催化转换器，有的安装了副消音器。
1.1排气歧管排气歧管是靠近发动机的部分，由于排出气体的温度高达900℃，因此要求材料具有良好的抗氧化性、高温强度和热疲劳特性。
而且，为能进行复杂的形状加工，还要求材料应具有良好的成形性。
采用不锈钢制作的排气歧管根据其构造的不同，可以分为两类。
一类是将钢板冲压后焊接而成，另一类是将钢管弯曲后焊接而成，对于后者，还有的使用双重管构造的钢管。
用作排气歧管的不锈钢有奥氏体系不锈钢和铁素体系不锈钢等两种。
奥氏体系不锈钢具有良好的高温强度，但由于容易发生氧化皮剥落，因此在抗氧化性方面不如铁素体系不锈钢。
作为使用的钢种有SUS304（18Cr-8Ni）和SUS XM15J1（18Cr-13Ni-4Si）。
另一方面，铁素体系不锈钢虽然抗氧化性好，但高温强度不如奥氏体系不锈钢。
由于热膨胀系数小，因此在热疲劳特性方面有利。
作为使用钢种有SUH409L（11Cr-Ti-LC）和SUS430J1L（18Cr-0.5Cu-Nb-LC，N），但近年来随着废气排放规定的强化，排气温度呈高温化的趋势，据说有的高达950℃。
在这种情况下，可以使用SUS444（19Cr-2Mo）系不锈钢。
另外，作为降低成本的材料，还有的使用了降低Cr量的SUS429（15Cr）系不锈钢。
采用双重管的排气歧管通常是内管使用奥氏体系不锈钢，外管使用铁素体系不锈钢。
1.2前管前管使用的材料有SHU409L、SUS436L（17Cr-1Mo-LC，N），SUS430J1L等铁素体系不锈钢，但在采用中空双重时，还有的使用奥氏体系不锈钢作内管。
作为今后的发展趋势，低成本、抗氧化性和热疲劳特性好的铁素体系不锈钢毫无疑问将成为主流。
尤其是，由于排气温度的高温化和管子的薄壁化，可以认为将采用高温性能更好的钢种，如SUS429级。
轿车排气系统设计要点１.排气消声器容积一般为发动机排量的１０倍以上，不然达不到好的消声效果２.光有容积还不够，排气系统的扩张比还必须大于１５，即排气管的截面积必须小于主消截面积的１/１５，不然也达不到想要的效果３.排气管的直径随排量的不同而有粗细不同，一般１Ｌ左右的发动机管径在３５~３８左右，１.6Ｌ的约为４０或更大些，排量更大些的管子可能更大点，不过最大到５０吧（猜测）管子太小气流速度太大，阻力也大．而太大了也不大合适，相应的扩张比就小了，而且受空间制约．再者浪费材料.４.排气系统弹簧螺栓拧紧力矩一般为５０~７０５.消声器连接法兰最好能用球面法兰，可以适应各段排气管的相对转动而保持很好的密封．国标对排气系统的密封性要求为３０Ｌ／min，比较宽松点，做的好的一般都是１０Ｌ／min６.消声器的截面形桩最好做成筒形，加工简单经济实惠，截面构成的取消最好能保证倒角在５０以上，不然倒角太小废品率太高．７.排气管路应适当做长点以满足消声性能，不过转弯需圆滑，不能让气流阻滞．排气管弯曲半径一般为至少要大于管直径的１.５倍，不然也是废品多多．８．消声器壁后厚一般为０.８，管子壁厚也查不多，高档车管子能厚一点能达到１或者１.２mm９.消声器材质量一般选用中档的３.０４不锈刚，材料不太贵防锈效果还可以，排量２Ｌ以上的用的材料应该要好些，不过没有具体测过１０排气系统是一门复杂的系统，其严重影响整车的ＮＶＨ特性．设计排气系统的外形后应进行排气挂钩的设计．一般用的应该是ＭＳＣＮＡＳＴＲＡＮ软件．需要用到有限元分析．挂钩点设计好后，还需要进行车身对应挂钩点的声学灵敏性设计，这个就更专业了。
至今不会，也不知道咋分析．设计好这２个以后还需要对各橡胶吊挂的刚度进行计算，根据整车的间隙要求设计合理的大小和刚度直．（1）-吊挂位置安排要考虑整个排气系统,和扰性节(长度,刚度等)放置位置很有关系（2）-那些小孔很多是用来排水的,壳体两层的时候，排水孔用来排除积水，防锈效果好。
Repose——世界顶级排气品牌Repose，德国理念、德国技术，世界顶级排气品牌之一。
英文名：Repose、原产地：德国Repose一个源于德国技术的排气系统品牌，创立于1995年，由一个热爱赛车的团队，全身心研究排气改装技术，创办人Robin，创立时的理念就是“Enjoy The Dynamic Technol ogy”.Robin和他的团队早年活跃于欧洲地区及国际性的F1赛事，特别精通于四冲程比赛电单车的改装及调较。
Repose现在还热衷于参与赛车活动，比如美国的Time Attack, Formula D、澳门格兰披治等等。
Repose的研发中心建立在德国的慕尼黑，在18年间，工程师不断研究，使得Repose成功成为排气喉业界中的佼佼者，完全是凭借创办人Robin对改装行业形式的颠覆与创新。
一个专注于对奔驰、宝马、奥迪、大众四大品牌汽车的专业排气改装，Repose 针对这四大品牌每一款车型的排气特性和性能需求，开发最适合每款车型的作品，这样的坚持，让Repose排气系统跟发动机特性，有着更完美的结合。
也可以让每一台安装Repose排气系统的车辆能够拥有超高的操控性能和等待怒吼的声浪。
材质做工Repose采用最高等级材质不锈钢（SUS304），SUS304不锈钢管属于德国牌号材质的不锈钢管，具有优良的不锈耐腐蚀性能和较好的抗晶间腐蚀性能，能保证产品的使用寿命。
使用SUS304不锈钢做排气管内壁，可以有效的减少排气阻力使排气更顺畅更易提高转速，能减少加速时间和增加瞬间的爆发力,以达到提升动力的目的。
使用进口CNC弯管设备弯制,能创造完美的效果,是排气管平滑自然、效果出众，再采用精细鱼鳞焊接和精美的表面抛光处理方式,使其品位非凡。
秉承精细优质的特点，采用现代化机械生产产品，无论从焊点还是到切割，Repose把每一个细节都会做到十分完美。
排气声浪打造的产品，使得Ra、Rb这两种排气，从排气中段到排气尾段，都延续德国精细的技术理念，提供两种选择的排气声浪。
排气系统改装的技术创新和突破在汽车改装领域，排气系统的改装一直是改装的重要组成部分。
排气系统改装可以增加发动机的马力和扭矩，提升汽车的性能和性格。
在这个领域里，技术创新和突破是不可或缺的，下面就来探讨一下排气系统改装的技术创新和突破。
一、研发新材料在排气系统改装领域里，使用新材料研发更轻、更强的排气系统已成为一种重要的趋势。
一些制造商开始使用不锈钢、钛合金、碳纤维等高强度材料来制造排气系统。
这些材料具有优良的耐腐蚀性、高强度、重量轻等优点，能够提高排气系统的工作效率和性能。
相比传统的排气系统，使用这些新材料的排气系统具有更好的热稳定性和抗磨损性，同时也有更低的阻力和更高的排气量。
例如，钛排气管不仅能够大幅提升动力表现，还具有防锈、抗腐蚀的特点。
二、优化设计为了优化排气系统的效率和性能，一些制造商开始进行排气系统液力动力学和声学模拟分析，以优化管道尺寸、形状、长度和排气喉口设计。
这些优化的设计可以有效降低系统内部的压力损失和排气噪声，从而提升了排气系统的效率和性能。
例如，一些排气系统采用的“四二一”排气管设计，可让排气系统在高速行驶时提供更好的动力输出，同时也有更好的减震效果。
还有一些排气系统采用的“变形”排气喉口设计，能够调节排气口的面积，降低噪声，提高排气效率。
三、采用先进的工艺和技术随着科技的发展，一些制造商也采用了先进的工艺和技术来制造排气系统，提高效率和性能。
例如，一些排气系统采用了液态模铸造和3D打印技术，提高了部件的质量和精度。
而且，采用先进的焊接技术可以促进管道的流动，降低排气噪声，提高排放效率。
还有一些先进的技术，例如variable valve timing和宽幅带delayed opening，可以根据发动机的工作状态提高排气效率，从而提升汽车的性能和效率。
总之，排气系统改装是汽车改装中的一项重要的中心内容，改装者们在改装时一定要注意选择合适的材料和技术，以达到最好的改装效果。
汽车排气系统部件与设备中英文对照表1汽车排气系统总成：Exhaust System Assembly2带排气歧管催化器：manifold Catalytic converter3直接安装型催化器:Direct-Fit Catalytic Converter4通用型三元催化器:Universal Catalytic Converter5铸件型三元催化器：Front Casting Catalytic Convert6汽车消声器：Exhaust muffler7排气歧管：manifolds8汽车催化转化器:Catalytic converter9壳体：Shells10隔热护罩：heat shields11锥形端盖：cones12法兰：flanges13镀铝板：Aluminum-plating14镀锌板：Zinc-plating15不锈钢：Stainless steel16汽车排气歧管〔铸造〕：Exhaust manifold (casting)17汽车排气歧管〔冲压〕：Exhaust manifold (stamping)18贵金属：precious metal19陶瓷载体：Ceramic carrier20金属载体：Metal carrier21膨胀衬垫:intumescent mat22橡胶挂钩：Exhaust System Hanger23稀土试剂:Rare earth reagents24不锈钢板:Stainless steel plate25不锈钢管:Stainless steel pipe26氧传感器:Oxygen sensor27法兰:Flange28垫片：gasket29冲压散件:Stamping parts30镀铝板:Aluminum-plating plate31镀铝管：Aluminum-plating tube32催化器密封垫：Catalytic Converter Gasket33排气胀紧箍：Exhaust Clamp34排气法兰垫片：Exhaust Flange Gasket35排气法兰：Exhaust Flange Kit36排气隔热罩：Exhaust Heat Shield37排气螺母和弹簧：Exhaust Manifold Bolt & Spring38排气歧管垫片：Exhaust Manifold Gasket39排气歧管加热：Exhaust Manifold Heat Riser40排气消声器卡子：Exhaust Muffler Strap41排气管：Exhaust Pipe42排气弹簧螺丝：Exhaust Stud Kit43排气系统橡胶挂钩：Exhaust System Hanger44排气歧管内密封垫：Intake Manifold Gasket - Perform45镀锌板/管:Zinc-plating plate/tube46隔音石棉:Soundproofed asbestos47海绵钯粉:Sponge palladium powder48海绵铂粉:Sponge platinum powder49海绵铑粉:Sponge Rhodium Powder50丝网:Wire Mesh51焊丝：Welding wire52波纹管:Flex pipe53氩弧焊:Argon-arc Welding Machine54直缝焊:Straight seam welding machine55缝焊机:Seam welding machine56机器手:Robotic Arms57双枪焊:Double gun welding machine58仿型焊:Copy type welding machine59剪板机:Plate shearing machine60卷圆机:Rolling machine61胀管机:Tube expansion machine62缩管机:Shrink tube machine63煨管机:Simmer tube machine64打口机:Mouth-digging machine65翻边机:Flanging machine66轧口机:roll-installing machine67轧花机:Crimped machine68封盖机：Capping machine69冲孔机：Punching machine70刻字机：Lettering machine71装芯机：Core loading machine72纵缝咬合机：longitudinal seam occlusion machine73薄板卷筒点焊：Sheet roll spot welding74卷点成型焊机：Roll-forming welding machine75载体烧结炉：Carrier sintering furnace76催化剂烧结炉：Catalyst sintering furnace77超声波雾化器：Ultrasonic-wave atomizer78立式卷筒成型机：Vertical roll forming machine79立式双端翻边机：Vertical double-ended flanging machine80立式载体压入机：Vertical carrier-pressing machine81贵金属提炼设备:Precious metals refining equipment82卧式双端定芯点焊:Horizontal double-ended fixed core spot welding 83卧式双头封盖机:Horizontal double-head capping machine84消声器壳体旋压机：Silencer shell spinning machine85卧式双端翻边机:Horizontal double-ended flanging machine86催化器壳体环焊机:Shell ring-welding machine87催化器壳体预点焊机:Shell pre-spot welding machine88卧式双端定芯点焊机:Horizontal double-ended fixed core spot welding machine 89催化器壳体旋压机:shell spinning machine90卧式双端翻边装芯一体机:Horizontal double-ended flanging& Core loading AIO machine91疲劳振动试验机〔单/双工位〕:fatigue -vibrating testing machine(single/dual-position)92气密性实验机(湿式/干式) :Air tightness testing machine (wet / dry)93管端造型机〔单/双工位〕:Pipe end molding machine (single/ dual-position)94汽车排气歧管:Exhaust manifold95汽车消声器：silence/Muffler96催化剂载体：Catalyst carrier97波纹管:Flex pipe98氧传感器:Oxygen sensor99冲压组件:Stamping components100铸铁:Cast Iron101膨胀垫intumescent mat102金属催化剂:metallic catalyst103金属载体:metal honeycomb104软连接:Flexible Bellow105抛光的: Polished106304不锈钢:SS304107赛车催化器:race catalytic converter108带法兰催化器:catalytic converter with flange109高流量催化器:High flow catalytic converter110柴油催化器:diesel catalytic converter111消声器：Muffler112催化剂载体：catalyst carrier113隔热护罩：heat shield114贵金属：precious metals115载体壳体：carrier shell116不锈钢壳体：Stainless steel shell117蜂窝芯：Honeycomb core118蜂窝眼：Cell pieces per square inch /100-400119不规则圆柱形：irregular cylindrical120汽油：Gasoline121涂层：Coating: alumina, rare-earth-zirconium composite interstitial122添加剂：Additives:123辅助材料：auxiliary materials124贵金属：precious metals125锥形端盖：cones126法兰：flanges128内燃机引擎：internal combustion engine129膨胀垫：Intumescent Mat130热膨胀：thermal expansion131中间双波纹管：middle double bellows132内衬lined inside braid133欧二标准：Eroupe II standard134欧三标准：EroupeIII standard135欧四标准：EroupeIV standard136引擎系统Automotive Engine System137压缩比Compression Ratio138引擎Engine139垫片Gasket140热控制阀Heat-Control Valve141歧管压力Manifold Pressure142歧管真空Manifold Vacuum143三元触媒转换器Three-Way Catalytic Converter144共振器Resonator145电子燃料喷射Electronic Fuel-Injection System146氧气感知器Oxygen Sensor147进气管Intake148空气过滤器冬菇头air filter149排气管、尾喉、死气喉Exhause150废气管Exhaust Gas Pipe151排气管卡扣Exhaust Pipe Snap152消声器接口垫Muffler Gasket Joint153消音器尾喉Muffler Tail Pipe154排气岐管隔热板Exhaust Manifold Thermal Baffle155排气系统排气门Exhaust System Exhaust Valve156排气管尾喉Exhaust Tail Pipe157排气系统涡轮增压器Exhaust System Turbocharger158消声器进气管Muffler Intake Pipe159排气凸轮轴Exhaust Camshaft160排气歧管垫Exhaust Manifold Gasket161催化转换器隔热罩Catalytic Converter Heat Shield162催化转换器上隔热罩Catalytic Converter Heat Shield(top) 163排气管吊耳Exhaust Lifting Lug164排气管隔热罩Exhaust Heat Shield165排气管接口垫Exhaust Gasket Joint166排气管装饰罩Exhaust Decorative Cover167排气歧管上隔热罩Exhaust Manifold Heat Shield(top) 168排气歧管下隔热罩Exhaust Manifold Heat Shield(down) 169消声器排气管Muffler Exhaust Pipe170前段排气管Front Exhaust Pipe。
