10英语词类复习(不定式和动名词)

高考英语非谓语动词之不定式与动名词复习➢不定式的形式英译中：To love and to be loved is the greatest happiness of life.He pretended to be sleeping when I came in.The old man seems to be dying.I’m sorry to have kept you waiting.➢不定式的用法A．作主语B．作宾语C．作定语D．作状语E．作补语F 唯独不可作谓语，因此称不定式为非谓语动词。

请判断下列划下划线不定式在句中的成分To see is to believe.It is sensible of you to give up smoking.The doctor’s duty is to save lives.The poor family couldn’t afford to live in a four-star hotel.He asked me to do the work with him.He was always the last one to leave the office.She’s finally made a decision to leave.I came here to see you.He didn’t know what to do with the problem.How to solve the problem is very important.【Keys】：主语/表语；主语；表语；宾语；宾语补足语；定语；定语；状语；宾语（疑问词+to do）；主语❖It 作形式主语，常用结构如下：☞It is + adj. + of/ for sb. + to do sth.☞It is + n. + to do sth. (an honor to make a speak/ a pleasure to see you)☞It takes sb. + 时间段 + to do sth.☞How + adj. + it is + to do sth.! 感叹句How relaxing it is to bathe in the sun on the sands!在沙滩上沐浴阳光多令人放松啊！❖The only, 序数词 the first, the second, 顺序词 the last, the next, 形容词最高级修饰的名词后用不定式作定语。

动词不定式与动名词用法总结一动词不定式作主语(1) （1）To learn a foreign language is not easy.主语It（形式主语）is not easy to learn a foreign language(真正主语)It takes / took me 3 hours to read EnglishIt is not difficult for us to learn a foreign languageIt’s kind of you to help me with my English .1 It＋is＋形容词（表示人的性格品质）＋of sb＋to do2 It＋is＋形容词（表示做某事是怎么样）＋for sb＋to do注（1）当形容词表示人的性格品质时，逻辑主语由of引出,如：kind，nice, good, polite, clever, careful，careless，foolish，（2）当形容词表示做某事是怎么样时逻辑主语由for引出.如：difficult, hard , easy, important, dangerous possible二动词不定式宾语此种情况可按固定搭配或句式去记。

want to do agree to do hope to do decide to doprefer to do plan to do offer to do would like to doKevin planned to visit his uncle三动词不定式做宾语补足语tell sb + to do ask sb + to do want sb + to doorder sb + to do invite sb + to do warn sb + to doI tell him not to go there by bus ．四：定语动词不定式做定语放在所修饰的名词、代词的后面。

2024届中考英语专题复习之非谓语动词（不定式与动名词）非谓语动词基本形式非谓语动词的基本形式包括不定式、动名词和分词。

其中，不定式常常以to开头，如to eat、to study等;动名词则通常以ing结尾，如eating、studying等;分词则有现在分词和过去分词两种形式，如eating、studied等。

这些基本形式在英语语法中非常重要，掌握它们能够帮助我们更好地理解和运用非谓语动词[1]。

总之，非谓语动词是英语语法中一个重要的概念，它包括不定式、动名词和分词三种基本形式。

掌握这些基本形式能够帮助我们更好地理解和运用非谓语动词，提高英语水平非谓语动词的判定要判定一个非谓语动词，需要注意以下几点:首先，非谓语动词必须与主语在人称和数上保持一致;其次，不定式和动名词的非谓语形式通常在句子中充当宾语、表语或定语等成分;最后，分词的非谓语形式则通常充当形容词或副词使用非谓语动词的分类（不定式，动名词）非谓语动词是英语语法中的一个重要概念，它是指没有动词形式而表达类似动词功能的词或短语。

