初中英语语法总结(动词不定式)
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初中英语知识点总结:动词不定式动词不定式在英语中,不充当句子谓语的动词,叫作非谓语动词。
由于非谓语动词不受主语的限制,没有时态和语态,所以又叫非限定动词。
非限定动词有三种形式:动词不定式;动名词和分词。
1、动词不定式(1)动词不定式的构成和性质动词不定式是一种非谓语动词,所谓非谓语动词就是不能作谓语的动词。
正因为如此,它不受主语的人称和数的限制,没有人称和数的变化,但它具有动词的某些特征,可以带宾语和状语构成不定式短语。
其构成是:“to + 动词原形”,否定式是“not to +动词原形”。
to是不定式符号,无词义。
(2)动词不定式的用法动词不定式除了不能作谓语外,可以作主语、表语、宾语、宾语补足语、定语和状语。
①作主语To learn English well is not easy.To drive fast is quite dangerous.不定式作主语时常常用it作形式主语,不定式放在谓语之后以上两个例句可以写成:It is not easy to learn English well.It is quite dangerous to drive fast.这种用法可以归纳成这样一个句型:It is (not) + 形容词+ (for sb.) to do sth.It is very expensive for me to buy a car.It is very difficult for a child to do that job.有些形容词之后跟of + 名词(代词宾语)+不定式。
如:It is very kind of you to say so. It is very good of you to come.②作表语。
如:My job is to teach English. The first thing is to ring him up.③作宾语。
如:She wanted to ask you a question. He forgot to turn off the light. We decided to hold a class meeting.常见的可以用不定式作宾语的动词有:like, love, begin, start, try, ask, prefer, hate, find等,有些形容词可接不定式,这种不定式也可作宾语。
动词不定式的归纳总结动词不定式是由“to+动词原形”构成的,否定形式为“not to+动词原形”构成的,这里的to没有词义,只是为了构成不定式的一种符号,是非谓语动词形式的一种,动词不定式在句中不能独立作谓语,除了不能作谓语以外,其他成分都可以作,因此,在句中可以作主语、表语、宾语、定语、状语和补足语。
❶ 动词不定式做主语:这种情况一般要改成it作形式主语的形式,后接不定式,为了避免头重脚轻。
●“It is+形容词+for sb.+to do sth.”意为“做某事对某人来说是…的”中句中的形容词多为描述性的词语,不对人或物的品格进行评价,如difficult, easy, hard, inportant, dangerous, inpossible等。
eg To learn English is very important for me 对我来说学英语很重要。
=It is very important for me to learn English.For you to make more friends is a good plan. 广交朋友是个好办法。
= It's a good plan for you to make more friends.●“It is+形容词+of sb.+to do sth.”意为"做某事对某人来说是…的”。
其中句中的形容词用于描述人的性格、品质, 如:kind, good, nice, right, wrong, clever, careless, polite, foolish 等。
eg It was stupid of him to press the emergency button. 他按了紧急按钮,这真愚蠢。
❷ 本单元我们主要学习动词不定式作宾语的用法:现就动词不定式作宾语的用法介绍如下:●谓语动词+动词不定式,此类动词很多,常见的有:want, like, wish, hate, prefer, hope, continue, manage, try, ask, offer(主动提出), start, forget, promise, mean, pretend(假装), intend(打算), begin, attempt(试图), decide, learn, desire (渴望), agree, care, choose, determine(查明), undertake(承担,承诺),expect 等eg Some students hate to study English. 有些学生不喜欢研读英语。
初中英语语法大全:动词不定式作宾语各位读友大家好,此文档由网络收集而来,欢迎您下载,谢谢初中英语语法大全:动词不定式作宾语7. 动词不定式不定式作宾语1) 动词+ 不定式afford aim appear agree arrange ask be decide bother care choose come dare demand desire determine expect elect endeavor hope fail happen help hesitate learn long mean manage offer ought plan prepare pretend promise refuse seem tend wait wish undertake举例:The driver failed to see the other car in time.司机没能及时看见另一辆车。
I happen to know the answer to your question.我碰巧知道你那道问题的答案。
