大学英语六级试题模拟试卷及答案解析五

大学英语六级（阅读）模拟试卷5(题后含答案及解析)题型有：1. Perhaps the most challenging consideration for the future is security. Smartphones and PDAs are already popular among many corporate executives, who often use their phones to transmit confidential information. Smartphones may be vulnerable to security breaches such as an Evil Twin attack. In an evil twin attack, a hacker sets a server’s service identifier(标识符)to that of a legitimate hotspot or network while simultaneously blocking traffic to the real server. When a user connects with the hacker’s server, information can be tapped and security is compromised. One downside to the openness and configurability(可配置性)of smartphones is that it also makes them susceptible to viruses. Hackers have written viruses that attack SymbianOS(操作系统)phones. The viruses can do things like turning off anti-virus software, locking the phone completely or deleting all applications stored on the phone. On the other side, some critics argue that anti-virus software manufacturers greatly exaggerate the risks, harms and scope of phone viruses in order to help sell their software. The incredible diversity in smartphone hardware, software and network protocols restrain practical, broad security measures. Most security considerations either focus on particular operating systems or have more to do with user behavior than network security. With data transmission rates reaching fast speeds and the incorporation of WiFi(无线局域网)technology, the sky is the limit on what smartphones can do. Possibly the most exciting thing about smartphone technology is mat the field is still wide open. It’s an idea that probably hasn’t found its perfect, real-world implementation yet. Every crop of phones brings new designs and new interface ideas. No one developer or manufacturer has come up with the perfect shape or size yet. The next generation smartphone could look like a flip phone, a tablet PC, a candy bar or something no one has conceived of yet.1．Nokia 6131i is in the trial phase of development in the function of acting as a______.A．call receiverB．PIMC．wireless credit cardD．PDA正确答案：C解析：文中说诺基亚613li有无线信用卡的功能，但尚在实验阶段，选[C]。

大学英语六级试题模拟试卷及答案解析五Part I Writing (30 minutes)Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a r?sum?. You should write at least 150 words following the outline given below: 假设你是李明——一名应届毕业生，在报纸上看到一则招聘广告，你想要到登广告的公司供职，请给该公司写一封求职信，内容应简要介绍自己的情况以及自己的经历等。

Part II Reading Comprehension (Skimming and Scanning) (15 minutes) Directions: In this part, you will have 15 minutes to go over the passage quickly and answer the questions on Answer Sheet 1. For questions 1-4, mark Y (for YES ) if the statement agrees with the information given in the passage;N (for NO) if the statement contradicts the information given in the passage;NG (for NOT GIVEN) if the information is not given in the passage.For questions 5-10, complete the sentences with the information given in the passage.America's Brain Drain CrisisLosing the Global EdgeWilliam Kunz is a self-described computer geek. A more apt description might be computer genius. When he was just 11, Kunz started writing software programs, and by 14 he had created his own video game. As a high school sophomore in Houston, Texas, he won first prize in a local science fair for a data encryption(编密码)program he wrote. In his senior year, he took up prize in an international science and engineering fair for designing a program to analyze and sort DNA patterns.Kunz went on to attend Carnegie Mellon, among the nation'shighest-ranked universities in computer science. After college he landed a job with Oracle in Silicon Valley, writing software used by companies around the world.Kunz looked set to become a star in his field. Then he gave it all up.Today, three years later, Kunz is in his first year at Harvard Business School. He left software engineering partly because his earning potential paled next to friends who were going into law or business. He also worried about job security, especially as more companies move their programming overseas to lower costs. "Every time you're asked to train someone in India, you think, 'Am I training my replacement?'" Kunz says.Things are turning out very differently for another standout in engineering, Qing-Shan Jia. A student at Tsinghua University in Beijing, Jia shines even among his gifted cohorts(一群人)at a school sometimes called "the MIT of China". He considered applying to Harvard for his PhD, but decided it wasn't worth it.来源：/doc/ff15479598.html,His university is investing heavily in cutting-edge research facilities, and attracts an impressive roster of international professors. "I can get a world-class education here and study with world-class scholars," Jia says.These two snapshots(快照)illustrate part of a deeply disturbing picture. In the disciplines underpinning the high-tech economy—math, science and engineering—America is steadily losing its global edge. The depth and breadth of the problem is clear:Several of America's key agencies for scientific research and development will face a retirement crisis within the next ten years.Less than 6% of America's high school seniors plan to pursueengineering degrees, down 36% from a decade ago.In 2000, 56% of China's undergraduate degrees were in the hard sciences; in the United States, the figure was 17%.China will likely produce six times the number of engineers next year than America will graduate, according to Mike Gibbons of the American Society for Engineering Education. Japan, with half America's population, has minted(铸造)twice as many in recent years."Most Americans are unaware of how much science does for this country and what we stand to lose if we can't keep up," says Shirley Ann Jackson, president of Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute and chair of the American Association for the Advancement of Science. David Baltimore, president of the California Institute of Technology and a Nobel laureate, puts it bluntly:" We can't hope to keep intact our standard of living, our national security, our way of life, if Americans aren't competitive in science."The Crisis Americans CreatedIn January 2001, the Hart-Rudman Commission, tasked with finding solutions to America's major national security threats, concluded that the failures of America's math and science education and America's system of research "Pose a greater threat...than any potential conventional war."The roots of this failure lie in primary and secondary education. The nation that produced most of the great technological advances of the last century now scores poorly in international science testing. A 2003 survey of math and science literacy ranked American 15-year-olds against kids from other industrialized nations. In math, American students came in 24th out of 28 countries; in science, Americans were 24th out of 40 countries, tied with Latvia. This test, in conjunction with others,indicates Americans start out with sufficient smarts—their fourth-graders score well—but they begin to slide by eighth grade, and sink almost to the bottom by high school.Don't blame school budgets. Americans shell out more than $440 billion each year on public education, and spend more per capita than any nation save Switzerland. The problem is that too many of their high school science and math teachers just aren't qualified. A survey in 2000 revealed that 38% of math teachers and 28% of science teachers in grades 7~12 lacked a college major or minor in their subject area. In schools with high poverty rates, the figures jumped to 52% of math teachers and 32% of science teachers. "The highest predictor of student performance boils down to teacher knowledge," says Gerald Wheeler, executive director of the National Science Teachers Association. To California Congressman Buck McKeon, a member of the House Committee on Education and the Workforce, it comes down to this: "How can you pass on a passion to your students if you don't know the subject?"Perhaps it's no surprise that, according to a 2004 Indiana University survey, 18% of college prep kids weren't taking math their senior year of high school. "WhenI compare our high schools to what I see when I'm traveling abroad, I'm terrified for our workforce of tomorrow," Microsoft chairman Bill Gates told a summit of state governors earlier this year. "Our high schools, even when they're working exactly as designed, cannot teach our kids what they need to know today."The Bush Administration has also proposed cutting the fiscal 2006 budget for research and development in such key federal agencies as the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration and the National Institute of Standards andTechnology, the latter of which acts as a liaison(联络)with industry and researchers to apply new technology."Funding cuts are job cuts," says Rep. Vernon J. Ehlers, Republican of Michigan and a member of the Science Committee in the House. Reduced funding has put the squeeze on research positions, further smothering incentives(动机)for students to go into hard science.What Americans Must DoAmericans have done it before: the Manhattan Project, the technology surge that followed Sputnik. They've demonstrated that they can commit themselves to daunting goals and achieve them. But they can't minimize the challenges they're facing.Americans need out-or-the-box thinking, of the sort suggested by experts in a report released in October called "Rising above the Gathering Storm", a study group within the National Academy of Sciences, which included the National Academy of Engineering and the Institute of Medicine, came up with innovative proposals. Among them are:Four-year scholarships for 25,000 undergraduate students who commit to degrees in math, science or engineering, and who qualify based on a competitive national exam;Four-year scholarships for 10,000 college students who commit to being math or science teachers, and who agree to teach in a public school for five years after graduation;Extended visas for foreign students who earn a math or science PhD in the United States, giving them a year after graduation to look for employment here. If they find jobs, work permits and permanent residency status would be expedited.Many experts are also urging that non-credentialed but knowledgeable people with industry experience be allowed toteach. That experiment is already underway at High Tech High in San Diego. Conceived by Gary Jacobs, whose father founded Qualcomm, this charter school stresses a cutting-edge curriculum, whether the classes are on biotechnology or web design. To teach these courses, the school hires industry professionals. High Tech High also arranges internships at robotics labs, Internet start-ups and university research centers.In just five years, 750 kids have enrolled, three classes have graduated and the vast majority of students have gone on to college. One of the success stories is Jeff Jensen, class of 2005, who was a decidedly apathetic(缺乏兴趣的)student before High Tech High. He is now a freshman at Stanford University on a partial scholarship, planning to study chemistry or medicine.IBM is one of the companies encouraging its workers to teach. This past September, IBM announced a tuition-assistance plan, pledging to pay for teacher certification as well as a leave of absence for employees who wish to teach in public schools.The philanthropic(博爱的)arms of corporations are also getting involved. The Siemens Foundation sponsors a yearly math, science and technology competition, considered the Nobel Prize for high school research and a great distiller of American talent. Honeywell spends $2 million each year on science programs geared to middle school students, including a hip-hop touring group that teaches physical science, and a robotics lab program that teaches kids how to design, build and program their own robot. "We've found that if we don't get kids excited about science by middle school, it's too late," says Michael Holland, a spokesperson for Honeywell.As important as all these initiatives are, they barely begin to take Americans where they need to go. Americans' shortcomingsare vast, and time, unfortunately, is working against them."The whole world is running a race," says Intel's Howard High, "only we don't know it." No one knows whether or when the United States will relinquish(放弃)its lead in that race. Or how far back in the pack they could ultimately fall. But the first order of business is to recognize what's at stake and get in the game.1. Kunz gave up software engineering mainly because he earned less than those in law or business field did.2. Only a small percentage of America's high school seniors plan to major in engineering at college.3. If Americans aren't competitive in science, they cannot survive the severe competition between developed countries.4. College education is to blame for the failure of America's math and science education.5. American high school students sink almost to the bottom in a survey of math and science literacy because too many of the high school ________ in America are not qualified.6. Cutting budget for science research and development further smothers incentives for American students to ________.7. One innovative proposal proposed by some experts is providing ________ for 25,000 qualified undergraduate students.8. At High Tech High, ________ are hired to teach courses on biotechnology or web design.9. Many companies encourage their employees to ________, with IBM one of them.10. Americans' shortcomings in science are vast, and unfortunately ________ is making efforts to defeat them.Part IV Reading Comprehension (Reading in Depth) (25 minutes)Section ADirections: In this section, there is a passage with ten blanks. You are required to select one word for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage. Read the passage through carefully before making your choices. Each choice in bank is identified by a letter. Please mark the corresponding letter for each item on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the center. You may not use any of the words in the bank more than once.Questions 47 to 56 are based on the following passage.The whole world put attention to the South Asia where the tsunami happened. Before, musicians produced a "sonic tsunami", Wall Street analysts 47 "tsunamis" of bad earnings news and Japanese restaurants served "tsunami" sushi rolls. The word was used in dozens of different 48 , but now it likely will appear with just one tragic meaning.Because of the South Asian tsunami disaster that has killed more than 150,000 people, the word assumes a(n) 49 solemn use, much the way "Ground Zero", for the site of the World Trade Center, had its meaning 50 from "starting point" to the center of the Sept. 11 tragedy, said Paul Payack, head of Global Language Monitor. Payack said that since the Dec. 26 tsunami, the 51 word has appeared more than 18.5 million times and been the subject of 88,000 articles in major media."Before Sept. 11, 2001, the term ground zero was a business cliche meaning starting point, especially when 52 a project over again as in 'going back to ground zero'. That term now represents what many consider to be hallowed ground and its old usage is rarely 53 ," he said."In the same manner, we envision that the word tsunami will be the subject of considerable discretion before being used inany thing other than a most 54 manner," he said. Payack said thousands of 55 teams around the world use tsunami into their names, like the Tsunami Aquatics Swim team of Livermore, California.He said there are also some 10,000 products called tsunami, like Tsunami Point-to-Point Wireless Bridges, Tsunami Multimedia Speakers and Tsunami Image Processors. Newspaper headline writers also liked the 56 word, as the Detroit News' "Ford Releases a Tsunami of New Products" and "Heading for the presidency on a tsunami of visions" in London's The Times.[A] colorful [I] foolish[B] concerts [J] solely[C] serious [K] thought[D] changed [L] Japanese[E] pursuing [M] employed[F] contexts [N] foresaw[G] usually [O] sports[H] beginningSection BDirections: There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choicesmarked [A], [B], [C] and [D]. You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the center.Passage OneQuestions 57 to 61 are based on the following passage.Let us suppose that you are in the position of a parent. Would you allow your children to read any book they wanted to without first checking its contents? Would you take your children to seeany film without first finding out whether it is suitable for them? If your answer to these questions is "yes", then you are either extremely permissive. If your answer is "no", then you are exercising your right as a parent to protect your children from what you consider to be undesirable influences. In other words, by acting as a censor yourself, you are admitting that there is a strong case for censorship.Now, of course, you will say that it is one thing to exercise censorship where children are concerned and quite another to do the same for adults. Children need protection and it is the parents' responsibility to provide it. But what about adults? Aren't they old enough to decide what is good for them? The answer is that many adults are, but don't make the mistake of thinking that all adults are like you. Censorship is for the good of society as a whole. Like the law, censorship contributes to the common good.Some people think that it is disgraceful that a censor should interfere with works of art. Who is this person, they say, to ban this great book or cut that great film? No one can set himself up as a superior being. But we must remember two things. Firstly, where genuine works of art are concerned, modern censors are extremely liberal in their views—often far more liberal than a large section of the public. Artistic merit is something which censors clearly recognize. And secondly, we must bear in mind that the great proportion of books, plays and films which come before the censor are very far from being "works of art".When discussing censorship, therefore, we should not confine our attention to great masterpieces, but should consider the vast numbers of publications and films which make up the bulk of the entertainment industry. When censorship laws are relaxed, immoral people are given a license to produce virtuallyanything in the name of "art". There is an increasing tendency to equate artistic with "pornographic". The vast market for pornography would rapidly be exploited. One of the great things that censorship does is to prevent certain people from making fat profits by corrupting the minds of others. To argue in favor of absolute freedom is to argue in favor of anarchy.Society would really be the poorer if it deprived itself of the wise counsel and the restraining influence which a censor provides.57. Permissive parents would ________.[A] let their children read any books they like to[B] not let their children see any films they like to[C] not let their children read any books without first checking their contents[D] let their children see the films with their first checking58. The fact that parents check the contents of the book or the film for their children to read or see shows ________.[A] the necessity of censorship[B] many books and films are bad[C] children need their parents to help them understand more[D] the parents are permissive59. Which of the following statements is NOT true?[A] Some adults can't tell right from wrong.[B] Censorship is compared to the law because both of them perform good service to society as a whole.[C] Censors pay attention only to genuine works of art.[D] Censorship is necessary because many books, plays and films are far from being “works of art”.60. What does the word “corrupt” (Line 5, Para 4) mean?[A] Make morally bad. [B] Hurt. [C] Injure. [D] Damage.61. What would be the best title of this passage?[A] Permissive Parents and Responsible Parents.[B] Censorship and the law.[C] Censors Value Artistic Merits.[D] Censorship Performs Good Service to Society.Passage TwoQuestions 62 to 66 are based on the following passage .One thing the tour books don’t tell you about London is that 2,000 of its residents are foxes. As native as the royal family, they fled the city about centuries ago after developers and pollution moved in. But now that the environment is cleaner, the foxes have come home, one of the many wild animals that have moved into urban areas around the world.“The number and variety of wild animals in urban areas is increasing,”says Gomer Jones, president of the National Institute for Urban Wildlife, in Columbia, Maryland. A survey of the wildlife in New York’s Central Park last year tallied the species of mammals, including muskrats, shrews and flying squirrels. A similar survey conducted in the 1890s counted only five species. One of the country’s larges t populations of raccoons(浣熊)now lives in Washington D.C., and moose(驼鹿)are regularly seen wandering into Maine towns. Peregrine falcons(游隼)dive from the window ledges of buildings in the largest U.S. cities to prey on pigeons.Several changes have brought wild animals to the cities. Foremost is that air and water quality in many cities has improved as a result of the 1970s’pollution-control efforts. Meanwhile, rural areas have been built up, leaving many animals on the edges of suburbia. In addition, conservationists have createdurban wildlife refuges.The Greater London Council last year spent $750,000 to buy land and build 10 permanent wildlife refuges in the city. Over 1,000 volunteers have donated money and cleared rubble from derelict lots. As a result, pheasants now strut in the East End and badgers scuttle across lawns near the center of town. A colony of rare house martins nests on a window ledge beside Harrods, and one evening last year a fox was seen on Westminster Bridge looking up at Big Ben.For peregrine falcons, cities are actually safer than rural cliff dwellings. By 1970 the birds were extinct east of the Mississippi because the DDT had made their eggs too thin to support life. That year, ornithologist Tom Cade of Cornell University began rising the birds for release in cities, for cities afforded abundant food and contained none of the peregrine’s natural predators."Before they were exterminated, some migrated to cities on their own because they had run out of cliff space," Cade says. “To peregrines, buildings are just like cliffs.” He has released about 30 birds since 1975 in New York, Baltimore, Philadelphia and Norfolk, and of the 20 pairs now living in the East, half are urbanites. “A few of the young ones have gotten into trouble by falling down chimneys and crashing into window-glass, but overall their adjustment has been successful.”62. The first paragraph suggests that ________.[A] environment is crucial for wildlife[B] tour books are not always a reliable source of information[C] London is a city of fox[D] foxes are highly adaptable to environment63. The selection is primarily concerned with ________.[A] wildlife of all kinds returning to large cities to live[B] falcons in New York, Baltimore, Philadelphia, and Norfolk[C] moose stumbling into plate-glass storefronts[D] foxes returning to London64. In the 4th paragraph the pheasants, badgers, and martins etc. are mentioned to ________.[A] explain their living habit[B] make known their habitat[C] show the endeavors of Londoners to make the city habitable for wildlife[D] encourage volunteers to do something for the species65. The main idea of paragraph 3 is ________.[A] that air and water quality has improved in the cities[B] why wildlife likes the noise and commotion in the cities[C] that wildlife refuges have been built in the cities[D] why wildlife is returning to cities66. Cities make good homes for peregrine falcons because they provide ________.[A] bountiful nesting areas, abundant food, and rainwater control basins[B] abundant food, buildings that resemble cliffs, and no natural predators[C] large buildings with chimneys other wildlife, and well-lighted nesting areas[D] abundant food, chimneys, rubble, and window sillsPart V Cloze (15 minutes)Directions: There are 20 blanks in the following passage. For each blank there are four choices marked [A], [B], [C] and [D] on the right side of the paper. You should choose the ONE that best fits into the passage. Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the center.Most people would be 67 by the high quality of medicine 68 to most Americans. There is a lot of specialization, a great deal of 69 to the individual, a 70 amount of advanced technical equipment, and 71 effort not to make mistakes because of the financial risk which doctors and hospitals must 72 in the courts if they 73 things badly.But the Americans are in a mess. The problem is the way in 74 health care is organized and 75 . 76 to public belief it is not just a free competition system. The private system has been joined a large public system, because private care was simply not 77 the less fortunate and the elderly.But even with this huge public part of the system, 78 this year will eat up 84.5 billion dollars—more than 10 per cent of the U.S. budget—large numbers of Americans are left 79 . These include about half the 11 million unemployed and those who fail to meet the strict limits 80 income fixed by a government trying to make savings where it can.The basic problem, however, is that there is no central control 81 the health system. There is no 82 to what doctors and hospitals charge for their services, other than what the public is able to pay. The number of doctors has shot up and prices have climbed. When faced with toothache, a sick child, or a heart attack, all the unfortunate person concerned can do is 83 up.Two-thirds of the population 84 covered by medical insurance. Doctors charge as much as they want 85 that the insurance company will pay the bill.The rising cost of medicine in the U.S. is among the most worrying problems facing the country. In 1981 the country's health bill climbed 15.9 per cent—about twice as fast as prices 86 general.67. A compressed B impressed C obsessed D repressed68. A available B attainable C achievable D amenable69. A extension B retention C attention D exertion70. A countless B titanic C broad D vast71. A intensive B absorbed C intense D concentrated72. A run into B come into C face D defy73. A treat B deal C maneuver D handle74. A which B that C what D when75. A to finance B financed C the finance D to be financed76. A Contrary B Opposed C Averse D Objected77. A looking for B looking into C looking after D looking over78. A which B what C that D it79. A over B out C off D away80. A for B in C with D on81. A over B on C under D behind82. A boundary B restriction C confinement D limit83. A to pay B paying C to be paid D to have paid84. A is being B are C have been D is85. A knowing B to know C they know D known86. A in B with C on D forPart VI Translation (5 minutes)Directions: Complete the following sentences on Answer Sheet 2 by translating into English the Chinese given in brackets.87. Regardless of all the difficulties, ________________________(我们会尽力争取我们的权利).88. The order from the commander was that the troops ________________________(立即开拔去前线).89. Science to the human mind is ________________________(正如水或空气之于身体).90. For the past two years, ________________________(我一直忙着准备考试).91. Of all the people I know, ________________________(没有人比格林先生更值得我尊敬).Part I WritingMay 27th, 2005Dear Sir,I was pleased to see your ad in Beijing Evening News on May 25th, 2005 fora sales engineer. This July 1 will receive my Bachelor’s degree in Electronic Engineering from Beijing University. I believe that I have capability to work well because of my educ ation and work experiences. As indicated in my attached résumé, my main degree course is concerned with basic electronic topics. But I also have taken such courses as Marketing, Consumer Behavior Strategies and Psychology, and all available opportunities to increase my knowledge.I have already passed CET-6 with excellent results and I have even worked two summers as an English interpreter at Beijing Travel Service.1 would welcome an opportunity to join your staff because your work is the kind I have been preparing to do and because the conditions under which it is carried out would help to express my abilities. If an interview is needed, please call me at your convenience. Thank you very much!Best Wishes!Sincerely,Li MingPart II Reading Comprehension (Skimming and Scanning)1. N 根据题干中的信息词Kunz 和software engineering定位到第一个小标题下的第四段，可知Kunz放弃软件工程部分原因在于自己赚的钱不如法律界和商界的朋友多，但这不是主要原因，故该句表述错误。

