2013年厦门大学物理化学考研真题2013

化学系2013年硕士研究生复试名单（第一批，不含专业内调剂）特别提示：1、因为时间紧迫，我校绝大部分院系都不再寄发复试通知书。

各位考生只要从厦大招生办或本站网页上的复试名单中查找到自己，即可根据化学系的复试安排直接前来复试。

2、考生复试时须携带本人以下材料到本系接受资格审查：（1）填写完整并密封完好的《厦门大学2013年硕士研究生政治表现情况审查表》（该表的空表可在厦门大学招生办网页下载区：下载）；（2）毕业证书、学位证书原件（应届生携学生证）及复印件；（3）大学期间成绩单（加盖教务部门或档案单位红色或蓝色公章）；（4）身份证原件及复印件；（5）准考证（遗失者可免交）；（6）一张近期1寸免冠彩照，用于体检；（7）考生自述（主要包括考生本人的政治表现、外语水平、业务和科研能力、研究计划等方面内容）；（8）体检表（可在复试后补交）。

除上述材料之外，如果您是以大专学历报考的同等学力考生，还必须提交的材料：（9）大专毕业证书原件及复印件、6门以上本科专业课课程成绩证明的原件和英语四级等外语水平考试成绩单原件及复印件。

注：政审表一般由考生档案所在单位填写、签字并盖章；若考生档案由工作单位寄挂在人才市场，则由考生工作单位填写、签字并盖章。

注意：凡未进行资格审查或资格审查未通过的考生一律不得参加复试！3、根据省物价局闽价【2002】费179号文件精神，参加复试的考生每人需交复试费30元（报到时向化学系缴交）。

4、体检时间：本校及本地考生在向相关院系查询确认自己具有复试资格后即可前往厦门大学医院体检，外地考生请于复试期间前往厦门大学医院体检（详细体检须知请登陆厦门大学招生办网站查询）。

5、此为第一志愿上学校线并上所报考专业线的复试名单，专业内调剂参加所调剂专业复试名单将在3月12日后公布。

6、报到时间：3月15日（本周五）8：00-18：00报到地点：同安二103室（化学系系办）复试时间：3月15日晚—17日（具体安排后发）专业名称：无机化学本专业招生计划： 27 人复试线：政治50、英语50、专业课80、总分310 。

北京科技大学2013年硕士学位研究生入学考试试题============================================================================================================= 试题编号： 627 试题名称：物理化学B （共 5 页）适用专业：化学说明： 1.所有答案必须写在答题纸上，做在试题或草稿纸上无效。

2.符号$在右上角表示标准态, 例如p$表示一个标准压力100kPa. E$表示标准电动势等。

=============================================================================================================一、选择题( 共15题，每题2分共30分)1. 下述体系中的组分B，选择假想标准态的是：( )（A）理想溶液中的组分B; （B）理想混合气体中的组分B（C）非理想溶液中的溶剂; （D）稀溶液中的溶质B2. 将某理想气体从温度T1加热到T2。

若此变化为非恒压过程，则其焓变ΔH应为何值? ( )(A) ΔH=0 (B) ΔH=C p(T2-T1)(C) ΔH不存在(D) ΔH等于其它值3. 已知在373 K时,液体A的饱和蒸气压为66 662 Pa，液体B的饱和蒸气压为1.01 325×105 Pa，设A和B构成理想液体混合物，则当A在溶液中的物质的量分数为0.5 时，气相中A的物质的量分数应为：( )(A) 0.200；(B) 0.300；(C) 0.397；(D) 0.6034. 在温度T时，纯液体A 的饱和蒸气压为p A*，化学势为μA*，并且已知在p$压力下的凝固点为T f*，当 A 中溶入少量与 A 不形成固态溶液的溶质而形成为稀溶液时，上述三物理量分别为p A，μ A，T f ，则( )(A) p A*< p A， μA*<μA，T f* < T f；(B) p A*> p A， μA*<μA，T f* < T f(C) p A*< p A， μA*<μA，T f* > T f；(D) p A*> p A， μA*>μA，T f* > T f5. 有下述陈述(1) 溶液的化学势等于溶液中各组分的化学势之和(2) 对于纯组分，则化学势等于其摩尔Gibbs自由能(3) 理想溶液各组分在其全部浓度范围内服从Henry定律(4) 理想溶液各组分在其全部浓度范围内服从Raoult定律上述诸说法正确的是：( )(A) (1)，(2)；(B) (2)，(3)；(C) (2)，(4)；(D) (3)，(4)6. 如图，在绝热盛水容器中，浸有电阻丝，通以电流一段时间，如以电阻丝为体系,则上述过程的Q 、W 和体系的ΔU 值的符号为： ( )(A) W = 0, Q < 0, ΔU < 0； (B) W < 0, Q < 0, ΔU > 0(C) W = 0, Q > 0, ΔU > 0； （D ）W < 0, Q = 0, ΔU > 07. 节流过程中，下述说法正确的是 ( )（A ）内能不变，压力减少； （B ）焓不变，压力减少；（C ）吉布斯自由能不变，压力不变；（D ）焓不变，压力增加。