2)动词+不定式;动词+宾语+不定式ask, beg, choose, expect , hate, help intend like, love, need prefer, prepare, promise, want, wish…I like to keep everything tidy.我喜欢每件东西都保持整洁。
I like you to keep everything tidy.我喜欢你年使每件东西都保持整洁。
I want to speak to Tom.我想和汤姆谈话。
I want you to speak to Tom.我想让你和汤姆谈话。
3)动词+疑问词+ todecide, know, consider forget, learn, remember, show, understand, see, wonder,hear, find out, explain, tellPlease show us how to do that. 请演示给我们如何去做。
初中阶段动词不定式用法总结1.作主语:- To swim is my favorite sport. 游泳是我最喜欢的运动。
- To learn English well is important for me. 学好英语对我来说很重要。
2.作宾语:- I want to go to the movies. 我想去看电影。
- She loves to read books. 她喜欢读书。
3.作宾补:- My mother asked me to do the chores. 我妈妈叫我做家务。
4.作目的状语:- I studied hard to pass the exam. 我努力学习为了通过考试。
- They went to the supermarket to buy some groceries. 他们去超市买些杂货。
5.作结果状语:- He ran so fast as to win the race. 他跑得非常快以至于赢得了比赛。
- She studied so hard as to get the highest grade. 她学得非常努力以至于获得了最高分。
6.作方式状语:- I go to school by bike. 我骑自行车上学。
7.作定语:- I have a friend to help me. 我有一个朋友来帮助我。
- This is a place to relax. 这是一个放松的地方。
总之,动词不定式在句子中可以作多种语法成分,如主语、宾语、宾补、状语和定语等。
掌握不定式的用法有助于丰富句子的表达方式。
动词不定式知识点一、动词不定式的基本概念。
1. 定义。
- 动词不定式是由“to+动词原形”构成(有时可以省略to),它在句中不能单独作谓语,但具有名词、形容词和副词的特征,可以在句中作主语、宾语、表语、定语、状语和补语等成分。
例如:- To see is to believe.(作主语和表语,“眼见为实”)2. 形式。
- 一般式:to do,表示动作与谓语动词同时发生或发生在谓语动词之后。
例如:I want to go to the park tomorrow.(go这个动作发生在want之后)- 进行式:to be doing,表示动作正在进行,与谓语动词同时发生。
例如:He seems to be reading a book.(read这个动作正在进行,与seem同时)- 完成式:to have done,表示动作发生在谓语动词之前。
例如:I'm sorry to have kept you waiting.(keep you waiting这个动作发生在am sorry之前)- 完成进行式:to have been doing,表示动作从过去一直持续到现在,并且可能还会继续下去。
例如:She is said to have been working on this project for years.二、动词不定式在句中的用法。
1. 作主语。
- 直接作主语时,常用it作形式主语,而将真正的主语(动词不定式)后置。
例如:- It is difficult to learn English well.(真正的主语是to learn English well,it是形式主语)- 但是,当动词不定式作主语的句子中有表语形容词时,也可以直接将动词不定式置于句首。
例如:- To be honest is very important.2. 作宾语。
- 动词不定式可以作某些及物动词的宾语,常见的这类动词有want, hope, wish, decide, manage, expect等。
动词不定式一、动词不定式的基本形式肯定式:to+动词原形否定式:not to+动词原形(to是不定式符号、标志,无意义,可以不翻译。
)二、动词不定式的特征动词不定式是一种非谓语动词形式,它没有人称和数的变化,但有时态和语态的变化,在句子中不能作谓语,但可以作除谓语之外的其它任何句子成分(主语、表语、宾语、宾语补足语、定语和状语);动词不定式具有名词、形容词和副词的特征,同时还保持动词的某些特点,即可以有自己的宾语和状语。
动词不定式和它的宾语和状语构成不定式短语。
三、动词不定式的用法1. 不定式作宾语能跟不定式作宾语的动词(及物动词)很多,构成vt.(及物动词)+to do sth. 结构。
常见的有:want, like, wish, hate, hope, prefer, try, ask, start, begin, decide, learn, choose, agree, expect , remember, forget等。
eg. He wanted to borrow my CD players. 他想借我的CD播放机。
His brother is learning to drive. 他弟弟正在学驾驶。
I hope to speak English well. 我希望讲好英语。
动词不定式作宾语其后又有补足语时,常用it作形式宾语,而把不定式后置。
eg. I find it difficult to learn physics. 我发现学习物理很难。
2. 不定式作宾语补足语动词不定式位于及物动词的宾语后,补充说明宾语,作补足语。