根据[1]所述，非谓语动词分为三种:不定式、动名词和分词。

其中，不定式常常以to开头，动名词则通常由名词+ing构成，分词则有现在分词和过去分词两种形式。

不定式:不定式可以充当主语、宾语、表语、定语、状语等成分。

例如:I want to eat pizza.(我想吃比萨饼。

)He likes to play soccer.(他喜欢踢足球。

)They want to be doctors.(他们想成为医生。

)动名词:动名词可以充当主语、宾语、表语、定语、状语等成分。

例如:I enjoy playing soccer.(我喜欢踢足球。

)She likes studying.(她喜欢学习。

)They enjoy being doctors.(他们喜欢成为医生。

)分词:分词有现在分词和过去分词两种形式。

现在分词可以充当主语、宾语、表语、定语、状语等成分;过去分词则可以充当主语、宾语、表语、定语、状语等成分。

非谓语动词非谓语动词有3种形式：不定式、分词和动名词。

动词不定式动词不定式由“to+动词原形”构成（有时不带to）。

它不能单独作谓语，不随主语的人称和数的变化而变化。

动词不定式连同它的宾语、状语等一起构成不定式短语，不定式短语可在句中作主语、表语、宾语、定语、状语、宾语补足语和主语补足语。

1.动词不定式的句法作用(1)作主语①　不定式在句中作主语，相当于名词或代词的作用，谓语动词通常用单数。

●To learn English well is difficult.●To read good books makes him happy.②　不定式作主语常常用it作为形式主语，不定式置于句尾。

其句型有3种：1)It + v.+宾语/表语+to do sth.●It is a great honor to give a lecture here.●It is a great pleasure to work with you.●It took me two days to finish the report.●It makes me feel happy to think about my kids.2)It + be +表语+for sb. + to do sth.●It is not easy for her to grasp a foreign language.●It was necessary for him to find out the truth.●It is hard for us to work out the problem.3)It + be +表语+ of +名词/代词+ to do sth.●It is very kind of you to give me a hand.●It was careless of you to leave your bag in the taxi.③　“疑问代词/疑问副词/连接词+不定式”结构作主语●How to stop polluting rivers is a big problem.●When and where to hold the meeting is still unknown.(2)作表语①　动词不定式直接作表语●The most important thing for him is to take care of his parents.●The only thing we can do is to wait and see.●Our goal is to reach the top of the mountain before 11 a.m..②　“how/ what/ when/ where/ which/ why +不定式”结构作表语●The question is how to improve ourselves in English.●The point is when to leave for Hong Kong.●The difficulty is which one to give the reward to.(3)作宾语①　动词不定式直接作及物动词的宾语常以动词不定式作宾语的动词由:afford, agree, ask, begin, choose, continue, decide, demand, expect, forget, hate, help, intend, learn, like, mean, need, offer, plan, prepare, prefer, pretend, promise, refuse, remember, require, start, try, volunteer, want, wish等。

