高考必考语法精讲精练专题十二：非谓语动词(含解析)

高考必考语法精讲精练语法专题十二：非谓语动词非谓语动词是高考必考点，《2017年一般高等学校招生全国统一考试大纲》附录语法项目表中对非谓语动词列了三项：动词不定式、动名词和分词（包括现在分词和过去分词）。

动词不定式一、动词不定式的形式二、动词不定式的用法动词不定式可以充当谓语之外的全部句子成分，动词不定式可以带宾语或状语构成不定式短语，没有人称和数的改变，但有时态和语态的改变。

1．作主语（1）动词不定式作主语，一般表示详细的某次动作，谓语动词用单数形式。

例如：①To see is to believe.②To master English is of great importance.（2）不定式或不定式短语作主语时，常用it作形式主语，构成“It is + adj+for sb.+to do”结构,或It is +adj+for sth +to be done。

例如：①It is impossible for him to give up smoking.②It is not easy to find your way in the mountain.③It is difficult for the problem to be solved.④It is impossible for my question to be answered in his absence.2.作宾语（1）动词不定式作宾语时，常跟在某些及物动词后面，常见的有：agree，dare，decide，expect，help，hope，learn，manage，offer，pretend，promise，refuse，want, intend, fail, wish, choose等。

例如：①I mean to go there at once.②We must learn to tell friends from enemies.（2）不定式短语作宾语时，假如还带有宾语补足语，往往把不定式短语放在宾补之后，而用it 作形式宾语。

2012届新课标高三第二轮专题讲解非谓语动词是高考的重点和热点，也是我们英语学习中所碰到的难点之一。

非谓语动词分为三种形式：不定式，V-ing分词（又分为现在分词和动名词）和过去分词。

所能充当的成分主语表语宾语宾语（主语）补足语定语插入语（独立成分）V-ing形式现在分词●●●●动名词●●●●不定式（to do）●●●●●●过去分词（done）●●●●注：常见作独立成分的非谓语动词to tell you the truth(实话说)，needless to say(不用说)，to be honest/frank(老实说，坦白说)，to be more exact(更确切地说)，to make things worse (更糟的是)，not tomention…(更不用说)，Generally / Frankly / Roughly speaking (一般说来 / 坦白说 /粗略地说)非谓语形式构成时态语态复合结构否定式主动被动不定式一般式to do to be donefor sb. to dosth.或of sb. to dosth.在“to”前加not或never进行式to have doneto have beendone完成式to be doing /完成进行式to have beendoing/动名词一般式doing being donesb.或sb’sdoing作主语要用sb’s doing在前加not特别注意复合结构的否定式：sb’s not doingsb’s not havingdone完成式having donehaving beendone现在与动名词变化形式相同在前加not 分词（一）辨别谓语与非谓语特别注意分析句子的结构才能辨别谓语与非谓语。

①The traffic rule says young children under the age of four and __ less than 40 poundsmust be in a child safety seat.A. being weighedB. weighsC. weighedD. weighing【解析】容易误选B或C，将其当成谓语看待。

专题12.非谓语动词考点梳理（复习讲义）考点清单范围知识条目非谓语动词熟练运用动词不定式作宾语、宾语补足语和目的状语理解动词不定式作主语和定语的用法考点一动词不定式的用法一、动词不定式的构成不定式的基本形式为:to+动词原形,有时可以不用to,这里的to是不定式符号,本身无词义,动词不定式的否定形式是在其前面加not。

二、动词不定式的句法功能功能例句说明主语To speak English is not easy for us.=It is not easy forus to speak English.讲英语对我们来说不容易。

不定式作主语时,常常可用it作形式主语,而把不定式放在后面表语My work is to clean the room every day.我的工作就是每天打扫这间屋子。

多数情况下,不定式作表语表示主语的“职业、职责”等宾语I wish to speak to the manager.我想跟经理说话。

只能作某些动词的宾语,一般不作介词的宾语宾补She asked me not to speak Chinese in class.她让我在课上不要讲汉语。

在make,let,see,hear,watch等使役、感官动词后,不定式省略to定语Have you got anything to say?你有要说的吗?不定式作定语,要放在所修饰词的后面状语I’m sorry to trouble you.(表原因)很抱歉,给你添麻烦了。

I went to the library to study English.(表目的)我去图书馆学英语了。

不定式作状语,其逻辑主语要和句子的主语一致1.不定式作主语动词不定式作主语时,常用it作形式主语,而将真正的主语放在句末,常用结构为:It+be+adj.(+for/of sb.)+动词不定式。

如:To learn English well is useful.→It is useful to learn English well.It’s important for us to protect the environment.注意:在kind,good,nice,clever等表示人的品质的形容词后,不用for而用of。

非谓语动词非谓语动词是英语语法中的一个重要概念，指的是在句子中不能单独作谓语，但又具有动词特征的动词形式。

一、种类非谓语动词主要包括三种形式：不定式（Infinitive）、动名词（Gerund）和分词（Participle）。

1.不定式基本形式是“to + 动词原形”（有时可省略to），例如“to study”、“to play”等。

它具有名词、形容词和副词的特征，可在句中充当主语、宾语、表语、定语、状语和补足语等成分。

To see is to believe.（作主语和表语）I want to learn English.（作宾语）2.动名词形式上是动词原形加-ing，和现在分词的形式一样，如“swimming”、“reading”等。