2023年河北省秦皇岛市大学英语6级大学英语六级模拟考试(含答案) 学校:________ 班级:________ 姓名:________ 考号:________一、1.Writing(10题)1. For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay entitled A Letter of Application. You should write at least 150 words following the outline given below:1. 你即将大学毕业，申请出国攻读博士学位2. 介绍个人简厉，所学专业以及专长3. 公派出国，费用由中国政府提供4. 希望申请被接受2. 1．举例说明水对人类的重要性2．举例说明我国所面临的水资源问题3．为了自下而上和发展人们要……Precious Water3. For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition on the topic College Students' Pressure in Finding Jobs. You should write at least 150 words, and base your composition on the outline given in Chinese below: 1．07年应届大学毕业生人数达近几年来最高峰，就业形势依然严峻2．如何解释其中原因3．对该问题的出路提出看法College Students' Pressure in Finding Jobs4. Directions: For this part, you are allowed thirty minutes to write a composition on the topic My View on Traveling. You should write at least 150 words, and base your composition on the outline give below:1. 1.许多人喜欢旅游，不同的旅游者有不同的感受。

大学英语六级模拟试卷535(题后含答案及解析)题型有：1. Writing 2. Reading Comprehension (Skimming and Scanning) 3. Listening Comprehension 4. Reading Comprehension (Reading in Depth) 5. Cloze 8. TranslationPart I Writing (30 minutes)1．For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay entitled Moral Cultivation in Higher Education. You should write at least 150 words according to the outline given below.1．各大学正加强大学生的道德教育2．道德教育的意义3．我的看法Moral Cultivation in Higher Education正确答案：Moral Cultivation in Higher Education With more negative reports on college students’ immoral behavior appearing in the newspapers, people come to realize the importance of enhancing students’ moral education. Now, higher education institutes start to emphasize more on the young’s moral cultivation, as the primary and middle schools do. There is no doubt that moral education is of great significance to human beings and the development of the society. It is well-known that man’s civilization should be governed by law. However, law is not that almighty. There are still many fields that are beyond the reach of law, which makes morality and moral education necessary for our society. Only with moral education will the advance of our society be guaranteed. In my opinion, moral cultivation is as important as academic education in colleges. If people focus too much on high marks and neglect moral education, students bred in such an atmosphere may turn out to be graduates with flaws in character, which will do no good to the society in the end. Therefore, it is high time people attached more importance to moral cultivation.Part II Reading Comprehension (Skimming and Scanning) (15 minutes)Directions: In this part, you will have 15 minutes to go over the passage quickly and answer the questions attached to the passage. For questions 1-4, mark：Y (for YES) if the statement agrees with the information given in the passage;N (for NO) if the statement contradicts the information given in the passage;NG (for NOT GIVEN)if the information is not given in the passage.Promote learning and skills for young people and adults Education is about giving people the opportunity to develop their potential, their personality and their strengths. This does not merely mean learning new knowledge, but also developing abilities to make the most of life. These are called life skills —including the inner capacities and the practical skills we need. Many of the inner capacities —often known as psycho-social skills —cannot be taught as subjects. They are not the same as academic or technical learning. They must rather be modeled and promoted as partof learning, and in particular by teachers. These skills have to do with the way we behave —towards other people, towards ourselves, towards the challenges and problems of life. They include skills in communicating, in making decisions and solving problems, in negotiating and asserting ourselves, in thinking critically and understanding our feelings. More practical life skills are the kinds of manual skills we need for the physical tasks we face. Some would include vocational (职业的) skills under the heading of life skills —the ability to lay bricks, sew clothes, catch fish or mend a motorbike. These are skills by which people may earn their livelihood and which are often available to young people leaving school. In fact, very often young people learn psycho-social skills as they learn more practical skills. Learning vocational skills can be a strategy for acquiring both practical and psycho-social skills. We need to increase our life skills at every stage of life, so learning them may be part of early childhood education, of primary and secondary education and of adult learning groups. Importance in learning Life skills can be put into the categories that the Jacques Delors report suggested. This report spoke of four pillars of education, which correspond to certain kinds of life skills. Learning to know: Thinking abilities, such as problem-solving, critical thinking, decision-making, understanding consequences. Learning to be: Personal abilities, such as managing stress and feelings, self-awareness, self-confidence. Learning to live together: Social abilities, such as communication, negotiation, teamwork. Learning to do: Manual skills, such as practicing what are required for work and tasks. In today’s world, all these skills are necessary in order to face rapid change in society. This means that it is important to know how to go on learning as we require new skills for life and work. In addition, we need to know how to cope with the flood of information and turn it into useful knowledge. We also need to learn how to handle change in society and in our own lives. Nature of life skills Life skills are both concrete and abstract. Practical skills can be learned directly as a subject —for example, a learner can take a course in laying bricks and learn that skill. Other life skills, such as self-confidence, self-esteem, and skills for relating to others or thinking critically cannot be taught in such direct ways. They should be part of any learning process, where teachers or facilitators are concerned that learners should not just learn about subjects, but learn how to cope with life and make the most of their potential. So these life skills may be learnt when learning other things. For example: Learning literacy may have a big impact on self-esteem, on critical thinking or on communication skills; Learning practical skills such as driving, healthcare or tailoring may increase self-confidence, teach problem-solving processes or help in understanding consequences. Whether this is true depends on the mode of teaching —what kinds of thinking, relationship-building and communication the teacher or facilitator exhibits and promotes among the learners. Progress towards this goal This goal would require measuring the individual and collective progress in making the most of learning and of life, or assessing how far human potential is being realized, or estimating how well people cope with change. It is easier to measure the development of practical skills, for instance by counting the number of students who register for vocational skills courses. However, this still may not tell us howeffectively these skills are being used. The psycho-social skills cannot easily be measured by tests and scores, but become visible in changed behavior. Progress in this area has often been noted by teachers on reports which they make to the parents of their pupils. The teacher’s experience of life, of teaching and of what can be expected from education in the broadest sense serve as a grid through which the growth and development of individuals can be assessed to some extent. This kind of assessment is individual and may never appear in international tables and charts. Current challenges The current challenges relate to these difficulties: We need to recognize the importance of life skills —both practical and psycho-social —as part of education which leads to the full development of human potential and to the development of society. The links between psycho-social skills and practical skills must be more clearly spelled out, so that educators can promote both together and find effective ways to do this. Since life skills are taught as part of a wide range of subjects, teachers need to have training in how to put them across and how to monitor learners’growth in these areas. Policy options —what governments should do Recognize and actively advocate for the transformational role of education in realizing human potential and in socio-economic development; Ensure that curricula and syllabuses address life skills and give learners the opportunity to make real-life applications of knowledge, skills and attitudes; Show how life skills of all kinds apply in the world of work, for example, negotiating and communication skills, as well as practical skills; Through initial and in-service teacher training, increase the use of active and participatory learning/teaching approaches; Examine and adapt the processes and content of education so that there is a balance between academic input and life skills development; Make sure that education inspectors look not only for academic progress through teaching and learning, but also progress in the communication, modeling and application of life skills; Advocate for the links between primary and (early) secondary education in recognition that the prospect of effective secondary education is an incentive to children, and their parents, to complete primary education successfully. Policy options —what funding agencies should do Support research, exchange and debate, nationally and regionally, on ways of strengthening life skills education; Support innovative (创新的) teacher training initiatives in order to embed life skills promotion into subjects across the curriculum and as a fundamental part of what school and education are about; Recognize the links between primary and secondary education in ensuring that children develop strong life skills; Support, therefore, the early years of secondary education as part of basic education.2．What is said about inner capacities in the passage?A．They can be taught as subjects in schools.B．They are the same as technical learning.C．They have nothing to do with how we behave towards things around us.D．They must be modeled and promoted as part of learning.正确答案：D解析：这三句提到，很多内在的能力，也就是通常所说的社会心理技能，不能像某些课程一样被教授。

【2022年】湖北省宜昌市大学英语6级大学英语六级模拟考试(含答案) 学校:________ 班级:________ 姓名:________ 考号:________一、1.Writing(10题)1. Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay commenting on the value of beauty. You should write at least 150 words following the outline given below in Chinese.1. 近年来不少大四学生就业前突击整容。