构成vt.+sb.+(not)to do sth. 结构。
常用带to的动词不定式作宾语补足语的动词结构有want sb.to do, ask sb.to do, tell sb.to do, order sb.to do, get sb.to do, wish sb.to do, allow sb.to do, invite sb.to do, teach sb.to do, encourage sb.to do, beg sb.to do等。
初中英语知识点归纳动词的不定式动词的不定式是英语中的重要语法现象之一,学好不定式的用法可以帮助我们更好地理解和运用英语。
本文将对初中英语中动词的不定式进行归纳总结,以便同学们能够更加系统地掌握这一知识点。
一、动词的不定式形式英语中的动词不定式形式为“to + 动词原形”,其中“to”为不定式符号。
不定式的形式通常不受主语的人称和数的限制,一般用作动词、名词、形容词的宾语或补语。
二、不定式作动词的宾语动词不定式可以作为其他动词的宾语,常见的动词有:want, hope, plan, like, love, hate, enjoy等。
例如:1. I want to be a doctor when I grow up.(我长大后想当一名医生。
)2. They like to play basketball in their free time.(他们闲暇时喜欢打篮球。
)三、不定式作名词的补语不定式可以作为某些动词后的名词的补语,常见的动词有:be, become, seem, feel, appear等。
例如:1. Her dream is to become a famous singer.(她的梦想是成为一名著名的歌手。
)2. It seems to be a nice day for a picnic.(今天似乎是个适合野餐的好天气。
)四、不定式作形容词的补语不定式可以作为某些形容词后的补语,常见的形容词有:happy, sad, glad, ready, willing等。
例如:1. He is happy to help others.(他乐意帮助别人。
)2. I am ready to take on the challenge.(我准备好迎接挑战。
)五、不定式作目的状语不定式可以作为目的状语,表示动作的目的或者用途。
常见的动词有:go, come, try, learn, study等。
动词不定式知识点详解(初中英语专项复习)考点1. 动词不定式作宾语(1)在动词want,hope,would like,decide,wish,choose,try,need等后常用动词不定式作宾语。
(2)think,find,feel,make后连接it + adj. + to do sth.構成“形式宾语+真实宾语”的用法。
考点2. 动词不定式作宾补(1)带to的不定式作宾补的动词有:ask,like,would like,teach,tell,want,help 等。
(2)省掉to的不定式作宾补的动词有:let,make,hear,see,notice,have,watch 等。
注:省掉to的不定式的句子变被动语态时,需要还原to。
考点3. 动词不定式作主语(1)动词不定式常用作句子的主语时,谓语动词用单数形式:To do sth. +谓语动词+adj. / n.。
(2)常用it作形式主语,而将不定式放在句子后面:It +谓语动词+adj. / n.+ to do sth.。
考点4. 动词不定式作定语(1)及物动词不定式作定语放在被修饰词之后:名词或代词+to do。
(2)若构成的不定式的动词为不及物动词时,其后加上相应的介词:名词或代词+to do (介词)。
考点5. 动词不定式与疑问词连用(特殊疑问词+动词不定式)在宾语从句中,若主从句的主语一致时,宾语从句可简化为“疑问词+to do sth.”,不定式可以和疑问代词(who,whom,whose,what,which)或疑问副词(when,where,how,why)连用构成不定式短语。
它们可以在句中作主语、宾语和表语。
巧记常见动词:学会忘记有难处(learn,forget)想知道就别来劝告(wonder,know,advise)展开讨论教人对付(show,discuss,teach)弄清楚才决定告诉(find out,decide,tell)When to start is not decided yet. 还没决定什么时候开始。
动词不定式的形式初中英语语法资料
1.动词不定式的一般形式:
不定式的一般形式是"to + 动词原形",如:to eat, to read, to dance等。
2.动词不定式的否定形式:
不定式的否定形式是在"to"之前加上"not",构成"not + to + 动词
原形",如:not to eat, not to read, not to dance等。
3.动词不定式的一般疑问形式:
不定式的一般疑问形式是将"to"放在动词原形之前,构成"to + 动词
原形 + ?",如:to eat? to read? to dance?等。
4.动词不定式的完成形式:
不定式的完成形式是在"to"后面加上have,再加上动词的过去分词
形式,构成"to have + 过去分词",如:to have eaten, to have read, to have danced等。
5.动词不定式的被动形式:
不定式的被动形式是在"to"后面加上be,再加上动词的过去分词形式,构成"to be + 过去分词",如:to be eaten, to be read, to be danced等。
需要注意的是,动词不定式在句子中充当动词,可以用作主语、宾语、表语、定语、状语等,具体用法要根据句子的结构和语境进行判断。
在一
些特殊情况下,动词不定式可能省略"to",例如:let me go, make him stop等。
动词不定式的用法总结动词不定式是英语中一种常见的非谓语动词形式,由动词原形加上“to”构成。
它具有多种用法和功能,在句子中可以扮演多种角色。
下面将对动词不定式的用法进行总结和分析。
一、作主语动词不定式可以作为句子的主语,通常位于句首,帮助构成句子的基本结构。