2013年硕⼠研究⽣⼊学考试初试专业课627物理化学B试题北京科技⼤学2013年硕⼠学位研究⽣⼊学考试试题=============================================================================================================试题编号： 627 试题名称：物理化学B （共 5 页）适⽤专业：化学说明： 1.所有答案必须写在答题纸上，做在试题或草稿纸上⽆效。

2.符号$在右上⾓表⽰标准态, 例如p$表⽰⼀个标准压⼒100kPa. E$表⽰标准电动势等。

=============================================================================================================⼀、选择题( 共15题，每题2分共30分)1. 下述体系中的组分B，选择假想标准态的是：( )（A）理想溶液中的组分B; （B）理想混合⽓体中的组分B（C）⾮理想溶液中的溶剂; （D）稀溶液中的溶质B2. 将某理想⽓体从温度T1加热到T2。

若此变化为⾮恒压过程，则其焓变ΔH应为何值? ( )(A) ΔH=0 (B) ΔH=C p(T2-T1)(C) ΔH不存在(D) ΔH等于其它值3. 已知在373 K时,液体A的饱和蒸⽓压为66 662 Pa，液体B的饱和蒸⽓压为1.01 325×105 Pa，设A和B构成理想液体混合物，则当A在溶液中的物质的量分数为0.5 时，⽓相中A的物质的量分数应为：( )(A) 0.200；(B) 0.300；(C) 0.397；(D) 0.6034. 在温度T时，纯液体A 的饱和蒸⽓压为p A*，化学势为µA*，并且已知在p$压⼒下的凝固点为T f*，当 A 中溶⼊少量与 A 不形成固态溶液的溶质⽽形成为稀溶液时，上述三物理量分别为p A，µ A，T f ，则( )(A) p A*< p A， µA*<µA，T f* < T f；(B) p A*> p A， µA*<µA，T f* < T f(C) p A*< p A， µA*<µA，T f* > T f；(D) p A*> p A， µA*>µA，T f* > T f5. 有下述陈述(1) 溶液的化学势等于溶液中各组分的化学势之和(2) 对于纯组分，则化学势等于其摩尔Gibbs⾃由能(3) 理想溶液各组分在其全部浓度范围内服从Henry定律(4) 理想溶液各组分在其全部浓度范围内服从Raoult定律上述诸说法正确的是：( )(A) (1)，(2)；(B) (2)，(3)；(C) (2)，(4)；(D) (3)，(4)6. 如图，在绝热盛⽔容器中，浸有电阻丝，通以电流⼀段时间，如以电阻丝为体系,则上述过程的Q 、W 和体系的ΔU 值的符号为： ( )(A) W = 0, Q < 0, ΔU < 0； (B) W < 0, Q < 0, ΔU > 0(C) W = 0, Q > 0, ΔU > 0；（D ）W < 0, Q = 0, ΔU > 07. 节流过程中，下述说法正确的是 ( )（A ）内能不变，压⼒减少；（B ）焓不变，压⼒减少；（C ）吉布斯⾃由能不变，压⼒不变；（D ）焓不变，压⼒增加。