2. 当今社会崇尚外表的舆论导向是导致上述现象的主要因素。

3. 我对外表美的看法。

Is Beauty an Advantage?2. For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write A Letter of complaint about the noise around your school. You should write at least 150 words according to the outlines given below in Chinese.假设你是李明，深受学校附近一家工厂的噪音之苦，现在你写信给学校领导反映情况，内容包括以下几点：1．噪音污染的现状和严重程度2．引起噪音的原因3．你希望校领导能尽快采取措施解决问题A Letter of Complaint3. Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay entitled Left-behind Children in the Countryside. You should write at least 150 words following the outline given below.1. 留守儿童的现象在农村非常普遍2. 这种现象带来的弊端3. 我诊断该如何时处理这些问题4. Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a letter. You should write at least 150 words according to the outline given below in Chinese:假如你是李静，你想向校长申请参加西部大开发，你要给校长写一封信，信的内容包括：1. 表达自已想要参加西部大开发的愿望；2. 简要说明自己的理由。

英语六级考试模拟试题集与详细解析精选模拟试题附带详细解析1. Passage 1It is estimated that by the end of this century, Asian Americans, numbering well over 12 million, will constitute the largest and fastest-growing racial minority in the United States. Despite their increasing numbers, Asian Americans are often depicted as a silent and invisible minority in mainstream American society. This stereotype, however, is a gross misrepresentation of the Asian American population.Asian Americans are a diverse group, originating from over 40 different countries in Asia, each with their own unique culture, language, and history. Yet, they share certain common experiences in their immigration journey to the United States. Many Asian Americans have faced challenges in adapting to a new culture, learning a new language, and finding employment. However, they have also made significant contributions to American society in various fields, including academia, business, technology, and the arts.In recent years, there has been a growing awareness of the importance of Asian Americans in shaping American culture and society. This has led to increased representation of Asian Americans in the media, with films such as "Crazy Rich Asians" and "Minari" gaining critical acclaim and commercial success. Additionally, Asian American activists and organizations have been advocating for greater recognition and respect for their community.The future of Asian Americans in the United States is promising. As their population continues to grow, so does their influence and impact on American society. It is crucial for the mainstream society to recognize and appreciate the rich diversity and contributions of Asian Americans.2. Passage 2Money plays a significant role in our daily lives, and financial literacy is essential for personal financial well-being. However, many young people lack the necessary knowledge and skills to effectively manage their finances. This has led to widespread financial problems, such as debt, poor credit scores, and limited savings.To address this issue, financial education should be integrated into school curriculums from an early age. By teaching children about concepts like budgeting, saving, and investing, they can develop good financial habits and make informed financial decisions in the future. Financial literacy courses can also cover topics like student loans, credit cards, and taxes, which are relevant to young adults entering the workforce.In addition to formal education, parents and guardians can also play a crucial role in teaching their children about money. By involving children in discussions about family finances, budgeting, and saving, parents can instill responsible financial behaviors from a young age. It is important for parents to lead by example and demonstrate healthy financial habits themselves.Furthermore, access to financial resources and tools should be made readily available to young people. This can include online resources, mobile applications, and financial counseling services. By providing accessible anduser-friendly platforms, young individuals can easily access information and tools to manage their finances effectively.In conclusion, improving financial literacy among young people is essential for their long-term financial well-being. By integrating financial education into schools, involving parents in teaching, and providing accessible resources, we can empower young individuals to make informed financial decisions and build a secure financial future.3. Passage 3Climate change is one of the most pressing issues facing our planet today. Its impacts are already being felt around the world, from extreme weather events to rising sea levels. In order to mitigate and adapt to climate change, collective action is needed from individuals, governments, and businesses.Individuals can make a difference by adopting sustainable practices in their daily lives. This can include reducing energy consumption, recycling, using public transportation, and supporting businesses that prioritize environmental sustainability. Small changes in individual behavior, when multiplied on a global scale, can have a significant impact in reducing carbon emissions and preserving natural resources.Governments play a crucial role in addressing climate change through policy measures and regulations. They can implement renewable energy targets, impose carbon taxes, and promote sustainable transportation. Additionally, governments can provide incentives for businesses and individuals to transition to more sustainable practices.Businesses have the power to drive significant change and innovation in combating climate change. By adopting sustainable practices and investing in renewable energy, businesses can reduce their carbon footprint and contribute to a greener economy. Many businesses have also recognized the economic opportunities of the green market and are transitioning towards sustainable business models.Collaboration and international cooperation are also essential in tackling climate change. Global agreements, such as the Paris Agreement, provide a framework for countries to work together in reducing greenhouse gas emissions and adapting to the impacts of climate change. International efforts are needed to develop and share technologies, knowledge, and best practices for a sustainable future.In conclusion, addressing climate change requires collective action from individuals, governments, and businesses. By adopting sustainable practices, implementing effective policies, and fostering international cooperation, we can mitigate the impacts of climate change and create a more sustainable future for generations to come.。

精选英语六级考试模拟试题及详解英语六级考试是中国大学英语能力考试的最高级别，对于大部分大学生来说是一个重要的挑战。

为了帮助大家更好地备考六级考试，下面将提供一些精选的模拟试题，并附上详细的解析。

第一部分：阅读理解阅读理解是英语六级考试的主要内容之一，以下是一道典型的阅读理解题目：Passage 1It is time to stop pretending. High fuel prices are here to stay. Yes, prices may see-saw, but the general trend is only going one way - north. So what will it mean for our lives? While it is tempting to say that the answer lies in turning a blind eye or hoping that oil will start gushing forth from the ground again, the only sensible answer is to find ways of using less fuel. But how?One possible solution is to drive less, and to make fewer plane and bus journeys. Better use of the telephone can reduce long journeys to meetings. But often a journey cannot be avoided, unless of course, you can do part of it virtually. A video conference can be a good substitute for a physical one. It saves time, money, and above all, fuel.Another thought is to travel together. Why drive to work alone? Surely someone lives near you and wants to share your transport? It is worth thinking about.Shopping over the internet is another way of reducing fuel consumption. Of course, you still have to get the goods from your front door to theirs, but you do eliminate the long journey to the shops.Finally, the way we design our communities can reduce fuel consumption. By putting housing, work, and shops near each other, we create "walkable communities" where we can walk or cycle to our destination.1. What is the main idea of the passage?A. Fuel prices are constantly fluctuating.B. The only solution is to find ways of using less fuel.C. Driving less will solve the problem of high fuel prices.D. People should share transport to work.解析：B。

大学英语六级模拟试题及答案一、单选题（共10题，共20分）1.We can conclude from the passage that ________.A.today's under-thirties are leading a miserable life in Britainura Lenox-Conyngham's attitude to work and life represents that of manyyoung professionals in BritainC.Life can get harder for under-thirties in BritainD.elders enjoy extremely high living standards in Britain2.In what way does Laura Lenox-Conyngham make her living?A. By taking photographs for magazines.B.By marring a rich man.C.By subletting the lounge sofa-bed to her brother.D.By preparing food for photographs for some magazines.3.Which factor pushed up house prices?A.Many young men, who live alone, have increased demand for houses.B.Many young men need to rent more houses.C.It is easy to apply for a mortgage for young generationD.The number of older people, many of whom live alone,becomes bigger andbigger.4.Why are today's older middle-aged and elderly becoming the new winners?A.Because they made relatively small contributions in tax, but youngergeneration will possibly hand over more than a third of their lifetime's earningsfor the care of them.B.Because they contributed a lot in tax and now can claim much on the welfaresystem.C.Because they made small contributions, but now can make money easily.D.Because they outnumber younger generation and enjoy more privileges in thepresent society.5.By saying "the growth of the proportion...to younger generations." (Line2, Para. 5), Anthea Tinker really means that ________.A.currently wealth flows from old generation to younger generationB.traditionally wealth flows from younger generation to old generationC.with the increasingly big poppation of over 50, the trendarises that wealthflows from younger generation to old generationD.with more and more people of over 50, traditions have been reversed6.The best title for the passage wopd be ________.A.Medical PracticeB.Clever AdvertisingC.Self-MedicationD.Self-Treatment7.The author tells us in paragraph 4 ________.A.the reasons for keeping medicines at homeB.people's doubt about taking drugsC.what kind of medicine people shopd prepare at homeD.the possible harms self-medication may do to people8.Paragraphs 2 and 3 explain ________.A.those good things are not without side effectsB.why clever advertising is so powerfpC.why in modern times self-medication is still practisedD.why people develop fapty ways of life9.Advertisements are aimed at people suffering from mild complaints because________.A. they often watch ads on TVB.they are more likely to buy the drugs advertisedC.they generally lead a sedentary lifeD.they don't take to sports and easily catch colds10.The first paragraph is intended to ________.A.suggest that self-medication has a long historyB.define what diagnosis means exactlyC.praise doctors for their expertiseD.tell the symptoms from the causes二、判断题（共4题，共8分）11.Nearly all the families can manage to meet the soaring tuition costs through various investment plans.正确错误12.One reason why colleges increase tuition and fees is thatthe state support is shrinking.正确错误13.The only problem the students are facing at graduation is the dismal job market.正确错误14.Griffith worked for a firm that specialized in economic development in Washington D.C. because she needed money to pay for her debt.正确错误三、填空题（共8题，共16分）15.He told the story in such minute detail ________________(简直就像他亲眼看见一样 ).16.Life is too short ________________(不可每天将时间浪费在看电视上).17.The visitors planned to ________________( 花最少的时间游览公园以外的地方).18.The only sounds are bird calls and the soft noise________________(当水缓缓推动草时草所发出的)19.The area gets ________________(年降雨量不足五厘米).20.According to Steven Young, if scientists get the data that ________, they wopd petition for fast track status.21.While integrase deletes an immune cell's genetic material and replaces it with its own, it acts like ________ in a word processor.22.If the drug proves effective in human trials,it copd enhance the effectiveness of existing AIDS drugs in ________.四、问答题（共1题，共10分）23.Directions:1、正确答案： C2、正确答案： D3、正确答案： D4、正确答案： A5、正确答案： C6、正确答案： C7、正确答案： D8、正确答案： C9、正确答案： B10、正确答案： A11、正确答案：错误12、正确答案：正确13、正确答案：错误14、正确答案：正确15、正确答案：that he might himself have been an eye-witness16、正确答案：to idle away the hours watching TV each day17、正确答案：spend minimum time sightseeing outside the parks18、正确答案：made by grasses as the water slowly moves them19、正确答案：fewer than five centimeters of rain a year20、正确答案：Because the virus changes its shape.21、正确答案：a cut and paste operation22、正确答案：fighting drug-resistant strains of the virus23、正确答案：9-12：BCAB13-15：BCB。

大学英语六级模拟试卷5(题后含答案及解析)题型有：1. Writing 2. Reading Comprehension (Skimming and Scanning) 3. Listening Comprehension 4. Reading Comprehension (Reading in Depth) 6. Error Correction 8. TranslationPart I Writing (30 minutes)1．For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay entitled Food Safety Problem. You should write at least 150 words. Following the outline given below in Chinese: 1．我国食品市场存在的问题。

2．怎样解决食品安全问题。

3．结论。

正确答案：Food Safety Problem With the development of our country’s economy, there arise some new problems, among which is the food safety problem. A handful of profiteers put some harmful materials into the food they make t Part II Reading Comprehension (Skimming and Scanning) (15 minutes)Directions: In this part, you will have 15 minutes to go over the passage quickly and answer the questions attached to the passage. For questions 1-4, mark：Y (for YES) if the statement agrees with the information given in the passage;N (for NO) if the statement contradicts the information given in the passage;NG (for NOT GIVEN)if the information is not given in the passage.Foods That Fight Disease With remarkable consistency, recent research has found that a diet high in plant-based foods—fruits, vegetables, dried peas and beans, grains, and starchy staples such as potatoes—is the body’s best weapon in thwarting many health related problems. These foods work against so many diseases that the same healthy ingredients you might use to protect your heart or ward off cancer will also benefit your intestinal tract and bones. Here’s what is currently known about these different disease-fighting foods. Cancer Fighters Preventing cancer is a compelling reason to lead up your cart in the produce department. Scientists have recently estimated that approximately 30 to 40 percent of all cancers could be averted if people ate more fruits, vegetables, and plant based foods and minimized high-fat, high-calorie edibles that have scant nutritional value. Up to 70 percent of cancers might be eliminated if people also stopped smoking, exercised regularly, and controlled their weight. In the past, researchers had linked fat consumption with the development of cancers, but they currently believe that eating fruits, vegetables, and grains may be more important in preventing the disease than not eating fat. “The evidence a bout a high-fat diet and cancer seemed a lot stronger several years ago than it does now,”says Melanie Polk, a registered dietitian and director of nutrition education at the American Institute for Cancer Research. Although scientists are still not certain about the specifics, they’re beginning to closein on the healthful constituents of plant-based foods. In particular, they’re looking closely at two components—antioxidants and phytochemicals. Antioxidants. The antioxidants(carotenoids, such as beta carotene and lycopene, and vitamins C and E) found in fruits, vegetables, and other plant-based foods fight free radicals, which are compounds in the body that attack and destroy cell membranes. The uncontrolled activity of free radicals is believed to cause many cancers. The carotenoids, in particular, which give fruits and vegetables their bright yellow, orange, and red colors, are now gaining recognition for their nutritional worth. Numerous studies have extolled the virtues of lycopene(the carotenoid that makes tomatoes red) in preventing prostate cancer. One such study at Harvard University found that men who include tomato products in their meals twice a week could reduce their risk of developing prostate cancer by one-third compared with men who never touch tomatoes. Other lycopene-rich foods, such as watermelon, red grapefruit, and guava, are now piquing the interest of researchers. Watermelon not only yields more lycopene per serving(15 mg in 11/2 cups ) than raw tomatoes(11 mg per 11/2 cups), but it’s also a rich source of vitamins A and C. Can watermelon help reduce the incidence of cancer? No one knows for sure because there haven’t been sufficient studies. “We assume that we’ll see benefits,”says Penelope Perkins-Veazie, Ph.D. a research scientist with the USDA’s Agricultural Research Service. Researchers there plan to compare people who eat watermelon with those who eat processed tomatoes-because cooking enhances lycopene absorption-to see which group absorbs more lycopene.(A 11/2 cup serving of tomato sauce packs 53 mg of lycopene.) Phytochemicals. The phytochemicals present in fruits and vegetables protect the body by stunting the growth of malignant cells. Phytochemicals, naturally occurring substances, include indoles([生化]吲哚) in cabbage or cauliflower, sapenins([生化]皂角苷) in peas and beans, and isoflavones(异黄酮) in soy milk and tofu. Investigators have only an inkling of how many phytochemicals exist and how they work. They are confident, however, that you can get a basketful of ant-cancer nutrients by mixing and matching at least five servings a day of fruits and vegetables with seven or more starchy or protein-rich plant foods such as gains, peas and beans, and potatoes. Supplements can help you get some of the benefits of these substances, but they are no replacement for real food. “When you take a supplement, you’re getting specific vitamins and minerals, but not the thousands of phytochemicals that might be present in fruits and vegetables,”says registered dietitian Amy Jamicson of The Cleveland Clinic Foundation in Ohio. “If you eat a sweet potato with its skin, which is a great source of both beta carotene and fiber, you’ll consume at least 5,000 phytochemicals that aren’t present in a beta carotene supplement. That’s a really important difference.”Bone-Building Foods The road to strong bones is paved with calcium-rich food. Leafy green vegetables and low fat dairy products are excellent sources of calcium, the mineral that puts stiffness into your skeletal system and keeps your bones from turning rubbery and fragile. Your body uses calcium for more than keeping your bones strong. Calcium permits cells to divide, regulates muscle contraction and relaxation, and plays an important role in the movement of protein and nutrients inside cells. If you don’t absorb enough from what you eat to satisfy theserequirements, your body will take it from your bones. Because your body doesn’t produce this essential mineral, you must continually replenish the supply. Even though the recommended daily amount is 1,200 mg, most adults don’t eat more than 500 mg. One reason may have been the perception that calcium-rich dairy products were also loaded with calories. “In the past, women, in particular, worried that dairy products were high in calories,” says Letha Y. Griffin, M.D. of Peachtree Orthopaedics in Atlanta. “But today you can get calcium without eating any high-fat or high-calorie foods by choosing skim milk or low-fat yogurt.” Also, low-fat dairy products contain phosphorous(磷) and magnesium(镁) and are generally fortified with vitamin D, all of which help your body absorb and use calcium. If you find it difficult to include enough calcium in your diet, ask your doctor about supplements. They’re a potent way to get calcium as well as vitamin D and other minerals. But there’s a downside. If you rely on pills in lieu of a calcium-rich diet, you won’t benefit from the other nutrients that food provides. Getting the recommended vitamin D may be easy, since your body makes the vitamin when your skin is exposed to the sun’s rays.2．According to this passage, a diet high in plant-based foods plays an important role in fighting all kinds of diseases.A．YB．NC．NG正确答案：B解析：事实理解题。