动名词和不定式动名词和不定式是英语语法中两个常见的非谓语动词形式。

它们在使用方式、功能和结构上有一些共同点，但也存在一些区别。

本文将就动名词和不定式进行详细介绍和比较，并探讨它们在句子中的不同用法。

一、动名词动名词是用动词的-ing形式作为名词使用。

它可以在句子中担任主语、宾语、表语、介词宾语、复合宾语等要素。

下面将从不同的角度来说明动名词的用法。

1. 动名词作主语动名词作主语时，通常表示一种习惯、经验、喜好或普遍现象等。

例如：- Smoking is harmful to your health.（吸烟对健康有害。

）- Dancing gives her joy.（跳舞使她快乐。

）2. 动名词作宾语常见的动词后面可以接动名词作宾语，例如：- He enjoys swimming in the river.（他喜欢在河里游泳。

）- She avoids doing her homework.（她避免做她的功课。

）3. 动名词作表语动名词还可以作表语，表示主语的行为或状态。

例如：- Her favorite activity is hiking.（她最喜欢的活动是远足。

）- The key to success is working hard.（成功的关键是努力工作。

）4. 动名词作介词宾语某些动词后面接介词，再接动名词作宾语。

例如：- She is thinking about going abroad.（她正在考虑出国。

）- He apologized for not attending the meeting.（他为没有参加会议而道歉。

）5. 动名词作复合宾语当动词后面接宾语和动名词时，宾语常常是指一个动作、情感或想法，而动名词则起到具体说明或解释的作用。

例如：- I like playing basketball.（我喜欢打篮球。

）- They hate doing household chores.（他们讨厌做家务。

不定式和动名词的复习senior one2008-10动词不定式----非谓语动词的一种形式I. 动词不定式的几种主要形式1．2．动词不定式的否定not + 动词不定式Tell him not to be late.3．动词不定式的复合结构for + 名词/代词宾语+ to do不定式的逻辑主语It is difficult for the students to do the exercise by themselves.4. 动词不定式和疑问词连用形式动词不定式可以和疑问词who, what, which, when, where, whom, whether( 不能用if, why )连用---- 有时候把这个结构称作不定式的特殊结构。

I wonder who to invite.How to get there is still a question.The question is where to get the book.I am wondering where to refuse or not.II. 动词不定式的语法功能1．作主语To say something is one thing; to do it is quite another.To answer the question is not easy.也可以用“”作形式主语，把真正的主语----动词不定式放至句末It is one thing to say something; it is quite another to do it.It is not easy to answer the question.2．作宾语（不定式只能作动词宾语，不能作介词宾语：但是不定式的特殊结构及可以做动词宾语，也可以做介词宾语）He wants to do it tomorrow.He is learning to swim.I don’t know how to deal with it.He gave me some suggestion on how to learn English .３．作表语My dream is to be a teacher.４．作定语（必须后置）He is the first to come and the last to leave.There is nothing to worry about.I want to have a friend to chat with.当动词不定式作定语时，一般与被修饰的词有逻辑上的动宾关系；如动词不定式为不及物动词，动词不定式之后必须加上所需要的介词。