1、（15分）一质量为m=2kg 的质点在合力()F=812i t j -（N ）的作用下在XOY 平面内运动，t=0时质点在坐标原点，初速00v =。

求：（1） 质点的运动方程；（2） t=0(s)至t=2(s)时间内力F对质点所做的功；（3） t=2(s)时刻力F对坐标原点的力矩。

解答：（1）()246(/)F F ma a i t j m s m=⇒==-得：水平24/a m s = 匀加速 4v a tt == m/s 竖直26/a tm s ⊥=- 203tv a d t t⊥==-⎰m/s则质点的运动方程为v ==m/s（2）243v ti t j =- dr vdt =()()()23812433236dW F dr F vdt i t j ti t j dt t t dt =⋅=⋅=-⋅-=+()2303236208t W dW t t dt J ==+=⎰⎰(3)t=2s 时()2224388r vdt ti t j dt i j ==-=-⎰⎰t=2s 时 824F i j =-则128M r F k =⨯=- 则力矩大小为128，方向沿k的负方向2、（18分）唱机的转盘绕通过盘心的竖直轴转动。

唱片放上去后由于摩擦力的作用而随转盘转动，如图所示。

如把唱片近似地看成半径为R ，质量为m 的均匀圆盘，唱片与转盘间的摩擦因数为μ，转盘以恒定角速度ω转动。

试问：（1） 唱片刚放上时，它受到的摩擦力矩为多大？ （2） 唱片放上后经多长时间与转盘无相对滑动？ （3） 在上述时间内驱动装置需做多少功？解答：（1） 取r 处dr 厚度的圆环，则此圆环对轴的摩擦力矩：222dM rdr g r r gdr μδπμδπ=⋅⋅= 又2m Rδπ=则唱片受到的摩擦力矩为：023RM dM mgR μ==⎰ （2）由转动定理：M J α=，可得到243132mgR M g J R mgR μμα===为定值， 则唱片由0加速到ω所用的时间为1034R t gωωαμ-==（3）222dW rgdr dt r r gdr dt μσπωμσπω=⋅⋅= 又043tgtdt Rμωα==⎰则驱动装置做功122220424312333424Rt gt g R m R W r gdr dt mgR R R g μμωωμσπμμ⎛⎫==⋅= ⎪⎝⎭⎰⎰3、（15分）如图所示，已知定滑轮的半径为r ，转动惯量为J ，弹簧的劲度系数为k ，物体的质量为m 。

目　录1．华南理工大学物理化学历年考研真题2014年华南理工大学629物理化学（一）考研真题2015年华南理工大学629物理化学（一）考研真题2016年华南理工大学629物理化学（一）考研真题2017年华南理工大学629物理化学（一）考研真题2018年华南理工大学629物理化学（一）考研真题2014年华南理工大学852物理化学（二）考研真题2015年华南理工大学852物理化学（二）考研真题2016年华南理工大学852物理化学（二）考研真题2017年华南理工大学852物理化学（二）考研真题2018年华南理工大学852物理化学（二）考研真题2．湖南大学物理化学历年考研真题2013年湖南大学831物理化学（理）考研真题2014年湖南大学831物理化学（理）考研真题2013年湖南大学832物理化学（工）考研真题3．武汉大学物理化学历年考研真题2013年武汉大学651分析化学和物理化学（C卷）考研真题2015年武汉大学655分析化学和物理化学（B卷）考研真题4．四川大学物理化学历年考研真题2015年四川大学887物理化学考研真题2016年四川大学887物理化学考研真题5．电子科技大学物理化学历年考研真题（含部分答案）2012年电子科技大学834物理化学考研真题及详解2013年电子科技大学834物理化学考研真题及详解2015年电子科技大学834物理化学考研真题6．中国科学技术大学物理化学历年考研真题2010年中国科学技术大学物理化学考研真题2011年中国科学技术大学物理化学考研真题2012年中国科学技术大学物理化学考研真题2013年中国科学技术大学物理化学考研真题2014年中国科学技术大学物理化学考研真题2015年中国科学技术大学物理化学考研真题2015年中国科学技术大学物理化学B考研真题7．其他名校物理化学历年考研真题（含部分答案）2011年南开大学831物理化学（含结构化学）考研真题2011年浙江大学726物理化学(甲)考研真题（含部分答案）2012年浙江大学726物理化学(甲)考研真题及详解2012年天津大学839物理化学考研真题及答案2012年厦门大学826物理化学考研真题2014年北京交通大学981物理化学考研真题2014年北京科技大学627物理化学B考研真题2015年北京科技大学804物理化学A考研真题2015年北京交通大学981物理化学考研真题2015年湘潭大学837物理化学（一）考研真题2014年华南理工大学629物理化学（一）考研真题2015年华南理工大学629物理化学（一）考研真题2016年华南理工大学629物理化学（一）考研真题2017年华南理工大学629物理化学（一）考研真题2018年华南理工大学629物理化学（一）考研真题2014年华南理工大学852物理化学（二）考研真题2015年华南理工大学852物理化学（二）考研真题2016年华南理工大学852物理化学（二）考研真题2017年华南理工大学852物理化学（二）考研真题2018年华南理工大学852物理化学（二）考研真题2013年湖南大学831物理化学（理）考研真题2014年湖南大学831物理化学（理）考研真题2013年湖南大学832物理化学（工）考研真题。