动名词在句中主要起名词的作用，可充当主语、宾语、表语和定语。

Swimming is my favorite sport.（作主语）I enjoy reading books.（作宾语）3.分词现在分词：也是动词原形加-ing，它既有动词特征，又有形容词和副词特征，可作定语、状语、表语和补足语。

The running boy is my brother.（作定语）Hearing the news, she couldn’t help crying.（作状语）过去分词：通常是动词原形加-ed（规则变化）或有其特殊的不规则变化形式，如“broken”、“written”等。

过去分词常表示被动或完成的意义，同样能充当定语、状语、表语和补足语等成分。

The broken cup is on the table.（作定语）Given more time, I can do it better.（作状语）二、用法区别1.作主语时不定式作主语常表示具体的某一次动作或行为，常用“It + be + 形容词+ (for/of sb.) + to do sth.”这样的结构，It is important for us to learn English well.动名词作主语往往表示抽象的、一般性的行为或概念。

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非谓语动词定义非谓语动词是指在句子中不是谓语的动词，主要包括不定式、动名词和分词（现在分词和过去分词)，即动词的非谓语形式。

非谓语动词除了不能独立作谓语外，可以承担句子的任何成分.在句子中充当除谓语以外的各种句子成分的动词形式叫做非谓语动词(the Non—Finite Verbs）.非谓语动词也是动词的一种，他们有着动词的其他特点,可以充当主语、宾语、状语等。

非谓语动词与谓语动词是相对的概念。

形式功能动词不定式不定式的全称是“动词不定式”，是一种非限定动词，由不定式符号to+动词原形构成。

不定式具有动词的特征，同时也有名词、形容词和副词的特征。

动词不定式是一种非限定性动词，由to＋动词原形构成，但它还是属于动词，所以它本身可以带宾语和状语。

动词不定式在句中可以作主语、宾语、表语、定语和状语,还可用在复合结构中，而且有完成式、进行式、完成进行式和否定形式.动词不定式的被动形式除了一般形式外还有其完成式和进行式。

动词不定式:（to)+do，具有名词、形容词、副词的特征.否定式：not + (to） do以do为例，动词不定式的构成如下：(1）一般式：不定式的一般式所表示的动作与谓语动词动作同时发生或发生在谓语动词动作之后。