动词（不定式，动名词，分词）第一节动词不定式（to + 动词原形）1. 不定式的构成主动语态一般时(to) do不定式动作同时或晚于主句谓语动作发生e.g. I want to see you now.进行时(to) be doing不定式动作与主句谓语动作同时发生appear/ seem/ happen/ pretend/ hope/ promise + to doinge.g. The student pretended to listening to the teacher attentively.完成时(to) have done不定式动作先于主句谓语动作appear/ seem/happen/ pretend/ + to have donee.g. He seemed to have waited for the girl for along time, because he looked like a little bit anxious.被动语态一般现在时(to) be donee.g. All the dishes will be eaten.完成时(to) have been donee.g. All the dishes have been eaten. More knowledge about to let, to blameP. 1962. 不定式在句中的用法（1）作主语（单个不定式作主语句中谓语用单数）To read widely is essential to language learning.多用it 作形式主语，将不定式（真实主语）后置It took us two hours to get there.It took me a whole week to finish the book.（2）作宾语She failed to pass the driving test.I would like to have a drink.多用it 作形式宾语，将不定式(真实宾语)后置I found it very comfortable to chat with you.(3) 作宾补（v. sb + to do）His father expects him to be a doctor in the future.She invited us to attend her wedding.(4) 作表语His job is to look after the children in the nursery.The most important thing now is to save lives. Her wish is to become a pop singer.The postman is to deliver the letters at once.(5) 作定语（n. + to do sth）Everyone has the right to express himself or herself at the meeting.I desire to have a chance to try out a few new things.Note: 不定式修饰的名词多为抽象名词，如the ability to do sth,the chance/ opportunity to do sth,the way to do sth,the desire to do sththe last/ only/ 序数词/ 最高级+ to doHe was the first to arrive.She was the only one to survive the crash. He is the last to marry her.It is the best play to be performed this year.(6) 作状语表目的They huddled together to keep warm.The little boy cried loudly to attract the attention of his parents.表结果You will live to see many changes.The box is too heavy for you to carry.表原因He looked happy to hear the news.She smiled to look at her lovely daughter.3. 形容词与不定式的搭配More knowledge P. 202-203某些作主语补语的形容词后可加不定式作状语，不定式主语即为句子主语表人的情绪和感情：happy, angry, bored, delighted, excited, glad, sorry, puzzled, upset, worried…I was happy to see them again.Britain is unpleasant to live in.表示意愿：afraid, eager, anxious, determined, keen, curious, willing, unwilling, hesitant…I was firmly resolved to see her.I’m afraid to meet my teacher after school.表示可能或适宜：able, appropriate, capable, certain, sure, doomed, fit, safe, likely…She is not fit to live by herself.He is likely to win the first prize in the race. I’m able to finish the paper within this week.对行为，动作进行评价：absurd, careful, careless, clever, kind, nice, silly…He was careless to break the cup.She is very kind to help the old man.She is stupid to make such a mistake.省略不定式to 的情况半情态动词+ 省to 不定式感官动词/ 使役动词+ 省to 不定式介词But/ except/ than + 省to 不定式(介词后通常不接不定式，但but/ except 除外) Why-/ why not + 省to 不定式某些固定短语+ 省to 不定式To 代替整个动词不定式allow, expect, hate, hope, know, like, love,need, remind, try, want, wish, ask…I went there because I wanted to.At last he agreed to do what I asked him to.第二节分词1.分词的词形过去分词：v-ed (无时态语式的变化)现在分词：一般式（表示该动作与主句谓语动作同时发生）主动为doing,被动为being doneThe teacher came into the classroom, catching a book in his hand.The building, being built by these workers, will be a plaza.完成式(表示该动作先于主句谓语动作发生,常作状语)主动为having done被动为having been doneHaving finished her work, she went home. Having been well discussed, this plan will be exactly carried out.2. 分词在句中的用法分词相当于一个形容词，其中现在分词表主动和进行;过去分词表被动和完成More knowledge P. 209-213可作表语I was shocked by the shocking news.The work remains unfinished./ The problem remains unsolved.作宾补I did not find him standing aside quietly.We found her greatly unchanged.使役动词+ sb/ sth + 分词Have/ make/ set/ keep/ get/ catch/ leave/ start + sb/ sth + doing/ doneThe teacher made Tom cleaning the classroom for a whole week.The teacher made the classroom cleaned by Tom for a whole week.作定语(一般置于被修饰词之前)An interesting story, a moving film, married life但也可作后置修饰语，此时相当于一个从句P. 211Who is the man talking to your sister?= Who is the man that is talking to your sister? 状语（此时相当于一个状语从句）时间状语Looking around, I found that I was the only passenger left on the bus.When heated, ice will be changed into water. While cheating to her parents, she flushed up. When/ while + 分词短语，强调该分词动作与主句谓语动作同时发生原因状语Having made enough money, he decided to travel a lot to broaden his view.Not knowing her address, we could not get in tough with her.条件状语Working hard, you will succeed.Provided that there is no opposition, we shall hold the meeting there.让步状语Though confronted with kinds of difficulties, they were not discouraged.方式，伴随状语He went back home, totally exhausted.He walked along the road, listening to the music.3. 作状语时，分词的逻辑主语①主句的主语即为分词的逻辑主语②独立主格结构：当主句主语和分词的主语不同时，分词前另加自行主语（名词，主格代词）More knowledge P.214The day being fine, we decided to go swimming.Weather permitted, we’ll have a picnic.All the guests having arrived, the meeting was declared open.There having been no letters from his family, he was worried and restless.With + 名词/ 宾语+ 分词All afternoon he worked with the door locked. The day was bright, with a fresh breeze blowing.They waited with the light on for half an hour.第三节动名词1. 动名词词形一般式：doing (主动态),being done(被动态)完成式：having done(主动态),having been done (被动态)2. 辨析：动名词VS 现在分词动名词词形= 现在分词词形，均为doing现在分词,为动词的一种词形形式,属动词类；动名词，既具有动词的特征，又有名词的特征I regret telling her the news.(该动名词起动词作用) I am confident of his succeeding.(该动名词起名词作用)3. 动名词在句中的用法作主语Reading widely is essential to language learning.Writing diaries is a good way to improve our English.作宾语Do you mind my opening the door?The child kept reading books for a long time.作表语He is playing with his friends.Seeing is believing.Notes:1. 有的动词既可跟动名词也可跟不定式More knowledge P.221-222 2. go + 动名词,多用来表示娱乐或体育活More knowledge P. 225 3. 介词to 与动名词之间的搭配More knowledge P. 226, 227。