历年厦门大学826物理化学考研真题试卷与真题答案一、考试解读：part 1 学院专业考试概况：①学院专业分析：含学院基本概况、考研专业课科目:厦大化学学院的考试情况；②科目对应专业历年录取统计表：含厦门大学826物理化学相关专业的历年录取人数与分数线情况；③历年考研真题特点：含厦门大学考研826物理化学专业课各部分的命题规律及出题风格。

part 2 历年题型分析及对应解题技巧：根据厦门大学826物理化学各专业考试科目的考试题型（选择题、简答题、论述题、材料题等），分析对应各类型题目的具体解题技巧，帮助考生提高针对性，提升答题效率，充分把握关键得分点。

part 3 2018真题分析：最新真题是厦门大学考研中最为珍贵的参考资料，针对最新一年的厦门大学考研真题试卷展开深入剖析，更多真题可在群贤厦大考研网查看；帮助考生有的放矢，把握真题所考察的最新动向与考试侧重点，以便做好更具针对性的复习准备工作。

part 4 2019考试展望：根据上述相关知识点及真题试卷的针对性分析，提高2019考生的备考与应试前瞻性，令考生心中有数，直抵厦门大学考研的核心要旨。

part 5 厦门大学考试大纲：①复习教材罗列（官方指定或重点推荐+拓展书目）：不放过任何一个课内、课外知识点。

②官方指定或重点教材的大纲解读：官方没有考试大纲，高分学长学姐为你详细梳理。

③拓展书目说明及复习策略：专业课高分，需要的不仅是参透指定教材的基本功，还应加强课外延展与提升。

part 6 专业课高分备考策略：①考研前期的准备；②复习备考期间的准备与注意事项；③考场注意事项。

part 7 章节考点分布表：罗列厦门大学化学专业的专业课试卷中，近年试卷考点分布的具体情况，方便考生知晓厦门大学考研专业课试卷的侧重点与知识点分布，有助于考生更具针对性地复习、强化，快准狠地把握高分阵地！二、厦门大学历年考研真题与答案详解：包括了2002-2018年考研真题试卷，并配备2010-2018年考研真题答案详解，本部分包括了（解题思路、答案详解）两方面内容。