非谓语动词之巴公井开创作非谓语动词（一）——动词不定式动词不定式、分词(现在分词,过去分词)和动名词统称为非谓语动词.现代英语将现在分词和动名词合为一年夜类叫作v + ing 形式.这些动词的形式不能在句中独自作谓语用,因而没有语法主语.但可以有逻辑主语.由于没有语法主语,也就不受人称和数的限定,因为不是谓语,也就没有时态和语态,但这些词仍能暗示举措和状态,所以仍有暗示与其他动词相对时间关系的形式.由于与其它词有逻辑上的主谓关系,因此也有暗示主、主动的形式,同时也有自己的宾语和状语,一起构成非谓语动词的短语(动词不定式短语,分词短语,动名词短语).动词不定式、过去分词及v-ing形式在句中均不能作谓语用,所以叫做非谓语动词.（一）动词不定式：动词不定式由“to+ 动词原形”构成,如：to study, to play,动词不定式虽然不能作谓语动词用,但仍留着动词的特征,它可以带有所需要的宾语或状语而构成动词不定式短语,如：to study hard, to play table tennis.1、动词不定式的形式变动：动词不定式有下列时态和语态的形式变动.2、动词不定式的基本用法：动词不定式能起名词、形容词和副词的作用,可在句中作主语、表语、宾语补足语、定语和状语用,如：（1）作主语：To help each other is good.（动词不定式作主语时,一般可用it作形式主语,而将作主语的动词不定式置于句末,如：It is good to help each other.（2）作表语：My job is to drive them to the power station every day. 动词不定式在系动词be之后作表语,与暗示将来时的be + 动词不定式结构有所区别,如：Our plan is to set up another middle school for the peasants’ children.我们的计划是给农民子弟再成立一所中学.（句中的谓语动词为is,动词不定式to set up… 为表语,主语为plan,但plan其实不是动词不定式的逻辑主语,即动词不定式 to set up所暗示的举措不是主语plan发生的.）We are to set up another middle school for the peasants’ children.我们将为农民的子弟再成立一所中学.（句中的are to set up整个结构为句中谓语,主语为we,同时也是动词不定式to set up所暗示的举措的逻辑主语,即动词不定式to set up所暗示的举措是由we发生的）.（3）作宾语：①作及物动词的宾语,如：She wishes to be a musician.；②作某些形容词的宾语：可以有动词不定式为宾语的形容词一般有glad, sorry, afraid, pleased, determined, willing, eager, anxious, ready, sure等,如：I am determined to give up smoking.；③动词不定式一般不作介词的宾语,但动词不定式之前如有疑问词时,就可作介词的宾语,如：Can you give us some advice on what to do next?（4）作宾语补足语,如：Tell the children not to play on the street. 如果句中的谓语动词为see, hear, watch, notice, have, make, let等,作宾语补足语的动词不定式须将to省去,如：I saw a little girl run across the street.（5）动词不定式在句中作宾语,如带有宾语补足语时,须先用it作形式宾语,而将该动词不定式后置,如：I don’t think it right to do it that way.（6）作定语：动词不定式作定语时,须位于被其修饰的名词或代词之后,如：Is this the best way to help him? 和定语用的动词不定式如果是不及物动词,不定式后面就要用需要的介词,如：He is the man to depend on. 如果被不定式修饰的名词为place, time, way,不定式后面的介词,习惯上可以省去,如：The old man is looking for a quiet place to live.（7）作状语：动词不定式可以作下列的状语：①目的状语：Every morning he gets up very early to read English. 为了强调不定式暗示目的的作用,可在不定式前加in order to或so as to（以便或为了）,但应注意in order to位于句首或句中均可,而so as to不能位于句首,如：She reads China Daily every day in order to (so as to) improve her English. 将暗示目的的不定式置于句首,也可强调目的的作用,如：To master a foreignlanguage, one must work hard at it. ②结果状语：They lived to see the liberation of their home town.他们活到亲眼见到了他们家乡的解放.③too + 形容词或副词 + 动词不定式,暗示“足能…”的结果,如：You are old enough to take care of yourself now.3、复合结构不定式：由for + 名词（或代词宾格）+ 动词不定式即构成复合结构的动词不定式.其中for自己无意义.for后面的名词或代词是不定式的逻辑主语,这种不定式在句中可作主语、表语、宾语、定语或状语,如：It is very important for us to get everything ready for the harvest. 看成表语用的形容词暗示不定式的逻辑主语的性质或特征时,就用介词of而不用for引出不定式的逻辑主语,这些形容词一般有good, nice, kind, wise, silly, stupid, foolish, right, wrong, careless, impolite等,如：It is very kind of you to help him every day.4、疑问词 + 动词不定式：疑问代词和疑问副词后可加动词不定式构成不定式短语,在句中可作主语、表语或宾语,如：How to prevent them from swimming in this river is a problem.5、动词不定式的否定式：动词不定式的否定式是由not + 动词不定式构成,如：It’s wrong of you not to attend the meeting.6、动词不定式的时态形式所暗示的时间关系：（1）一般式：动词不定式一般式所暗示的举措是和谓语动词所暗示的举措同时发生,但在大都情况下,是在谓语动词所暗示的举措之后发生,如：We decided to plant more trees this spring.（其后）,They often watch us play table tennis.（同时）；（2）完成式：动词不定式完成式所暗示的举措发生在谓语动词所暗示的举措之前,如：I am sorry to have kept you waiting.（3）进行式：动词不定式进行式所暗示的举措正在进行中,而且与谓语动词所暗示的举措同时发生,如：She happened to be writing a letter in the room when I came in.7、动词不定式的主动语态用法：如果动词不定式的逻辑主语为这个不定式所暗示的举措的接受者时,不定式一般就用主动语态形式,如：What is to be done next hasn’t been decided yet.非谓语动词（二）——动词-ing形式（二）-ing形式：动词的-ing形式也是一种非谓语动词.-ing 形式仍保管有动词的特征,可以带有其所需要的宾语或状语而构成-ing短语.1、-ing的形式：-ing有一般式和完成式.及物动词的-ing还有主动语态和主动语态,而不及物动词的-ing则没有主动语态.现在以及物动词make 和不及物动词go为例,将其-ing各种形式列表如下：2、-ing形式的基本用法.（1）作主语：Seeing is believing.百闻不如一见.Talking iseasier than doing. –ing作主语时,如果其结构较长,可用it 作形式主语,而将作主语的-ing后置.如：It isn’t much good writing to them again. It’s no use waiting here.（2）作表语：Her job is washing and cooking. My hobby is collecting stamps.（3）作宾语：①作及物动词的宾语.She likes drawing very much.；②作某些短语动词的宾语. Mary is thinking of going back to New York.；③ do+限定词（my, some, any, the等）+ -ing,暗示“做…事”之意,如：We often do our cleaning on Saturday afternoon. Will you do any shopping on Saturday this afternoon? ④作介词的宾语：Her sister is good at learning physics.；⑤作形容词worth, busy等的宾语：This book is well worth reading. –ing作宾语带有宾语补足语时,要用it作为形式宾语,而将作宾语的-ing后置,如：We found it no good talking like that. Do you think it necessary trying again?（4）作定语：The sleeping child is only five years old. Do you know the man standing at the gate? 