2011年考研百问百答手册新东方

考研知识100问1.什么是研究生？研究生是我国国民高等教育的最高层次，分为硕士研究生、博士研究生两个等级。

一般也将硕士毕业生称为“研究生”，将博士毕业生称为“博士”，所以，按照俗称，则变成了“大学生”——“研究生”——“博士”的阶梯。

本文中我们提到的“研究生”专指硕土研究生。

3.什么是学位？学位是标志被授予者的受教育程度和学术水平达到规定标准的学术称号。

我国学位分学士、硕士、博士三级；“博士后”不是学位，而是指获准进入博士后科研流动站，从事科学研究工作的博士学位获得者。

学士学位，由国务院授权高等学校授予，硕士学位、博士学位由国务院授权的高等学校和科研机构授予。

高等学校本科毕业生，成绩优良，达到规定的学术水平者，授予学士学位；高等学校和科研机构的研究生，或具有研究生毕业同等学力的人员，通过硕士(博士)学位的课程考试和论文答辩，成绩合格，达到规定的学术水平者，授予硕士(博士)学位。

授予学位的高等学校和科学研究机构，在学位评定委员会做出授予学位的决议后，发给学位获得者相应的学位证书。

对于国内外卓越的学者或著名的社会活动家，经学位授予单位提名，国务院学位委员会批准，可以授予名誉博士学位。

4.什么是学科？为便于学习和科学研究，把科学知识进行编目后的分类单位称为学科。

学科纵向分类为级别，最高级为“门”，次级为“一级”，再次级为“二级”，以下类推；学科横向分为12个“门”类，如“理、工、农、医、文、史、哲、经、管、法、教育、军事”12个门类。

比如“工”就是工学科，工学科下设有一级学科，比如“机械工程”、“电子科学技术”、“计算机科学技术”、“建筑学”等；一级学科下又分二级学科，如“机械工程”下的二级学科有“机械制造及其自动化”、“机械电子工程”、“机械设计及理论”、“车辆工程”等。

在二级学科中，本科教育设置专业、研究生教育设置学科。

5.研究生招生简章中的研究方向是什么意思？有什么作用？研究方向是指一个研究组织或研究人员在一定历史时期内主导研究领域，它对研究组织和研究人员的发展及其成败起着极其重要的作用，直接关系到能否出成果和出人才。

2011年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语考试（二）考试大纲考试性质英语（二）考试是为高等学校和科研机构招收硕士研究生而设置的具有选拔性质的全国统一入学考试科目，其目的是科学、公正、有效地测试考生对英语语言的运用能力，评价的标准时高等学校非英语专业本科毕业生所能达到的及格或及格以上水平，以保证被录取者具有一定的英语水平，并有利于各高等学校和科研院所在专业上择优选拔。