厦门大学真题2013年(总分100,考试时间90分钟)Part Ⅰ V ocabulary and StructureDirections: There are 30 sentences in this part. For each sentence there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the ONE answer that **pletes the sentence or substitute the underlined expression.1. ______ one time, Manchester was the home of the most productive cotton mills in the world.A. OnB. ByC. AtD. Of2. If **e to Tokyo, I can put you ______ in an apartment near my company.A. acrossB. downC. outD. up3. It seems oil ______ from this pipe for some time. We'll have to take the machine apart to put it right.A. had leakedB. is leakingC. leakedD. has been leaking4. He will agree to do what you require ______ him.A. ofB. fromC. toD. for5. Though he was born and brought up in America, he can speak ______ Chinese.A. fluidB. smoothC. fluentD. flowing6. We look forward to ______ to the opening ceremony.A. inviteB. be invitedC. having been invitedD. being invited7. If people feel hopeless, they don't bother to ______ the skills they need to succeed.A. adoptB. acquireC. accumulateD. assemble8. Professor Wang, ______ for his informative lectures, was warmly received by his students.A. knowingB. knownC. to be knownD. having known9. She just had no faith in me. It was William ______ she still had her faith.A. thatB. whoC. whomD. in whom10. The conference ______ a full week by the time it ends.A. must have lastedB. will have lastedC. would lastD. has lasted11. "Bob certainly has a low opinion of Sue. " "It can't be any worse than ______ of him. "A. herB. hersC. sheD. she does12. The woman has not yet ______ the loss of her son.A. got upB. got byC. got overD. got round13. Eighty percent of mothers cradle their ______ in their left arms, holding them against the left side of their bodies.A. infantsB. hosesC. handkerchiefsD. fences14. The explorers came forward with gifts of ducks and flour-cakes and ______ troughs of water for the horses to drink.A. held inB. held withC. held underD. held up15. He likes to take a hand in everything, even those that hardly concern him.A. offer help toB. get mixed up inC. have a part inD. make a fuss over16. A ______ examination for the post of department manager will be held next Tuesday.A. classifyingB. comparingC. contrastingD. competitive17. Mother was so weak after her operation that the doctors wondered if they would be able to ______ her through.A. pullB. cureC. pushD. save18. Go and see what your mother is ______ now.A. forB. atC. aboutD. busy19. With three young children to take care of, Cathy is kept on the run every minute of the day.A. walkingB. at full speedC. busyD. on foot20. Since his retirement, Peter Smith, who was ______ a teacher, has written four novels.A. latelyB. usuallyC. formerlyD. already21. We must ______ on our reputation to expand the business.A. improveB. buildC. developD. weigh22. ______ it or not, his discovery has created a stir in scientific circles.A. BelieveB. To believeC. BelievingD. Believed23. ______ does business with that fellow is bound to lose money.A. WhoeverB. WhoC. No matter whoD. However24. Ann never dreams of ______ for her to be sent abroad very soon.A. there being a chanceB. there to be a chanceC. there be a chanceD. being a chance25. Frequently single-parent children ______ some of the functions that the absent adult in the house would have served.A. take offB. take afterC. take inD. take on26. Whenever a **pany ______ a small one, the product almost always gets worse.A. gets on withB. cuts downC. takes overD. puts up with27. Samuel was obliged to compromise on lesser questions.A. **pelledB. was delightedC. was preparedD. was only too ready28. Children tend to ______ while playing, even if they make a promise before.A. lose all count of timeB. keep all count of timeC. be aware of the passage of timeD. waste time29. A survey was carried out on the death rate of new-horn babies in that region, ______ were surprising.A. as resultsB. which resultsC. the results of itD. the results of which30. Our manager is so ______ in his thinking, he never listens to new ideas.A. stiffB. rigidC. tenseD. tightPart Ⅱ Reading ComprehensionSection ADirections: There are 3 passages in this part. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D.Statuses are marvelous human inventions that enable us to get along with one another and to determine where we "fit" in society. As we go about our everyday lives, we mentally attempt to place people in terms of their statuses. For example, we must judge whether the person in the library is a reader or a librarian, whether the telephone caller is a friend or a salesman, whether the unfamiliar person on our property is a thief or a meter reader, and so on.The statuses we assume often vary with the people we encounter, and change throughout life. Most of us can, at very high speed, assume the statuses that various situations require. Much of social interaction consists of identifying and selecting among appropriate statuses and allowing other people to assume their statuses in relation to us. This means that we fit our actions to those of other people based on a constant mental process of appraisal and interpretation. Although some of us find the task more difficult than others, most of us perform it rather effortlessly.A status has **pared to ready-made clothes. Within certain limits, the buyer can choose style and fabric. But an American is not free to choose the costume of a Chinese peasant or that of a Hindu prince. We must choose from among the clothing presented by our society. Furthermore, our choice is limited to a size that will fit, as well as by our pocketbook. Having made a choicewithin these limits we can have certain alterations made, hut apart from minor adjustments, we tend to be limited to what the stores have on their racks. Statuses **e ready made, and the