注：-ing形式作定语用时,如果-ing只是一个单词,就位于其修饰的名词之前,如果是-ing短语,就位于其修饰的名词之后,-ing作定语时,被-ing所修饰的名词就是该-ing的逻辑主语.另外,-ing作定语用时,其举措和句子谓语动词所暗示的举措是同时进行的,如果不是同时进行的,就不能用-ing作定语,要使用定语从句,如：The girl who wrotea letter there yesterday can speak English very well.（5）作宾语补足语：We can see steam rising from the wet clothes. 注：当-ing在复合宾语中作宾语补足语用时,句中宾语就是这个-ing的逻辑主语,可以带有这种复合宾语的动词有see, watch, hear, observe, feel, find, have, keep等.（6）作状语：①时间状语：Seeing Tom, I couldn’t help thinking of his brother. 分词在句中作时间状语时,其前一般可加when或while,如：When crossing street, you must be careful.②原因状语：Being ill, he didn’t go to school yesterday. ③方式或陪伴状语：Mary stood at the school gate waiting for Betty.3、主动语态-ing完成式的基本用法.主动语态-ing完成式所暗示的举措发生在句中谓语动词所暗示的举措之前,一般在句中作时间或原因状语用.句中的主语是它的逻辑主语,而且是它所暗示的举措的执行者,如：Having answered the letter, she went on to read an English novel.4、主动语态-ing一般式的基本用法.主动语态-ing一般式所暗示的举措是一个正在进行中的主动举措,而且这个主动举措也是和句中谓语所暗示的举措同时发生的.它一般在句中作定语或状语用.如：The truck being repaired there is ours.5、主动语态-ing完成式的基本用法.主动语态-ing完成式所暗示的举措发生在谓语动词所暗示的举措之前,在句中一般作状语用.如：Having been shown the lab, we were taken to see the library.6、-ing形式的复合结构.在-ing前加物主代词或名词所有格即构成-ing的复合结构.其中的物主代词或名词所有格为-ing的逻辑主语.这种结构在句中可作主语、宾语或表语,如：Your smoking and drinking too much will do harm to your health. 但在口语中,这种结构如作宾语用,其中的物主代词经常使用人称代词的宾格,名词的所有格经常使用名词的普通格取代,如：She insisted on Peter’s (or Peter)going there first.7、-ing形式与动词不定式在句中作主语、表语、宾语时的区别.一般说来,暗示一个比力笼统或泛指的举措时多用-ing形式.暗示一个具体某一次的举措时,多用动词不定式,如：Our job is making steel. She likes playing the piano, but she doesn't want to play it today.8、-ing形式与动词不定式在句中作定语的区别.-ing形式作定语用时,其举措一般与句中谓语动词所暗示的动词同时发生,而动词不定式作定语时,其举措一般发生在句中谓语动词所暗示的举措之后.如：The girl writing a letter there can speak English very well./I have three letters to write.9、-ing形式与动词不定式在作宾语补足语时的区别.（1）不定式作宾补时,其举措一般发生在谓语动词所暗示的举措之后,如：I have told them to come again tomorrow.（2）在see, watch,hear, feel等之后,如果用-ing形式作宾补,暗示其举措正在进行中,而用不带to的不定式作宾补时,不定式所暗示的举措是一个举措的过程,如：I hear her singing in the room.我听见她正在屋里唱歌. I hear her sing in the room.我听见她在屋里唱过歌.10、-ing形式与动词不定式在句中作状语的区别.-ing形式在句作状语暗示时间、原因、方式或陪伴情况,而动词不定式一般式在句中作状语时,一般是作目的或结果状语,如：Not receiving his letter, I wrote to him again./ I looked into the window to see what was going on inside.非谓语动词（三）——过去分词( 三）过去分词：1、过去分词的基本用法：过去分词只有一种形式,也没有主动语态,它所暗示的举措是一个主动的或是已完成的举措.过去分词在句中也可用作定语、表语、宾语或状语等成份.过去分词在句中作某种成份时,其逻辑主语一般为该分词所暗示的举措的接受者,如：（1）作定语：过去分词作定语时,如果这个分词是一个单词,就位于其修饰的名词之前,如果是分词短语,就位于其修饰的名词之后.被过去分词所修饰的名词,就是该分词的逻辑主语,如：The stolen car was found by the police last week.（2）作表语：过去分词作表语时,暗示其逻辑主语所处的状态,其逻辑主语就是句中的主语,如：The glass is broken.这个玻璃杯是破的. 注：过去分词作表语时,和动词的主动语态结构相似,但两者表达的意义分歧,如：The glass was broken by my little brother.这个玻璃杯是被我小弟弟打破的.作表语用的过去分词在许多辞书中已列为形容词,如：crowded, devoted, discouraged, done, dressed, drunk, experienced, frightened, gone, hurt, interested, killed, known, learned, lost, pleased, satisfied, shut, surprised, tired, undressed,worried, astonished, broken, completed, covered等.（3）作宾语补足语：过去分词作宾语补足语时,句中的宾语就是其逻辑主语,如：When I opened the door, I found the ground covered by fallen leaves. 注：动词have后的复合宾语中,宾语补足语如为过去分词,常暗示该分词所暗示的举措是由他人来执行的而不是句中主语自己来执行的,如：I had my bike repaired yesterday. 昨天我（找他人）把我的自行车给修了.（4）作状语：过去分词作状语时,相当于一个状语从句,该结构的逻辑主语一般都是主句的主语,是过去分词所暗示意义的逻辑宾语.为了使作状语的过去分词意义更加明确,常在分词前加when, if, while, though, as等连词,如：Seen from the hill/ When seen from the hill, our town looks beautiful.; Given more time/ If given more time, we could have done it better.（we是该结构的逻辑主语,是give的逻辑宾语.）自力主格：上述-ing和过去分词的用法中,-ing和过去分词在句中均有逻辑主语,但有时它们也能有自己的自力的主语,这种自力的主语,一般为名词或代词,位于其前之前,和-ing或过去分词构成自力主格.自力主格在句中一般只作状语用,而-ing和过去分词作用的形式,则要根据它们所暗示的举措和句中谓语动词所暗示的时间关系而定.至于自力主格中是使用-ing或是过去分词,则要根据它们的主语和其所暗示的举措的主动主动关系而定,如：The bell ringing, we all stopped talking. 注：The work having been fini shed, she sat down to have a rest. ①自力结构中的being 或having been常可省去,如：The meeting (being) over, all left the room. ②作陪伴状语的自力结构常可用with短语来取代,如：She read the letter, tears rolling down her cheeks./ She read the letter with tears rolling down her cheeks.2、-ing形式与过去分词的区别：（1）语态分歧：-ing形式暗示主动概念,及物动词的过去分词暗示主动概念.an inspiring speech鼓舞人心的演说；the inspired audience受鼓舞的听众.（2）时间关系分歧：现在分词所暗示的举措一般是正在进行中的举措,而过去分词所暗示的举措,往往是已经完成的举措,如：The changing world正在发生的世界；the changed world已经起了变动的世界.易错易混点1．疑问词＋动词不定式：疑问代词和疑问副词后可加动词不定式构成不定式短语,在句中可作主语、表语或宾语,如：How to prevent them from swimming in this river is a problem.2．动词不定式的否定式：由not ＋动词不定式构成.3．v.-ing形式与动词不定式在句中作主语、表语、宾语时的区别.v．-ing形式：暗示笼统或泛指的举措.不定式：暗示具体某一次的举措.She likes playing the piano, but she doesn't want to play it today.4．v.-ing形式与动词不定式在句中作定语的区别.v．