大学英语六级仔细阅读专项强化真题试卷5(题后含答案及解析) 题型有：1.What a waste of money! In return for an average of ￡44,000 of debt, students get an average of only 14 hours of lecture and tutorial time a week in Britain. Annual fees have risen from ￡1,000 to ￡9,000 in the last decade, but contact time at university has barely risen at all. And graduating doesn’t even provide any guarantee of a decent job: six in ten graduates today are in non-graduate jobs. No wonder it has become fashionable to denounce many universities as little more than elaborate con-tricks(骗术). There’s a lot for students to complain about: the repayment threshold for paying back loans will be frozen for five years, meaning that lower-paid graduates have to start repaying their loans: and maintenance grants have been replaced by loans, meaning that students from poorer backgrounds face higher debt than those with wealthier parents. Yet it still pays to go to university. If going to university doesn’t work out, students pay very little—if any—of their tuition fees back: you only start repaying when you are earning ￡21,000 a year. Almost half of graduates—those who go on to earn less—will have a portion of their debt written off. It’s not just the lectures and tutorials that are important. Education is the sum of what students teach each other in between lectures and seminars. Students do not merely benefit while at university: studies show they go on to be healthier and happier than non-graduates, and also far more likely to vote. Whatever your talents, it is extraordinarily difficult to get a leading job in most fields without having been to university. Recruiters circle elite universities like vultures(兀鹰). Many top firms will not even look at applications from those who lack a 2.1, i. e., an upper-second class degree, from an elite university. Students at university also meet those likely to be in leading jobs in the future, forming contacts for life. This might not be right, but school-leavers who fail to acknowledge as much risk making the wrong decision about going to university. Perhaps the reason why so many universities offer their students so little is they know studying at a top university remains a brilliant investment even if you don’t learn anything. Studying at university will only become less attractive if employers shift their focus away from where someone went to university—and there is no sign of that happening anytime soon. School-leavers may moan, but they have little choice but to embrace university and the student debt that comes with it.1．What is the author’s opinion of going to university?A．It is worthwhile after all.B．It is simply a waste of time.C．It is hard to say whether it is good or bad.D．It is too expensive for most young people.正确答案：A解析：观点态度题。

大学英语六级模拟试卷480(题后含答案及解析)题型有：1. Writing 2. Reading Comprehension (Skimming and Scanning) 3. Listening Comprehension 4. Reading Comprehension (Reading in Depth) 5. Cloze 8. TranslationPart I Writing (30 minutes)1．Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay entitled Limiting the Use of Private Cars. You should write at least 150 words following the outline given below:1. 北京地区采取措施限制私家车的通行2．这些措施的影响3．我的看法Limiting the Use of Private Cars正确答案：Limiting the Use of Private Cars ①As is known to all, Beijing is an international metropolis, which has witnessed the rapid growth of automobile cars in recent years. ②Therefore, the government has taken some measure解析：①审题及布局。

本文要求考生就北京地区采取措施限制私家车通行这一现象发表自己的看法。

在布局上，第一段陈述所采取的措施，如单双号及尾号限行等措施；第二段论述采取这些措施以后有什么影响，显然这些影响应该是积极的，即给我们所带来的好处，比如可以缓解交通堵塞和降低环境污染等；第三段阐明自己的看法，其实就是对上一段的再度总结。

大学英语六级听力模拟试题（五）及答案听力试题11. A) Surfing the net.B) Watching a talk show.C) Packing a birthday gift.D) Shopping at a jewelry store.12. A) He enjoys finding fault with exams.B) He is sure of his success in the exam.C) He doesn’t know if he can do we ll in the exam.D) He used to get straight A’s in the exams he took.13. A) The man is generous with his good comments on people.B) The woman is unsure if there will be peace in the world.C) The woman is doubtful about newspaper stories.D) The man is quite optimistic about human nature.14. A) Study for some profession.B) Attend a medical school.C) Stay in business.D) Sell his shop.15. A) More money.B) Fair treatment.C) A college education.D) Shorter work hours.16. A) She was exhausted from her trip.B) She missed the comforts of home.C) She was impressed by Mexican food.D) She will not go to Mexico again.17. A) Cheer herself up a bit.B) Find a more suitable job.C) Seek professional advice.D) Take a psychology course.18. A) He dresses more formally now.B) What he wears does not match his position.C) He has ignored his friends since graduation.D) He failed to do well at college.Questions 19 to 22 are based on the conversation you have just heard.19. A) To go sightseeing.B) To have meetings.C) To promote a new champagne.D) To join in a training program.20. A) It can reduce the number of passenger complaints.B) It can make air travel more entertaining.C) It can cut down the expenses for air travel.D) It can lessen the discomfort caused by air travel.21. A) Took balanced meals with champagne.B) Ate vegetables and fruit only.C) Refrained from fish or meat.D) Avoided eating rich food.22. A) Many of them found it difficult to exercise on a plane.B) Many of them were concerned with their well-being.C) Not many of them chose to do what she did.D) Not many of them understood the program.Questions 23 to 25 are based on the conversation you have just heard.23. A) At a fair.B) At a cafeteria.C) In a computer lab.D) In a shopping mall.24. A) The latest computer technology.B) The organizing of an exhibition.C) The purchasing of some equipment.D) The dramatic changes in the job market.25. A) Data collection.B) Training consultancy.C) Corporate management.D) Information processing.Section BDirections: In this section, you will hear 3 short passages. At the end of each passage, you will hear some questions. Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choice marked A) B) C) and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。