range of choice among them is limited.1. In the first paragraph, the writer tells us that statuses can help us ______.A. determine whether a person is fit for a certain jobB. behave appropriately in relation to other peopleC. protect ourselves in unfamiliar situationsD. make friends with other people2. According to the writer, people often assume different statuses ______.A. in order to identify themselves with othersB. in order to better identify othersC. as their mental processes changeD. as the situation changes3. The word "appraisal" (Sentence 4, Paragraph 2) most probably means ______.A. involvementB. appreciationC. assessmentD. presentation4. In the last sentence of the second paragraph, the pronoun "it" refers to "______".A. fitting our actions to those of other people appropriatelyB. identification of other people's statusesC. selecting one's own statusesD. constant mental process5. By saying that "an American is not free to choose the costume of a Chinese peasant or that of a Hindu prince" (Sentence 3, Paragraph 3), the writer means ______.A. different people have different styles of clothesB. ready-made clothes may need alterationsC. **e ready made just like clothesD. our choice of statuses is limitedHumanity uses a little less than half the water available worldwide. Yet occurrences of shortages and droughts are causing famine and distress in some areas, and industrial and agricultural by-products are polluting water supplies. Since the world's population is expected to double in the next 50 years, many experts think we are on the edge of a widespread water crisis.But that doesn't have to be the outcome. Water shortages do not have to trouble the world—if we start valuing water more than we have in the past. Just as we began to appreciate petroleum more after the 1970s oil crises, today we must start looking at water from a fresh economic perspective. We can no longer afford to consider water a virtually free resource of which we can use as much as we like in any way we want.Instead, for all used except the domestic demand of the poor, governments should price water to reflect its actual value. This means charging a fee for the water itself as well as for the supply costs.Governments should also protect this resource by providing water in more economically and environmentally sound ways. For example, often the cheapest way to provide irrigation water in the dry tropics is through small-scale projects, such as gathering rainfall in depressions and pumping it to nearby cropland.No matter what steps governments take to provide water more efficiently, they must change their institutional and legal approaches to water use. Rather than spread control among hundreds or even thousands of local, regional, and national agencies that watch various aspects of water use, countries should set up central authorities to coordinate water policy.6. What is the real cause of the potential water crisis?A. Only half of the world's water can be used.B. The world population is increasing faster and faster.C. Half of the world's water resources have been seriously polluted.D. Humanity has not placed sufficient value on water resources.7. As indicated in the passage, the water problem ______.A. is already serious in certain parts of the worldB. has been exaggerated by some experts in the fieldC. poses a challenge to the technology of building reservoirsD. it underestimated by government organizations at different levels8. According to the author, the water price should ______.A. be reduced to the minimumB. stimulate domestic demandC. correspond to its real valueD. take into account the occurrences of droughts9. The author says that in some hot and dry areas it is advisable to ______.A. build big lakes to store waterB. construct big pumping stationsC. build small and cheap irrigation systemsD. channel water from nearby rivers to cropland10. In order to raise the efficiency of the water supply, measures should be taken to ______.A. guarantee full protection of the environmentB. centralize the management of water resourcesC. increase the sense of responsibility of agencies at all levelsD. encourage local and regional protection of water resourcesEvery night she listened to her father going around the house, locking the doors and windows. She listened, the back door closed; she could hear the fastener of the kitchen window's click, and the restless pad of his feet going back to try the front door. It wasn't only the outside doors he locked; he locked the empty kitchen too. He was looking something out, but obviously it was something capable of entering into his first defenses. He raised his second line all the way up to bed.In fourteen years, she thought unhappily, the house will be his; he had paid twentyfive pounds down and the rest he was paying month by month as rent. "Of course," he was in the habit of saying, "I've improved the property." "Yes," he repeated, "I've improved the property," looking around for a nail to drive in, a weed to uproot. It was more than a sense of property; it was a sense of honesty. Some people who bought their homes through the society let them go to rack and ruin and then cleared out.She stood with her ear against the wall, a small, dark, angry, immature figure. There was no more to be heard from the other room; but in her inner ear she still heard the footsteps of aproperty owner, the tap-tap of a hammer, the scrape of a spade, the whistle of radiator steam, a key turning, a bolt pushed home, the little busy sounds of men building barriers. She stood planning.11. Which of the following is TRUE of the father in the passage?A. He thought a lot about his daughter's future.B. He saved a lot of money for his daughter.C. He thought that he was secure.D. He avoided his neighbors on purpose.12. From the passage we can see