考试形式和试卷结构(一)考试形式考试形式为笔试。

考试时间为180分钟。

满分为100分。

试卷分试题册和答题卡。

答题卡分为答题卡1和答题卡2。

考生应将英语知识运用和阅读理解部分的答案按要求填涂在答题卡1上，将英译汉和写作部分的答案写在答题卡2上。

(二)考试内容与试卷结构试题分四部分，共48题，包括英语知识运用、阅读理解、英译汉和写作。

第一部分英语知识运用主要是考查考生对英语知识的综合运用能力。

共20小题，每小题0.5分，共10分。

在一篇约350词的文章中留出20个空白，要求考生从每题所给的4个选项中选出最佳答案，使补全后的文章意思通顺、前后连贯、结构完整。

考生在答题卡1上作答。

第二部分阅读理解主要是考查考生获取信息、理解文章、猜测重要生词词义并进行推断等方面的能力。

该部分由A、B两节组成，共25小题，每小题2分，共50分。

A节(20小题)本部分为多项选择题，共四篇文章，总长度为1500词左右。

要求考生阅读文章并回答每篇文章后面的问题。

考生需在每小题所提供的选项（A、B、C、D）中选出唯一正确或是最合适的答案。

每篇文章设5题，共20小题。

每小题2分，共40分。

考生在答题卡1上作答。

B节(5小题)本部分有3种备选题型。

每次考试从这3种备选题型中选择一种进行考查。

或者这3种形式中某几种的组合进行考查。

本节文章设5小题，每小题2分，共10分。

考生在答题卡1上作答。

备选题型有：1)多项对应。

2)小标题对应。

3)正误判断。

第三部分：英译汉考查考生理解所给英语语言材料并将其译成汉语的能力。

新东方2011年考研英语阅读真题答案超级详解Text 1①Of all the changes that have taken place in English-language newspapers during the past quarter-century, perhaps the most far-reaching has been the inexorable decline in the scope and seriousness of their arts coverage.【考点分析】灭绝师太常考(the most)本句的意思是"过去这些年英语报纸上所发生的最有影响力的变化的可能是艺术评论的在报道范围和严肃性的堕落".①It is difficult to the point of impossibility for the average reader under the age of forty to imagine a time when high-quality arts criticism could be found in most big-city newspapers. ②Yet a considerable number of the most significant collections of criticism published in the 20th century consisted in large part of newspaper reviews. ③To read such books today is to marvel at the fact that their learned contents were once deemed suitable for publication in general-circulation dailies.【考点分析】①to the point of "到...地步" ②转折常考，出21题。

考研复试百问百答！陪你备战2015复试！时间过得很快，一年的努力终会换来学校的复试通知。

这一年的时间里，陪着你的迷茫，伴着你走过一路的艰辛，终于和你一块迎来复试。

2015年考研成绩大概在2月12日公布，同学们可以好好利用寒假时间准备复试。

老师近期特意搜集围绕复试的百问百答，希望大家能够像对待初试一样积极、认真对待复试，行动起来，不要等到成绩出来再仓促准备，祝愿2015的童鞋们都可以实现梦想！一、考前须知1.分数线出来后，怎么办？（1）高分能够上第一志愿，进行复试；（2）低分能够上第一志愿，一边准备复试，一边联系调剂学校；（3）各科过线，但未能上第一志愿，联系调剂，同时准备复试；（4）有某一科目未过国家线，准备找工作。

2. 复试有哪些规定？每个学校根据教育部的规定，结合本校的实际情况，每个学校的规定有所不同，注意查看报考学校研究生院信息。

3.复试时间大概在什么时间？34所会根据各个院校的情况自行安排复试时间，除去34所之外学校都会在国家分数线出来后，大概一个月左右的时间考试。

4.复试分数线什么时候出？目前从已出分数查询通知的省份来推断，2015年研究生成绩查询工作从2月12日开始，34所高校分数线差不多在3月初，复试是在3月中旬；其他高校陆续会在4月初左右进行复试（时间是预估，仅供参考）。

5.参加复试的条件是什么？报考34所，达到学校分数线；其他院校达到国家线，个别院系会单独划线。

6.过了国家线，就能够参加复试吗？只有个别院校是这样的，34所是自主划线，部分高校是根据学生的报名情况和国家线自行划定分数线，及时关注研究生院，考研帮也会在第一时间将复试相关信息发送给相应高校考生。

7.考研初试过了，复试会被刷下来吗？初试过了，不代表复试没有问题，越来越多的院校提高面试所占的比例，注重学生的综合素质，如语言表达能力、应变能力、人品等方面内容。

8.复试的地点在什么地方？学校研究生院会提前发放考研复试通知，在通知里面会有详细的复试安排细节，及时关注学校网站及考研帮各高校信息。

百问百答目录第一部分：价格类问题1.经济上有困难，能够分期付款吗？（上一次交一次）2.学费太贵了，能优惠吗？3.听说XX在**地方的收费比你们便宜，有这回事吗？4.其他的机构的一对一和你们介绍的一样，为什么你们的费用贵呢？5.你们北京的价格是统一的吗？为什么每个校区报的价格都不一样？6.听说你们价格分档，你们这个档是怎么定的啊？7.你们这费用，怎么还有个零头？省的了么？8.我朋友的孩子07年的时候在这辅导，不是这个价格，现在价格涨了这么多？9.我以前在XX报个名，现在能够按照以前的价格报名吗？10.就你们这一次性综合费500元，为什么要收，能免除吗？11.你们的价格能找到什么样的老师呢。