-ing形式：举措与谓语动词所暗示的举措同时发生.不定式：举措发生在谓语动词所暗示的举措之后.eg. The girl writing a letter there can speak English very well.I have three letters to write.5．v.-ing形式与动词不定式在作宾语补足语时的区别.(1)不定式作宾补时,其举措一般发生在谓语动词所暗示的举措之后,如：I have told them to come again tomorrow.(2)在see, watch, hear, feel等之后,如果用v.-ing形式作宾补,暗示其举措正在进行中,而用不带to的不定式作宾补时,不定式所暗示的举措是一个举措的过程,如：I hear her singing in the room. 我听见她正在屋里唱歌.I hear her sing in the room. 我听见她在屋里唱过歌.6．v.-ing形式与动词不定式在句中作状语的区别.v．-ing形式：暗示时间、原因、方式或陪伴情况.不定式：作目的或结果状语.7．v.-ing形式与过去分词的区别：(1)语态分歧：v.-ing形式暗示主动概念,及物动词的过去分词暗示主动概念.an inspiring speech鼓舞人心的演说； the inspired audience受鼓舞的听众(2)时间关系分歧：现在分词所暗示的举措一般是正在进行中的举措,而过去分词所暗示的举措,往往是已经完成的举措,如：the changing world正在变动的世界 the changed world 已经变动了的世界8．自力主格结构：有时v.-ing和过去分词在句中也有自己的自力的主语,这种自力的主语一般为名词或代词,和v.-ing还有过去分词构成自力主格结构.该结构在句中一般只作状语. 自力主格中是使用v.-ing还是过去分词,则要根据它们的主语和其所暗示的举措的主动或被动关系来定,如：The bell ringing, we all stopped talking.注意：①自力结构中的being或having been常可省去,如：The meeting_(being)_over, all left the room.②作陪伴状语的自力结构常可用with短语来取代, 如：She read the letter, tears rolling down her cheeks.＝ She read the letter with tears rolling down her cheeks.非谓语的解题步伐或思路（1）先判断空格部份所需的是主句,从句还是非谓语动词.自力的句子, 从句或非谓语自力的句子加句号,分号或破折号的话,后再加一个自力的句子.自力的句子,（逗号）有and,but, so 等词加自力的句子.（2）再根据主句的主语,来判断主动或主动；（3）接下来再判断时态,（4）如果是否定的话,not一定要放在非谓语的前面（5）一定不要忘记主语一致的原则,如果纷歧致的话,要把非谓语的自力主语加上.非谓语罕见的位置,或在句子中所担负的成份（1）非谓语动词短语, + 主句或者是主句, 非谓语动词短语这时的非谓语动词短语起到状语的作用例如： influenced by the growing interest in nature, more people enjoy outdaoor activities.在这种情况下,首先,找出主句的主语,然后以主句的主语为动身点,来判断非谓语动词是主动还是主动,如果已有的非谓语动词的主语和主句主语纷歧致,还要考虑自力主格结构,也就是把非谓语动词的自己的主语加上去：例如： All flights having been cancelled , they decided to take the train. 其次,把非谓语动词和主句的动词比力,看是否同时发生还是有明显的先后.（2）跟在介词,动词或某些形容词的后面固定搭配只接动词-ing形式而不接不定式作宾语的动词有：admit 供认 appreciate 感激 avoid 防止 put off 推迟 keep 坚持consider 考虑 delay/ postpone 担搁 dislike 嫌恶 resist 抵抗 mention 提及enjoy 喜欢escape 防止excuse 原谅practice 练习 mind介意 fancy想不到 feel like 意欲 finish 完成 risk 冒险 include 包括forgive 原谅give up 放弃suggest 建议miss 逃过 imagine 想象can’t help 情不自禁 involve 需要can’t stand 无法忍受 understand 理解罕见的带介词to的短语： be used to 习惯 be related to 与……有关get down to 着手做contribute to 贡献put one’s mind to 全神贯注于 give rise to 引起 be equal to 胜任 devote oneself to 献身于lead to 招致 be opposed to 反对 look forward to 盼望object to 反对stick to 坚持 pay attention to 注意（3）介词后一定要加动词的-ing 形式；（4）跟在名词后面做定语时, 一般不用having done/ having been done 结构（5）放在句首做主语 , 一般用动词的ing 和to do …特殊的非谓语短语Generally speaking 一般来说Consi dering …. 考虑到,鉴于 Time/weather permitting 时间、天气允许的话Taking …into account 考虑到Taking …into consideration 考虑到Provided …假如Providing…假如Suppose…假如Supposing…假如 Judging from/ by…根据…判断 Given sth 假如,如果；鉴于,考虑到Given that…假如,如果；鉴于,考虑到 including sth (sth included)包括某事非谓语动词基础练习1. He looked around and caught a man ______ his hand into thepocket of a passenger. A. put B. to be putting C. to putD. putting2. When you’re learning to drive, _______ a good teacher makes a big difference.A. haveB. havingC. and haveD. and having3. I felt it a great honor ______ to speak to you.A. to askB. askingC. to be askedD. having asked4. I would love _______ to the party last night but I had to work extra hours to finish a report.A. to goB. to have goneC. goingD. having gone5. Before you decide to leave your job, _______ the effect it will have on your family.A. considerB. consideringC. to considerD. considered6. Robert is said _______ abroad, but I don’t know what country he studied in.A. to have studiedB. to studyC. to be studyingD. to have been studying7. It is said that in Australia there is more land than the government knows _______.A. it what to do withB. what to do it withC. what to do with itD. to do what with it8. Anyone _______ bags, boxes, or whatever, was stopped by the police.A. seen carryB. seen carryingC. saw to carryD. saw carrying9. Mr Reed made up his mind to devote all he had to _______some schools for poor children. A. set up B. setting upC. have set upD. having set up10. The discovery of new evidence led to _______.A. the thief having caughtB. catch the thiefC. the thief being caughtD. the thief to be caught11. She looks forward every spring to _______ the flower-lined garden.A. visitB. paying a visitC. walk inD. walking in12. To test eggs, _______ them in a bowl of water: if they float they’re bad, if they sink they’re good.A. putB. puttingC. to putD. to be putting13. “Where is David?”“H e is upstairs ______ ready to go out.”A. to getB. gettingC. to be gettingD. having got14. “Mum, why do you always make me eat an egg every day?”