排气系统排气系统的主要作用是降低排气噪声，防止排气泄漏，保持排气畅通，特别是排气系的阻力非常重要，如果阻力过大，将引起发动机输出功率降低，油耗增加，自由加速烟度过大，有害排放物增多，整车加速也将受到影响，因此对排气系统的结构设计应给予足够重视。
发动机排气压力一般为0.3~0.5Mpa ，温度为500℃~700℃，这表明排气具有一定的能量，同时由于排气具有间歇性，在排气管内引起排气压力的脉动。
若将发动机排气直接排放到大气中必将产生强烈的噪音。
排气消声器是具有吸声衬里或特殊形式的气流管道，它是通过逐渐降低排气压力和衰减排气脉动，使排气能量消耗殆尽。
它不但要满足车辆噪声的要求，又要满足排气阻力的要求，还要满足消耗功率尽可能少的要求。
因此，消声器的设计很重要。
1.排气消声器容积的选择方法（一）：美国Nelson 消声器公司推荐消声器容积计算公式式中：从公式中可以看出，消声器容积与发动机排量成正比。
方法（二）：方法（三）：根据实验，一般消声器的大小为发动机排量的3-5倍，客车不同于轿车，有较大空间布置消声器，因此，消声器可选择较大尺寸，在此我们可以选择消声器为发动机排量的5倍。
还有几种计算消声器容积的方法，在此不一一列举。
值越大消声器级别越高可取修正系数发动机排量，冲程数缸数发动机转速消声器容积Q Q V i r n V st ,,62,L.min /,-------τ）（L V *)A A A (st 321++=V2. 排气流量的计算Q=（b T +273）ψi Q /（s T +273） 式中：b T ——排气温度，℃；s T ——进气温度，℃；ψ——取0.98i Q ——进气流量3. 排气管径的计算排气管的直径为d ，则排气管的截面积为：排气气流的速度为v ，则根据实验要求，一般要求排气速度在70—90m/s ，从而求得排气管直径。
进而，选择接漏合适的消声器。
4. 排气管长度的计算（1）发动机基频噪声的计算实验中发现，随着尾管长度的增加，消声器的截止频率移向低频区域，消声效果也增加。
res排气Res排气：提升汽车性能的重要部件引言汽车是现代生活中不可或缺的交通工具，而提升汽车性能已成为许多车主关注的重要问题之一。
在众多汽车性能改进方面，排气系统是一个值得注意的组成部分。
排气系统的改进可以显著影响车辆的动力性能、燃油经济性和驾驶体验。
本文将重点介绍Res排气，探讨它在提升汽车性能方面的作用和优势。
1. Res排气的背景和定义Res排气是一种专门针对汽车排气系统的改进部件。
它可以代替传统的排气管系统，通过改变气流动力学和减少排气背压来提高汽车的性能。
相比传统排气系统，Res排气具有更高的流量和更低的阻力，使得废气更加顺畅地排出，同时还可以提高发动机的输出功率。
2. Res排气的工作原理Res排气的工作原理是利用其特殊的内部结构设计，将废气快速导向排气管，并优化气流动力学效应。
它通常包括多个螺旋形管道和附加的中段壳体。
螺旋管的设计可以有效地减少废气的涡流和反射，从而降低背压，提高排气效率。
同时，中段壳体可以帮助平衡排气流量，使得气流更加均匀。
3. Res排气的优势和好处使用Res排气可以带来许多优势和好处。
首先，它可以显著提高汽车的动力性能。
通过降低排气背压，增加气流流量，Res排气可以减少发动机需用的能量，提高功率输出，从而使汽车更具爆发力。
其次，Res排气还能改善燃油经济性。
通过提高排气效率，可以降低发动机工作过程中的能量损失，使燃料更加有效地燃烧。
这将导致更低的燃油消耗和更少的尾气排放。
此外，Res排气还可以提升驾驶体验。
它可以改变汽车发动机的声音，使其更加沉稳而醇厚。
这对于一些追求驾驶激情和个性化的车主来说尤为重要。
最后，Res排气的可靠性和耐用性也是其优势之一。
由于其特殊的结构设计和高质量的材料制造，Res排气具有更长的使用寿命，并可以承受更高的温度和压力。
4. Res排气的适用范围Res排气适用于各种类型的汽车，包括轿车、SUV、跑车等。
无论是家用车还是赛车，都可以通过安装Res排气来改善汽车性能和驾驶体验。
Automobile emissions control covers all the technologies that are employed to reduce the air pollution-causing emissions produced by automobiles. Exhaust emissions control systems were first required on 1966 model year vehicles produced for sale in the state of California, followed by the United States as a whole in model year 1968. the overall reduction in pollution has been much slower. The emissions produced by a vehicle fall into three basic categories:Tailpipe emissions: This is what most people think of when they think of vehicle air pollution; the products of burning fuel in the vehicle's engine, emitted from the vehicle's exhaust system. The major pollutants emitted include:Hydrocarbons: this class is made up of unburned or partially burned fuel, and is a major contributor to urban smog, as well as being toxic. They can cause liver damage and even cancer.Nitrogen oxides (NOx): These are generated when nitrogen in the air reacts with oxygen under the high temperature and pressure conditions inside the engine. NOx emissions contribute to both smog and acid rain.Carbon monoxide (CO): a product of incomplete combustion, carbon monoxide reduces the blood's ability to carry oxygen and is dangerous to people with heart disease. Carbon dioxide (CO2): Emissions of carbon dioxide are an increasing concern as its role in global warming as a greenhouse gas has become more apparent.Particulates. Particle of micron size.Sulphur oxide (SOx) General term for oxides of sulphur, mostly sulfur dioxide and some sulfur trioxide, from coal or unrefined oil.Tailpipe emissions controlTailpipe emissions control can be categorised into three parts:Increasing engine efficiencyIncreasing vehicle efficiencyCleaning up the emissionsIncreasing engine efficiencyEngine efficiency has been gradually improved with progress in following technologies: Electronic ignitionFuel injection systemsElectronic control unitIncreasing vehicle efficiencyContributions to the goal of reducing fuel consumption and related emissions come fromlightweight vehicle designminimized air resistancereduced rolling resistanceimproved powertrain efficiencyincreasing spark to the spark plug (this topic should be under the ignition system) regenerative brakingEach of these items breaks down into a number of factors.Increasing driving efficiencySignificant reduction of emissions come fromdriving technique (some 10-30% reduction)unobstructed traffic conditionscruising at an optimum speed for the vehiclereducing the number of cold startsCleaning up the emissionsAdvances in engine and vehicle technology continually reduce the amount of pollutants generated, but this is generally considered insufficient to meet emissions goals. Therefore, technologies to react with and clean up the remaining emissions have long been an essential part of emissions control.Air injectionA very early emissions control system, the Air injection reactor (AIR) reduces the products of incomplete combustion (hydrocarbons and carbon monoxide) by injecting fresh air into the exhaust manifolds of the engine. In the presence of this oxygen-laden air, further combustion occurs in the manifold and exhaust pipe. Generally the air is delivered through an engine-driven 'smog pump' and air tubing to the manifolds.Exhaust Gas RecirculationMany engines produced after the 1973 model year have an exhaust gas recirculation valve between the exhaust and intake manifolds; its sole purpose is to reduce NOxemissions by introducing exhaust gases into the air/fuel mixture, lowering peak combustion temperatures.Catalytic convertersThe catalytic converter is a device, placed in the exhaust pipe, which converts various emissions into less harmful ones using, generally, a combination of platinum, palladium and rhodium as catalysts.They make for a significant, and easily applied, method for reducing tailpipe emissions. The lead emissions were highly damaging to human health, and its virtual elimination has been one of the most successful reductions in air pollution.Evaporative emissions controlEfforts at the reduction of evaporative emissions include the capturing of vented vapors from within the vehicle, and the reduction of refuelling emissions.Capturing vented vaporsWithin the vehicle, vapors from the fuel tank are channelled through canisters containing activated carbon instead of being vented to the atmosphere. These are known as carbon canisters. The vapors are adsorbed within the canister, which feeds into the inlet manifold of the engine.Emission TestingIn 1966, the first emission test cycle was enacted in the State of California measuring tailpipe emissions in PPM (parts per million). The Environmental Working Group used California ASM emissions data to create an Auto Asthma Index that rates vehicle models based on emissions of hydrocarbons and nitrogen oxides, the chemicals that create smog.Some cities are also using a technology developed by Dr. Stedman,of University of Denver which uses lasers to detect emissions while vehicles pass by on public roads, thus eliminating the need for owners to go to a test center. Stedman's laser detection of exhaust gases is commonly used in metropolitan areas.