英语六级模拟训练题五（附答案及解析）Model Test 5Part ⅠWritingDirections: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay entitled On Foreigners' Learning Chinese. You should write at least 150 words following the outline given below.1. 目前，国久“汉语热”持续升温2. 出现这种现象的主要原因3. “汉语热”给我的启示Part II Reading Comprehension (Skimming and scanning) (15 minutes)How Sled Dogs WorkThey're physical wonders--able to endure extreme conditions for extensive periods of time while running fast and pulling more than their own weight. Sled (雪橇) dogs have been around for generations, and today they remain a large part of a dog driver's life.In Arctic (北极的) regions, some 35 000 years ago, Eskimos' dogs bred with wolves and other dogs. Their offspring were well-adapted to the cold and snow. There's no saying exactly when someone thought to have dogs pull sleds ,but it was well before 1000 B. C. that dog sleds provided a means of transportation and a way to haul goods. In recent years, people looking for unique outings have gone on recreational trips with sled dogs. A number of companies market tourist treks via dog sled for adventure travelers.Dogsled racing in Alaska formally began in 1908, when sled dog owners in Nome, Alaska, held the first All-Alaska Sweepstakes, a 408-mile race from Nome to Candle and back.And in 1973, the inaugural Iditarod Trail Sled Dog Race took place on a route covering more than 1 000 miles in Alaska. There are more competitions in many of the continental United States, and some take place on dry land. In addition to endurance races, sled-dog events include sprint races, weight pulls (in which dogs try to pull the most weight) and freight races ( in which dogs try to pull a weighted sled the fastest).Stamina (耐力) and StrengthMany breeds of dogs are used to pull sleds, including official American Kennel Club breeds such as the Siberian husky, Malamute and Samoyed. However, many sled dogs are of mixed breed and are called Alaska husky or Eskimo dogs. While some sled dogs may have wolf bloodlines, it's generally not desirable to have a mixture of blood between the two.Sled dogs are bred for their speed and endurance as well as leadership qualities. They are big dogs with thick coats and wide, fiat feet. They sleep with their tails covering their noses to keep warm. Dogs that weigh around 40 to 45 pounds are the ideal size to pull sleds, but some may weigh as much as 85 pounds.Young dogs that are enthusiastic runners, easy-going and mentally tough are good choices for sled dogs. A dog's gender matters little and both male and female dogs are considered equally.For racing, the most intelligent and fastest dogs are picked to be lead dogs and run in the front of the pack. Behind them run swing dogs, whose job is to direct the team around turns and curves. At the back of the dog team are the wheel dogs or wheelers, who are right in front of the sled and are usually the largest and strongest of the team. The rest of the dogs are known simply as team dogs.Dogs are typically from 2 to 10 years old when they pull sleds. After they retire, they might remain with their owner at a kennel or be adopted as pets by others. Rescue groups for sled dogs take in unwanted dogs and care for them, trying to place them in loving homes.While snowmobiles (also called snow machines), helicopters and airplanes are now often used in place of sled dogs, there are still times when dog transportation is preferred. Harsh weather conditions can make flying hazardous, and certain terrain can be more difficult for snow machines to cross than for dogs. Dogs can be more reliable than man-made machines, they're good companions to have on long treks and they can be cheaper to own than other forms of transportation.Becoming a Sled DogThe number of sled dogs at a typical kennel(养狗场) is around 75, though some might house as few as 20 or as many as 150. Many kennel owners are greedy mushers (赶狗拉雪) and compete in dog sled races. They also train other mushers and sell and lease dogs.The training for each team of racing dogs varies by musher ( or whomever is preparing the dogs to race). Conditioning the dogs to nm long distances is vital, and teams may cover 2 000 to 3 000 miles in the course of training leading up to an endurance race. Since training may take place year-round, the dogs sometimes nm on dry land, and sometimes pull all-terrain vehicles.Dog owners start training their dogs to pull sleds at a very young age. When they are a couple of months old, they may be fitted with a harness and collar, just so they get used to wearing them. As they get older, a small object may be attached to theharness to practice pulling weight. Mushers also start teaching the dogs verbal commands. When dogs are ready to train alongside a team, at around 6 to 8 months old, they start by pulling light loads for short distances. Over time, they build up their strength and stamina and are able to go farther and pull more.Sled dogs that are well cared for and loved by their owners are quite friendly and gentle. While they may fight with other dogs, it is rare that a sled dog would be aggressive toward people. Mushers have been quoted as saying that they take better care of their dogs than themselves, and that the dogs eat better than they do. Relationships between dog and musher vary, but most mushers consider their dogs family. Mushers generally follow the reasoning that a dog that's not properly cared for will not perform, so it wouldn't make sense to mistreat dogs.For races such as the Iditarod, veterinarians are on hand to examine dogs, and race rules require proof of certain vaccines and check-ups. Dogs are implanted with microchips to help keep track of them. The International Sled Dog Veterinary Medical Association is a group of veterinarians who are dedicated to the welfare of sled dogs.Getting Ready for the RaceRacing sled dogs need to eat around 10 000 calories per day. During the Iditarod race, that translates to about 2 000 pounds of food for one team for the entire race. Meat is the main ingredient, but they also consume other fats, oils, dry dog foods and vitamin supplements. Dogs eat at each of the more than two dozen checkpoints on the Iditarod route, but they also get snacks every few hours. Gear for dogs includes fabric booties to protect their feet from the elements, and a sled team may go through 2000 booties during a race.The number of dogs pulling the sled varies by race and by musher. In the Iditarod, there are a maximum of 16 dogs on a team. At the race's start, there must be between 12 and 16 dogs per entrant. At the race's end, at least six dogs must be part of the team that crosses the finish line.The dogs are attached to the sled with a series of lines called rigging. This includes the tow line (or gang line), tug lines and neck lines. Each dog wears a collar and a harness. The tow line connects the dogs to the sled, and a tug line rigs the dogs' harnesses to the tow line. The dogs'collars are attached to the tow line by the neck line. There are no reins, and dogs respond to the musher's vocal commands.A musher says "hike," "let's go," or "all right," to get his or her team going; "easy" to slow down; "gee" to turn right; "haw" to turn left; "come gee" or "come haw" to turn 180 degrees right or left; "straight on" to go straight ahead; and "whoa" to stop.During the Iditarod, teams typically travel in the 5 to 12 miles per hour range and might nm for six or eight hours straight. When dogs fail to work together as a team, or a musher can't properly direct his or her team, the lines can become tangled and cause problems.1. Why are sled dogs said to be physical wonders?[A] Because they are raised by wolves. [B] Because they can stand most severe weather.[C] Because they are fastest runner among Arctic animals. [D] Because they can bear goods like horses do.2. The idea of using dogs to pull sleds began ______.[A] some 35 000 years ago [B] 1 000 years ago [C] before 1 000 B.C. [D] before 19083. What is people's attitude towards a mixture of blood between dogs and wolves?[A] It's not encouraged. [B] It's strongly protested. [C] It's warmly welcomed. [D] It's responded indifferently.4. Where is the position of the wheel dogs in a team?[A] In the front of the team. [B] Behind the lead dogs. [C] In front of the sled. [D] At the side of swing dogs.5. Nowadays sled dogs are still necessary when ______.[A] there are severe weather conditions [B] flying machines are full with passengers[C] snow machines use up power in the Arctic region [D] people need partners during the travel6. What is very important in the long-distance training of dogs?[A] To urge dogs run for 2 000 to 3 000 miles every day. [B] To train the dogs for at least one year.[C] To train the dogs to pull vehicles on dry land. [D] To get the dogs accustomed to running long distances.7. When sled dogs get sufficient care from the owner, they usually ______.[A] fight with other dogs [B] are too heavy to run [C] are friendly and gentle [D] develop reliability on the owner8. According to the race rules, dogs for race must have ______.9. For the entire Iditarod race, a sled dog team has to eat so much as to ______.10. Sled dogs don't use reins, instead, they follow ______.Part ⅢListening Comprehension11. [A] The mountains. [B] The seaside. [C] The park. [D] The forest.12. [A] She wouldn't mind doing it if she could. [B] Shewished she hadn't had the meeting.[C] She didn't want to because she would rather go to Chicago. [D] would be able to have the meeting.13. [A] She missed her friends. [B] She thinks she's catching another cold.[C] She likes tomato sauce on everything she eats. [D] has a lot of work to make up.14. [A] In a bookstore. [B] In a library. [C] Ina classroom. [D] In a hotel.15. [A] She disagrees with the man. [B] She doesn't agree with Cynthia.[C] She thinks it's narrow-minded. [D] She doesn't believe either of them.16. [A] He prefers shorter plays to this one. [B] He doesn't have to go to that play.[C] He wouldn't see the play as the woman did. [D] He liked the play better the first time he saw it.17. [A] The casher of the hotel. [B] The receptionist at the front desk.[C] The hotel operator. [D] The Bell Telephone operator.18. [A] Because they are alike. [B] Because the man's briefcase has a lock.[C] Because the man's briefcase is smaller. [D] Because she doesn't have a briefcase. Questions 19 to 21 are based on the conversation you have just heard.19. [A] A surgeon general who will be present in a rose garden[B] A woman who used to be one of Reagan's Surgeon General.[C] A spokesman for President Clinton on drug regulations.[D] Ronauld Reagan.20. [A] Announce for the first time the regulations on tobacco. [B] Publish the usual protocols he has gone through.[C] Declare pretty much the same restrictions on drug use as in 1995.[D] Present to the public the revised regulations on tobacco.21. [A] President Clinton suggested an end to using trade marks of cigarette on baseball caps.[B] President Clinton's new restriction on tobacco is basically on teen smokers.[C] There are some measures going along with advertising ban on cigarettes.[D] He doesn't think there'll ever be an official ban on cigarettes in America.Questions 22 to 25 are based on the conversation you have just heard.22. [A] The most expensive products for women and children.[B] The most practical clothes for the old and the young.[C] The best and most luxurious garment products for men and women.[D] The best but very cheap jeans and underwear for ordinary consumers.23. [A] People who are more concerned about value ,price and style.[B] People who are more worried about monotony and analogy.[C] People who are less interested in affordable clothes.[D] People who are very much concerned about the design of clothes.24. [A] By setting up joint ventures with partners in Asia. [B]By opening up whole sale chain-stores in Japan.[C] By distributing its products to retail stores with" ship in shop" concept. [D] By setting up retail stores.25. [A] One of Calvin Klein's business partners. [B] One of the chain stores of Calvin Klein in Asia.[C] The sole agent of Calvin Klein in Japan. [D] A trade mission to South-East Asia.Section B26. [A] The World War II. [B] The World War I. [C] The American Revolution. [D] The Industrial Revolution of Britain.27. [A] The telescope. [B] The harmonica. [C] The piano. [D] The light bulb.28. [A] T o bring electricity into his house for lighting. [B] To have fun.[C] To attract thunder. [D] To conduct a scientific experiment.Questions 29 to 31 are based on the passage you have just heard.29. [A] Because their wives provide necessities and luxuries.[B] Because they can spend more money in doing so.[C] Because they can enjoy more freedom.[D] Because their wives can earn money to support the family and be interesting.30. [A] The wife's bad cooking. [B] The wife's independence.[C] The wife's working condition.[D] The wife's paycheck.31. [A] When the children grow up. [B] When the family life is getting better.[C] When the man is angry because his wife is not his servant.[D] When the wife brings in more money.Questions 32 to 35 are based on the passage you have justheard.32. [A] From the Federal government. [B] From the state legislatures.[C] From taxes. [D] From the parents of the school children.33. [A] The Federal government. [B] Individual schools. [C] Respective states. [D] Local communities.34. [A] The percentage is high. [B] The percentage is low.[C] The amount of the population is not so low. [D] It is not mentioned in the passage.35. [A] Their own earnings from part-time work. [B] Scholarships from schools, the government, or private foundations.[C] Taxes. [D] Funds provided by states and cities.Section CLife on earth depends on the sun. Day after day we see its light and feel its (36) , but we do not often know or (37) the birth or the beginning of their (38) . Yet there are amount of (39) things about the sun. One is its distance from the earth. This is about ninety-three (40) miles. It is to us, a long distance. A (41) of this distance, even if it could be made, would take (42) hundred years even in the (43) rocket.The sun makes us feel heat, even at a distance of ninety-three million miles. This is not surprising. (44) . But we receive only a small part of this heat. The total heat of the sun could melt a column of ice two and a quarter miles thick and ninety-three million miles high in one second.The brightness of the sun is equally astonishing. As we said earlier, we receive only a very small part of the sun's heat. (45) This is sufficient for the growth of trees and plants, and for the existence of living creatures on earth. (46) . The heat and lightfrom the sun come in just the right quantities for life on earth.Part ⅣReading Comprehension (Reading in Depth)Kimiyuki Suda shoed be a perfect customer for Japan's carmakers. He's a young, successful executive at an Internet-service company in Tokyo and has plenty of disposable income. He used to own Toyota's Hilux Surf,a sport utility vehicle. But now he uses mostly subways and trains. "It's not inconvenient at all," he says. Besides," having a car is so 20th-century."Suda reflects a worrisome trend in Japan; the automobile is losing its emotional appeal, particularly among the young, who prefer to spend their money on the latest electronic gadgets. Alarmed by the decay of car sales and a tendency of "demotorization", the Japan Automobile Manufacturers Association (JAMA) launched a comprehensive study of the market in 2006 and found that Japanese demographics (人口统计数据) have something to do with the problem. The country's urban population has grown by nearly 20 percent since 1990, and most city dwellers use mass transit on a daily basis, making it less essential to own a car. Experts say Europe, where the car market is also quite mature, may be in for a similar shift.But in Japan, the "demotorization" process is also driven by cost factors. Owning and driving a car can cost up to $ 500 per month in Japan, including parking fees, car insurance, toll roads and various taxes. Taxes on a $17 000 car in Japan are 4.1 times higher than in the United States,1.7 times higher than in Germany and 1.25 times higher than in the U. K. , according to JAMA. "Automobiles used to represent a symbol of our status, a Western, modem lifestyle that we aspired for," says Kitamura. For today's young people, he argues," such thinking is completely gone."Cars are increasingly just a mobile utility; the real consumer time and effort goes into picking the coolest mobile phones and personal computers, not the hippest hatchback. The rental-car industry has grown by more than 30 percent in the past eight years, as city dwellers book weekend wheels over the Internet. Meanwhile, government surveys show that spending on cars per household per year fell by 14 percent, to $ 600, between 2000 and 2005, while spending on Net and mobile-phone subscriptions rose by 39 percent, to $1 500, during the same period.47. Though Kimiyuki Suda used to own a sport utility vehicle, he now travels by ______ in most cases.48. What. seem(s) more appealing to Japanese young people than the automobile? _____49. Like people in Japan, European city dwellers may also undergo a shift from owning a car to using ______.50. Apart from demographics, the causes of the "demotorization" process in Japan also include ______.51. How would an urban inhabitant usually rent a car in the past eight years? _______Passage OneAmerica's economic recovery remains uncomfortably weak. The latest data show industrial production falling while the trade deficit soars to record levels. To round off a dismal week for economic statistics, the Fed announced that industrial production fell by 0.2 percent in December compared with the previous month. That came as a disappointment to economists who had been expecting a small rise. Monthly data are always unreliable, of course; there is always a plausible explanation for unexpectedly bad (or good) news. But nearly all recent economicstatistics point to the same conclusion--that American's recovery remains sluggish (缓慢的) and erratic (不稳定的). It could put pressure on the Fed to consider cutting interest rates again when its policy making committee meets at the end of the month.The biggest obstacle to healthier economic performance, though, is political. As the Fed's chairman, Alan Greenspan, acknowledged in the closing months of 2002, uncertain about the future is holding both investors and consumers back. The shadowy threat of international terrorism and the much more explicit prospect of a war with Iraq have made many Americans nervous about the future. For businesses still reeling from the speed at which the late 1990s boom turned to slump, the political climate is one more reason to put off investing in new plant and equipment or hiring new staff. For consumers, for so long the mainstay of the American economy, the thrill of the shopping mall seems, finally, to be on the wane.It is hard to put a favorable interpretation on most of the data. But it is important to keep a sense of perspective. Some recent figures look disappointing partly because they fall short of over optimistic forecasts--a persistent weakness of those paid to predict the economic future, no matter how often they are proved wrong. The Fed will be watching carefully for further signs of weakness during the rest of the month. Mr. Greenspan is an eager, even obsessive, consumer ofeconomic data. He has made it clear that the Fed stands ready to reduce interest rates again if it judges it necessary--even after 12 cuts in the past two years. At its last meeting, though, when ii kept rates on hold, the Fed signaled that it did not expect to need to reduce rates any further.Monetary policy still offers the best short-term policyresponse to weak economic activity, and with inflation low the Fed still has scope for further relaxation. President Bush's much-vaunted (过度吹嘘的) fiscal stimulus is unlikely to provide appropriate help, and certainly not in a timely way.52. Which of the following best describes America's economic situation now?[A] It is flourishing. [B] It faces an uncertain future. [C] It remains depressing. [D] It shows unreliable signs.53. What does the figure 0.2 percent in paragraph I indicate?[A] America's economic recovery is still shaky. [B] Economists are disappointed at the future economy.[C] It is a good sign for America's economic recovery.[D] The biggest obstacle to healthier economic performance is political.54. What factor makes investors put off investing in new plant and equipment?[A] The sluggish economic situation. [B] The direct threat of international terrorism.[C] The possibility of international terrorism. [D] Investors' shortage of capital.55. What is the writer's attitude toward some recent figures mentioned in paragraph 3?[A] Optimistic. [B] Skeptical. [C] Worrisome. [D] Critical.56. How does monetary policy offer help for weak economic activity?[A] It can stimulate investment in new plant and equipment.[B] It can reduce interest rates so as to stimulate weak economic activity.[C] The Fed tries to keep inflation low. [D] President Bush can offer appropriate monetary policy. Passage TwoForty years ago no one was concerned about the health of the ocean, in spite of the fact that many fisheries were being over-harvested, toxic wastes were being dumped in the sea, and developers were beginning to seriously disrupt coastlines. In those days, the magnitude of the problems was small, even though it was obvious that if the trends Continued people would face severe economic and personal hardship in the future. People just didn't understand, nor did they care. Unfortunately many of our concerns were realized, but the situation could have been much worse, had we, and others, not taken action to inform people about the ocean and the need to protect it.During our campaign to share the wonders of the sea and alert the public about the need to protect it, we have used every medium available--personal appearances, the printed word, and television. Now there is a new medium that is even more effective than its predecessors. Thanks to the Internet and computers, people can not only receive linear stories, but they can actually participate in them, exploring and learning at their own pace and as their curiosity dictates.I am tremendously impressed with the personalization of what had been labeled by skeptics as the most impersonal medium yet developed. For these reasons I have made a major commitment of time and resources to dive into this sea of electronic marvels. I'm swimming hard to keep up, but when I look around I find I'm not alone. We are all learning together and it is an adventure I am finding immensely rewarding. I have been encouraged by our first modest dunking in this new world: Cities under the Sea--Coral Reefs. A couple of months ago I was in Fiji to celebrate the1997 International Year of the Reef and presented our Citiesunder the Sea CD-ROM to a group of children. I was impressed to see how quickly they grasped our concepts and how they directed their own learning process, thanks to the flexibility of the medium.It was particularly exciting to see kids squeal with delight as they responded to questions and the computer rewarded there when they got the correct answers. I want young people to experience the mystery and wonder of our oceans. I want them to understand how precious and vulnerable our environment is. Young people need to be taught to take responsibility for ensuring that their heritage will be protected and used wisely. Hopefully the next generation will do a better job than mine has.I believe individuals must be personally involved and I am counting on the Internet to be the medium through which people can experience, learn, and take action. I am counting on young people with their idealism and energy to create a better future--it is too important to be left to bureaucrats and politicians.57. Forty years ago people were indifferent to the health of the ocean because ______.[A]the ocean was immune to any pollution then [B]they didn't know what would come of if the ocean was deadly disrupted[C] there was no computer then [D] there wasn't any problem with the ocean at that time58. The last sentence of the 2nd paragraph tells us that the writer believes that ______.[A] the computer is as smart as human beings [B] the computer is friendly with human beings[C] human beings can interact with the computer and do what they want at their will[D] human beings have not used the computer to its fullest advantage59. The writer went to Fiji to ______.[A] participate in a celebration [B] teach children there how to use the computer[C] make an adventure in the sea [D] spend the holiday on the seashore60. The writer's attitude towards the prospect of the ocean is ______.[A] desperate [B] unconcerned [C] optimistic [D] pragmatic61. To have a better future for the environment, we shall fall back on ______.[A] our predecessors [B] politicians [C] computers [D] young peoplePart ⅤClozeSleepwalking is a disorder characterized by walking or other activities a person engaged in while (62) still asleep. It is especially (63) among children. Each night there are several (64) of non-REM and REM sleep. Sleepwalking most often occurs during deep, non-REM sleep early in the night. It can also occur during REM sleep near morning.The cause of sleepwalking in children is usually unknown (65) may be related to fatigue, (66) sleep loss, or anxiety. Sleepwalking in adults can be associated with mental disorders, reactions to drugs and alcohol, or disease such as seizures: In the elderly, sleepwalking may be a (67) of an organic brain syndrome(综合病症) or REM behavior disorders.The sleepwalking activity may include simply sitting (68) and appearing to be awake (69) actually being asleep, getting up and walking around, or (70) activities such as (71) furniture, going tothe bathroom, dressing and undressing, and similar activities. Some people even drive a car while actually asleep. The (72) can be very brief or can last for 30 minutes or longer.One common misconception is that a sleepwalker should not be awaken. It is not dangerous to awaken a sleepwalker, (73) the person may be (74) or disoriented for a short time on awakening. Another misconception is that a person cannot be (75) when sleepwalking. Actually, injuries caused by such things as tripping and loss of balance are common for sleepwalkers. Sleepwalking affects (76) 1% to 17% of children and is more frequently seen in boys. The (77) of sleepwalking decreases with age.What causes sleepwalking is not known. Sleepwalking (78) no serious health threat to those who experience it, although the risk of injury is a (79) of concern. Currently, there is nonspecific medical evidence that suggests that there may be psychiatric issues involved in sleepwalking and it is not (80) or treated as a mental illness. Future research may (81) the development of a medical-legal definition of sleepwalking.62. [A] physically [B] unconsciously [C] seemingly [D] mentally63. [A] popular [B] prevalent [C] prevailing [D] fashionable64. [A] circles [B] cycles [C] circulation [D] recurrence65. [A] and [B] so [C] because [D] but66. [A] prior [B] previous [C] preceding [D] prestigious67. [A] sign [B] signal [C] symptom [D] omen68. [A] in [B] out [C] with [D] up69. [A] while [B] as [C] although [D] whatever70. [A] suspicious [B] complex [C] physiological [D] latent71. [A] moving [B] removing [C] changing [D] transferring。

大学英语六级考试模拟题(含答案)大学英语六级考试模拟题(含答案)Part I Writing (30 minutes)Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay on the topic of "The Importance of Learning English". You should write at least 150 words following the outline given below in Chinese:1. 学习英语的重要性2. 学习英语的好处3. 如何学好英语The Importance of Learning EnglishEnglish is one of the most widely spoken languages in the world. It is the official language of many countries, including the United States, the United Kingdom, Canada, and Australia. Therefore, learning English is becoming increasingly important in today's globalized world.Firstly, learning English can bring many benefits. For example, it can help you communicate with people from different countries and cultures. It can also improve your job prospects, as many companies require employees who can speak English. In addition, learning English can broaden your horizons and help you understand different perspectives.Secondly, to learn English well, you need to practice regularly. You can start by reading English books, watching English movies, and listening to English songs. You can also attend English classes or find a languageexchange partner to practice speaking with. It is important to set goals and track your progress to stay motivated.In conclusion, learning English is essential in today's world. It can bring many benefits and help you succeed in both your personal and professional life. Therefore, we should all make an effort to improve our English skills.。