例如:- To learn is to grow. - To study is important for success.二、作宾语动词不定式可以作为动词的宾语,跟在及物动词之后。
例如:- She wants to dance all night. - They decided to go on a trip.三、作介词宾语动词不定式还可以作为介词的宾语,通常介词后面要跟动词的-ing形式,但在某些情况下,使用动词不定式更为恰当。
例如:- She is afraid to speak in public. (介词“in”后接动词不定式) - He is capable of solving difficult problems. (介词“of”后接动词不定式)四、作定语动词不定式可以作为名词的定语,修饰名词。
例如:- I have some books to read. - This is a place to visit.五、作表语动词不定式有时也可以作为句子的表语,描述主语的身份或状态。
例如:- His goal is to become a doctor. - The key is to be patient.六、作宾补动词不定式可以作为宾语的补语,表示对宾语的补充说明。
例如:- She considers him to be her best friend. - They found the task to be challenging.七、作状语动词不定式还可以作为状语,修饰动词或整个句子,表示目的、原因、结果等。
例如:- She works hard to achieve her goals. (目的) - He left early to catch the train. (目的) - He stayed up late to finish his project. (目的) - He left the room, only to return a few moments later. (结果)动词不定式的用法多样灵活,在句子中起着重要的作用。
初中英语语法总结(动词不定式)★清华大学★英语系测试:为中学英语量身定做.官方网站:/清华大学英语教授50年研究成果初中英语语法(动词不定式)1.不定式的基本形式与结构动词不定式指通常由to加上动词原形(如to write) 所构成的一种非限定性动词形式,但在有些情况下to可以省略。
动词不定式有进行体和完成体(如上to be writing,to have written),也有被动态(如to be written),所有的主动词,不论是及物动词还是不及物动词,也不论是动作动词还是状态动词,都有不定式形式。
助动词除be和have外,没有不定式形式。
动词不定式在语法功能上可作主语、宾语、表语、定语和状语。
2.不定式的用法1)不定式结构作主语1.Te get contact with his family in Taiwan made him extremely happy since they separated more than 40 years ago.2.To finish that task in such a short time is really a challenge.在上述情况下,如果不定式较长,显得头重脚轻,则可由代词让作形式主语(形式主语it不可由that或this等其他代词代替),而将不定式放到后面。
如:1.It made him extremely happy to get contact with his family in Taiwan since they separated more than 40 years ago.2.John admitted that it is always difficult for him to be on time.不定式结构所表示的动作是谁做的,即不定式的逻辑主语,通常可以通过for sb. to do sth. 结构表达:1.It is quite important for us to read good books during a general review.2.It is not difficult fot those talented students to pass the exam.在某些形容词(如careless,clever,considerate,foolish,good,impolite,kind,naughty,nice,silly,stupid等)作表语时,不定式后可以加of来引导出其逻辑主语:1.It is very kind of you to tell me the truth.2.It is stupid of him to do such a silly thing.2)不定式作宾语不定式作宾语有两种:一种是及物动词后直接跟带to的不定式,另一种是“及物动词+疑问词+带to的不定式。
及物动词+带to的不定式结构:只能跟动词不定式的动词,常见的有: afford,agree,aim,appear,ask,believe,care,claim,decide demand,desire,determine,expect,fail,happen,hesitate,hope,intend,learn,long,manage,offer,pretend,promise,prepare,refuse,seek,swear,undertake,want,wish等。
1.He managed to solve the complicated problem.2.The stranger offered to show me the way.3.Mr. Smith undertook to build a new plant in South Africa.动词+疑问代(副)词+不定式:这类动词常见的有advise,decide,find out,forget,inquire,know,learn,see,regard初中英语语法总结,remember,teach,tell,understand,wonder等。
常见的疑问代(副)词有: what,when,where,which,how,whether等。