我们的孩子以前都是400元/小时？第二部分：师资类问题12.你们的老师都是哪里的？13.有重点中学的老师吗（人大附，四中）？14.老师的教学水平如何考核？15.上课后对老师不满意，可以调换吗？16.老师如何做到每次课都针对性的教学？17.每次课后都有作业吗？作业多吗？谁负责批改？18.普通老师，3A，5A老师教学方式有什么不同，教学效果有何区别？如何区分？19.你们的老师都是专职老师，怎么能保证和学校教学同步，把握考试的命题方向呢？20.XX的老师可以各校共用吗？21.家长可以自己挑选老师吗？22.其他机构总换老师，你们会不会换老师？23.课改后，你们老师如何把握教学方向？24.你们老师对自主招生考试了解吗？第三部分：学习效果类问题25.通过教学多长时间能有成绩的提升？26.少报一部分课时，我们看看效果，如果好再续？27.能不能通过你们的辅导，改变孩子的学习习惯，学习态度？28.我先报一科100课时，老师会不会故意拉长授课进度，老师没有紧迫感？29.怎么检测和保证孩子的学习效果？效果如何体现？30.你们XX也成立八年了，每年提分比率是多少？31.能不能报目标/报分数？32.孩子没有学习兴趣，怎么培养？33.孩子基础很差，你们怎么辅导？34.我们家的孩子注意力不集中，完成作业的效率很低，怎么办？35.我们家的孩子因为早恋严重影响了学习成绩，你们有什么办法改变吗？36.我们家的孩子因为迷恋网游，已经放弃学习了，怎么办？37.我们家的孩子在其他机构辅导过，没有效果，孩子再也不想参加辅导了，怎么办？38.我们家的孩子孩子很聪明，就是学习不用心，其他方面都很优秀，怎么办？39.我们家的孩子其他科目都不错，就是数学不好，而且孩子一点儿都不想学习数学，该怎么办？40.你们一对一和大，小班的效果有什么不同？第四部分市场类问题41.XX为什么不开设大班辅导呢？42.XX和其他机构有什么不同呢（京翰，学而思，巨人，金钥匙）？43.你们能一对二吗（与校区总监核实是否可行，再选择答案）？44.你们这里有VIP客户打折卡吗？45.你们怎么不在房山设立学习中心，我们离现在所有的学习中心都很远。

考研常识百问百答一、考研简介考研是指参加研究生入学考试的一种方式，通过考研可以进入高等院校攻读硕士或博士学位。

考研的科目包括英语、政治、数学、外语、专业课等。

考研的难度较大，需要考生具备扎实的基础知识和良好的学习能力。

二、考研报名考研报名一般在每年的十月份开始，考生需要提前准备好相关材料，如身份证、学位证、成绩单等，并按照规定的时间和地点报名。

报名时需要缴纳一定的报名费用，并按照要求填写个人信息。

三、考研科目考研科目分为公共科目和专业科目。

公共科目包括英语、政治、数学、外语等，专业科目则根据考生所报考的专业不同而有所差异。

考生需要根据自己的实际情况和专业要求来选择报考的科目。

四、考研复习考研复习是考生取得好成绩的关键。

复习时需要制定合理的复习计划，合理安排每天的学习时间，并根据自己的实际情况合理安排各科目的复习进度。

在复习过程中，可以参加一些辅导班或者自习室，与其他考生共同学习，相互鼓励。

五、考研心态考研是一项艰苦的任务，需要考生有坚定的信念和积极的心态。

在备考过程中，会遇到各种困难和挫折，考生需要保持乐观向上的心态，相信自己一定能够取得好成绩。

同时，要保持良好的生活习惯，合理安排作息时间，保证充足的睡眠和饮食。

六、考研就业考研并不是为了就业，而是为了提高自身的学术水平和研究能力。

考研生毕业后，可以选择继续攻读博士学位，也可以选择从事教育、科研、企事业单位等工作。

无论从事何种工作，考研生都需要不断学习和提升自己的专业能力。

七、考研经验考研经验是考生备考过程中的宝贵财富。

不同的考生有不同的备考方法和技巧，考生可以向曾经考研成功的同学请教，寻求他们的经验和建议。

同时，要保持积极的心态，相信自己一定能够取得好成绩。

八、考研动力考研需要付出大量的时间和精力，需要考生具备坚定的动力和毅力。

考生可以给自己制定一些小目标，每次达到目标后给予自己一些奖励，让自己保持积极的动力，坚持到最后。

九、考研压力考研备考过程中会面临很大的压力，考生需要学会应对和释放压力。

2011年考研之路：25个问题详解(一)考研的整个程序有哪些1.与学校联系，确定具体的学校、专业，获得具体的考试信息如果确定了要考研，确定了要报考的大致学校和专业范围后，要和学校联系，获得最新的招生信息，要及时把握最新的学校里的动态。