Topic Type Aims不定式和动名词Reading Period 1 Knowledge掌握动词不定式 . 动名词的用法Ability不定式和动名词灵活应用Emotion培养学生写作能力 ,更好地表达自己的情感。

更好地体现社会主义核心价值观。

Strategy巧妙记忆 ,重点内容多练。

Key points Difficult points Courses 不定式作式宾语宾补目的状语;动名词作宾语定语和习惯用语;不定式和动名词的应用Step1 leading-in讲一个与不定式和动名词相关的小故事。

Step2 knowledge market（一）动词不定式1.不定式的基本形式(to)do2.特点（1）动词不定式（或短语）没有人称和数的变化。

（2）可以有自己的宾语和状语（3）可以有时态和语态的变化1）一般式：主动语态to do; 被动语态to be done2）进行时： to be doing无3）完成时： to have done to have been done3.用法（ 1）作主语（2）作表语To see is to believe. 眼见为实。

（ 3）作宾语V +to do He decided to study hard last evening.V+ 疑问词 +to do.He doesn’tknow how to do it. He doesn’tknow what to do.V+ (it) +宾补+ to doI find it important to learn English well.（ 4）作补语V+ 宾+to doMy parents ask me to go to bed on time. 我父母要求我准时睡觉。

V + 宾语 +省 to 动词see sb. do sth. I saw him come here.HomeworkTeaching introspection宾补省“ to”的动词：一感 (feel)二听 (hear, listen to)三让 (let make have)四看 (see, watch, look at, notice)（二）动名词1.特征动词原形 +ing 构成，具有名词、动词的一些特征。

初中不定式和动名词一、动词不定式：组成：to +动词原形1. 以下动词只好接不定式作：want 想要 , agree 赞同 , choose 选择 , decide 决定 , expect 希望 ,hope 希望 , earn 学会 , need 必需 , offer 供给 , prefer 情愿 ,+to dopromise 保证 , plan 计划refuse 拒绝 , wish 希望 , would like 想要2.以下动词只好接动名词（即动词 +ing ）Enjoy; mind; practice; finish ； suggest ;deny;admit ; keep; spend; feel like + doing sth.enjoy doing sth., 喜爱做某事mind doing sth. 介怀做某事 ,practice doing sth. 练习做某事finish doing sth. 做完某事feel like doing sth. 想要做某事keep doing sth. 坚持做某事have fun doing sth. 尽兴做某事suggest doing sth.建议做某事deny doing sth. 否定做某事admit doing sth. 认可做某事be/get used to doing sth. 习惯做某事look forward to doing sth. 期望做某事spend (in) doing sth. 花销时间做某事can’thelp doing sth. 不由自主做某事be busy doing sth 忙于做某事be worth doing sth 值得做某事prefer doing sth. to doing sth 与对比更喜爱做某事 pay attention to doing sth. 注意做某事3．有些动词后边既可接不定式，也可接动名词，意思同样。