1.He does not know when to start.2.Y ou can decide whether to continue or to stop.3.I will show you how to deal with it.有时,不定式可由it代替,而把不定式放到后面去。
这可以用这一结构表达:动词(如find,think,consider,feel等)+it+ 形容词+不定式。
1.She considers it necessary to make friends with him.2.We find it difficult to finish all the homework before 9 o’clock.3)不定式做表语一种情况为主语是不定式(表示条件);表语也是不定式(表示结果):1.To see is to believe.2.To work means to earn a living.另一种情况为主语是以aim,duty,hope,idea,job,plan,problem,purpose,thing,wish等名词为中心的短语,或以what 引导的名词性从句,不定式表语对主语起补充说明作用:;例如:1.His aim is to study abroad in the near future.2.The most important thing is to negotiate with them about the price.3.What I want to say is to forget all the unhappy experience.4)不定式作定语不定式结构作名词词组修饰语主要有三种类型:第一种,被修饰的名词词组是不定式的逻辑宾语。
例如:1.There was really nothing to fear.2.He gave me an interesting book to read.如果不定式是不及物动词,后面就得加相应的介词。
例如:1.Mary needs a friend to play with.2.That girl has nothing to worry about.3.They have a strict teacher to listen to.4.Although the film had been on for ten minutes,I still was not able to find a chair to sit on.第二种,被修饰的名词词组是不定式的逻辑主语;例如:1.Have you got a key to unlock the door?2.The action to be taken is correct.3.There is nothing to be gained by pretending.第三种,被修饰的名词词组是不定式的同位结构。
这类名词通常是表示企图、努力、倾向、目的、愿望、is算、能力、意向等意义的名词:ability,attempt,effort,impulse,inclination,wish等。
例如:1.Her daughter will make an even bigger effort to please her.2.I have no wishto quarrel withyou.3.Neither of them had any inclination to do business with Mary.5)不定式作状语不定式结构在句中作状语通常都能转换为限制性状语从句。
例如作原因状语:1.They are quite surprised to see the great changes taking place in the area.2.They are quite surprised because they see the great changes taking place in the area.3.He was lucky to arrive before dark.4.He was lucky because he arrived before dark.作目的状语:1.She raised her voice to be heared better.2.She raised her voice so that she could heard better.3.We went via Heidelberg to miss the traffic jam.4.We went via Heidelberg so that we could miss the traffic jam.作结果状语:1.The French football team played so successfully as to defeat the Brazilians.2.The French football team played so successfully that they evendefeated the Brazilians.3.He got to the station only to be told the train had gone.4.He got to the station and was told that the train had gone.不带to的不定式的使用动词不定式通常带to,但在有些搭配中不带to,在另一些搭配中可带to可不带to。
归纳起来,以下情况下使用不带to不定式:1) 在can/could,/may/might,will/would,shall/should,must,need,dare等情态动词之后,动词不定式不带to。
2)在表示感觉意义的动词,如see初中英语语法总结,feel,watch,notice,smell,hear,observe等后,或是表示“致使”意义的动词,如have,let,make等后,动词不定式不带to。
例如:1.I often heard him say that he would study hard.2.I must have him see his own mistakes.但是,当这类结构转换为被动语态时,后面的不带to不定式一般转换为带to不定式。