试卷1Part ⅠWritingDirections:For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition on the topic To Curb Expenditure. You should write at least 150 words following the outline given below in Chinese:1．现在很多大学生消费水平普遍提高2．有人认为社会整体生活水平提高了，大学生花钱多一些无可厚非3．你的看法T o Curb ExpenditurePart ⅡReading Comprehension (Skimming and Scanning)Directions:In this part, you will have 15 minutes to go over the passage quickly and answer the questions on Answer Sheet 1. For questions 1-7, choose the best answer from the four choices marked [A], [B], [C] and [D]. For questions 8-10, complete the sentences with the information given in the passage.Hydroelectric PowerHydroelectric power is America's leading renewable energy resource. Of all the renewable power sources, it's the most reliable, efficient and economical. Water is needed to run a hydroelectric generating unit. It's held in a reservoir or lake behind a dam, and the force of the water being released from the reservoir through the dam spins the blades of a turbine. The turbine is connected to the generator that produces electricity. After passing through the turbine, the water re-enters the river on the downstream side of the dam.Hydroelectric plants convert the kinetic energy within falling water into electricity. The energy in moving water is produced in the sun, and consequently is continually being renewed. The energy in sunlight evaporates water from the seas and deposits it on land as rain. Land elevation differences result in rainfall runoff, and permit some of the original solar energy to be harnessed as hydroelectric power. Hydroelectric power is at present the earth's chief renewable electricity source, generating 6% of global energy and about 15% of worldwide electricity. Hydroelectric power in Canada is plentiful and provides 60% of their electrical requirements. Usually regarded as an inexpensive and clean source of electricity, most big hydroelectric projects being planned today are facing a great deal of hostility from environmental groups and local people.The earliest recorded use of water power was a clock, constructed around 250 BC. Since then, people have used falling water to supply power for grain and saw mills, as well as a host of other uses. The earliest use of flowing water to generate electricity was a waterwheel on the Fox River in Wisconsin in 1882.The first hydroelectric power plants were much more dependable and efficient than the plants of the day that were fired by fossil fuels. This led to a rise in number of small to medium sized hydroelectric generating plants located wherever there was an adequate supply of falling water and a need for electricity. As demand for electricity soared in the middle years of the 20th century, and the effectiveness of coal and oil power plants improved, small hydro plants became less popular. The majority of new hydroelectric developments were focused on giant mega-projects.Hydroelectric plants harness energy by passing flowing water through a turbine. The water turbine rotation is delivered to a generator, which generates electricity. The quantity of electricity that can be produced at a hydroelectric plant relies upon two variables. These variables are (1) the vertical distance that the water falls, called the "head", and (2) the flow rate, calculated as volume over time. The amount of electricity that is produced is thus proportional to the head product and the flow rate.So, hydroelectric power stations can normally be separated into two kinds. The most widespread are "high head" plants and usually employ a dam to stock up water at an increased height. They also store water at times of rain and discharge it during dry times. This results in reliable and consistent electricity generation, capable of meeting demand since flow can be rapidly altered. At times of excess electrical system capacity, usually available at night, these plants can also pump water from one reservoir to another at a greater height. When there is peak electrical demand, the higher reservoir releases water through the turbines to the lower reservoir."Low head" hydroelectric plants usually exploit heads of just a few meters or less. These types of power station use a weir or low dam to channel water, or no dam at all and merely use the river flow. Unfortunately their electricity production capacity fluctuates with seasonal water flow in a river.Around 2003 people believed almost universally that hydroelectric power was an environmentally safe and clean means of generating electricity. Hydroelectric stations do not release any of the usual atmospheric pollutants emitted by power plants fuelled by fossil fuels so they do not add to global warming or acid rain. Nevertheless, recent studies of the larger reservoirs formed behind dams have implied that decomposing flooded vegetation could give off greenhouse gases equal to those from other electricity sources.The clearest result of hydroelectric dams is the flooding of huge areas of land. The reservoirs built can be exceptionally big and they have often flooded the lands of indigenous peoples and destroyed their way of life. Numerous rare ecosystems are also endangered by hydroelectric power plant development.Damming rivers may also change the quantity and quality of water in the rivers below the dams, as well as stopping fish migrating upstream to spawn. In addition, silt, usually taken downstream to the lower parts of a river, is caught by a dam and so the river downstream loses the silt that should fertilize the river's flood plains during high water periods.Theoretical global hydroelectric power is approximately four times larger than the amount that has been taken advantage of today. Most of the residual hydro potential left in the world can be found in African and Asian developing countries. Exploiting this resource would involve an investment of billions of dollars, since hydroelectric plants normally have very high building costs. Low head hydro capacity facilities on small scales will probably increase in the future as low head turbine research, and the standardization of turbine production, reduce the costs of low head hydroelectric power production. New systems of control and improvements in turbines could lead in the future to more electricity created from present facilities. In addition, in the 1950's and 60's when oil and coal prices were very low, lots of smaller hydroelectric plants were closed down. Future increases in the prices of fuel could lead to these places being renovated.1. What proportion of the world's electricity supply is provided by hydroelectric power?[A] 6%. [B] 9%. [C] 15%. [D] 60%.2. A drawback to low head hydroelectric power stations is that they depend on ______ .[A] the solar activity [B] seasonal water flow[C] seasonal wind direction [D] the earth's self rotation3. How far water drops to the turbines in a power station is known as ______ .[A] the heads [B] the flow rate[C] the vertical distance [D] the heights4. How is the flow rate of a hydroelectric power station quantified?[A] The depth of the water. [B] V olume over time.[C] Speed over time. [D] The width of the water.5. When do high head power plants use surplus electricity to transfer water to a second reservoir?[A] In the morning. [B] At noon.[C] In the afternoon. [D] At night.6. What underwater action can lead to the production of pollution similar to that produced by fossil fuel power stations?[A] Mass dying of underwater creature.[B] Recycling of underwater waste products.[C] Decomposing flooded vegetation.[D] Abstracting underwater oil.7. When did hydroelectric power was universally considered as an environmentally safe and clean means of electricity generator?[A] Around 250 BC. [B] In 1982.[C] In the middle .years of 20th century. [D] Until only recently.8. The origin of hydroelectric power is the ______ produced when water obeys the laws of gravity.9. Global hydroelectric power in theory is approximately ______ than the amount that has been taken advantage of today.10. Exploiting hydroelectric power resource can cost billions of dollars, for hydroelectric plants normally have ______ .Part ⅢListening ComprehensionSection ADirections:In this section, you will hear 8 short conversations and 2 long conversations. At the end of each conversation, one or more questions will be asked about what was said. Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once. After each question there will be a pause. During the pause, you must read the four choices marked [A], [B], [C] and [D], and decide which is the best answer, Then mark the correspoading letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.11. [A] He does not have a good hearing. [B] He has been driving madly for a year.[C] He never takes what she says seriously. [D] He is always impatient with her.12. [A] She lost a finger. [B] Someone hit her in the nose.[C] She became a surgical nurse. [D] She had an operation on her nose.13. [A] Attending the party. [B] Visiting some friends.[C] Studying for an exam. [D] Writing a letter of apology.14. [A] Teachers like Prof. Johnson are rare.[B] Prof. Johnson has won a million dollars.[C] There are many teachers as good as Prof. Johnson.[D] Prof. Johnson is likely to be teaching at that school15. [A] The stories probably weren't true.[B] Tom doesn't usually tell funny stories.[C] She's surprised Tom was so serious last night.[D] She wants to know where Tom heard the stories.16. [A] Find a hotel nearby again in a few days.[B] Accommodate his parents in his dormitory.[C] Ask his parents not come until he finds a proper hotel.[D] Phone a hotel farther from the campus for a reservation.17. [A] He is always punctual for his class.[B] He rarely notices which students are late.[C] He wants his students to be on time for class.[D] He doesn't allow his students to tell jokes in class.18. [A] The signing is very necessary. [B] The signing is just a reassurance.[C] The signing is not very necessary. [D] The signing is a way to monitor abuse.Questions 19 to 22 are based on the conversation you have just heard.19. [A] Common causes of anger. [B] Judging people's behavior.[C] Changing people's attitudes. [D] The effects of negative behavior.20. [A] When they're unable to control the person's behavior.[B] When the causes of the behavior are obvious.[C] When the consequences of the behavior are unpleasant.[D] When the behavior is expected.21. [A] It's not always clear why people behave in certain ways.[B] People usually blame others for their mistakes.[C] Certain conditions cause drivers to behave strangely.[D] The reason for some behavior is obvious.22. [A] They usually accept responsibility.[B] They blame factors beyond their control.[C] They complain about their personal problems.[D] They compare their behavior to others'.Questions 23 to 25 are based on the conversation you have just heard.23. [A] The employer and employee. [B] The interviewer and interviewee.[C] The teacher and student. [D] The police officer and driver.24. [A] She didn't yield to children crossing the road.[B] She parked illegally near the school.[C] She exceeded the speed limit.[D] She was drunk-driving.25. [A] The woman gets a ticket. [B] The man arrests the woman.[C] The woman is taken to court. [D] The woman ran away.Section BDirections:In this section, you will hear 3 short passages. At the end of each passage, you will hear some questions. Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked [A], [B], [C] and [D]. Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.Passage OneQuestions 26 to 28 are based on the passage you have just heard.26. [A] His mom's support.[B] His wife's suggestion.[C] His terrible experience in the hotel.[D] His previous business success of various levels.27. [A] Careful, helpful and beautiful. [B] Strict, sensitive and supportive.[C] Modest, helpful, and hard-working. [D] Loving, supportive and strong-willed.28. [A] Self-confidence, hard work, higher education and a poor family.[B] Mom's encouragement, clear goals, self-confidence and hard work.[C] Clear goals, mom's encouragement, a poor family and higher education.[D] Mom's encouragement, a poor family, higher education and opportunities.Passage T woQuestions 29 to 31 are based on the passage you have just heard.29. [A] To make a comparison between Dave and other films.[B] To discuss the Americans' ideas about the President.[C] To tell readers about the American government.[D] To introduce a new film to the reader.30. [A] Sigourney Weaver. [B] Bill Mitchell.[C] Kevin Kline. [D] Ivan Reitman.31. [A] The author makes fun of the President.[B] The author thinks highly of the film.[C] The author is a fan of Hollywood comedies.[D] The author wishes to become the American President.Passage ThreeQuestions 32 to 35 are based on the passage you have just heard.32. [A] They have lost their identity. [B] Their children speak different languages.[C] Their children are losing their identity. [D] They cannot speak their native language.33. [A] Because she wanted them to respect her.[B] So that they knew they were of Korean origin.[C] Because she didn't want them to speak English.[D] So that they would be more successful in the U. S.34. [A] Because they behaved quite differently.[B] Because they had never been there before.[C] Because they had different facial appearance.[D] Because they couldn't understand the language.35. [A] Because it gives them self-confidence and better chance.[B] Because it makes the second generation love their motherland.[C] Because it helps the second generation to understand their parents.[D] Because it strengthens the family ties and reminds them of their identity.Section CDirections:In this section, you will hear a passage three times. When the passage is read for the first time, you should listen carefully for its general idea. When the passage is read for the second time, you are required to fill in the blanks numbered from 36 to 43 with the exact words you have just heard. For blanks numbered from 44 to 46 you are required to fill in the missing information. For these blanks, you can either use the exact words you have just heard or write down the main points in your own words. Finally, when the passage is read for the third time, you should check what you have written.Ironically, in the United States, a country of immigrants, prejudice and discrimination continue to be serious problems. There was often tension between each established group of immigrants and each (36) group. As each group became more (37) successful, and more powerful, they excluded newcomers from full participation in the society. Prejudice and discrimination are part of American history; however, this prejudicial treatment of different groups is nowhere more (38) than with black Americans.Blacks had (39) disadvantages. For the most part, they came to the land of opportunity as slaves and they were not free to keep their heritage and cultural (40) Unlike most European immigrants, blacks did not have the protection of a support group. They could not mix easily with the (41) society either because of their skin color. It was difficult for them to adapt to the American culture. Even after they became free people, they still (42) discrimination in employment, housing and education.Until the twentieth century, the (43) of the black population lived in the southern part of the United States. Then there was a population shift to the large cities in the North. Prejudice against blacks is often associated with the South.(44) .Because their neighborhoods are segregated, many blacks feel that educational opportunities are not adequate for their children. (45) . Naturally, all parents want the best possible education for their children.(46) . Time will be the real solution to the problem of race.Part ⅣReading Comprehension (Reading in Depth)Section ADirections: In this section, there is a short passage with 5 questions or incomplete statements. Read the passage carefully. Then answer the questions or complete the statements in the fewest possible words. Please write your answers on Answer Sheet 2.President Coolidge's statement, "The business of America is business", still points to an important truth today —that business institutions are of more concern in American society than any other kind of organization, including the government. Why do business institutions possess this great prestige? One reason is that Americansview business as being more firmly based on the ideal of competition than other institutions in society. Since competition is seen as the major source of progress and prosperity by Americans, competitive business institutions are respected. Competition is not only good in itself, it is the means by which other basic American values such as individual freedom, equality of opportunity, and hard work are protected.Competition protects the freedom of the individual by ensuring that there is no monopoly (垄断) of power. In contrast to one, all powerful government, many businesses compete against each other for profits. Theoretically, if one business tries to take unfair advantage of its customers, it will lose to competing business which treats its customers more fairly. Where many businesses compete for the customers' dollar, they cannot afford to treat them like inferiors or slaves.A contrast is often made between business, which is competitive, and government, which is a monopoly. Because business is competitive, many Americans believe that it is more supportive of freedom than government, even though government leaders are elected by the people and business leaders are not. Many Americans believe, then, that competition is as important, or even more important, that democracy in preserving freedom.Competition in business is also believed to strengthen the idea of equality of opportunity. Competition is seen as an open and fair race where success goes to the swiftest person regardless of his or her social class background. Competitive success is commonly seen as the American alternative to social rank based on family background. Business is therefore viewed as an expression of the idea of equality of opportunity rather than the aristocratic (贵族的) idea of inherited privilege.47. By stating "The business of America is business" President Coolidge suggests that business is of ______ to Americans.48. By what way do Americans believe that they can realize their personal values?49. According to the author, both ______ can benefit from business competition.50. Government is believed to differ strikingly from business in that government is characterized by its ______ .51. According to the author, in many countries success often depends on one's ______ .Section BDirections:There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked [A], [B], [C] and [D]. You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.Passage OneMost people don't enjoy facing the difficult situations that sometimes occur with coworkers in the workplace. Such situations may arise from honest disagreements over design or engineering issues, personnel or benefits matters, management decisions or actions, or from any other situation where human impressions and objectives differ.There could be double trouble for engineers who are more likely to feel at home with electrons and bytes (信息组), and behave in highly predictable ways, than with coworkers, who often appear arbitrary and unpredictable. For those of us who have internalized the strict and measurable rules of the physical world, dealing with other people can be both disappointing and frustrating.Y et how you manage situations of conflict with your coworkers could have a significant impact on your career, often even more than your engineering prowess or your design skills. Those who deal successfully with potential conflicts are far more likely to receive added responsibilities and promotions, in addition to the pay increases and respect that come with them. On the other hand, not dealing successfully with conflict can potentially relegate you to a career, backwater, with technical challenges and high pay passing you by.Why is dealing with conflict an important skill today? It's primarily because there's more of it now than in the past. Workers Of all types are more likely to speak up for their own ideas or actions, rather than follow the dictating corporate chain of command. Conflict also sometimes arises as a result of unclear company goals, orwhen those goals aren't shared equally by all. Rather than working for a single common good, employees and managers seek individual goals, such as promotion, job security, experience, money, and even the proverbial free lunch.Not only is actual conflict greater today, but even the potential for interpersonal conflicts in the workplace is far greater than at any time in the past. One reason for this is increased time-to-market pressures. The need to rapidly make decisions, establish an engineering direction, and meet project milestones adds elements of tension and stress to an already difficult endeavor.This makes the workplace a potential minefield for interpersonal conflict. It's especially apparent to an engineer in a position of responsibility, like a project leader or an engineering manager. For an engineer who must work with others to complete a project, the need to manage conflict can spell the difference between success and failure.52. Which of the following statements is true according to the passage?[A] Minefields are becoming common in the workplace.[B] Workplace conflict can arise from honest disagreements.[C] Workers today are less equipped to deal with workplace conflict.[D] Companies are finding new ways to deal with workplace conflict.53. According to the author, dealing with interpersonal conflict in the workplace ______ .[A] can be more difficult for engineers[B] is the key to success in the workplace[C] leads to the development of effective relationships[D] prevents workers from working for the common good54. The word "relegate" (Line 5, Para. 3) most probably means "______".[A] delegate [B] invigorate [C] reduce [D] undermine55. Failure to effectively deal with interpersonal conflict in the workplace could ______ .[A] lead to getting fired[B] force you to move to the wilderness[C] stall the development of a person's career[D] prevent a person from enjoying his or her job56. Interpersonal conflict in the workplace is ______ .[A] the bane of all managers [B] the proverbial free lunch[C] an effective management tool [D] more common today than in the pastPassage T woA controversy erupted in the scientific community in early 1998 over the use of DNA (deoxyribonuc leic acid) fingerprinting in criminal investigations. DNA fingerprinting was introduced in 1987 as a method to identify individuals based on a pattern seen in their DNA, the molecule of which genes are made. DNA is present in every cell of the body except red blood cells. DNA fingerprinting has been used successfully in various ways, such as to determine paternity (父亲的身份) where it is not clear who the father of a particular child is. However, it is in the area of criminal investigations that DNA fingerprint ing has potentially powerful and controversial uses.DNA fingerprinting and other DNA analysis techniques have revolutionized criminal investigations by giving investigators powerful new tools in the attempt to prove guilt, not just establish innocence. When used in criminal investigations, a DNA fingerprint pattern from a suspect is compared with a DNA fingerprint pattern obtained from such material as hairs or blood found at the scene of a crime. A match between the two DNA samples can be used as evidence to convict a suspect.The controversy in 1998 stemmed from a report published in December 1991 by population geneticists Richard C. Lewontin of Harvard University in Cambridge, Mass, and Daniel L. Hartl of Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, Mo. Lewontin and Hartl called into question the methods to calculate how likelyit is that a match between two DNA fingerprints might occur by chance alone. In particular, they argued that the current method Cannot properly determine the likelihood that two DNA samples will match because they came from the same individual rather than simply from two different individuals who are members of the same ethnic group. Lewontin and Hartl called for better surveys of DNA patterns.In response to their criticisms, population geneticists Ranajit Chakraborty of the University of Texas in Dallas and Kenneth K. Kidd of Y ale University in New Haven, Conn. , argued that enough data are already available to show that the methods currently being used are adequate. In January 1998, however, the Federal Bureau of investigation and laboratories that conduct DNA tests announced that they would collect additional DNA samples from various ethnic groups in an attempt to resolve some of these questions. And, in April, the National Academy of Sciences called for strict standards and system of accreditation (鉴定合格) for DNA testing laboratories.57. Before DNA fingerprinting is used, suspects ______ .[A] would have to leave their fingerprints for further investigations[B] could easily escape conviction of guilt[C] would have to submit evidence for their innocence[D] could be convicted of guilt as well58. According to the passage, DNA fingerprinting can be unreliable when ______ .[A] the methods used of blood cell calculation are not accurate[B] two different individuals of the same ethnic group may have the same DNA fingerprinting pattern[C] a match is by chance left with fingerprints that happen to belong to two different individuals[D] two different individuals leave two DNA samples59. To geneticists like Lewontin and Hartl, the current method ______.[A] is not so convincing as to exclude the likelihood that two DNA samples can never come from two individuals[B] is beyond dispute because two individuals of the same ethnic group are likely to have the same DNA pattern[C] is not based on adequate scientific theory of genetics[D] is theoretically contradictory to what they have been studying60. The attitude of the Federal Bureau of Investigation shows that ______.[A] enough data are yet to be collected from various ethnic groups to confirm the unlikelihood of two DNA samples coming from two individual members[B] enough data of DNA samples should be collected to confirm that only DNA samples from the same person can match[C] enough data are yet to be collected from various ethnic groups to determine the likelihood of two different DNA samples coming from the same person[D] additional samples from various ethnic groups should be collected to determine that two DNA samples are unlikely to come from the same person61. The National Academy of Sciences holds the stance that ______ .[A] DNA testing should be systematized[B] only authorized laboratories can conduct DNA testing[C] the academy only is authorized to work out standards for testing[D] the academy has the right to accredit laboratories for DNA testingPart ⅤError CorrectionDirections:This part consists of a short passage. In this passage, there are altogether 10 mistakes, one in each numbered line. You may have to change a word, add a word or delete a word. Mark out the mistakes and put the corrections in the blanks provided. If you change a word, cross it out and write the correct word in the。