-----------------------------------------Emission control systems in automotive applications can trace their beginnings to the smoggy skies that were noted over the city of Los Angeles after the end of World War II. There were of course cars before the war and air pollution problems as a result of theactivities of steelmaking, oil refining, and coal burning power plants were well known by then. Air Pollution in those days was for the most part written off as the price of progress, but as automobiles streamed onto the nation's ever-expanding highway system in unprecedented numbers in the 1950s, the pollution problems caused by their use, along with pollution caused by industrial sources could no longer be dismissed as an annoyance.Tailpipe emissions from automobiles fall into 5 major categories:Unburned HydrocarbonsOxides of NitrogenCarbon MonoxideSulfur DioxideCompounds of LeadIn addition, automobiles also generate several secondary sources of pollution. These Include:Evaporative Emissions from fuel vapors, which find their way into the airWater pollution, from fluids that leak from cooling systems, engines, and transmissions. Hazardous Waste from discarded fluids, tires, batteries, and the like.Asbestos fibers from brake linings and clutches.A bit about the nature of automotive air pollutantsUnburned Hydrocarbons are the result of incomplete combustion of fuel in an engine. Theoretically, if an engine burns its fuel perfectly, there should be little or no unburned hydrocarbons. Skipping all the chemistry equations, if there is one part gasoline vapor by volume to 15 parts air, the fuel should burn perfectly, producing only carbon dioxide and water vapor as byproducts. In practice, this is difficult to do with a carbureted engine operating over a wide variety of temperatures, fuel formulations, and load conditions. Blowby, which is combustion gasses escaping past piston rings (or Apex Seals for you Wankel buffs) is also a major source of unburned hydrocarbons.Carbon Monoxide is formed when combustion takes place when there is a shortage of oxygen. Carbon Monoxide wants to be Carbon Dioxide, but can't find another oxygenatom combine with. This makes it very reactive, and will bind with Hemoglobin, rendering it useless to transport oxygen in the blood. Small amounts of breathed CO cause headaches and fatigue, but Carbon Monoxide can kill if breathed in large enough amounts. In the Steel industry, Carbon Monoxide is used to pull the oxygen out of Iron Oxide to form pure Iron, but it is bad news in your bloodstream. CO can form in large amounts if too much fuel is allowed into the cylinders, or there are pockets of too rich a fuel-air mixture in the cylinders.Oxides of Nitrogen form Smog when exposed to sunlight, and form when combustion temperatures exceed 2,300 F, forcing Oxygen and atmospheric Nitrogen (N2) to combine in a sort of chemical shotgun wedding. Like the human kind of shotgun weddings, these types of bonds are unstable and form reactive compounds under the right conditions. They form when preignition occurs, but also form under conditions of normal operation as well, particularly in high performance applications.Sulfur Dioxide is a byproduct of burning sulfur, a common impurity in many fuels. Sulfur Dioxide can combine with water to form Sulfuric Acid, a very corrosive chemical which can corrode metals, etch paint, and render lakes too acid to support aquatic life. Control primarily consists of removing sulfur from fuel at the refinery.A Timeline of Automotive Emission Controls1966: California implements the first emissions standards in the nation.Early emission controls consisted of a PCV Valve, which provided positive crankcase ventilation while routing blowby gasses back into the air intake to be reburned in the engine. This was a great help in reducing emissions from unburned hydrocarbons, but did little to reduce Nitrogen Oxide emissions or Carbon Monoxide emissions. California cars also got fixed high-speed carburetor jets, and saw other tweaks to engine tuning to reduce other emissions. California, then and now served as a laboratory for nationwide deployment for more advanced emission controls.1968: Emission Controls were implemented NationwideNationwide crankcase emission controls were implemented in new cars, and were similar to 1966 California cars. Light Trucks started to get emission controls a few years later. For a long time, emission standards for light trucks tended to lag those of automobiles, but thegap has narrowed over time. Air injection was introduced into California vehicles, in an effort to reduce CO and Unburned Hydrocarbons.1969-1971: A gradual tightening of standards:Compression ratios were dropped to reduce Nox emissions, and carburetion was leaned out to lower CO and HC emissions. This was the beginning of the end of the muscle car, at least in its original raw form. Air Injection and Exhaust Gas Recirculation made its way into more vehicles.1971: The Clean Air Act was passedThe Clean Air Act mandated drastic reductions in emissions over the next decade. The Clean air Act also mandated the eventual removal of tetraethyl lead from automotive fuels. Detroit's Big Three howled in protest, complaining that the new standards at best would be hugely expensive, or impossible to meet. In the automaker's research and development laboratories, a number of approaches were developed, and were the forerunner of modern emission controls. Ford had a program called Programmed Combustion, Honda developed the Stratified Charge Engine, and technologies such as electronically controlled carburetors, electronic ignition, catalytic converters, and the beginnings of computerized engine management systems were developed over the next several years.1972 to 1975: Emission Controls and the Energy Crisis take a bite out of DetroitThe early to mid `70s were the darkest years for Detroit. Work on new technologies was feverishly going on in the lab and on the test track. What found its way into the average car however, was lowered compression ratios to allow operation on 87 octane unleaded gas, lean tuning to reduce unburned hydrocarbons, air injection, and exhaust gas recirculation to reduce peak combustion temperatures. An energy crisis followed the arab oil embargo of 1973, forcing gas prices up and prompted implementation of the much hated 55 mph speed limit in the United States. American cars of this era for the most part ran terribly, hobbled by lean tuning, low compression ratios, and an increasingly crowded engine compartment featuring a rats nest of new plumbing and wiring. They ran even worse when these quickly designed systems became balky. Stalling and hesitation were common problems, and people forced to drive them often resorted to removing emission controls in an attempt to restore some driveability. Emission controls of the time had a negative effect on fuel economy, aggravating an already bad fuel supply situation.1975 saw the widespread introduction of the Catalytic Converter, which allowed automakers to restore at least some driveability to their offerings, but performance was still a shadow of its late 1960s levels. An informal comparison of vehicles our family owned during the late `70s shows how much performance dropped. We owned a 1970 Chrysler Town and Country with a 383 cubic inch engine with a 2-barrel carburetor, which would run on regular gas. It got about 13 mpg around town, 17 on the highway, and had a top speed of about 110 miles per hour, even loaded to the roof. We also had a 1976 Ford LTD Wagon with a 400 cubic inch engine and a 2-barrel carburetor, and in most other respects they were very similar cars. The LTD got 10 mpg around town, 14 on the highway, and had a top speed of barely 100 mph. As performance dropped