中考英语动词不定式及动名词归纳总结一、动词不定式的用法1、动词不定式作主语To master a language is not an easy thing. 掌握一门语言不是一件容易的事情.To teach English is my favorite. 教英语是我的爱好.It's my pleasure to help you. 很乐意帮助你.动词不定式作主语时可以放在后面,而用it 作形式主语放在原主语的位置上.It's very kind of you to have given us much help. 你给了我们那么多的帮助真是太好了.It's necessary to find the witness. 有必要找到目击者.Itrs difficult for him to learn English well. 他学好英语很困难.注意:It is adj. of sb. to do sth.是someone is adj. to do sth. 的强调式.即把形容词提到句子的强调地位.这时句中sb.即是形容词的逻辑主语,又是不定式的逻辑主语.It is 形容词for sb. to do sth.中的sb.只能作不定式的逻辑主语.也就是说,sb.既是形容词的逻辑主语,又是不定式的逻辑主语时sb.前面用of,如果sb.只能作不定式的逻辑主语时,sb.前面用for.如:It is very important for you to master a foreign language.你们掌握一门外语是非常重要的.句中的you就只能作不定式的逻辑主语.It is very brave of you to have done it for the soldier.你真勇敢,为士兵做了这件事情. 句中的you是形容词和不定式的共同主语. 用于这一句型的形容词中学课本中出现的还有:careful,careless,clever,courageous,foolish,good,honest, nice, polite, right,silly,wise,wrong,grateful,naughty等.注意:此类形容词绝大多数是说明某人品质、特性或行为方式的主动形容词.2、动词不定式作宾语接动词不定式作宾语的动词有: decide, desire, expect, hope, mean, pretend, promise, refuse, undertake, want, wish, agree, manage等.我们可用这样一个虚构词"merdowphfla",其汉语谐音为"磨豆腐喽" 帮助归纳记忆.每一个字母代表一个英语单词.m-mean(打算),manage(设法);e-expect(期盼);r-refuse(拒绝);d-dare(敢),desire(渴望), determine(决心),decide(决定),demand(要求);o-offer(企图);w-want(想要),wish(希望);p-promise(答应),pretend(假装),plan(计划);h-hope; fail(失败),l-long(渴望),learn(学习); a-ask(要求), arrange(安排).例如:I have decided to be a good teacher. 我决定要当一位好教师.He refused to come to the party. 他不肯来出席这个晚会.That stranger asked to see the manager. 那位陌生人要求见经理.I fear to offend him. 我怕得罪他.I donrt care to see him again. 我不愿再见到他.Werve arranged to drop by at six orclock.. 我们已经安排在六点钟访问.He failed to follow the instructions. 他没有按照说明书来做.The girl had no choice but to cry. 那女孩除了哭以外,就没有别的选择.注意:①在canrt help but, canrt choose but, canrt but,had better, would rather, rather than 和dohhbut/except/besides 结构中,后面的动词不定式符号"to",replica chanel watches;常常省略.例如:Mr. Cheng couldnrt help but leave. 程老师只好离开.I could do other things besides play football after school. 放学后,我除了踢足球还可以做其它事情.The boy can do everything but speak. 那男孩什么都能做,除了说话.You had better leave here for the moment.你最好暂时离开这儿.I would rather stay at home on Sunday 星期天我宁愿呆在家里.He prefers to work on the farm rather than do his homework at home.他宁愿在农场干活也不愿意在家做作业.②动词不定式作宾语,后面又有宾语补足语时,常用it 作形式宾语,而把真正的宾语不定式放在后面.例如:We found it difficult to learn a foreign language. 我们发现学习外语很困难.I think it wrong to come late for class.我认为上课迟到是不对的.③teach, decide, wonder, show, learn, forget, ask, find out, advise, discuss等动词后面可以接what, which, when, where, how, whether 等不定式.例如:He teaches us how to learn English well.他教我们怎样学习好英语.We discussed where to buy the computer.我们讨论了哪里能买这种电脑.He didnrt tell us when to start out. 他没有告诉我们何时出发.④在同一句或联系紧密的对话中,为了避免重复,作宾语、补语的动词不定式再次出现时,to后面的内容常常承前省略(to留下),但如果有助动词have 或be 的任何形式,应该保留原形be或have.例如:mWhord like to go with me? mIrd like to.m谁想跟我一起去?m我.China is not what it used to be.中国已经不过去的中国了.mYou are late. You ought to have come five minutes ago.你迟到了.你应该五分钟以前到.mI know I ought to have.我知道我应该.3、动词不定式作宾语补语例如:We expect you to be with us. 我们希望你和我们在一起.Please ask him to come here quickly. 请叫他快过来.注意:接动词不定式作宾语补足语的情况.