2010年12月英语六级考试预测试题及答案（五）Part I Writing (30 minutes)Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition on the topic: Precious Water. You should write at least 150 words following the outline given below:1. 举例说明水对人类的重要性2. 举例说明我国所面临的水资源问题3. 为了生存和发展人们要……Precious WaterPart II Reading Comprehension (Skimming and Scanning) (15 minutes)Directions: In this part, you will have 15 minutes to go over the passage quickly and answer the questions on Answer Sheet 1. For questions 1-7, choose the best answer from the four choices marked A),B),C) and D). For question 8-10, complete the sentences with the information given in the passage.Pollution: A Life and Death IssueOne of the main themes of Planet under Pressure is the way many of the Earth's environmental crises reinforce one another. Pollution is an obvious example-we do not have the option of growing food, or finding enough water, on a squeaky-clean planet, but on one increasingly tarnished and trashed by the way we have used it so far.Cutting waste and clearing up pollution cost money. Yet time and again it is the quest for wealth that generates much of the mess is the first place. Living in a way that is less damaging to the Earth is not easy, but it is vital, because pollution is pervasive and often life-threatening.Air: the World Health Organization (WHO) says three million people are killed worldwide by outdoor air pollution annually from vehicles and industrial emissions, and 1.6 million indoors through using solid fuel. Most are in poor countries.Water: diseases carried in water are responsible for 80% of illnesses and deaths in developing countries, killing a child every eight seconds. Each year 2.1 million people die from diarrhoeal (痢疾的) diseases associated with poor water.Soil: contaminated land is a problem in industrialized countries, where former factories and power stations can leave waste like heavy metals in the soil. It can also occur in developing countries, sometimes used for dumping pesticides. Agriculture can pollute land with pesticides, nitrate-rich fertilizers and slurry from livestock. And when the contamination reaches rivers it damages life there, and can even create dead zones off the coast, as in the Gulf of Mexico.Chronic ProblemChemicals are a frequent pollutant. When we think of chemical contamination it is often images of events like Bhopal that come to mind. But the problem is widespread. One study says 7～20% of cancers are attributable to poor air and pollution in homes and workplaces. The WHO, concerned about chemicals that persist and build up in the body,especially in the young, says we may "be conducting a large-scale experiment with children's health".Some man-made chemicals, endocrine (内分泌) disruptors like phthalates (酞酸盐) and nonylphenol-a breakdown product of spermicides (杀精子剂), cosmetics and detergents-are blamed for causing changes in the genitals of some animals. Affected species include polar bears-so not even the Arctic is immune. And the chemicals climb the food chain, from fish to mammals, and to us.About 70,000 chemicals are on the market, with around 1,500 new ones appearing annually. At least 30,000 are thought never to have been comprehensively tested for their possible risks to people.At first glance, the plastic buckets stacked in the corner of the environmental NGO office look like any others. But the containers are an unlikely weapon in one poor community's fight against oil companies which they say are responsible for widespreadill-health caused by years of pollution. The vessels are used by a network of local volunteers, known as the Bucket Brigade, to gather air samples in neighborhoods bordering oil refineries, as part of a campaign to monitor and document air pollution which they believe is coming from the plants.In South Africa, as in many developing and newly industrialized countries, legislation on air pollution has failed to keep pace with mushrooming industries. So local residents, like many in poor communities around the globe, have faced the problem of investigating their claim that industries on their doorsteps are making them sick.Trade-offBut the snag is that modern society demands many of them, and some are essential for survival. So while we invoke the precautionary principle, which always recommends erring on the side of caution, we have to recognize there will be trade-offs to be made.The pesticide DDT does great damage to wildlife and can affect the human nervous system, but can also be effective against malaria (疟疾). Where does the priority lie?The industrialized world has not yet cleaned up the mess it created, but it is reaping the benefits of the pollution it has caused. It can hardly tell the developing countries that they have no right to follow suit.Another complication in tackling pollution is that it does not respect political frontiers. There is a U.N. convention on trans-boundary air pollution, but that cannot cover every problem that can arise between neighbors, or between states which do not share a border. Perhaps the best example is climate change-the countries of the world share one atmosphere, and what one does can affect everyone.For One and All.One of the principles that are supposed to apply here is simple-the polluter pays. Sometimes it is obvious who is to blame and who must pay the price, but it is not always straightforward to work out just who is the polluter, or whether the rest of us would be happy to pay the price of stopping the pollution.One way of cleaning up after ourselves would be to throw less away, designing products to be recycled or even just to last longer.Previous generations worked on the assumption that discarding our waste was a proper way to get rid of it, so we used to dump nuclear materials and other potential hazards at sea, confident they would be dispersed in the depths.We now think that is too risky because, as one author wrote, "there's no such place as 'away', and there's no such person as the 'other'."Irritating AirDespite recent improvements, however, the health problems are still there. A 2002 medical study, carried out by Durban's Nelson Mandela School of Medicine and a U.S. university, found that an abnormally high 52% of students and teachers at a primary school bordering the Engen plant suffered from asthma (哮喘). It found that increases in air pollution tended to aggravate asthma symptoms in children.The petrol producers do not dispute the findings but argue that researchers were unable to establish a causal link between air pollution and the high prevalence of asthma among the school population.For the community, the next step is to take legal action. But, according to internationally recognized environmentalist Bobby Peek, targeting the companies would be difficult as it would be near-impossible to prove that illnesses suffered were caused by pollution coming from a particular plant.Mr. Peek, who grew up beneath Engen's stacks, says the activists are now considering taking action against the authorities. "We are now looking at suing the government on constitutional grounds, for failing to ensure our right to protection from a harmful environment as stipulated in the constitution," he said.Legislative ChangeA new batch (批) of environmental laws, the National Air Quality Management Act, has just been passed by the South African parliament to replace outdated 1965 legislation with tighter controls and tougher sanctions.Martinus van Schalkwyk, the minister of environmental affairs and tourism, visited the south Durban basin earlier this year and said there were measures in place to improve the situation. "I share the anger and frustration of this community. It is long overdue," he told the South African Broadcasting Corporation.The local authorities have also established a "Multi-Point Plan" for the area. They say it is a powerful model for tackling pollution and points to a 40% reduction in sulphur dioxide emissions in recent years.1. According to World Health Organization, how many people are killed by outdoor air pollution?[A] 3 million[B] 2.1 million[C] 1.6 million[D] 3.2 million2. Land can be polluted by ________ from agriculture.[A] heavy metals[B] pesticides and nitrate-poor fertilizers[C] slurry from livestock[D] rubbish3. What kind of animal affected by man-made chemicals is not referred in the passage?[A] Polar bears.[B] Mammals.[C] People.[D] Birds.4. What do local residents claim for?[A] They are sick because of years of pollution.[B] They are sick because of industries on their doorsteps.[C] They are sick because of pesticides from agriculture.[D] They are sick because of air pollution.5. The pesticide DDT can be effective against ________.[A] malaria[B] wildlife[C] animals[D] human nervous system6. There is a U.N. convention that can cover ________.[A] problem between neighbors[B] problem between states which do not share a border[C] problems on air pollution[D] trans-boundary air pollution7. What is not said to be a way of cleaning up after ourselves?[A] Throw less away.[B] Design recycled products.[C] Don't use it again.[D] Last longer.8. It found that increases in air pollution tended to ________________________.9. According to Bobby Peek, targeting the companies would be difficult as it would be near-impossible to prove that illnesses suffered were caused by________________________.10. Martinus van Schalkwyk, the minister of environmental affairs and tourism, visited the south Durban basin earlier this year and said there were measures in place to________________________.Part III Listening Comprehension (35 minutes)Section ADirections: In this section, you will hear 8 short conversations and 2 long conversations. At the end of each conversation, one or more questions will be asked about what was said. Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once. After each question there will be a pause. During the pause, you must read the four choices marked [A],[B],[C] and [D], and decide which is the best answer. Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the center.11. [A] Mary is worthy of the prize.[B] Mary has granted the prize.[C] Mary fails in the speech contest.[D] The man doesn't think Mary deserves the prize.12. [A] Driving a car.[B] Taking a taxi.[C] Taking a train.[D] Going by subway.13. [A] He dislikes museums and galleries.[B] He does not care about the weather.[C] Going to the beach is the best choice.[D] He doesn't want to go to Washington.14. [A] She wants to live in the suburbs.[B] She is offended by her naughty children.[C] She disagrees with father.[D] She turns a deaf ear to her husband's words.15. [A] Call her after five.[B] Make calls from her phone.[C] Go to the meeting with her.[D] Fix his phone.16. [A] Husband and wife.[B] Teacher and student.[C] Policeman and driver.[D] Mother and son.17. [A] At the library.[B] At the airport.[C] At the post office.[D] At the teacher's office.18. [A] He is good at drawing pictures.[B] He likes pictures very much.[C] He likes visiting the art museum very much.[D] He thinks the art museum is a very quiet place.Questions 19 to 22 are based on the conversation you have just heard.19. [A] An alien spacecraft landing.[B] The impact of a meteorite.[C] A volcanic eruption.[D] The blizzard conditions is Alaska.20. [A] Seeing a falling round object.[B] Hearing a bird-like sound.[C] Observing a bright light.[D] Witnessing the impact.21. [A] The dinosaurs went extinct.[B] A number of meteorites crashed into Earth.[C] Some animal species evolved.[D] Some plants went extinct.22. [A] Discovering new life in space.[B] Studying meteorites.[C] Plotting the courses of asteroids.[D] Developing radar telescopes.Questions 23 to 25 are based on the conversation you have just heard.23. [A] It offers really good coffee.[B] It has live music every Saturday night.[C] It's near the theater.[D] You can see a movie there.24. [A] It's overpriced.[B] It makes people crazy.[C] It's different from other coffee houses' coffee.[D] All the coffee is from Brazil.25. [A] They are shopping.[B] They are jogging.[C] They are seeing a movie.[D] They are drinking coffee.Section BDirections: In this section, you will hear 3 short passages. At the end of each passage, you will hear some questions. Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked [A],[B],[C] and [D]. Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the center.Passage OneQuestions 26 to 29 are based on the passage you have just heard.26. [A] They are leading in the game.[B] The score is really close.[C] The Dream Team is way behind.[D] They win the game.27. [A] It's made up of professional athletes.[B] It's made up of college players.[C] It's made up of both professional and college players.[D] It's made up of young athletes.28. [A] He was injured in a fight and had to leave the game.[B] He fought with another player.[C] He got in a fight with a fan and was thrown out of the game.[D] He led his team to success.29. [A] They drank a special beverage made from Japanese herbs.[B] They had uncooked fish the night before the game.[C] They had a massage from head to foot to relax their muscles.[D] Some players were injured before the game.Passage TwoQuestions 30 to 32 are based on the passage you have just heard.30. [A] The weather will be clear and fine.[B] Rain will probably come.[C] There will be a fog.[D] Fine weather will continue.31. [A] The following day will be fine.[B] Fine weather will continue.[C] Rainy weather will probably come.[D] The rain will stop.32. [A] By studying the signs around them with eyes and brains.[B] By changing the weather.[C] By controlling the weather.[D] By listening to others' advice.Passage ThreeQuestions 33 to 35 are based on the passage you have just heard.33. [A] To develop a savings plan.[B] To set up a bank account.[C] To set clear investing goals.[D] To work out the budget.34. [A] A wide selection of investments.[B] A limited range of stocks.[C] A group of low risk bonds and cash.[D] A variety of funds.35. [A] Because the market has both up and down years.[B] Because you can get bigger guaranteed returns.[C] Because 30% returns can be achieved with the right stocks.[D] Because you have to weather the storm.Section CDirections: In this section, you will hear a passage three times. When the passage is read for the first time, you should listen carefully for its general idea. When the passage is read for the second time, you are required to fill in the blanks numbered from 36 to 43 with the exact words you have just heard. For blanks numbered from 44 to 46 you are required to fill in the missing information. For these blanks, you can either use the exact words you have just heard or write down the main points in your own words. Finally, when the passage is read for the third time, you should check what you have written.A few years ago it was (36) ________ to speak of a generation gap, a division between young people and their elders. Parents (37) ________ that children did not show them proper respect and (38) ________, while children complained that their parents did not understand them at all. What had gone wrong? Why had the generation gap suddenly appeared? (39) ________, the generation gap has been around for a long time. Many (40) ________ argue that it is built into the fabric of our society.One important cause of the generation gap is the (41) ________ that young people have to choose their own life styles. In more (42) ________ societies, when children grow up, they are expected to live in the same area as their parents, to marry people that their parents know and (43) ________ of, and often to continue the family occupation. In oursociety, young people often travel great distances for their education, move out of the family home at an early age, marry or live with (44) ________________________.In our upwardly mobile society, parents often expect their children to do better than they did: to make more money, and to do all the things that they were unable to do. Often, however, (45) ________________________. Often, they discover that they have very little in common with each other.Finally, the speed at which changes take place in our society is another cause of the gap between the generations. In a traditional culture, (46) ________________________. The young and the old seem to live in two very different worlds, separated by different skills and abilities.Part IV Reading Comprehension (Reading in Depth) (25 minutes)Section ADirections: In this section, there is a short passage with 5 questions or incomplete statements. Read the passage carefully. Then answer the questions or complete the statements in the fewest possible words on Answer Sheet 2.Questions 47 to 51 are based on the following passage.The bacteria that cause a common food-borne illness show low drug resistance in Australia, unlike similar strains from the United States and Europe, a study has found. Scientists behind the finding say Australia's de facto ban on certain antibiotics in poultry (家禽) and other livestock helps explain why.In the study, researchers analyzed samples of Campylobacter jejuni (空肠弯曲杆菌) bacteria from 585 patients in five Australian states.Scientists found that only 2 percent of the samples were resistant to ciprofloxacin (环丙沙星), one of the group of antibiotics known as fluoroquinolonones. By contrast, 18 percent of Campylobacter (弧形杆菌) samples in U.S. patients are immune to fluoroquinolonones, which have been used in the U.S. to prevent or treat respiratory (呼吸的) disease in poultry for a decade.The study, led by Leanne Unicomb, a graduate student at Australian National University in Canberra, was published in the May issue of the journal Clinical Infectious Diseases."The findings add to the growing body of evidence suggestive of the problems of using fluoroquinolonones in food-producing animals," Unicomb wrote in an email.Campylobacter is the most common food-borne disease in the U.S. and many other industrialized countries.People can contract the pathogen (病原体) by consuming undercooked poultry or meat, raw milk, or contaminated (被污染的) water.Symptoms include fever, vomiting, and diarrhea (腹泻). In rare cases, the disease can trigger paralysis or death."In most industrial countries Campylobacter is more commonly reported than Salmonella (沙门氏菌), a better-known cause of food poisoning," Unicomb said."The number of cases of Campylobacter has been on the rise in Australia since the early 90's."In the U.S., about 1.4 million people contracted Campylobacter infections last year, according to the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) in Atlanta, Georgia.While the infection rate in the U.S. has dropped over the last decade, the bacteria have grown more drug-resistant.According to the CDC, surveys between 1986 and 1990 found no signs of resistance to the antibiotics in U.S. Campylobacter infections. But by 1997, strains resistant to the antibiotics accounted for 12 percent of human cases. In 2001 the figure climbed to 18 percent.Public health experts say many factors contribute to Campylobacter's drug resistance; the widespread use of fluoroquinolonones by U.S. poultry farmers over the past decade is one of them.Fluoroquinolones were first approved for use in humans by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) in 1986. In 1995 the FDA granted poultry farmers permission to the use the drugs in livestock. Last year the FDA banned the antibiotic from food-producing animals, citing the concerns raised by public health experts over drug-resistant bacteria.Frederick Angulo, an epidemiologist with the CDC, monitors the drug resistance of food-borne pathogens in the U.S. food supply. "The people who are most likely to get infected with food-borne diseases include the most vulnerable people in thepopulation-infants and young children and also the elderly," he said. He says thatCampylobacter infections are entirely preventable, as is the bacteria's antibiotic resistance. "In many ways what's occurring with Campylobacter is an indicator for a broader issue, which is...antibiotic-resistant bacteria in the food supply," he said.47. Why do food-borne pathogens in Australia show low drug resistance?48. In many industrialized countries, the most common food-borne disease is________.49. The food-borne disease may cause fever, vomiting, diarrhea and even ________.50. The FDA banned the use of antibiotic from food-producing animals because public healthexperts were concerned about ________.51. What does Angulo say about the bacteria's antibiotic resistance?Section BDirections: There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked [A],[B],[C] and [D]. You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the center.Passage OneQuestions 52 to 56 are based on the following passage.At some time in your life, you may have a strong desire to do something strange or terrible. However, chances are that you don't act on your impulse, but let it pass instead. You know that to commit the action is wrong in some way and that other people will not accept your behavior.Perhaps the most interesting thing about the phenomenon of taboo behavior is how it can change over the years within the same society, how certain behavior and attitude once considered taboo can become perfectly acceptable and natural at another point in time. Topics such as death, for example, were once considered so upsetting and unpleasant that it was a taboo to even talk about them. Now with the publication of important books such as On Death and Dying and Learning to Say Goodbye, people have become more aware of the importance of expressing feelings about death and, as a result, are more willing to talk about this taboo subject.One of the newest taboos in American society is the topic of fat. Unlike many other taboos, fat is a topic that Americans talk about constantly. It's not taboo to talk about fat; it's taboo to be fat. The "in" look is thin, not fat. In the work world, most companies prefer youthful-looking, trim executives to sell their images as well as their products to the public. The thin look is associated with youth, vigor, and success. The fat person, on the other hand, is thought of as lazy and lacking in energy, self-discipline, and self-respect. In an image-conscious society like the U.S., thin is "in", fat is "out".It's not surprising, then, that millions of Americans have been obsessed with staying slim and "in shape". The pursuit of a youthful physical appearance is not, however, the sole reason for Americans' fascination with diet and exercise. Recent research has shown the critical importance of diet and exercise for personal health. As in most technologicallydeveloped nations, the life style of North Americans has changed dramatically during the course of the last century. Modern machines do all the physical labor that people were once forced to do by hand. Cars and buses transport us quickly from point to point. As a result of inactivity and disuse, people's bodies can easily become weak and vulnerable to disease. In an effort to avoid such a fate, millions of Americans are spending more of their time exercising.52. From the passage we can infer taboo is ________.[A] a strong desire to do something strange or terrible[B] a crime committed on impulse[C] behavior considered unacceptable in society's eyes[D] an unfavorable impression left on other people53. Based on the ideas presented in the passage we can conclude "being fat"________ in American society.[A] will always remain a taboo[B] is not considered as a taboo by most people[C] has long been a taboo[D] may no longer be a taboo someday54. The topic of fat is ________ many other taboo subjects.[A] the same as[B] different from[C] more popular than[D] less often talked about than55. What does "thin is 'in', and fat is 'out'" mean?[A] Thin is "inside", and fat is "outside".[B] Thin is "diligent", and fat is "lazy".[C] Thin is "youthful", and fat is "spiritless".[D] Thin is "fashionable", and fat is "unfashionable".56. Apart from this new understanding of the correlation between health and exercise, the main reason the passage gives for why so many Americans are exercising regularly is ________.[A] their changed life style[B] their eagerness to stay thin and youthful[C] their appreciation of the importance of exercise[D] the encouragement they have received from their companiesPassage TwoQuestions 57 to 61 are based on the following passage.We can begin our discussion of "population as global issue" with what most persons mean when they discuss "the population problem": too many people on earth and a too rapid increase in the number added each year. The facts are not in dispute; it was quite right to employ the analogy that likened demographic growth to "a long, thin powder fuse that burns steadily and haltingly until it finally reaches the charge and explodes".To understand the current situation, which is characterized by rapid increases in population, it is necessary to understand the history of population trends. Rapid growth is a comparatively recent phenomenon. Looking back at the 8,000 years of demographic history, we find that populations have been virtually stable or growing very slightly for most of human history. For most of our ancestors, life was hard, often nasty, and very short. There was high fertility in most places, but this was usually balanced by high mortality. For most of human history, it was seldom the case that one in ten persons would live past forty, while infancy and childhood were especially risky periods. Often, societies were in clear danger of extinction because death rates could exceed their birthrates. Thus, the population problem throughout most of history was how to prevent extinction of the human race.This pattern is important to notice. Not only does it put the current problems of demographic growth into a historical perspective, but it suggests that the cause of rapid increase in population in recent years is not a sudden enthusiasm for more children, but an improvement in the conditions that traditionally have caused high mortality.Demographic history can be divided into two major periods: a time of long, slow growth which extended from about 8000 B.C. till approximately 1650 A.D. In the first period of some 9,600 years, the population increased from some 8million to 500 million in。