这样才不会无的放矢。

2.先期准备获得了充分的专业课信息后，找到了完备的复习资料后，就该踏实看书复习了。

既然选择了远方，便只顾风雨兼程。

一旦确定了目标，便要义无反顾地投身到复习中。

复习中，一定要脚踏实地，认认真真。

3.报名报名时间一般在11月，这几年都是10-14号。

在校生报名时由学校统一报名。

在职人员报名一般在地市一级教委的高招办或者报考的学校，也可以异地报名，即因为出差等原因在外地报名和参加考试。

报名时填报报考学校和专业时可以填两个：第一志愿，第二志愿。

研究生考试的专业课试题是各个招生单位自己命题，考生要按报第一志愿的试题来考试。

4.初试初试一般在1、2月份的春节前1、2个星期。

考试要持续2天，进行4门考试，每门考试3个小时，考试地点一般在地市一级教委高招办设立的考点，或者招生的高校，考生在报名时可以选择这两种考点。

5.调剂大约在寒假过后，春季开学后1、2周，专业课成绩差不多就出来了，这个时候可以打电话向系里和研招办询问。

再过1、2周，公共课的成绩也出来了。

这以后到发复试通知的一段时间是很关键的，如果名次不是特别理想，录取在两可之间，就要多和报考单位(系里)和导师联系，实在不行就看有无可能读自费和委培，或者调剂到别的学校。

6.复试复试一般在5.1前后，过去一般是等额面试，现在基本上都已改成差额面试。

每年都有一部分考生在复试中折戟，因此竞争非常残酷。

这就要求考生朋友们要精心准备面试，在面试中要有一个自信，从容的心态，这样才能果决、流畅地回答老师提出的问题。

7.录取复试通过后，学校将发函到你的档案所在单位，将你的档案调往学校，审查没有重大问题后(主要是政治性问题)，将会发放录取通知书，将你所有的关系，包括组织、户口、工资关系，转往学校(委培培养除外)。