①主语ask/ require/ tell/ order/ force/ get/ want/ like/ expect/ advise/ allow/ permit/ forbid sb to do sth.He asked me to work hard for the people.他要求我们为人民努力学习.She tells us not to come late. 她叫我们不要迟到.②主语think/judge/suppose/believe/consider/feel sb to behI think him to be honest. 我认为他诚实.I believe her to be a good student. 我相信她是个好学生.主语think/judge/suppose/believe/consider/feel sb to have donehWe considered him to have been to the U.S.我们认为他去过美国.He is considered to have been to Beijing. 有人认为他去过北京.③主语hear(listen to, see, watch, notice, observe, look at, feel, have, let , make)sb do h即hear, listen to, see, watch, notice, observe, look at, feel, have, let , make 后面接动词不定时作宾语补足语不带to.例如:I saw him go out just now. 我刚才看见她出去了.He made us do a lot of homework.他让我们做很多作业.这些动词可以用下面口诀帮助记忆.不定式作宾补何时不带to?下面口诀给予帮助.二听、五看、一感觉,使役动词有三个,help可带,可不带(to) ,所以把它排在外.二听:hear, listen to五看:see, watch, notice, observe, look at一感觉:feel三个使役动词:have, let, make例如:She felt somebody touch her hair.She let me read her diary.I made him tell the truth.Did you hear him say that yourself?We have to help them (to) clean the town.注意:变为被动语态时要加to.He was made to tell the truth.④主语call on/ depend on/ wait for/ ask for sb to do sth.例如:He called on us to learn from Lei Feng.他号召我们向雷锋学习.He depends on his parents to give him food and clothing.他依靠父母提供吃穿.4、动词不定式作表语What I should do is to finish the task soon. 我应该做的是赶快完成任务.The most urgent thing is to find the boy immediately. 当务之急是马上去找孩子.注意:①不定式作表语,其主语通常是job, work,wish, hope, thought, idea, way, method, aim, duty, intention, purpose, suggestion 等.②主语和表语同为不定式,其含义往往一个是条件,另一个是结果.Not to grasp firmly is not to grasp at all. 抓而不紧等于不抓.What I wish is to learn English well. 我所希望的是把英语学好.To see is to believe. 百闻不如一见.③不定式结构作表语时,通常带to,但是当主语部分有一个动作动词do时(这个do 可以是限定动词形式,也可以是非限定动词形式,而且不论是什么时、体形式均可),用作表语的动词不定式中的to可以省略.例如:What we need to do is (to) reduce our use of energy and use natural forms of energy which are free and which will last for ever. 我们要做的是减少能源的消耗和利用各种天然能源.天然能源是即不花钱,又取之不尽,用之不竭的.All I did is (to) empty the battle. 我只需倒空瓶子.What he has done is (to) serve the people. 他做的事就是救人.All we have to do is (to) push the button. 我们只需要按一下按钮.5、动词不定式作定语There are many ways to solve the problem. 有许多方法能解决这个问题.I have something important to tell you. 我有重要的事情要告诉你.注意:①下面词语chance, wish, courage, need, promise, time, opportunity, way, the first, the secod, the last, the only one 等常常接动词不定式作定语.例如:He is always the first to arrive and the last to leave.他总是第一个到达,最后一个离开.There is no need to ask him the question.没有必要问他这个问题.②不定式与它所修饰的名词在逻辑上是主谓关系.There is no one to look after her.没有人照顾他.He needs a person to talk with him.他需要一人和他谈话.③不定式与它所修饰的名词在逻辑上是动宾关系.She s looking for a room to live in.她再找房子住.He has a lot of work to do today.他今天有很多工作要做.6、不定式作状语不定式作状语可以作目的状语、原因状语、结果状语、方式状语、表程度状语. English is difficult to learn.英语很难学习.The problem is easy to deal with.这问题很好处理.Itrs too dark for us to see anything. 太黑我看不见东西.The question is simple for him to answer. 问题简单要他回答不值得.We went to the hospital to see our teacher. 我们去医院看了我们的老师.She is making a test to get a kind of useful medicine from a Tibet flower.她在做试验,google,从一种西藏花中提取某种有用的药物.①不定式作目的状语可以用in order to或so as to 表示,但so as to 不能放在句首. 例如:In order to go to key university, he studies hard.