through the `70s, carmakers also limited the top indicated speed on the speedometer to 85 mph on most cars. Performance became a four letter word, and instead automakers chose to emphasise styling and accessories in their large cars, and fuel economy in their smaller models.1976-1980: Downsizing and the introduction of electronics under the hoodThe dark years for Detroit continued, though sales perked up for a while as gas prices stabilized from 1975 through 1978. Detroit engineers also faced the challenge of improving the fuel economy of their fleets, while also meeting stricter safety standards. General Motors trimmed nearly 1,000 pounds and about 100 cubic inches from their full size cars. Ford's new LTD in 1979 looked suspiciously like their old Ford Fairmont, a much smaller vehicle. The new "premium" LTD Landau was still over a foot shorter, and had an engine 100 cubic inches smaller than the 1978 model. Catalytic Converters, combined with air pumps, exhaust gas recirculation, lean tuning, and electronic ignition on most vehicles allowed most cars to meet increasingly strict emissions standards, but many of the larger engines could not meet the newer standards. The second energy crisis in 1979, combined with emissions problems with many larger V8 engines made engines over 400 cubic inches nearly extinct by the end of the decade, except in the Cadillac Sedan de Ville and 3/4 ton and larger pickups.Technology by the end of the 1970s for most vehicles made in North America consisted of Catalytic Converters, combined with air pumps, exhaust gas recirculation, lean tuning, and electronic ignition on most vehicles. The end of the decade also saw the beginning ofelectronic engine management systems. My 1978 Plymouth Horizon had a spark control computer to control ignition timing and my brother's 1979 Plymouth Horizon TC3 had an electronically controlled carburetor in addition to the ignition timing.Overseas, emissions standards were getting stiffer as well, particularly in Western Europe and Japan. Honda, Mercedes-Benz, and Volkswagen were able to meet US and even California emissions standards without needing a catalytic converter.Diesel Engines and other technologiesMercedes-Benz and Volkswagen were able to meet the standards for emissions by using diesel engines in their cars. Diesel Engines tend to produce pretty low emissions without extra equipment, though they do produce a fair amount of soot which was not a pollutant of concern at the time. Diesel Engines also allowed for greater fuel efficiency, a Volkswagen Rabbit Diesel was able to get nearly 50 miles a gallon, at the time. Mercedes Benz had built diesel vehicles since the `30s, and by the late `70s, they had developed an almost legendary reputation for design, durability, and fuel economy as well. A late `70s 240D got 25 miles per gallon, not bad considering that a similarly sized American car of the time got about 17 mpg.General Motors got into the diesel act in 1978 with a diesel engine option in full-sized Oldsmobiles, Buicks, and Cadillacs. A 4 cylinder diesel Chevette was also sold for a few years as well, which got nearly 50 mpg. In the fuel-starved days of 1980, they were a popular option, despite their slower acceleration, noise, and $1,000 premium compared to the gasoline powered model. What the buyer got in return was a full-sized car that got nearly 30 miles per gallon on the highway. What the buyer didn't get was an engine designed from the ground up as a diesel, but a converted gasoline engine based on the proven 350 cubic inch small-block V8. Diesel Engines operate at very high compression ratios, up to 22 to 1, and the extreme stresses placed on the engine internals caused many of these engines to self-destruct before they even had 50,000 miles on them. If the engines had managed to get a diet of high-quality fuel, the stiffened internals of the GM Diesels compared to their gasoline counterparts would have been adequate to hold up. The root of the problem turned out to be the fact that the injector pumps corroded from exposure to moisture and acids present in the poor quality of diesel fuel commonly available at the time, combined with an inadequate filtration system to remove theseimpurities. A damaged injector pump would cause improper timing and amount of fuel to be injected, causing the cylinder pressures to go sky-high eventually blowing the head gasket. Once the head gasket blew, it usually didn't take long for the rest of the engine to self-destruct. General Motors had to replace many of these engines under warranty, and within 5 years the diesel engine option was dropped. Regrettably this gave not only GM a black eye, but gave diesel engines as viable automobile powerplants a black eye as well, at least in the eyes of most Americans. Diesels gained wider acceptance as alternatives to big-block V8 gasoline engines in medium duty trucks, delivery vehicles, and school busses, but have not seen a rebirth in domestic cars, though they outnumber gasoline cars in Western Europe today.Honda was able to meet 1975 standards by use of a novel gasoline engine called a Stratified Charge Engine, which Honda dubbed the CVCC. The engine featured a cylinder head with 3 valves per cylinder, and a special carburetor. The carburetor featured a main section which provided a lean fuel-air mixture for most of the volume in the cylinder, and a section which provided a richer mixture in the area near the spark plug. The enriched layer of mixture ensured reliable ignition, while the main charge was lean enough to suppress formation of unburned hydrocarbons, oxides of Nitrogen and Carbon Monoxide. The carefully designed combustion chamber promoted swirling combustion, which ensured complete burning of the fuel-air mix. Honda was able to avoid putting Catalytic Converters on their vehicles until well into the 1980s.汽车排放控制涵盖所有技术,用来减少空气pollution-causing由汽车所排放的废气。
车辆排气系统设计规范车辆排气系统设计规范1、目的随着环保法规对车辆排放的要求越来越高，排气系统在车辆的系统组成和系统设计中，越来越占有重要的地位。
为使排气系统满足各阶段国家及地方法规的要求，提高对排气系统的设计和制造质量水平，需对车辆的排气系统的设计提出较规范的要求，以便在设计和制造过程中，参照执行。
2、设计规范2.1 排气系统及消声器的设计输入2.1.1 车辆产品的排气系统的配置和走向，依所配车辆的总体结构布置的需要来设计。
而消声器的性能开发则需要依所配发动机及其对排气系统的具体要求。
在初步设计选型时，应将发动机的有关性能参数及其上的关键件的基准要素等（如曲轴箱后端面与曲轴主轴线的交点坐标、动力线偏移量及倾角等），作为设计条件输入设计，作为消声器选型及性能开发的依据之一。
并根据国家、地方及企业有关法规和标准的要求，对系统和消声器的性能设计目标提出要求，见附录1。
2.1.2 排气系统及其消声器在进行初步选型设计时，必须对系统进行结构方案分析和匹配计算分析，并提供选型设计分析报告，见附录2。
2.2 设计原则2.2.1 排气系统及其消声器的设计，应使排气阻力尽可能的小，以使其对发动机的功率损失尽可能小。
2.2.2 排气系统及其消声器要有较好的音质和较低的音强，即应有较大的插入损失。
2.2.3 排气系统及其消声器要有较好的外观和内在质量及较长的使用寿命。
2.3 排气系统的设计要求和布置2.3.1 排气管内径的确定在结构布置允许的情况下，排气管内径应尽可能大些，以降低管道内得气流速度，减少气流阻力产生的功率损失和再生噪声。
一般应≥发动机排气歧管出口内径。
或根据发动机排量等参数，按公式(1) 计算初步确定排气管内径。
D=2 √Q/(πV) (1)式中：Q—发动机排量；V—气流速度，一般取50~60 m/s 。
2.3.2 排气管的布置和转弯，应使排气尽可能顺畅。
管的中心转弯半径一般应≥（1.5~2）D，其折弯成型角应大于90º，以大于120º为宜。
汽车排气系统图解汽车排气系统图解汽车排气系统组成图解汽车排气系统作为汽车用于收集和排放废气的系统，一般是由排气歧管，排气温度传感器，汽车消声器，排气管，催化转换器和排气尾管等6部分构成的，有时也包含了尾管和共振器。
排气歧管：排气歧管直接连接在排气孔后，再结合为一。
排气歧管在设计上会尽量让各缸的阻力相同，以让排气顺畅。
废气自汽缸排出后，随即进入排气歧管，各缸的排气歧管汇集后，经过排气管将废气排出。
而就如进气歧管一样，气体在排气歧管内也是以脉冲的方式离开引擎。
催化转换器：催化转换器中主要含有铂、铑、钯等贵金属元素，铂是控制CO的排放，钯是控制HC的排放，铑是控制NO的排放。
催化转换器通常以贵重金属为原料，有氧化型催化剂、还原型催化剂及绝大多数车辆采用的三元催化转换器。
消声器：从催化转换器出来就连接到消声器了，消声器横截面是一个圆形或者椭圆形的物体，多用薄钢板焊制，装在排气系统的中部或者后部位置上，它内部有一系列隔板、腔室、孔管和管道，利用声波反射互相干扰抵消的现象，使声能逐渐消弱，用以隔离和衰减排气门每次打开时产生的脉动压力。
汽车排气系统作用汽车排气系统的主要作用就是为了排放和净化发动机工作所排出的废气，减少发动机排气产生的噪音，常常用于轻型车、客车、摩托车、微型车等类型的机动车辆上面。
汽车排气系统常见故障汽车的.使用过程中，常常由于供油系统、点火系统的故障或发动机过热、回火，造成三元催化转化器载体烧结、剥落，排气阻力增大等问题，当发生这种情况的时候，我们就需要清理一下排气系统了。
有时由于燃油或润滑油使用原因，造成催化器中毒、活性下降，催化转化效率受到影响，三元催化器内产生硫、磷络合物和沉积物，进而使汽车性能恶化，造成动力性能下降、燃油消耗增加、排放恶化等。
汽车排气系统噪声来源汽车是一个包括各种不同性质噪声的综合噪声源。
由于汽车噪声源中没有一个是完全密封的(有的仅是部分的被密封起来)，因此汽车整车所辐射的噪声就决定于各声源的声级、特性和它们的相互作用。