that the father is ______.A. kind to his daughter and neighborsB. cruel to his daughter and neighborsC. systematical in his actionsD. careful about his appearance13. According to the passage, the daughter's attitude toward his father is of ______.A. slight dislikeB. great disapprovalC. strong loveD. grateful acceptance14. Which of the following feelings is conveyed in the passage?A. Tenseness.B. Peace.C. Nervousness.D. Happiness.15. All of the following are true EXCEPT that ______.A. the father built his defenses carefullyB. some property owners let their homes go worseC. the daughter was thin and very youngD. the father punished the girl when she was youngSection BDirections: In the following article, some sentences have been removed. For Questions 1～5, choose the most suitable one from the list A～E to fit into each of the numbered blank.Where Is the News Leading Us?Not long ago I was asked to join in a public symposium on the role of the American press. Two other speakers were included on the program. The first was a distinguished TV anchorman. The other was the editor of one of the nation's leading papers, a newsman to the core-tough, aggressive, and savvy in the ways and means of solid reporting.The purpose of the symposium, as I understood it, was to scrutinize the obligations of the media and to suggest the best ways to meet those obligations.(1) . Why, he asked, are the newspapers and television news programs so disaster-prone? Why are newsmen and women so attracted to tragedy, violence, failure?The anchorman and editor reacted as though they had been blamed for the existence of bad news. Newsmen and newswomen, they said, are only responsible for reporting the news, not for creating it or modifying it.(2) . The gentleman who had asked it was not blaming them for the distortions in the world. He was just wondering why distortions are most reported. The news media seem to operate on thephilosophy that all news is bad news. Why? Could it be that the emphasis on downside news is largely the result of tradition—the way newsmen and newswomen are accustomed to respond to daily events?(3) . News is supposed to deal with happenings of the past 12 hours—24 hours at most. Anything that happens so suddenly, however, is apt to be eruptive. A sniper kills some pedestrians;a terrorist holds 250 people hostage in a plane; OPEC announces a 25 percent increase in petroleum prices; Great Britain devalues by another 10 percent; a truck conveying radioactive wastes collides with a mobile cement mixer.(4) . Civilization is a lot more than the sum total of its catastrophes. The most important ingredient in any civilization is progress. But progress doesn't happen all at once. It is not eruptive. Generally, it comes in bits and pieces, very little of it clearly visible at any given moment, but all of it involved in the making of historical change for the better.It is this aspect of living history that most news reporting reflects inadequately. The result is that we are under informed about positive developments and over informed about disasters. This, in turn, leads to a public mood of defeatism and despair, which in themselves tend to be inhibitors of progress. An unrelieved diet of eruptive news depletes the essential human energies a free society needs. (5) .I am not suggesting that "positive" news be contrived as an antidote to the disasters on page one. Nor do I define positive news as in-depth reportage of functions of the local YMCA. What I am trying to get across is the notion that the responsibility of the news media is to search out and report on important events—whether or not **e under the heading of conflict, confrontation, or catastrophe. The world is a **bination of heaven and hell, and both sectors call for attention and scrutiny.A. Focusing solely on these details, however, produces a misshapen picture.B. Perhaps it would be useful here to examine the way we define the word news, for this is where the problem begins.C. A mood of hopelessness and cynicism is hardly likely to furnish the energy needed to meet serious challenges.D. During the open-discussion period, a gentleman in the audience addressed a question to my two colleagues.E. It didn't seem to me that the newsmen had answered the question.1.2.3.4.5.Part Ⅲ Short Answer QuestionsDirections: Read the following passage and then give short answers to the five questions. Surveys have shown that most football and basketball injuries involve the knee, either throughtwisting or through application of lateral force. Surgery for such injuries has become much simpler with the invention of a thin device containing a fiber optics light that can be inserted into a thin slit in the knee. Repair can be accomplished through this narrow opening. Long-distance runners also suffer knee injuries, but a **mon problem for runners is stress fracture, which is a weakening of the front of the shinbone caused by overuse, with pain and possible bone cracking as the result. Ligament tears are **mon in gymnastics. Almost all these conditions heal with rest. Prevention of injuries depends primarily on good conditioning. Athletes are also protected by the use of better padding materials and of face masks and eye protectors in rough sports.The improper or illegal use of drugs and substances for the temporary improvement of athletic performance in competitions has been a frequent subject of inquiry since the 1960s, when drug misuse by athletes to gain an unfair advantage began to rise dramatically. Anabolic steroids supposedly improve strength and endurance, but they can also have harmful side effects as liver damage. Tests for drugs such as heroin and other stimulants were introduced at the Olympic Games in 1968. Anabolic steroids were not banned until 1974, when a suitable test was developed. The illegality