“________ enough protein and nutrition as you are growing up.”A. GetB. GettingC. To getD. to be getting15. He was reading his book, completely _______ to the world.A. lostB. losingC. to loseD. to have lost16. We looked everywhere for the keys, but they are nowhere _______.A. to findB. to have foundC. to be foundD. being found17. The boy wanted to ride his bicycle in the street, but hismother told him _______.A. not toB. not to doC. not do itD. do not do18. A cook will be immediately fired if he is found _______ in the kitchen.A. smokeB. smokingC. to smokeD. smoked19. Finding her car stolen, _______.A. a policeman was asked to helpB. the area was searching thoroughlyC. it was looked for everywhereD. she hurried to a policeman for help20. “How do you deal with the disagreement between the company a nd the customers?”“The key ______ the problem is to meet the demand ______ by the customers.”A. to solving, makingB. to solving, madeC. to solve, makingD. to solve, made21. “What do you think made Mary so upset?”“_______ her new bike.”A. As she lostB. LostC. LosingD. Because of losing22. The research is so designed that once _______ nothing can be done to change it.A. beginsB. having begunC. beginningD. begun23. Though ________ money, his parents managed to send himto university.A. lackedB. lacking ofC. lackingD. lacked in24. Tony was very unhappy for _______ to the party.A. having not been invitedB. not having invitedC. having not invitedD. not having been invited25. Though I have often heard this song _______. I have never heard you _______ it.A. being sung, sangB. sang, singingC. sung, singD. to be sung, to sing非谓语动词提高练习1. The great hall was crowded with many people, __ many children __on their parents’ lapA. including; seatedB. including; seatingC. included; satD. included; sitting2. It’s said that the Olympic Games _____ in Beijing in 2008 will cover more events than any other Olympics did.A. holdingB. to be heldC. heldD. to be holding3. _____ for a long time, most of the crops in this area died from lacking water.A. Being no rainB. There was no rainC. To be no rainD. There being no rain4. Yesterday a street-beggar bought a lottery ticket purposelessly, _____ him a millionaire overnight.A. makingB. makesC. to makeD. made5. In the face of the big fire in October in California, manypeople in the fire-stricken areas moved out _____.A. to escape burningB. to escape being burnedC. escaping burnedD. escaping from burning6. Taking this medicine, if _____, will of course do good tohis health.A. continuedB. to continueC. continuesD. continuing7. The little boy still needs the _____ 20 dollars to do withsome things _____.A. remaining; remained to be settledB. remaining;remaining to be settledC. remained; remained to settleD. remained;remaining to settle8. _____ his age, the little boy read quite well.A. ConsideringB. ConsideredC. ConsiderD. Having considered9. _____ from the appearance, it is very peaceful; but in fact,a war will break out soon.A. JudgedB. JudgingC. Having judgedD. To judge10. — Tom enjoys _____ basketball on Sunday afternoons, doesn’t he? —Yes, he does. But what his sister enjoys_____.A. to play; dancingB. playing; to danceC. to play; to danceD. playing; is to dance11. His letter, _____ to the wrong number, reached me late.A. having been addressedB. to have addressedC. to have been addressedD. being addressed12. The Space Shuttle Columbia broke into pieces over Texasas it returned to the earth on February 1, 2003,_____ all seven astronauts aboard.A. having killedB. killingC. being killedD. killed13. There are lots of places of interest _____ in our city.A. needs repairingB. needing repairedC. needed repairingD. needing to be repaired14. — What caused the party to be put off? — _____ the invitations.A. Tom delayed sendingB. Tom’s delaying sendingC. Tom delaying to sendD. Tom delayed to send15. I was afraid _____ to my customers because I was afraid_____ them.A. of talking back; to loseB. of talking back; of losingC. to talk back; to loseD. to talk back; of losing16. Standing on the top of the hill, I would not do anythingbut _____ the flowing of the smog around me.A. enjoyB. enjoyingC. enjoyedD. to enjoy17. — Is Tom a good talker? — No, he never speaks tome other than _____ something?A. ask forB. to ask forC. asked forD. asking for18. I can’t get my car _____ on cold mornings, so I have