排气系统改装的专业知识和技能要求在汽车改装中，排气系统改装是最常见的一种改装方式。
它不仅可以提高汽车的性能，还能让汽车发出更为浑厚的声浪，使得驾驶更加有趣。
但是，排气系统改装也是最容易出现问题的一种改装方式。
因此，想要进行排气系统改装，需要具备一定的专业知识和技能。
本文将介绍排气系统改装的专业知识和技能要求。
一、了解排气系统的结构和原理排气系统是汽车内燃机的一个重要组成部分，它由排气歧管、前消声器、后消声器、尾管等几部分组成。
排气歧管负责将多个汽缸排放的废气集中到一起，前消声器和后消声器则起到减少噪音的作用，尾管则负责排出废气。
在进行排气系统改装时，必须了解排气系统的结构和原理，才能对其进行改造。
例如，只有了解前消声器的作用，才能选择合适的前消声器进行替换。
除了了解排气系统的结构和原理外，还需要了解排气系统对汽车性能的影响。
排气系统对汽车的功率、扭矩、油耗等有着重要的影响。
因此，在进行排气系统改装时，必须根据自己的需求和车型特性，选择合适的排气系统。
二、选择合适的排气系统材质和口径在进行排气系统改装时，需要选择合适的排气系统材质和口径。
排气系统材质一般有不锈钢、镁铝合金、钛合金等。
不锈钢排气系统具有耐腐蚀、耐高温等优点，但相对来说比较重；镁铝合金排气系统较轻，但价格较高；钛合金排气系统具有轻量化、高强度等特点，但价格更为昂贵。
因此，在选择排气系统材质时，需要根据自己的需求和预算做出选择。
排气系统口径是指排气系统内的管径大小。
口径的选取与汽车功率、转速、废气量等有关。
一般来说，口径越大，汽车的排气量就越大，功率和扭矩也会相应提高。
但是，口径过大也会导致排气不畅，影响汽车性能。
因此，在选择排气系统口径时，需要根据车型车速转速等进行具体分析。
三、掌握排气系统的改装技巧排气系统改装需要掌握一些专业的技巧。
首先，需要制定改装方案，并严格按照方案进行改装。
其次，需要注意排气系统的连通性，避免改装后发生漏气等问题。
尾气抽排系统简介尾气抽排系统是指一种用于排放车辆尾气中的有害物质的装置。
随着汽车保有量的增加，机动车尾气对环境和人体健康造成的影响日益凸显，因此尾气抽排系统的使用变得越来越重要。
尾气抽排系统通常由排气管、催化转化器、消声器和排气管尾端组成。
其目的是将车辆排放的废气中的有害物质（如一氧化碳、氮氧化物和颗粒物）净化处理，并降低噪音。
排气管排气管是尾气抽排系统的重要组成部分。
它连接到发动机的排气歧管，将废气导向至后面的催化转化器。
排气管一般采用不锈钢制造，具有耐高温、耐腐蚀的特性。
另外，排气管还需要考虑车辆的悬挂系统，以防止与地面的接触和碰撞。
催化转化器催化转化器是尾气抽排系统中的核心组件。
其作用是将废气中的有害物质转化为无害的气体。
催化转化器中通常包含有催化剂，如铂、钯和铑等贵金属，用于催化化学反应。
常见的催化转化器有三元催化转化器和颗粒捕集催化转化器。
三元催化转化器主要用于减少一氧化碳、氮氧化物和非甲烷总烃的排放。
颗粒捕集催化转化器则主要用于捕集颗粒物，如柴油车排放的颗粒物。
催化转化器工作的效率受到温度的影响，因此通常需要具有较高的排气温度才能发挥最佳效果。
因此，在冷启动阶段，催化转化器的净化效果较差。
消声器消声器是尾气抽排系统中的另一个重要组件。
其作用是降低车辆排气时产生的噪音。
消声器的结构通常由内管和外壳组成。
内管上安装有吸音材料，可以吸收和减低声音的传播。
消声器的设计需要根据车辆的排气量和噪音要求进行匹配，以确保噪音能够在合理的范围内。
监测和维护尾气抽排系统的监测和维护对于确保系统的正常运行至关重要。
在车辆的定期保养中，应检查排气管、催化转化器和消声器的连接是否紧固，并查看是否存在漏气和损坏现象。
此外，在催化转化器部分还需要检查催化剂是否存在损坏和堵塞。
为了更好地降低尾气的排放，尾气抽排系统的监测也变得越来越重要。
通过安装尾气排放监测装置，可以实时监测车辆尾气中的有害物质排放情况，从而及时采取措施进行处理和改善。
半导体工厂排气系统简介一、Exhaust 功能：由于半导体厂生产流程中会用到各种各样的化学品（液态、气态），所以从机台排气端把有异味的酸、碱、有机物等有害的气（或水气混合物）通过负压抽至主系统中，然后处理至达标是exhaust 系统的主要功能，同时也需要把配合真空系统将chamber/gas box 中可能泄露的有毒有害特气抽至主系统中，再经过净化或回收处理达到排放标准后排至大气。
当涉及exhaust hook up安装施工部分时，一般指从POU 到take-off point部分，因工艺设备move in时间与主系统施工并非同时进行，故一般不涉及主系统的排气系统，设备定位后，开始hook up部分施工。
按排气性质差别，一般分为如下几类：GEX:general exhaust (主要是机台的发热等产生的一般的空气，也包含bulk gas的gas-box的排气)SCX:scrubber exhaust(主要指酸气及其水气混合气，也包含大多数的特气的gas-box的排气以及备品柜的排气)AEX:ammonia exhaust(主要指氨水的排气，也包含DEV的排气) VEX:volatile organic compound exhaust(主要指有机物异味排气)二、Exhaust system 参数：•真空度：10~700Pa(150-200pa)••使用值/流量：200-500Pa/10~100,000 LPM；••尺寸：1/4“，3/8 “，1/2 “，2 “~ 12“；••材质：PFA，PVDF，SUS304，SUS304+coating，Galvanized ，帆布软管，铝薄软管，PVC。
••控制部件：damper 风压表;风速测量口；••主要的连接形式：法兰式，丝接式(union,flare,NPT) Clamp,喉箍式（推拔），承插式•三、风管安装前注意事项：1.风管安装的空间管理。
2.测试口的位置。
汽车英语相关词汇〔A-Z〕A Abbreviation 省略；略语Abnormal bustion 异常燃烧Abnormal knocking 异响Abnormal motion 异常运动Abrasion 磨蚀，磨损，研磨Abrasion resistance 耐磨性、抗磨性Abrasion resisting properties 耐磨性Abrasion test 磨损试验Abrasive 磨料Abrasive cloth 砂布Abrasive paper 砂纸Abrasive powder 研磨粉Abrasive resistance 耐磨性Abrasive stick 油石、磨条Abrasive stone 油石Abrasive wear 磨损，磨蚀Abrasive wheel 磨轮，砂轮Abrator 抛丸清理机Abscissa 横坐标Absolute altitude 绝对高度Absolute humidity 绝对湿度Absolute motion 绝对运动Absolute pressure 绝对压力Absolute temperature 绝对温度Absolute unit 绝对单位Absolute value 绝对值Absolute velocity 绝对速度Absorb 吸收Absorbed power 吸收功率Absorbed torque 〔测功器〕吸收扭矩Absorption 吸收Accel 加速器；加速踏板；催化剂Accelerated ageing 加速老化Accelerated life test 加速寿命试验Accelerated load test 加速负荷试验Accelerating ability 加速能力Accelerating jet 加速喷嘴Accelerating pump加速泵Accelerating resistance 加速阻力Accelerating winding加速线圈Acceleration 加速度Acceleration lane 加速车行道Acceleration limiter 加速限制器Acceleration meter加速度计Acceleration of vibration 振动加速度Acceleration performance 加速性Acceleration pickup加速度传感器Acceleration spectrum 加速度谱Acceleration vector of center of mass质心加速度矢量Accelerator 〔美〕油门〔踏板〕Accelerator jet 加速喷嘴〔量孔〕Accelerator nozzle 加速喷嘴Accelerator pedal 加速踏板Accelerator pump加速泵Accelerator vacuum switch加速踏板真空开关Accel pedal 加速踏板，油门踏板Acceptance验收Acceptance test 验收试验Accessibility 可接近性Accessories附件Accessory device 附属装置Accident 意外，事故Acmodation 适应；调节作用；居住设备Accordion 可折叠的；折叠屏风Accordion coil 折形线圈Accordion door 折叠门Accordion partition 折叠隔板Accumulation wear average 累计平均磨耗Accumulator 蓄能器，蓄电池Accuracy 精度Accuracy class 精度等级Accuracy control 准确控制Accuracy of manufacture 制造精度Accuracy of measurement 测量精度Accuracy of positioning 定位精度Accuracy of reading 读数精度Accuracy of repetition 复制精度；重复精度Accuracy of thread 螺纹精度Aceton 丙酮Acetylene 乙炔AC generator 交流发电机Acid 酸Acid-proof alloy 耐酸合金Acid-proof pipe 耐酸管Acid tanker 酸罐车Acid vapour 酸罐汽Acme thread 梯形螺纹，爱克姆螺纹Acoustic absorption 吸音Acoustic insulation 隔音Acoustic panel 吸声板Acoustimeter 声级计，噪声计Acquisition 探测；搜索Acquisition of signal 信号采集Acre 英亩Acryl 丙烯酸树脂Active braking distance 有效制动距离Active braking time 有效制动时间Active suspension 主动悬架[挂]Actuating arm 驱动臂Actuating cam 致动凸轮Actuating line 促动管路Actuating motor 伺服电动机Actuating time 促动时间Actuator 执行机构，操作机构Actuator track 滑轨Adapter 接头；适配器Adapter plate 安装板，固定板Adapter ring 接合环Adapter sleeve 紧固套，连接套Addendum 齿顶高，齿顶Addendum circle 齿顶圆Addendum face 齿顶面Additional seat 附加座椅Additional temperature error 温度附加误差Additional wheel drive control 附加驱动车轮的操纵件Adhesion 附着；附着力；Adhesion coefficient 附着系数Adhesive 黏合剂Adiabatic 绝热的Adiabatic pression 绝热压缩Adjust 调整，调节，校正Adjustable 可调节的Adjustable brush 可调电刷Adjustable fork spanner 可调叉形扳手Adjustable pedal 可调踏板Adjustable reamer 可调铰刀Adjustable seat 可调节的座椅Adjustable shutter 可调百叶窗Adjustable spanner 活动扳手Adjustable stop screw 活动止动螺钉Adjustable wheel 可调式车轮Adjustable wrench 可调扳手，活扳手Adjusting 调整用的Adjusting cam 调整凸轮Adjusting hand wheel 调整手轮Adjusting lever 调整杆Adjusting nut 调整螺母Adjusting shim 调整垫片Adjusting spring 调整弹簧Adjusting washer 调整垫圈Adjustment 调整，调节Admission cam 进气凸轮Admission cam shaft 进气凸轮轴Admittance 导纳；加工余量；通道Advanced ignition 提前点火Advancer 〔点火〕提前装置Advertising car 广告汽车Aerial 天线Aerial pollution 大气污染Aerodynamic angle of attack 气动迎角Aerodynamic body 流线形车身Aerodynamic drag 空气动力阻力Aerodynamic force 气动力Aerodynamic retarder 空气动力缓速装置[器]Aerodynamics 空气动力学Aero-stabilizer 气动力稳定装置Affinity 亲和力，亲和性After-burning 补燃，后燃，复燃After fire 消音器内爆炸；〔点火开关切断后〕自燃现象After-running 发动机惯性运转Age 年龄；老化；使用期限Age hardening 时效硬化Age resister 老化防止剂Aging 老化；时效Aiming of headlamp 前照灯对准Air bag 〔撞车保护用〕气袋Air bleeding 放气Air bleed screw 放气螺钉Air bleed valve 空气溢流阀Air booster 气压助力器Air brake 空压制动Air brake actuator 气压制动执行器Air brake antifreeze tank 气压制动防冻液罐Air brake chamber 气压制动室Air brake equalizer 气压制动补偿器Air brake governor 气压制动调节器Air brake hose dummy coupling气压制动软件管〔未连接时的〕堵头Air brake reservoir pressure indicator 贮气简压力表Air brake valve 气制动阀Air braking system 气制动系Air bypass 空气旁路Air car 气垫汽车Air chamber type bustion chamber 空气室式燃烧室Air check valve 〔空气〕单向阀Air choke 阻风门Air cleaner 空气滤清器Air cleaner bracket 空气滤清器支架Air cleaner cartridge 空气滤清器滤芯Air cleaner casing 空气滤清器外壳Air pression ga(u)ge 空气压力表Air pressor 空气压缩机Air conditioner 空调装置Air conditioning 空气调节Air conditioning control 空调装置操纵件Air cooler 空气冷却器Air cooling engine 风冷式发动机Aircraft shunt bus 机场联运客车Aircraft tire 航空轮胎Air damper 空气缓冲器Air dam skirt 气堰裙板，前阻风板Air deflector 导流板Air dryer 空气枯燥器Air duct 通气道Air exhaust filter 排气滤清器Air feed pipe 送气管Air filter 空气滤清器Air filter tell-tale 空气滤清器警报灯Air flow meter 空气流量计Air fuel ratio 空气燃料比Air ga(u)ge 气压表Air gate 气流调节门Air governor 空气调速器Air gun 空气喷枪Air hammer 空气锤Air horn 气喇叭Air hose 空气软管Air injection 空气喷射Air inlet 进气口Air inlet port 进气孔Air insulation 空气绝缘Air intake 进气，吸气Air intake filter 进气滤清器Air leak 漏气Airless injection 无气喷射Air line lubricator 气压供油中央润滑系统Air lock 气阻，气障Air nozzle喷气嘴Air outlet 出气口Air over hydraulic booster 气顶油助力器Air pipe 通气管Air pollution 大气污染Air pressure 气压Air pressure relay valve 气压继动阀Air quench hardening glass 风冷钢化玻璃Air regulating valve 空气调节阀Air relief cock 放气旋塞，放气开关Air required for bustion 燃烧必要空气量Air resistance 空气阻力Air speed governor 空气式调速器Air spoiler 空气阻流板Air sprayer 空气喷雾器Air spring 空气弹簧Air storage reservoir 储气罐Air strangler 阻风门Air strangler spindle 阻风门轴Air suction pipe 进气管，吸气管Air