of some drugs has not been accepted by a number of other international and national amateur athletic federations, for reasons including testing uncertainties, doubts about banning certain medicinal substances or common drugs such as caffeine, and simple lack of concern. Controversy has also arisen over the legality of the practice of "blood doping," in which an athlete receives a blood transfusion just before an event. The resulting increase in red blood cells apparently increases the athlete's aerobic power.1. In addition to knee injuries, what will also heal with rest?2. What does the word "slit" in Pars. 1 most probably mean?3. When were the tests for drugs used at the Olympic Games?4. According to the passage, drug misuse by athletes is considered as ______.5. Controversy arises over the illegality of **mon drugs due to ______.Part Ⅳ English-Chinese TranslationDirections: Read the passage carefully and translate the underlined sentences into Chinese.Doing a PhD is certainly not for everybody, and I do not recommend it for most people. However, I am really glad I got my PhD rather than just getting a job after finishing my Bachelor's. The number one reason is that I learned a hell of a lot doing the PhD, and most of the things I learned I would never get exposed to in a typical software engineering job. (1) The process of doing a PhD trains you to do research, to read research papers, to run experiments, to write papers, to give talks. It also teaches you how to figure out what problem needs to be solved. You gain a very sophisticated technical background doing the PhD, and having your work subject to the intense scrutiny of the academic peer-review process—not to mention your **mittee.I think of the PhD a little like the Grand Tour, a tradition in the 16th and 17th centuries where youths would travel around Europe, getting a rich exposure to high society in France, Italy, and Germany, learning about art, architecture, language, literature, fencing, riding—all of the essential liberal arts that a gentleman was expected to have experience with to be an influential member ofsociety. Doing a PhD is similar. You get an intense exposure to every subfield of Computer Science, and have to become the leading world's expert in the area of your dissertation work. (2) The top PhD programs set an incredibly high bar. a lot of coursework, teaching experience, qualifying exams, a thesis defense, and of course making a groundbreaking research contribution in your area. Having to go through this process gives you a tremendous amount of technical breadth and depth.Some important stuff I learned doing a PhD.How to read and critique research papers. As a grad student you have to read thousands of research papers, extract their main ideas, critique the methods and presentation, and synthesize their contributions with your own research. As a result you are exposed to a wide range of CS topics, approaches for solving problems, sophisticated algorithms, and system designs. This is not just about gaining the knowledge in those papers (which is pretty important), but also about becoming conversant in the scientific literature.How to write papers and give talks. Being fluent in **munications is a really important skill for engineers. I've noticed a big gap between the software engineers I've worked with who have PhDs and those who don't in this regard. (3) PhD-trained folks tend to give clear, well-organized talks and know how to write up their work and visualize the result of experiments. As a result they can be much more influential.How to run experiments and interpret the results: I can't overstate how important this is. A systems-oriented PhD requires that you run a zillion measurements and present the results in a way that is both bullet-proof to peer-review criticism (in order to publish) and **pelling. Every aspect of your methodology will be critiqued (by your advisor, your co-authors, your paper reviewers) and you will quickly learn how to run the right experiments, and do it right.(4) How to figure out what problem to work on. This is probably the most important aspect of PhD training. Doing a PhD will force you to cast away from shore and explore the boundary of human knowledge. (Matt Might's cartoon on this is a great visualization of this. ) I think that at least 80% of making a scientific contribution is figuring out what problem to tackle, a problem that is at once interesting, open, and going to have impact if you solve it. There are lots of open problems that the **munity is not interested in (c.f., writing an operating system kernel in Haskell) . There are many interesting problems that have been solved over and over and over (c.f. , file system block layout optimization; wireless multi hop routing) . There's a real trick to picking good problems, and developing a taste for it is a key skill if you want to become a technical leader.(5) So I think it's worth having a PhD, especially if you want to work on the hardest and most interesting problems. This is true whether you want a career in academia, a research lab, or a more traditional engineering role. But as my PhD advisor was fond of saying, "doing a PhD costs you a house. " (In terms of the lost salary during the PhD years—these days it's probably more like several houses. )1.2.3.4.5.Part Ⅴ WritingDirections: You are asked to write an essay on the following topic:1. Many universities and colleges offer qualification: through some sort of distance learning using the Internet, rather than by face-to-face contact in a classroom.In your opinion, do the advantages of this development outweigh the disadvantages of learning in this way?You should write at least 250 words.You should use your own ideas, knowledge and experience and support your arguments with examples and relevant evidence.。