2011考研英语试题及标准答案2011考研英语试题及标准答案Section I Use of EnglishDirections:Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark [A], [B], [C] or [D] on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points)Ancient Greek philosopher Aristotle viewed laughter as “a bodily exercise precious to health.” But _____some claims to the contrary, laughing probably has little influence on physical filness Laughter does _____short-term changes in the function of the heart and its blood vessels, ____ heart rate and oxygen consumption But because hard laughter is difficult to ____, a good laugh is unlikely to have _____ benefits the way, say, walking or jogging does.____, instead of straining muscles to build them, as exercise does, laughter apparently accomplishes the ____, studies dating back to the 1930’s indicate that laughter. muscles,Such bodily reaction might conceivably help____the effects of psychological stress.Anyway,the act of laughing probably does produce other types of______feedback,that improve an individual’s emotional state. ______one classical theory of emotion,our feelings are partially rooted _______ physical reactions. It was argued at the end of the 19th century that humans do not cry ______they are sad but they become sad when te tears begin to flow.Although sadness also _______tears,evidence suggests that emotions can flow _____ muscular responses.In an experiment published in 1988,social psychologist Fritz.10.[A]physical [B]mental [C]subconscious[D]internal11.[A]Except for [B]According to [C]Due to[D]As for12.[A]with [B]on [C]in [D]at13.[A]unless [B]until [C]if [D]because14.[A]exhausts [B]follows [C]precedes[D]suppresses15.[A]into [B]from [C]towards [D]beyond16.[A]fetch [B]bite [C]pick [D]hold17.[A]disappointed [B]excited [C]joyful[D]indifferent18.[A]adapted [B]catered [C]turned[D]reacted19.[A]suggesting [B]requiring[C]mentioning [D]supposing20.[A]Eventually [B]Consequently[C]Similarly [D]ConverselySection II Reading ComprehensionPart ADirections:Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing [A], [B], [C] or [D]. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. (40 points)Text 1The decision of the New York Philharmonic to hire Alan Gilbert as its next music director has been the talk of the classical-music world ever since the sudden announcement of his appointment in 2009. For the most part, the response has been favorable, to say the least. “Hooray! At last!” wrote Anthony Tommasini, a sober-sided classical-music critic.One of the reasons why the appointment came as such a surprise, however, is that Gilbert is comparatively little known. Even Tommasini, who had advocated Gilbert’s appointment in the Times,calls him “an unpretentious musician with no air of the formidable conductor about him.” As a description of the next music director of an orchestra that has hitherto been led by musicians like Gustav Mahler and Pierre Boulez, that seems likely to have struck at least some Times readers as faint praise.For my part, I have no idea whether Gilbert is a great conductor or even a good one. To be sure, he performs an impressive variety of interesting compositions, but it is not necessary for me to visit Avery Fisher Hall, or anywhere else, to hear interesting orchestral music. All I have to do is to go to my CD shelf, or boot up my computer and download still more recorded music from iTunes.Devoted concertgoers who reply that recordings are no substitute for live performance are missing the point. For the time, attention, and money of the art-loving public, classical instrumentalists must compete not only with opera houses, dance troupes, theater companies, and museums, but also with the recorded performances of the great classical musicians of the20thcentury. There recordings are cheap, available everywhere, and very often much higher in artistic quality than today’s live performances; moreover, they can be “consumed” at a time and place of the listener’s choosing. The widespread availability of such recordings has thus brought about a crisis in the institution of the traditional classical concert.One possible response is for classical performers to program attractive new music that is not yet available on record. Gilbert’s own interest in new music hasbeen widely noted: Alex Ross, aclassical-music critic, has described him as a man who is capable of turning the Philharmonic into “a markedly different, more vibrant organization.” But what will be the nature of that difference? Merely expanding the orchestra’s repertoire will not be enough. If Gilbert and the Philharmonic are to succeed, they must first change the relationship between America’s oldest orchestra and the new audience it hops to attract.21. We learn from Para.1 that Gilbert’s appointment has[A]incurred criticism.[B]raised suspicion.[C]received acclaim.[D]aroused curiosity.22. Tommasini regards Gilbert as an artist who is[A]influential.[B]modest.[C]respectable.[D]talented.23. The author believes that the devoted concertgoers[A]ignore the expenses of live performances.[B]reject most kinds of recorded performances.[C]exaggerate the variety of live performances.[D]overestimate the value of live performances.24. According to the text, which of the following is true of recordings?[A]They are often inferior to live concerts in quality.[B]They are easily accessible to the general public.[C]They help improve the quality of music.[D]They have only covered masterpieces.25. Regarding Gilbert’s role in revitalizing the Philharmonic, the author feels[A]doubtful.[B]enthusiastic.[C]confident.[D]puzzled.Text 2When Liam McGee departed as president of Bank of America in August, his explanationwas surprisingly straight up. Rather than cloaking his exit in the usual vague excuses, he came right out and said he was leaving “to pursue my goal of running a company.” Broadcasting his ambition was “very much my decision,” McGee says. Within two weeks, he was talking for the first time with the board of Hartford Financial Services Group, which named him CEO andchairman on September 29.McGee says leaving without a position lined up gave him time to reflect on what kind of company he wanted to run. It also sent a clear message to the outside world about his aspirations. And McGee isn’t alone. In recent weeks the No.2 executives at Avon and American Express quit with the explanation that they were looking for a CEO post. As boards scrutinize succession plans in response to shareholder pressure, executives who don’t get the nod also may wish to move on. A turbulent businessenvironment also has senior managers cautious of letting vague pronouncements cloud their reputations.As the first signs of recovery begin to take hold, deputy chiefs may be more willing to make the jump without a net. In the third quarter, CEO turnover was down 23% from a year ago as nervous boards stuck with the leaders they had, according to Liberum Research. As the economy picks up, opportunities will abound for aspiring leaders.The decision to quit a senior position to look for a better one is unconventional. For years executives and headhunters have adhered to the rule that the most attractive CEO candidates are the ones who must be poached. Says Korn/Ferry senior partner Dennis Carey:”I can’t think of a single search I’ve done where a board has not instructed me to look at sitting CEOs first.”Those who jumped without a job haven’t always landed in top positions quickly. Ellen Marram quit as chief of Tropicana a decade age, saying she wanted to be a CEO. It was a year before she became head of a tiny Internet-based commodities exchange. Robert Willumstad left Citigroup in 2005 with ambitions to be a CEO. He finally took that post at a major financial institution three years later.Many recruiters say the old disgrace is fading for top performers. The financial crisis has made it more acceptable to be between jobs or to leave a bad one. “The traditional rule was it’s safer to stay where you are, but that’s been fundamentally inverted,” says one headhunter. “The people who’ve been hurt the worst are those who’ve stayed too long.”26. When McGee announced his departure, his manner can best be described as being[A]arrogant.