为了上重点大学,他学习很用功.He sat in the front in order to/so as to see more clearly.=He sat in the front so that/in order that he could see more clearly. 为了看得更清楚,他坐在前排.(目的)He went to a big city in order to/ so as to find a good job.=He went to a big city so that/in order that he could find a good job. 为了找一个好工作,她去了大城市.(目的)②动词不定式作结果状语常常可以用以下结构.so as to;so adj/adv as to doh 如此hh以致;enough to do h足够做hh;too adj /adv to doh太hh而不能hh;suchhas to doh如此hh以致例如:He sat in the front so as to see more clearly.=He sat in the front so that he saw more clearly. 他坐在前排,结果看得更清楚.(结果)She got up early so as to catch the first train.=She got up so early that she caught the first train. 他起床很早结果赶上了早班车.(结果)He was so kind as to give me a lot of help.他很善良结果帮了我很多忙.The boy is old enough to join the army.那孩子达到了参军的年龄.He is too young to go to school.他还不到上学的年龄.He is such a good man as to help the old woman get off the bus.他就是这样一个好人扶老人下汽车.③动词不定式作结果状语表示一种出乎意料的结果常常用only to do 结构.例如:He hurried to the station only to find the train had left.他匆匆赶到车站,chanel watches prices,结果发现火车已经走了.We waited for two hours, only to be told to come the next day.我们等了两个小时,结果告诉我们次日再来.He arrived late only to find the train gone.I visited him only to find him out.二、动名词的用法动名词是由动词原形ing 构成,形式同现在分词形式一样,其否定形式是not 动词原形ing.1、动名词作主语:Talking like that is not polite. 那样谈话不礼貌.Learning from others is important. 向别人学习很重要.Putting on more clothes is not so good . 多穿衣服不一定好.动名词作主语通常用一般式,可以像动词不定式一样,用it 先行词代替,而把动名词写在后面.It's no use waiting here, let's go home. 在这儿等着也没用,我们回家吧.It's very difficult climbing this mountain. 爬这座山很困难.2、动名词作表语The nurse's job is looking after the patients. 护士的工作是护理病人.Seeing is believing. 眼见为实.3、动名词作定语She is studying in the reading room. 她在阅览室学习.He slept in the sleeping bag. 他在睡袋里睡觉.4、动名词作宾语Please stop smoking in the house. 请不要在家里抽烟.I like reading in the forest. 我喜欢在树林里读书.Do you mind my opening the windows? 你介意我打开窗户吗?She is found of collecting stamp. 她喜欢集邮.下列动词接动名词:avoid, consider, delay, deny, dislike, enjoy, escape, forgive, finish, imagine, keep,mind, miss, pardon, prevent, resist, suggest, stand, understand, can't help, 等.我们可用这样一个虚构词"madpsfameicarfe",其汉语谐音为"卖的不是发霉咖啡"帮助归纳记忆.每一个字母代表一个英语单词.m-mind(介意), a-avoid(避免), d-delay(推迟), p-practise(练习),s-suggest(建议), s-stand(忍受),s-stop(停止),f-finish(完成),f-forgive(原谅) ,a-advise(建议), m-miss(错过), e-escape(逃脱),i-imagine(设想),c-canrt help(禁不住), a-admit(承认), r-risk(冒险), f-fancy(认为,想象),e-enjoy(喜爱).b.下列短语动词接动名词be fond of, be good at, be worth, devote to, feel like, get used to, give up, have difficulty, insist on,look forward to, pay attention to, put off, refer to等.He is fond of playing basketball.他喜欢打篮球.I have difficulty learning English.我学习英语有困难.c.介词后面接动名词What about going to the cinema? 去看电影怎么样?On seeing his teacher, he jumped off his bike. 他一看见老师就下自行车..几个特殊情况:1) 有些动词的后面既能跟动名词又能跟不定式,区别不大.他们是: begin, start, continue. Like, love, dislike, hate, prefer 等.He began to learn English at the age of five.He began learning English at the age of five.他五岁开始学习英语.注意:(1)begin, start 本身是进行式、后面的动词是see, understand, realize 等后面跟动词不定式. 表示习惯的, 一般性的多接动名词,表示某一特定的或具体的行动,多接动词不定式.He is beginning to give class.他就要上课了.He began to realize he was wrong.他开始意... 相关的主题文章。