totry _____ the radiator with some hot water.A. run; to fillB. running; fillingC. running;to fill D. ran; filling19. The drunken husband knocked against the table and sentthe bowls _____ in all directions before he was sent _____by his wife.A. flying; to sleepB. flying; sleepingC. to fly; to sleepingD. to fly; to sleep20. When we got back from the cinema, we found the lamp _____but the door _____.A. being on; shutB. burning; shuttingC. burning;shut D. on; shutting21. We found the students seated at tables and had their eyes_____ on the scene of the launch of Shenzhou V spaceship.A. fixedB. fixC. fixingD. to fix22. A doctor can expect _____ at any hour of the day or night.A. callingB. to callC. being calledD.to be called23. The boy often gives a satisfactory answer to the teacher’s question, _____ just a minute. So he’s usuallythe teacher’s pet.A. thoughtB. having thoughtC. and to thinkD. thinking24. The policeman came up to the lonely house with the door____, ____ there for a while and then entered it.A. open; to standB. opening; stoodC. open; stoodD. opened; standing25. _____ along the quiet road at forty miles an hour, andthen an old man suddenly started to cross the road in frontof me.A. DrivingB. I was drivingC. Having drivenD. When I was driving26. Mr. Smith was much surprised to find the watch he had had_____ was nowhere to be seen.A. repairingB. it repairedC. repairedD. to be repaired27. What did the librarian _____ out of the library?A. permit to takeB. forbid to be takenC. allow to takeD. insist being taken28. —Mum, why do you give me so much popcorn? — _____the boring time.A. KillB. KillingC. To killD. Having killed29. What Yang Liwei wanted to do when he got out of the spaceship was __ the joy with all the Chinese.A. shareB. sharedC. having sharedD. about to share30. When she was alone at home, Mary needed a friend _____.A. playing withB. having played withC. with whom to play withD. with whom to play31. _____ the big snake, the little girl stood under the tree_____ out of life.A. Seeing; frightenedB. Seeing; frighteningC. Seen; frightenedD. To see; frightening32. The competitor never dreamed of _____ for him to win thefirst prize in the 100-meter race.A. there was a chanceB. there being a chanceC. it being a chanceD. it was a chance33. _____ everything to go wrong in advance, and you won’tfeel quite so bad when it does.A. Having expectedB. ExpectC. To expectD. Expecting34. — You _____ part in the party on time. — Sorry, I was delayed by the accident.A. are to takeB. have supposed to takeC. were to have takenD. supposed to take 35. _____ with the size of the whole earth, the highest mountain doesn’t seem high at all.A. When comparedB. To compareC. While comparingD. It compared36. _____ in her best suit, the girl tried to make herself_____ at the party.A. Dressed; noticedB. Dressing; noticingC. Dressed; noticingD. Dressing; noticed37. The matter _____ your study surely requires _____ carefully.A. relating to; dealing withB. related to;dealt withC. related to; being dealt withD. relating to;having dealt with38. _____ made her parents worried a lot.A. Her not to come backB. Not her to come backC. Her not coming backD. Not her coming back39. Everything _____ into consideration, they believed themselves more and returned to their positions.A. to takeB. takenC. to be takenD. taking40. He moved away from his parents and missed them _____ enjoythe exciting life in New York.A. much so as toB. very much toC. too much toD. enough to41. —What do you think of the plan? —It’s easier saidthan _____.A. carried outB. carrying outC. carry outD.to carry out42. Many businessmen attended the Boao Forum (博鳌论坛)because they knew what _____ from the forum.A. to getB. to be gotC. gotD. getting43. There was a famous person at the party whom everyone wouldlike _____ to themselves. A. to introduce B. tobe introduced C. introducing D. beingintroduced44. —Were you at home last Sunday? —Yeah! I devotedthe whole day to _____ the English grammar.A. reviewB. reviewingC. be reviewedD. being reviewed45. Once _____ at the shop, you will be dismissed immediately.A. caught stealingB. caught to stealC. catching stealingD. to catch to steal46. Prices of daily goods _____ through a computer can belower than store prices.A. are boughtB. boughtC. been boughtD.buying47. _____, John returned to school from his hometown.A. The summer vacation being overB. The summer。