suspension 空气悬架[挂]Air tank 储气罐Air throttle valve 空气节气门Air-tight 气密的Air-tight chamber 气密室Air-tightness 气密性Air tube 〔轮胎〕内胎Air valve 气阀，气门Air vent 通气孔Air wiper 压缩空气式刮水器Aisle 通道Alarm device 报警装置Alarm pressure 报警压力Alcohol 酒精Alcohol-blended fuel 掺酒精的燃料Align 调整，校直，定中心Aligner 定位器，校直器，调整器；前轮定位仪Aligning(torque) stiffness 回正〔力矩〕刚度Aligning (torque) stiffness coefficient 回正〔力矩〕刚度系数Aligning torque 回正力矩Aligning torque coefficient 回正力矩系数Alignment 定位，对中心Alignment check 定位检查Alkali 碱性，强碱Alkali degreater 碱脱油剂Alkali detergent 碱去垢剂Alkohol 乙醇，酒精All dog clutch transmission 全齿套变速器Allen wrench 内六角扳手Alligator bonnet 鳄口形发动机罩Alligator shears 鳄式剪床Allowable cargo load 容许载货量Allowable deflection 容许挠度[变位]Allowable dimension variation 允许尺寸偏差All-purpose adhesive 万能胶All-sponge rubber upholstery 全海绵橡胶汽车内饰All-steel body 全钢车身All synchromesh transmission 全同步器式变速器All-weather body 全天候车身All wheel drive 全轮驱动Alternating current 交流Alternator 交流发电机Altimeter 测高仪Altitude pensating 海拔补偿Altitude control device 〔化油器〕适应高度控制油量的装置Aluminium alloy 铝合金Aluminium soap grease 铝基润滑脂Amber light 琥珀色灯光Ammeter 电流表，安培表Ammonia gas 氨〔气〕Ampere 安〔培〕Amplitude 振幅，幅度Anchor 支承销Anchor plate 支承板，支承块Angle bar 角铁Angle ga(u)ge 量角器，角度计Angle iron 角铁Angle of advance 提前角Angle of cone 锥角Angle of delay 滞后角Angle of friction 磨擦角Angle of lead 超前角Angle of lock 锁角Angle of repose 静止角Angle of retarded closing 延迟关闭角Angle of roll 侧倾角Angle of steering lock 最大转向角Angle of twist 扭转角Angular acceleration 角加速度Angular clearance 拔模斜度Angularity of connecting rod 连杆倾斜角Angular moment 转矩Angular momentum 角动量Angular wheel 圆锥齿轮Animal oil 动物油Anneal 退火Annealing 退火〔作用〕Annual average daily traffic 年平均日交通量Annual survey 年度检验Annular seat 环形座Annular spring 环形弹簧Annulus 〔行星齿轮系的〕内齿环Ante-chamber 预燃室Antenna 天线Antibacklash spring 消隙弹簧Anti-blocking brake 防抱死制动器Anticorrosion 抗蚀性Anticorrosive oil 防锈油Antidazzle screen 遮阳板Antidazzle switch 变光开关Antidetonant 抗爆剂Anti-freezer 防冻器；防冻液Antifreezing solution 防冻液Antifriction alloy 耐磨合金Antifriction bearing 滚动轴承Antiknock gasoline 抗爆汽油Anti-knock nature 抗爆性Antiknock value 抗爆值Anti-lock brake sensor 防抱死制动传感器Anti-lock brake system 防抱死制动系统Antioxidant 抗氧燃料Anti-rattle spring 防震弹簧Antiroll bar 防侧摆杆Antirust grease 防锈脂Antiscale agent 防垢剂Antiskid tread 防滑轮胎纹Antiskid tyre 防滑轮胎Anti-spatter pound 防溅剂Anti-squat 抗后坐Antiwear hydraulic oil 搞磨液压油Aperture 孔，口，缝隙，孔径Apex 反射点；顶点，顶部；填充胶条Apex seal 〔转子〕顶端密封垫片Appearance 外观，外形Appearance test 外观检验Application force 作用力Approach angle 接近角Apron 挡板；拖板箱Apron control 拖板控制Aquaplaning 水层效应；漂滑现象Aqueous ingredients 含水量Arbo(u)r 轴，心轴；芯骨Arbo(u)r press 手扳压床，矫正机Arc 电弧Arc welding 电弧焊Areometer 液体比重计Arm 臂Armature 电枢Armature changed type starter 电枢移动式起动机Armature core 电枢铁芯Armature reaction 电枢反响Armature shaft 电枢轴Armature spindle 电枢轴Armature terminal 电枢输出端接线柱Armature tester 电枢测试装置Armature winding 电枢绕组Arm of wheel 轮辐Armored motor car 装甲车Arm rest 肘靠Arm shaft 臂轴Arm support 肘靠Arm winker 臂式方向指示器Arrangement of camshaft 凸轮轴装置Articulated bus 铰接客车Articulated cross shaft 铰接式横轴Articulated jack 铰接式千斤顶Articulated joint 关节接合Articulated sixwheeler 铰接式六轮汽车Articulated utility carrier 铰接式通用载运车Articulation piece 铰接件Artificial gasoline 人造汽油Asbest(os) 石棉Asbestos-copper gasket 铜石棉衬垫Ash content 灰分，灰分量Ash tray 烟灰盘Aspect concrete pavement沥青混凝土路面Asphalt distribution truck沥青洒布车Assembly 装配，总成Assembly belt 装配传送带Assembly conveyor 装配传送线Assembly drawing 装配图Assembly jig 装配夹具Assembly part 装配零件Assembly shop 装配车间Assist grip 〔副驾驶〕扶手Asymmetrical beam 非对称光Asymmetric low beam headlamp 不对称近光束前照灯Asymptotic stability 渐近稳定性Atmospheric electricity 天电，大气电Atmospheric moisture 大气温度Atmospheric pressure pensating 气压补偿Atomising installation 喷雾装置Atomization 喷雾Atomizer 喷雾器Atomizer orifice 喷雾器喷嘴Atomizing chamber 雾化室Atomizing disc 雾化盘Attachment face 安装面Attendance 保养Audible warning (horn)control 音响警告〔喇叭〕操纵件Austenite 奥氏体Austenite steel 奥氏体钢Authorized maximum towed mass 允许最大拖挂质量Autobahn(德) 高速公路Autobicycle 摩托车，机器脚踏车Auto-body 汽车车身Autocorrelation 自相关Autocorrelation coefficient 自相关系数Autocorrelation function 自相关函数Autodrive 自动定速驾驶器Autolevelizer 自动水平调节器Autolift 举车器Automatic 自动的Automatic advance of ignition 自动提前点火Automatically advanced distributor 自动提前分电器Automatically timed magneto 自动正时磁电机Automatic antenna control 自动天线操纵杆Automatic braking system 自动制动系Automatic circuit breaker 自动断路器Automatic circulation 自动循环Automatic clutch 自动离合器Automatic control 自动操纵Automatic door closing device 自动关门装置Automatic door tell-tale 显示门未闭好的警报灯Automatic engine stop tell-tale 发动机自动停机警报灯Automatic gear change 自动换档Automatic gearbox indicator 变速器自动指示器Automaticjet control valve 自动喷孔控制阀Automatic level control 自动调平控制Automatic lubrication 自动润滑Automatic lubricator 自动润滑器Automatic mechanical transmission 自动换档机械式变速器Automatic mixture control 混合气浓度自动控制Automatic overdrive gear transmission 超越式自动变速器Automatic spark advancer 自动提前点火装置Automatic spark extinguisher 自动火花消除器Automatic starter 自动起动机Automatic steering 自动转向Automatic steering effect 自动转向(回位)效应Automatic switch 自动开关Automatic timing control 自动正时控制Automatic traffic control 自动交通管制Automatic transmission 自动变速器Automatic valve 自动阀门Automation 自动化Automobile 汽车Automobile fuel 汽车燃料Automobile styling 汽车造型Automotive body 汽车车身Automotive engineer 汽车工程师Automotive industry 汽车工业Automotive polish 汽车抛光剂Automotive trim 汽车内饰Automotive upholstery 汽车内饰件Autothermic piston 防热变形的活塞Auxiliary air valve 辅助空气阀Auxiliary box 分动箱Auxiliary brake 辅助制动器Auxiliary braking system 辅助制动系Auxiliary bulb 辅助灯泡Auxiliary bustion chamber 副燃烧室Auxiliary device 辅助装置Auxiliary exhaust 辅助排气,辅机排气Auxiliary field 辅助磁场Auxiliary filter 辅助过滤器Auxiliary frame 副车架Auxiliary fuel pump 副油泵Auxiliary headlamp 辅助前照灯Auxiliary transmission 副变速器Auxiliary valve 辅助阀Average cruising range 平均行驶X围Average speed 平均速度Awning 篷布,帐篷Awning pipe 篷杆Axial gas turbine 轴流式燃气轮机Axial pitch 轴向节距Axial thrust 轴向推力Axial water inlet 轴向进水口Axialwhirl 轴向涡流Axis of rotation 旋转轴Axis pin 销轴Axis system 坐标系Axle 轴;车轴Axle bracket 轴架Axle distance 轴距Axle drive bevel pinion 主动锥齿轮Axle housing 桥壳Axle housing straightener 桥壳校直器Axle load 轴载荷Axle shaft 驱动轴,半轴Axle shaft gear 半轴齿轮,驱动轴齿轮Axle steer 轴转向Axle tube 半轴套管,轴管Axle wrench 轴盖扳手BBaby car 微型小客车Baby truck 小型货车Back axle (汽车)后车轴Backbone frame 脊骨形底架Backbone tubular chassis 管状脊背底盘Backbone-type frame 中央梁式车架Backfire 回火,逆火Backfire check valve 防逆火单向阀Back gear 倒档Backing-off lathe 铲齿车床Backing-up lamp 倒车灯Back kick (发动机起动时)逆转Backlash 齿隙;侧向间隙Backlash adjusting screw 齿隙调节螺钉Backlash spring 消隙弹簧Back light 后窗玻璃Back mirror 后视镜Back noise 背景噪声Back panel 后围板Back plate (美) 制动底板;离合器盖Back pressure 背压,反压力Back pressure valve 背压阀Back rest 座椅靠背Back shaft 后轴Back scanner 后方障碍警报器Backspray 后溅Back squab 靠垫Back-up buzzer 倒车报警器Back-up light 倒车灯Back wall 后围Bad conductor 不良导体Bad land 崎岖地Baffle plate 隔板,导流板Baggage car 搬运车,行李车Bainite 贝氏体Bakelite 胶木;酚醛塑料Bakelite seal 胶木水封Baking 烤干Baking enamel 烘干瓷漆Balance 平衡Balance patch 平衡补片Balancer 平衡器;配重Balance shaft 平衡轴Balance weight 平衡重,平衡配量Balancing 平衡的Balancing machine 平衡机Balancing of mass 质量平衡Balancing patch 平衡片Balancing weight 平衡重Bald tire 花纹已磨光的轮胎Baling machine 包装机Ball and socket gear shifting 球座式换档装置Ball and trunion universal joint 球销式万向节Ballast resistor 附加电阻Ball bearing 球轴承Ball circuit screw 循环球螺杆Ball cup 球座Ball gear shift lever 环座式换档杆Ball cup 球座Ball gear shift lever 环座式换档杆Ball joint 球形接头Ball joint dust cover 球接头防尘套Ball knob for control lever 控制杆球头钮Ball-nut type steering gear 循环球式转向器Ballon tire 低压轮胎Ball pin 球头销Ball pivot 钢球支枢Ball race 球轴承座圈Ball retainer 轴承滚珠保持架Ball socket 球座,球窝Ball spline rzeppa universal joint 滚动花键球笼式万向节Ball stud 球头销Ball stud adjusting plug 球销调整旋塞Ball thrust bearing 推力球轴承Ball trunion 钢球支枢Ball valve 球(形)阀Ball yoke 球叉Band brake 带式制动器Band track 履带Band track chain (履带)防滑链Band type damper 板式阻尼器[减震器]Banisters 扶手Banjo (type) axle housing 整体式桥壳Bar 巴(压强单位);棒,条状物Bar iron 钢条,扁铁Barium carbonate 