[B]frank.[C]self-centered.[D]impulsive.27. According to Paragraph 2, senior executives’ quitting may be spurred by[A]their expectation of better financial status.[B]their need to reflect on their private life.[C]their strained relations with the boards.[D]their pursuit of new career goals.28. The word “poached” (Line 3, Paragraph 4) most probably means[A]approved of.[B]attended to.[C]hunted for.[D]guarded against.29. It can be inferred from the last paragraph that[A]top performers used to cling to their posts.[B]loyalty of top performers is getting out-dated.[C]top performers care more about reputations.[D]it’s safer to stick to the traditional rules.30. Which of the following is the best title for the text?[A]CEOs: Where to Go?[B]CEOs: All the Way Up?[C]Top Managers Jump without a Net[D]The Only Way Out for Top PerformersText 3The rough guide to marketing success used to be that you got what you paid for. No longer. While traditional “paid” media –such as television commercials and print advertisements –still play a major role, companies today can exploit many alternative forms of media. Consumers passionate about a product may create “owned” media by sending e-mail alerts about products and sales to customers registered with its Web site. The way consumers now approach the broad range of factors beyond conventional paid media.Paid and owned media are controlled by marketers promoting their own products. For earned media , such marketers act as the initiator for users’ responses. But in some cases, one marketer’s owned media become another marketer’s paid media –for instance, when an e-commerce retailersells ad space on its Web site. We define such sold media as owned media whose traffic is so strong that other organizations place their content or e-commerce engines within that environment. This trend ,which we believe is still in its infancy, effectively began with retailers and travel providers such as airlines and hotels and will no doubt go further. Johnson & Johnson, for example, has created BabyCenter, astand-alone media property that promotes complementary and even competitive products. Besides generating income, the presence of other marketers makes the site seem objective, gives companies opportunities to learn valuable information about the appeal of other companies’ marketing, and may help expand usertraffic for all companies concerned.The same dramatic technological changes that have provided marketers with more (and more diverse) communications choices havealso increased the risk that passionate consumers will voice their opinions in quicker, more visible, and much more damaging ways. Such hijacked media are the opposite of earned media: an asset or campaign becomes hostage to consumers, other stakeholders, or activists who make negative allegations about a brand or product. Members of social networks, for instance, are learning that they can hijack media to apply pressure on the businesses that originally created them.If that happens, passionate consumers would try to persuade others to boycott products, putting the reputation of the target company at risk. In such a case, the company’s response may not be sufficiently quick or thoughtful, and the learning curve has been steep. Toyota Motor, for example, alleviated some of the damage from its recall crisis earlier this year with a relatively quick and well-orchestrated social-media responsecampaign, which included efforts to engage with consumers directly on sites such as Twitter and the social-news site Digg.31.Consumers may create “earned” media when they are[A] obscssed with online shopping at certain Web sites.[B] inspired by product-promoting e-mails sent to them.[C] eager to help their friends promote quality products.[D] enthusiastic about recommending their favorite products.32. According to Paragraph 2,sold media feature[A] a safe business environment.[B] random competition.[C] strong user traffic.[D] flexibility in organization.33. The author indicates in Paragraph 3 that earned media[A] invite constant conflicts with passionate consumers.[B] can be used to produce negative effects in marketing.[C] may be responsible for fiercer competition.[D] deserve all the negative comments about them.34. Toyota Motor’s experience is cited as an example of[A] responding effectively to hijacked media[B] persuading customers into boycotting products.[C] cooperating with supportive consumers.[D] taking advantage of hijacked media.35. Which of the following is the text mainly about ?[A] Alternatives to conventional paid media.[B] Conflict between hijacked and earned media.[C] Dominance of hijacked media.[D] Popularity of owned media.Text 4It’s no surprise that Jennifer Senior’s insightful, provocative magazine cover story, “I love My Children, I Hate My Life,” is arousing much chatter –nothing gets people talking like the suggestion that child rearing is anything less than a completely fulfilling, life-enriching experience. Rather than concluding that children make parents either happy or miserable, Senior suggestswe need to redefine happiness: instead of thinking of it as something that can be measured by moment-to-moment joy, we should consider being happy as apast-tense condition. Even though theday-to-day experience of raising kids can be soul-crushingly hard, Senior writes that “the very things that in the moment dampen our moods can later be sources of intense gratification and delight.”The magazine cover showing an attractive mother holding a cute baby is hardly the only Madonna-and-child image on newsstands this week. There are also stories about newly adoptive –and newly single –mom Sandra Bullock, as well as the usual “Jennifer Aniston is pregnant” news. Practically every week features at least one celebrity mom, or mom-to-be, smiling on the newsstands.In a society that so persistently celebrates procreation, is it any wonder that admitting you regret having children is equivalent to admitting you support kitten-killing ? It doesn’t seem quite fair, then, to compare the regrets of parents to the regrets of the children. Unhappy parents rarely are provoked to wonder if they shouldn’t have had kids, but unhappy childless folks are bothered with the message that children are the single most important thing in the world: obviously their misery must be a direct result of the gaping baby-size holes in their lives.Of course, the image of parenthood that celebrity magazines like Us Weekly and People present is hugely unrealistic, especially when the parents are single mothers like Bullock. According to several studies concluding that parents are less happy than childless couples, single parents are the least happy of all. No sh**,considering how much work it is to raise a kid without a partner to lean on; yet to hear Sandra and Britney tell it, raising a kid on their “own” (read: with round-the-clock help) is a piece of cake.It’s hard to imagine that many people are dumb enough to want children just because Reese and Angelina make it look so glamorous: most adults understand that a baby is not a haircut. But it’s interesting to wonder if the images we see every week of stress-free, happiness-enhancing parenthood aren’t in some small, subconscious way contributing to our own dissatisfactions with the actual experience, in the same way that a small part of us hoped getting “ the Rachel” might make us look just a little bit like Jennifer Aniston.36.Jennifer Senior suggests in her article that raising a child can bring[A]temporary delight[B]enjoyment in progress[C]happiness in retrospect[D]lasting reward37.We learn from Paragraph 2 that[A]celebrity moms are a permanent source for gossip.