胆置黑词考，牖讲含蜜g)讲义非谓语动词是高考语法填空和短文改错必考热点语法工程之一。

现结合典型考题对非谓语动词的考点进行梳理和总结，帮助大家明确考点，找出解题规律和方法。

一、考查非谓语动词作主语能作主语的非谓语动词有不定式和动名词。

两者的区别是：表示某一具体的动作时、多用不定式；表示比拟抽象的一般的行为倾向时，多用动名词。

当动名词或不定式短语较长时，常用it作形式主语放在句首而把动名词或不定式短语放于句末。

(典例】(ignore) the difference between the two research findings will be one of the worst mistakes you make.解析：Ignoring。

分析句子结构可知，本句的谓语动词是will be,因此前面局部是主语，应该使用动名词短语作主语。

二、考查非谓语动词作宾语不定式和动名词都可作动词或介词的宾语。

有些动词后只跟不定式作宾语，如want, wish, hope, manage, demand, promise, refuse, pretend, plan, offer, decide, agree, expect等。

有些动词后只跟动名词作宾语，如admit, appreciate, avoid, consider, delay, dislike, enjoy, escape, excuse, finish, forgive, imagine, keep, mind, miss, practice, resist, risk, suggest, deny, stand 等。

有些动词或动词短语后既可以跟不定式，又可以跟动名词作宾语，如forget, remember, regret, mean, try, go on等，但意义上有区别。

[典例1 ] I showed them I was independent by wear strange clothes.解析：wear改为wearing”介词by后应接动名词作宾语。

高考语法填空抢分热点之非谓语动词养成良好的答题习惯，是决定高考英语成败的决定性因素之一。

做题前，要认真阅读题目要求、题干和选项，并对答案内容作出合理预测;答题时，切忌跟着感觉走，最好按照题目序号来做，不会的或存在疑问的，要做好标记，要善于发现，找到题目的题眼所在，规范答题，书写工整;答题完毕时，要认真检查，查漏补缺，纠正错误。

一、考点精讲非谓语动词包括动词不定式、动词-ing形式（现在分词和动名词）和过去分词，是高考热点。

但学生分不清现在分词和进行时态，过去分词和被动语态，对动词不定式的运用也是模棱两可。

归根结底，学生不会分辨“谓语动词”和“非谓语动词”。

这还要从根上解决，首先要弄清楚句子种类。

句子按结构分，分为简单句、并列句和复合句。

1.简单句。

由一个谓语动词或并列的谓语动词构成的句子是简单句。

也就是说，一个简单句中只能有一个谓语动词或并列的谓语动词（省略句除外）。

谓语动词指的就是动词的时态（一般现在时、一般过去时......）和语态（一般现在时的被动语态、一般过去时的被动语态......）。

例如：（1）He leaves home for school at 6 every morning.（leaves是谓语动词）每天早上他六点钟离开家去上学。

（2）The plane takes off at 11:40 and arrives in Shanghai at 1:30.（takes off和arrives是并列的谓语动词）飞机十一点四十起飞，一点半抵达上海。

（3）The company was set up in 2012.（was set up一般过去时的被动语态，是句子的谓语动词）这家公司是2012年成立的。

2.并列句。

并列句是指由并列连词and、but、or等把两个或两个以上的简单句连在一起而构成的句子。

即：简单句+并列连词+简单句。

常见的并连连词：and（和）、but（但是）、or（或者；否定句中的“和”；否则）、so（所以）。

非谓语动词复习——语法填空专项练习一、非谓语动词的形式非谓语动词包含四种形式，即不定式、动名词、现在分词和过去分词。

其中，每种形式按照发生时间和主被动又包括不同的子形式。

具体如下：1.不定式①基本形式：to do（表示主动，并且一般表示将来）②被动式：to be done（表示被动，并且一般表示将来）②进行式：to be doing（表示主动和进行）④完成时：to have done（表示主动和完成）⑤完成被动式：to have been done（表示被动和完成）⑥完成进行式：to have been doing（表示主动和完成进行）The teacher told us to do morning exercises.老师让我们做早操。

The car to be bought is for his sister.要买的这辆车是给他的姐姐的。

She pretended to be reading when the teacher came into the classroom.老师进来时，她假装正在读书。

The thief is said to have escaped.据说小偷已经逃跑了。

The thief is said to have been arrested.据说小偷已经被抓住了。

She is said to have been working in the factory over the last 20 years.据说在过去的20年里，她一直在这家工厂工作。

2. 动名词①基本形式：doing （表示主动）②被动式：being done（表示被动）③完成式：having done（表示主动和完成）④完成被动式：having been done（表示被动和完成）Travelling in space by ordinary people will be common in the future.在未来，普通人在太空旅行将会是普遍的事情。

一、基本分类非谓语动词分为三类：分词(现在分词和过去分词)、动名词和动词不定式。

它们具有名词和形容词的某些特征，因而可以作主语、表语、宾语、定语和状语。

1．分词(1)感官动词或使役动词后的现在分词作补语表示动作正在进行，不定式作补语表示动作发生的全过程。

I saw him walking across the road.(正在穿过马路)I saw him walk across the road. (看到过了马路的全过程)(2)及物动词的过去分词(done)与现在分词的一般被动式(being done)都有被动意义，前者表示动作完成，后者表示动作正在进行。

The picture fixed on the wall was presented by a friend.(已经被钉在墙上了)The picture being fixed on the wall was presented by a friend.(正被钉在墙上)注意：不定式有表将来之意。

The picture to be fixed on the wall was presented bya friend.(将要被钉在墙上)(3)分词的独立主格结构：如果分词短语的逻辑主语与句子的主语不一致，需用一个独立结构(即保留分词的逻辑主语)或者由一个with / without引导的介词短语表达。

Time permitting, we'll do another two exercises.His work finished, he prepared to go home.With his work finished, he prepared to go home. 2．动名词(1)动名词作定语表所修饰词的用途，而现在分词表动作或状态、特征。

(2)动名词的复合结构作宾语，动名词的逻辑主语可用宾格代词或不带所有格。

但作主语不行。

Do you mind my / me / Tom smoking here?My / Tom's smoking here annoyed her.(3)动名词作主语还可用于“There be no＋动名词”结构和布告形式的省略中。