碳酸钡Barometer 气压计Barometric regulator 气压调节器Barrier 障碍物Base circle 基圆Bastard file 粗锉刀Batch manufacturing 批量生产Bath lubrication 油浴式润滑Bathtub type bustion chamber 浴缸式燃烧室Battery 蓄电池Battery box 蓄电池箱Battery car 电瓶车Battery cell 蓄电池单元Battery cell tester 蓄电池试验器Battery charger 充电机Battery charging condition indicator 蓄电池充电状况指示器Battery partment 蓄电池箱Battery cover 蓄电池盖Battery cradle 蓄电池架Battery filling cap 蓄电池注液盖Battery ignition 蓄电池点火Battery plate 蓄电池极板Battery plug 电源接头Battery socket 电源插头Battery support 蓄电池托架Battery terminal 蓄电池接线柱Battery tray 蓄电池座盘Baulk ring 同步齿环Baume scale 波美比重计算尺Bayonet-coupled buld 卡口灯泡Bead 胎圈,胎缘Bead base 胎圈底部Bead core 胎圈芯Bead fit pressure 胎圈密合压力Bead heel 胎踵Beading machine 弯边路,卷边机Bead ring 钢丝圈Bead ring fracture 钢丝圈断裂Bead ring wrapper 钢丝圈缠绕布Bead roughness 胎圈凹凸不平Bead seat 胎圈座Bead toe 胎趾Bead width 胎圈宽度Bead wire core 胎缘钢丝芯Beam 梁,光束Beam adjusting disk plate 调光座盘Beam center 光束中心,亮区Beam of light (前照灯)光束Bearing 轴承Bearing bush 轴承套Bearing cap 轴承盖Bearing face 支承面Bearing friction 轴承摩擦Bearing lining machine 轴承浇铸机Bearing metal 轴承合金,轴瓦Bearing pressure 支承压力,轴承压力Bearing puller 轴承拆卸器Bearing retainer 轴承保持架Bearing spacer 轴承隔圈Bearing steel 轴承钢Bell crank 曲柄Bell frame 钟形架Bell housing 钟形外壳Bellows 风箱;波纹管Bellows thermostat 波纹管式节温器Bellows type pneumatic suspension 风箱式空气悬架Bellow type container 波纹管式容器Belt 皮带；(轮胎)带束层Belt conveyor 传送带Belt drive 皮带传动Belt drive fan 皮带驱动风扇Belt fastener 传动带接头Belt pulley 皮带轮Belt stretching device 传动带拉紧装置Belt tension 传动带X力Bench seat 长凳车座Bench test 台架试验Bending 弯曲Bending moment 弯矩Bending strength 抗弯强度Bending tester 弯曲试验机Bendix-type starter 惯性接合式起动机Bend of road 道路弯度Bend of spring 弹簧拱度Bent socket wrench 弯形套简扳手Bevel gear 锥齿轮Bevel gear lapping machine 锥齿轮研磨机Bevel gear wheel 大锥齿轮Bias 斜交,斜角Bias belted tire 带束斜交轮胎Bias fabric 斜经帘布Bias ratio 差速器锁止系数Bicycle 自行车Bicycle tire 自行车轮胎Big end (连杆)大头Big end bearing 大端轴承Bimetal 双金属,复合钢材Bimetal fuel ga(u)ge 双金属油量计Bimetallic oil pressure indicator 双金属式油压指示器Bimetallic oil pressure sensor 双金属式油压传感器Bimetal strip 双金属带Bimetal thermostat 双金属式节温器Binary alloy 二元合金Binary fuel 二元燃料Binding (车身)压条Binding end cap 压条封盖Binding screw 紧固螺钉Biotechnology 生物工艺学Bite 切削刀;腐蚀Bitone horn 双音喇叭Black nut 粗制螺母Blackout 防空灯火管制Black-out lamp 防空灯Black smoke 黑烟Blade 叶片Blade angles 叶片角Blade socket 片式插座Blade spacing 叶片间距Blade terminal 接线片;片式插头Bleeder 泄放器[阀,管];排放,放油[气]Bleeder cap 放气螺钉帽Bleeder connection 放泄接头Bleeder hose 放泄软管Bleeder tube 放气[油]管Bleeding 放气,抽气Bleed screw 排气螺塞Blind crack 细微裂纹Blind hole 不通孔,盲孔Blind rivet 盲孔铆钉Blinker 闪光信号灯Blinker bulh 闪光灯泡Blinker unit 闪光报警器Blister (内外轮胎内部)气泡Block ga(u)ge 块规Blow back (内燃机的)回爆Blow by (活塞环)漏气Blowby gas 漏气Blower 鼓风机Blow-fed engine 增压发动机Blowing torch 喷灯Blowoff cock 放泄旋塞Blowout 爆(胎)Blowout magneto 喷弧式磁电机Blowout of tire 轮胎爆破Blowtorch 喷灯;焊枪Blueprint 蓝图Blue smoke 蓝烟Bluff body 钝体(汽车造型)Blunt nose 钝头型(汽车造型)Boarding ladder 登车梯Body 身;车身Body accessories 车身附件Body-chassis frame construction 非承载式车身Body dent 车身凹坑Body frame 车身骨架Body insulation 车身隔热层Body lighting 车身照明Body panel 车身板件Body shell 车身本体Body side rack 车身侧架Body skeleton 车身骨架Body skirt 车身裙部Body stake 车身栅柱Body understructure 车身底架,车身底部构件Bodywork 车身制造Bogie unit 中后轴平衡悬挂Bolster 支承板;横梁;鞍座Bolster end cover 梁端盖板Bolster trailer 鞍座式挂车Bolster truck 鞍座式货车Bolster-type 鞍座式的Bolt 螺栓Bolt strap 螺柱连锁片Bond粘接Bonded type lining 铸入式衬面Bond strap 搭铁线Bone 骨架Bonnet 发动机罩Bonnet prop 机罩支柱Bonnet side piece 发动机罩侧板Bonnet unlocking handle 发动机罩开锁把手Boost 增压Booster 增压器Booster pump增压泵Boot (汽车后部)行李箱;胎垫;皮套;防尘罩Borax 硼砂;四硼酸钠Bore 缸径;孔径Boring 钻孔,镗孔Boring machine 镗床;镗孔机Bottom dead center 下止点Bounce (簧上质量)跳动Bourdon tube pressure ga(u)ge 弹簧管式压力表Bowden cable 拉线Box body 箱式车身Box spanner 套简扳手Box truck 仓栅式货车Box-type frame 箱状车架Box wrench 套简扳手Brace 支柱;斜柱;支架;(货箱)定位拉条Bracket 支架;托架Braided wire 编织电线Brake 制动;制动器Brake action 制动作用Brake adjuster 制动调节器Brake and clutch reliner 制动器与离合器衬片拆换机Brake backing plate 制动器底板Brake band 制动带Brake band lining 制动带衬层Brake bleeding 制动器放气Brake booster 制动加力器Brake bottom plate 制动底板Brake cable 制动拉索Brake cable conduit 制动拉索管Brake caliper 制动钳Brake caliper plate yoke 制动钳板臂Brake cam 制动凸轮Brake camshaft 制动器凸轮轴Brake chamber 制动气室Blake chamber diaphragm 制动室膜片Brake chatter 制动颤振Brake clearance 制动间隙Brake pensating device 制动器均力装置Brake control 制动控制Brake control rod 制动控制杆Brake cross shaft 制动拉杆横轴Brake cylinder 制动缸Brake disc 制动盘Brake disc shield 制动盘护罩Brake distance 制动距离Brake drum 制动鼓Brake drum liner 制动鼓衬套Brake equalizer 制动器前后平衡装置Brake equalizer shaft 制动器平衡轴Brake fluid 制动液;刹车油Brake fluid reservoir 制动液贮存箱Brake flushing 制动器冲洗Brake force 制动力Brake gear 制动装置Brake hand control 手制动器控制杆Brake handle 制动手把Brake hop 制动跳跃,脱闸Brake horse power 制动马力Brake hose 制动软管Brake hysteresis 制动器滞后Brake judder 颤振Brake lamp 制动灯Brake lever 制动杆，制动手柄，制动踏板Brake lining 制动摩擦片Brake lining glue 制动摩擦片粘胶Brake lining grinding machine 制动器衬片研磨机Brake linkage 制动拉杆系统Brake master cylinder 制动主缸Brake noise 制动噪声Brake oil 制动油Brake operating valve 制动器操纵阀Brake pad 制动衬块；摩擦块Brake pad back plate 制动衬块〔摩擦块〕背板Brake pedal 制动踏板Brake pipe 制动管Brake pull rod 制动拉杆Brake quadrant 制动扇形齿轮板Brake ragging 制动拉杆系统Brake relining machine 铆制动蹄片机Brake rod 制动杆Brake shoe 制动蹄Brake shoe abutment 制动蹄支承座Brake shoe actuating camshaft 制动蹄促动凸轮轴Brake shoe carrier 制动蹄片座Brake shoe clearance 制动蹄间隙Brake shoe grinder 制动蹄片磨削装置Brake shoe holddown kit 制动蹄安装成套工具Brake shoe lining 制动蹄摩擦片Brake shoe link 制动蹄导板Brake shoe return spring 制动蹄回位弹簧Brake specific emission 〔制动〕比排放量Brake stop 制动停车Brake system application time 制动机构滞后时间Brake tension rod 制动拉杆Brake tester 制动试验台Brake valve 制动阀Braking adhesion coefficient 制动附着系数Braking deviation 制动跑偏Braking distance 制动距离Braking drag 制动拖滞Braking efficiency factor 制动器效能因数Braking effort 制动力Braking equipment 制动装备Braking failure 制动失效Braking force 制动力Braking force coefficient 制动力系数Braking force distribution rate 制动力分配率Braking hop 制动跳动〔连续离开地面〕Braking jackknifing 制动折叠Braking line 制动管〔线〕路Braking nose dive 制动点头Braking power 制动功率Braking skid 制动滑移Braking stiffness 制动刚度Braking stiffness coefficient 制动刚度系数Braking system 制动系Braking system hysteresis 制动系滞后Braking time 制动时间Braking torque 制动力矩Braking trace 制动轨迹Braking vapour lock制动气阻Braking work 制动功Branch pipe 歧管Brass 黄铜Brazing 钎焊，铜焊Break away 侧滑Break bulk cargo carrier 厢式零担运输车Breakdown lorry 修理车Breakdown truck 抢修工程车Breaker 断电器；〔轮胎〕缓冲层Breaker cam 断电器凸轮Breakerless ignition system 无触点点火系统Breaker plate 断电器板Breaker point 断电器触点Breaker point gap 断电器触点间隙Breaker strip 缓冲胶片Breaking load 破坏负荷Breaking stength 断裂强度Breather 通风装置Breather tube 通气管Breathing mask 防毒面具CCab 〔公用，出租〕汽车；驾驶室；化油器Cab assembly support 驾驶总成支座Cab-behind engine bus 长头式客车Cab body 驾驶室本体Cab closure 驾驶室隔板Cab guard 驾驶室防护板Cable 缆索；电缆Cable car 缆车Cable clip 缆索夹Cable conduit 缆索管道；电缆管道Cable laying equipment 电缆敷设设备Cable reel trailer 电缆卷筒挂车Cable shoe 电缆终端套管Cable support 缆索托架Cable terminal 电缆接头Cab lock tell-tale 驾驶室锁止警报灯Cab over 平头型〔卡车〕Cab over engine 平头驾驶室Cab-over-engine truck 平头式货车Cab-over-engine bus 平头式客车Cab over type body 平头型车身Cabriolet 活顶轿车Cab seat 司机座Cab tire 汽车轮胎Cab type body 箱形车身Cab warning 汽车〔车内〕报警器Cadmium plating 镀镉Cage 保持架Calcium carbide 碳货钙，电石Calibrated dial 校准刻度盘Calibration 校正；标定Caliper 卡钳，卡尺，圆规；制动钳Caliper disc brake 钳盘式制动器Caliper ga(u)ge 卡规Caliper plate 制动钳板Caliper rule 卡尺Caliper type brake 钳盘式制动器Calorie 卡〔热量单位〕Calorific value 发热量，热值Cam 凸轮Cam and lever type steering gear 蜗杆曲柄销式转向机构Cam and piston type hydraulic damper 凸轮活塞型液力减振器Cam angle 凸轮转角Cam bearer 凸轮支座Camber 车轮外倾Camber angle 车轮外倾角Cambered axle 有外倾车轮的轮轴Camber ga(u)ge 〔汽车前轮〕外倾角测定器Camber of spring 板弹簧拱度Camber stiffness 外倾刚度Camber stiffness coefficient 外倾刚度系数Camber thrust 外倾推力Cam bowl 凸轮滚轮Cam brake 凸轮X开式制动器Cam controlled slide 凸轮控制滑块Cam disc 盘形凸轮Cam-driven fuel pump 凸轮驱动燃油泵Cam grinding 凸轮磨削Cam-ground piston 椭圆形活塞Camion 重型载货汽车，军用卡车Cam lobe crest 凸轮凸脊Cam of double lift 双级凸轮Camouflage 伪装，迷彩Camouflage net 