[B]single mothers with babies deserve greater attention.[C]news about pregnant celebrities is entertaining.[D]having children is highly valued by the public.38.It is suggested in Paragraph 3 that childless folks[A]are constantly exposed to criticism.[B]are largely ignored by the media.[C]fail to fulfill their social responsibilities.[D]are less likely to be satisfied with their life.39.According to Paragraph 4, the message conveyed by celebrity magazines is[A]soothing.[B]ambiguous.[C]compensatory.[D]misleading.40.Which of the following can be inferred from the last paragraph?[A]Having children contributes little to the glamour of celebrity moms.[B]Celebrity moms have influenced our attitude towards child rearing.[C]Having children intensifies our dissatisfaction with life.[D]We sometimes neglect the happiness from child rearing.Part BDirections:The following paragraph are given in a wrong order. For Questions 41-45, you are required to reorganize these paragraphs into a coherent text by choosing from the list A-G to filling them into the numbered boxes. Paragraphs E and G have been correctly placed. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1.(10 points)[A] No disciplines have seized on professionalism with as much enthusiasm as the humanities. You can, Mr Menand points out, became a lawyer in three years and a medical doctor in four. But the regular time it takes to get a doctoral degree in thehumanities is nine years. Not surprisingly, up to half of all doctoral students in English drop out before getting their degrees.[B] His concern is mainly with the humanities: Literature, languages, philosophy and so on. These are disciplines that are going out of style: 22% of American college graduates now major in business compared with only 2% in history and 4% in English. However, many leading American universities want their undergraduates to have a grounding in the basic canon of ideas that every educated person should posses. But most find it difficult to agree on what a “general education” should look like. At Harvard, Mr Menand notes, “the great books are read because they have been read”-they form a sort of social glue.[C] Equally unsurprisingly, only about half end up with professorships for which theyentered graduate school. There are simply too few posts. This is partly because universities continue to produce ever more PhDs. But fewer students want to study humanities subjects: English departments awarded more bachelor’s degrees in 1970-71 than they did 20 years later. Fewer students requires fewer teachers. So, at the end of a decade of theses-writing, many humanities students leave the profession to do something for which they have not been trained.[D] One reason why it is hard to design and teach such courses is that they can cut across the insistence by top American universities that liberal-arts educations and professional education should be kept separate, taught in different schools. Many students experience both varieties. Although more than half of Harvard undergraduates end up in law, medicine or business, future doctors and lawyers muststudy a non-specialist liberal-arts degree before embarking on a professional qualification.[E] Besides professionalizing the professions by this separation, top American universities have professionalised the professor. The growth in public money for academic research has speeded the process: federal research grants rose fourfold between 1960and 1990, but faculty teaching hours fell by half as research took its toll. Professionalism has turned the acquisition of a doctoral degree into a prerequisite for a successful academic career: as late as 1969a third of American professors did not possess one. But the key idea behind professionalisation, argues Mr Menand, is that “the knowledge and skills needed for a particular specialization are transmissible but not transferable.”So disciplines acquire a monopoly not just over the production ofknowledge, but also over the production of the producers of knowledge.[F] The key to reforming higher education, concludes Mr Menand, is to alter the way in which “the producers of knowledge are produced.”Otherwise, academics will continue to think dangerously alike, increasingly detached from the societies which they study, investigate and criticize.”Academic inquiry, at least in some fields, may need to become less exclusionary and more holistic.”Yet quite how that happens, Mr Menand dose not say.[G] The subtle and intelligent little book T he Marketplace of Ideas: Reform and Resistance in the American University should be read by every student thinking of applying to take a doctoral degree. They may then decide to go elsewhere. For something curious has been happening in AmericanUniversities, and Louis Menand, a professor of English at Harvard University, captured it skillfully.G → 41. →42. → E →43. →44. →45.新题型答案：G→ B→ D→ E→ A→ C→FPart CDirections:Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese. Your translation should be written carefully on ANSWER SHEET 2. (10 points)With its theme that “Mind is the master weaver,” creating our inner character and outer circumstances, the book As a Man Thinking by James Allen is an in-depthexploration of the central idea of self-help writing.(46) Allen’s contribution was to take an assumption we all share-that because we are not robots we therefore control our thoughts-and reveal its erroneous nature. Because most of us believe that mind is separate from matter, we think that thoughts can be hidden and made powerless; this allows us to think one way and act another. However, Allen believed that the unconscious mind generates as much action as the conscious mind, and (47) while we may be able to sustain the illusion of control through the conscious mind alone, in reality we are continually faced with a question: “Why cannot I make myself do this or achieve that? ”Since desire and will are damaged by the presence of thoughts that do not accord with desire, Allen concluded : “ We do notattract what we want, but what we are.” Achievement happens because you as a person embody the external achievement; you don’t “ get” success but become it. There is no gap between mind and matter.Part of the fame of Allen’s book is its contention that “Circumstances do not make a person, they reveal him.” (48) This seems a justification for neglect of those in need, and a rationalization of exploitation, of the superiority of those at the top and the inferiority of those at the bottom.This ,however, would be a knee-jerk reaction to a subtle argument. Each set of circumstances, however bad, offers a unique opportunity for growth. If circumstances always determined the life and prospects of people, then humanity would never have progressed. In fat, (49)circumstances seem to be designed to bring out the best in us and if we feel that we have been “wronged”then we are unlikely to begin a conscious effort to escape from oursituation .Nevertheless, as any biographer knows, a person’s early life and its conditions are often the greatest gift to an individual.The sobering aspect of Allen’s book is that we have no one else to blame for our present condition except ourselves. (50) The upside is the possibilities contained in knowing that everything is up to us; where before we were experts in the array of limitations, now we become authorities of what is possible.翻译答案：46、爱伦的贡献在于，他拿出“我们并不是机器人，所以能控制自己思想”这一公认的假设，并揭示了其谬误所在。