伪装网Camp stool 折椅Cam ring 凸轮环；〔叶片泵的〕定子Cam roller 凸轮滚轮Camshaft 凸轮轴Cam shaft bearing 凸轮轴轴承Camshaft phasing gear 凸轮轴正时齿轮Camshaft sprocket 凸轮轴链轮Camshaft thrust washer 凸轮轴止推垫圈Camshaft timing gear 凸轮轴正时齿轮Camshaft turning lathe 凸轮轴车床Can 罐；罩，金属管壳Canibalize 汽车拆件拼装Canopy 顶盖；顶篷Canopy express truck 有篷的载货汽车Canopy top 盖式车顶Cantilever spring 悬臂弹簧Canvased light van 帆布篷轻型货车Canvas top 帆布车顶Cap 帽；盖Capacitor type flasher 电容式闪光器Capacity 容量Capacity factor 〔液力变矩器〕能容系数Capacity of storage battery 蓄电池容量Capacity of tank 油箱容量Cape chisel 扁尖凿Cap nut 盖螺母Cap packing 盖衬垫Cap screw 有头螺灯Capstan 主动轴，主动轮；纹盘，起锚机Capstan nut 槽形螺母，带孔螺母Capstan winch 绞盘Capsule 囊；小容器；膜盒；膜片式传感器Car 汽车；轿车Caravan 大篷车；车队Car barn 车库Car body 车身Carbon 碳，积碳Carbon brush 碳刷Carbon brush holder 碳刷架Carbon deposit 积碳；碳质沉淀物Carbon dioxide 二氧货碳Carbon electrode 碳精电极Carbon fibre 碳纤维Carbonisation 碳化作用Carbonitriding 碳氨共渗；气体氰化Carbonization 碳化，渗碳；干馏Carbonized silicon 碳货硅，金刚砂Carbonized tungsten 一氧化碳Carbon pile regulator 碳堆式调节器Carbon-pile type current regulator 碳堆式电流调节器Carbonremover 除积碳器Carbon scraper 积碳刮除器Carbon steel 碳钢Carburet(t)er 化油器，汽化器Carburetion 汽化Carburetted air 增碳空气Carburetter air funnel 化油器空气进气喉管Carburetter body 化油器体Carburetter choke 化油器阻风门Carburetter engine 化油器式发动机Carburetter flange 化油器突缘Carburetter pipe wrench 化油器管扳手Carburizing by gas 气体渗碳Carcass 胎体，骨架Car container 汽车用集装箱Car cooler 汽车冷气设备Cardan 万向接头Cardan drive 万向节传动Cardan joint 万向节Cardan shaft 万向节传动轴Car floor 汽车底板Car ga(u)ge 汽车标准〔规格，尺寸〕Cargo floor 货箱底板Cargo gear 〔货物〕装卸设备Cargo handling 货物装卸Cargo hatch 货舱口Cargo liner 定期运货汽车Car gondola 活底高边货车，无盖货车Cargo room 货舱Cargo truck 载货卡车Car heater 汽车暖风装置Car industry 汽车工业Car lift 举车器Car polish 汽车抛光腊Carport 敞开的汽画间；停车场Car radio 汽车收音机Carrige 车辆，铁路客车；刀架，溜板，滑动架Car trim 汽车装饰件Car trunk 汽车行李箱Car washer 洗车装置Car wax 车蜡Cascade 级联；串联Cascade control 级联控制Case-hardened steel 外表硬化钢Case hardening 外表硬化Case hardening steel 渗碳钢Casing 外壳Castellated nut 槽式螺母Caster (美) 主销后倾，主销后倾距；脚轮Caster angle 主销后倾角Caster camber ga(u)ge 主销后倾和前轮外倾角测量仪Caster effect of steering 主销后倾的转向效应Casting 铸件；铸造Casting machine of cylinders 缸套浇铸机Casting mo(u)ld 铸型Casting wheel 铸造车轮Cast iron 铸铁Cast iron liner 铸铁缸套Castle nut 槽顶螺母Cast steel 铸钢Cast steel spoke wheel辐条式铸钢轮辋Catalyst 催化剂，触媒Catalytic converter 催化转化器Catalytic cracking 催化裂化Catalytic postbustion 催化后燃烧Caterpillar drive 履带驱动Cat's eye 小型反光镜Cattle transport truck 牲畜运输车Caution plate 〔汽车或机器上的〕标牌C-clamp C形夹Ceiling lamp 顶灯Cell connector 电池连接条Cell cover 电池盖Cellophane 玻璃纸；胶膜Cement 水泥；黏结剂Cementation 渗碳Cementation flux 渗碳剂Cemented carbide tool 硬质合金刀具Cemented steel 渗碳钢Center bearing 中心轴承Center bolt 中心螺栓Center brake 中央制动器Center console 中央控制台Center drill 中心孔钻Center electrode 中心电极Center ga(u)ge 定中心规Center gear 〔行星齿轮机构的〕中心轮，太阳轮Center hole grinder 中心孔磨床Centering ball 〔万向节〕定心钢球Centering device 定中心装置Centering machine 打中心孔机Center lathe 普通车床Centerless grinding machine 无心磨床Center of air pressure 风压中心Center of gravity 重心Center of gyration 回转中心Center of mass 质量中心Center of oscillation 振荡中心Center of tire contact 轮胎接地中心Center pillar 中柱Center pole 中心极；中心柱Center post 中柱Centrifugal clutch 离心式离合器Centrifugal force 离心力Centrifugal governor 离心式调速器Centrifugal ignition advancer 离心式点火提前器Centrifugal moment 离心力矩Centrifugal oil filter 离心式机油滤清器Centrifugal pump离心泵Centrifugal pump runner 离心泵叶轮Centrifugal spark advancer 离心提前机构Centrifugal speed governor 离心式调速器Centrifugal supercharger 离心式增压器Centrifugal weight 离心重块，离心重锤DDamper 减振器，阻尼器Damper oil 减振起油Damper pin 减振器销Damping 衰减；缓冲Dash board 仪表板，前围板Dash pot 缓冲简Data 数据；资料Data memory system 数据存储系统Deadener 消声材料Dead load 自重Dead weight 自重；净重Debonder 〔制动器蹄片〕剥离器Deburring machine 去毛刺机Depression cam 减压凸轮Depression cock 减压旋塞Depression shaft 减压轴Decontamination kit 去除沾染包Decorative moulding装饰线条Decorative rib 〔轮胎侧〕装饰线Decorative sidewall 装饰胎侧Defective 不合格的，故障的；次品Defectometer 探伤仪Deflection 挠度；挠曲；Deflection ratio 〔轮胎〕下沉率Defogger 除雾器Deformation 变形Deformed steel 异型钢Defroster 除霜器，除霜装置Defroster control 除霜器控制器Defroster diffusor 除霜器扩散口Degauss 去磁，退磁Degreasing 脱脂；去油Degreasing unit 脱脂装置；除油装置Degree of freedom 自由度Degree of purity 纯净度Degree of understeer 不足转向度Degree of uniformity 均匀度De-icer 除冰器；防冻器Delayed explosion 延迟爆发Delayed levelling valve 滞后水平控制阀Delining 拆下衬片Delivery pipe 供油管Delivery plug 供油塞Delivery rate 供油速度Delivery valve 供油阀Delta metal δ合金；δ黄铜；耐蚀高强度黄铜Demagnetizer 退磁器；消磁器Demister 除雾器，除霜装置Demountable 可拆卸的Demountable rim 可拆卸轮辋Demountable rim wheel 组装轮辋式车轮Densified laminated wood 紧压胶合板Densimeter 密度计Density 密度Departure angle 离去角Depolarize 退极；去极Depth ga(u)ge 深度尺；深度规Depth of camber 翘曲高度Depth of cut 切削深度Depth of thread 螺纹深度Derrick transporter 井架运输车Derusting 去锈；除锈Descaling 除垢Descending pipe 竖管道Detachable 可拆卸的Detachable engine mounting 可拆发动机支架Detachable gate 可拆式货箱板Detachable head 可拆式汽缸盖Detachable rim 可拆式轮辋Detachable truck body top 可卸式车身顶盖Detecting test of vehicle 车辆检测Detecting test station 检测站Detergent 洗涤剂；去垢剂Deterministic process 确定性过程Detonation 爆震Deviation 偏差Diagnosis 诊断Diaphragm 薄片；薄膜Diaphragm fuel pump 膜片式燃油泵Diaphragm link 膜片联臂Diaphragm link lever 膜片联臂杆Diaphragm pump 膜片泵Diaphragm spring 膜片弹簧Diaphragm spring clutch 膜片弹簧离合器Diaphragm type clutch spring 膜片式离合器弹簧Diaphragm type pneumatic spring 膜片空气弹簧Diaphragm valve 膜片阀Die 模〔冲模；硬模〕；板牙Die cast alloy 压铸合金Die casting machine 压铸机Die forging 模锻Diesel 柴油(发动)机Diesel engine 柴油机Diesel engine with air cell 空气室式柴油机Diesel engine with pre-bustion chamber 预燃烧室式柴油机Diesel engine with turbulence air chamber 涡流室式柴油机Diesel index 柴油指数；狄赛尔指数Diesel smoke 柴油机排烟Differential 差速器Differential antiskid sensor 差速防滑传感器Differential bevel pinion 差速器小锥齿轮Differential brake 差动制动器Differential case 差速器壳Digital inclinometer 数字测斜仪Digtal measuring system 数字测量系统Digital readout display 数字显示Digital tool measuring microscope 数字式工具显微镜Dim head lights 前照灯近光Diminish light switch 减光开关Dimmer push button 变光按钮Dimmer switch 前照灯变光开关DIN engine output DIN标准发动机功率Diode 二极管Dip coating 浸漆Dip painting installation 浸漆设备Dipper 油匙；铸勺，铸桶；汲器Dip soldering 浸焊Dipstick 量油尺Dip switch 变光开关Dip switch pedal 脚踏变光开关Direct gear 直接档Direct injection 直接喷射Direct injection diesel engine 直接喷射式柴油机Directional signal 方[转]向信号臂Directional signal light 方[转]向信号灯Directional tread pattern 〔胎面〕定向花纹Direction indicator 转向指示器Direction indicator arm 转向指示器臂Direction indicator control 转向指示器操纵件Direction indicator control lever 转向指示器控制杆Direction indicator lamp 转向指示灯Direction indicator pilot light 转向指示表板灯Direction indicator switch 转向指示灯开关Direction of flow 流向Direction of motion 运动方向Direction of rotation 转动方向；旋转方向Direction post 路标；路牌Dirt 夹渣；污垢；气泡Dirt road 天然土路Disabled vehicle 损坏车辆Disassemble 拆卸；分割Disc 盘Disc bearing 盘式制动器Disc brake with fixed caliper 定钳盘式制动器Disc brake with floating caliper 从动盘摩擦衬片Discharge 放电；流出Discharge bulb 放电管Discharge curve 放电曲。
Repose排气系统
科技与个性的结合，为您提供新型汽车生活，成为您的排气改装解决方案专家。
这是Repose的品牌理念，也是Repose能够做到的。
新时代的人们，不仅在自我着装上求新突破，也为自己的爱车进行改造美化。
本部影片将会以专业的视觉为您带来全新的排气改装理念，通过Repose的品牌理念，结合先进的科技手段，描述Repose的专业优势和技术。
两大特点
专业与品质是Repose能够引领排气改装领域的两大特点。
专业改装服务
多年与F1赛车的合作以及为高端品牌汽车的改装服务，赋予Repose专业性的特点。
来自德国的技术和理念，让Repose的品质走在尖端行列当中。
专注于对奔驰、宝马、奥迪、大众四大品牌汽车的专业排气改装，秉承德国技术一贯的严谨态度，把对于汽车排气艺术独有的理解赋予到每辆改装作品中，打造品牌的专属风格。
每一款Repose排气系统都经过精心地研究、设计，Repose排气系统分为Ra 和Rb两种声浪选择，为同一款车型，打造两种不同的声浪。
注重细节品质
Repose注重产品的制造工艺、材质、声浪、外观、动力提升等细节品质，所有排气均可原装位安装，针对涡轮增压技术车型的排气调教，更是开启属于Repose独特的“T”时代。
一套专业服务的品牌必不可少的是后期服务，Repose会为您提供全套完整一流的服务解决方案，后续跟踪服务让您可以放心选择Repose。
为您和您的爱车享受到专业品质的待遇。
此次展示的四款Repose所打造的排气作品，延续着Repose一如既往的风格，把德国工艺和德国理念体现的淋漓尽致。
选择Repose，就是选择品质。
系统特性
源于德国
Repose一个源于德国技术的排气系统品牌，它的技术研发中心创立于1995年，由一个热爱赛车的团队，全身心研究排气改装技术，创办人Robin，创立时的理念就是“EnjoyTheDynamicTechnology”。
Repose一个专注于对奔驰、宝马、奥迪、大众四大品牌汽车的专业排气改装，Repose针对这四大品牌每一款车型的排气特性和性能需求，开发最适合每款车型的作品，目前，不少汽车企业都在使用涡轮增压技术，“T时代”已成趋势。
完美细致
Repose技术研发中心对于涡轮增压车型的排气系统进行了更细致的设计，更能发挥出涡轮的特性，这样的坚持，让Repose排气系统跟发动机特性，有着更完美的结合。
也可以让每一台安装Repose排气系统的车辆能够拥有超高的操控性能和等待怒吼的声浪。