考研100问（五）——考研要不要报辅导班？2009-05-23 14:20问：我总觉得辅导班就是盈利性质的机构，帮助肯定有，但是肯定会占用很多复习时间，觉得不划算，有没有考过的，说一下啊考研前线强烈建议不要随便报班，钱是一方面，时间更重要。

自己的经验才是最宝贵的，相信只要付出，肯定会有收获。

答1 ：首先必须声明几点，第一，考研怎么说都是一个艰苦的过程，主要还是靠自己，辅导班的作用，只是说对于从未有过考研经验的人来说是一个指路的东西，可以让你少走弯路，但绝不是你的拐杖，所以，重在你自己！第二，没有任何一个老师是万能的，没有任何一个老师适合每一个人，所以，在不能迷信辅导班的同时，也不能迷信某某“名师”，“第一人”之类。

第三，今天写的东西全是我的个人意见，仅供参考呵呵。

现在来说说我和我的室友上的辅导班。

政治上过导航的政治强化和冲刺，老师有张俊芳，陈先奎，雷雨等等，另外把文都那几个人的强化班录音听了，最后还有导航陈先奎和文都包仁的点题。

英语我上的是文都朱泰祺的强化和冲刺，室友是文都胡敏团队的强化和冲刺。

上的最少的数学，只有室友上过文都的数学冲刺，老师是黄先开，曹显宾，我自己上过海文的60题精讲，老师是李永乐，李正元和王式安。

下面来分科介绍一下。

首先是政治，政治我的个人意见是：不上任何强化班！为什么这么说，因为政治有五科，马哲，政经，毛概，邓论和当代，在我看来，没有任何一个辅导班可以把每科的第一人都网罗在自己麾下，而政治的强化班也没有必要上的太早，暑假开始是没有问题的。

所以我推荐的方法是：下录音！这样可以把每个学科的第一人的课都听了，不用花钱，也不用受罪。

现在说一下我认为的第一人：马哲：就不给第二选择了，就选导航的张俊芳。

我听过她的强化和冲刺，讲的还是很好的，最绝的是冲刺，只划出一点需要背得东西，其他的说是时间原因就不用背了，结果考得还就是那里的。

室友听了她的冲刺，强化听的是文都李海洋的录音，觉得比张俊芳还是有差距的。