（2023年）云南省昆明市大学英语6级大学英语六级测试卷(含答案) 学校:________ 班级:________ 姓名:________ 考号:________一、1.Writing(10题)1. For this part, you are allowed thirty minutes to write a composition on the topic "Rechoice of Professions—A Social Problem". You should write at least 150 words and you should base your composition on the outline given in Chinese below.1. 下岗人员(laid-off personnel)面临一个严肃的问题：再就业。

2. 下岗人员要改变就业观念，树立坚强信心，重新就业。

3. 人们要关心、帮助下岗人员，克服困难，争取胜利。

2. Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay entitled On the Importance of Environmental Protection. You should write at least 150 words following the outline given below.1. 人类面临的环境问题越来越多，如气候变化、环境污染、生态失衡等问题2．但许多人仍然不懂得去保护环境3．我的看法On the Importance of Environmental Protection3. For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition on the topic My Viewpoint on Unemployment of College Graduates. You should write at least 150 words according to the suggestions given below in Chinese:1. 大学生失业已经成为严重的社会问题2. 大学生失业的原因3. 提出自己对这个现象的看法和认为可行的解决途径My Viewpoint on Unemployment of College Graduates4. Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay entitled My View on Campus Violence. You should write at least 150 words following the outline given below:1. 近来不断有大学校园暴力事件发生2. 产生这力事件的原因3. 我的看法My View on Campus Violence5. Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a resume. You should write at least 150 words following the outline given below:假设你是李明——一名应届毕业生，在报纸上看到一则招聘广告，你想要到登广告的公司供职，请给该公司写一封求职信，内容应简要介绍自己的情况以及自己的经历等。

大学英语六级模拟试卷530(题后含答案及解析)题型有：1. Writing 2. Reading Comprehension (Skimming and Scanning) 3. Listening Comprehension 4. Reading Comprehension (Reading in Depth) 5. Cloze 8. TranslationPart I Writing (30 minutes)1．For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay on the topic of Students’ Starting Their Own Businesses. You should write at least 150 words according to the outline given below.目前有不少大学生开始创业1．对此不少人给予了肯定2．也有人有不同的看法3．我认为…Students’Starting Their Own Businesses正确答案：Students’Starting Their Own Businesses Many college students are now seeing self-employment as the more attractive option as the jobs market continues to be competitive. To some people, the idea of being a student entrepreneur is a good one. Being their own boss is a great aspiration for young people and gives them an opportunity to put their theoretical business knowledge into practice. To other people, however, the idea of starting a business as a college student may seem like a radical one. To make it through the start-up phase, young entrepreneurs need plenty of initiative and drive. And to run the business requires constant care and management. Young entrepreneurs may have to endure a heavy workload and a lot of stress but they may not be physically and mentally up to the challenge. As you can see, things are hard for college students these days. It’s expensive to get a degree and even you have one, there is no guarantee that it will mean anything in these job markets. So, wouldn’t it be better to launch your own enterprise? It can help you pay off those expensive years at college, and if it succeeds you have a job guaranteed the moment you graduate.Part II Reading Comprehension (Skimming and Scanning) (15 minutes)Directions: In this part, you will have 15 minutes to go over the passage quickly and answer the questions attached to the passage. For questions 1-4, mark：Y (for YES) if the statement agrees with the information given in the passage;N (for NO) if the statement contradicts the information given in the passage;NG (for NOT GIVEN)if the information is not given in the passage.The End of the Cash Era In the spring Adam Smith will replace Sir Edward Elgar as the face on Britain’s ?20 note. The first economic thinker to be so honored could well be the last. Not because economists are especially undeserving, but because cash, after millennia as one of mankind’s most versatile and enduring technologies, looks set over the next 15 years or so finally to melt away into an electronic stream of ones and zeros. If an era is represented by its money, theinformation age is at hand. Notes and coins are already a small fraction of the money in most rich countries. But going by the number of transactions rather than their value, we still live firmly in a cash society. The European Payments Council estimates that the European Union’s 360 billion cash transactions cost at least ?50 billion a year; others put the bill at ?200 a head. Visa, a huge credit-card alliance, reckons cash accounts for most of the $1.3 trillion spent a year across the world on small-ticket items. Whether queuing to get money out and queuing again to spend it, or breaking a $100 bill with an irate (发怒的) cab driver one minute and having your pockets and purses fat with coins the next, cash is plainly still king. Yet signs of the new order are everywhere. On February 12th, 19 telephone operators with networks in over 100 countries said that people would be able to use their handsets to send money abroad. MasterCard will operate the system in which remittances (汇款) will be sent as text messages. For people without bank accounts, the credit can be converted into pre-paid cards which can then be used to buy things. “It will revolutionize the money-transfer business,”said Sunil Bharti Mittal, boss of Bharti Airtel, one of India’s biggest mobile operators. The idea is to tap into the more than $250 billion a year that immigrants and migrant workers send to relatives and friends back home. Britain’s V odafone and America’s Citigroup are also launching an international money-transfer service developed from the M-PESA remittance service which is already operating successfully within Kenya. Sir John Bond, formerly chairman of the HSBC banking group and now chairman of V odafone, has long been convinced that payments and mobiles would somehow converge. “Mobile phones have the ability to make a dramatic change to village life in Africa,” he says. He also thinks phones loaded with credit will make many of the payments people use cash for in rich economies. For banks with high infrastructure costs, says Sir John, it has always “been hard to make money out of small payments”. But lower-cost business models, some of them from developing countries, are opening up new opportunities. The big attraction of the mobile phone as a purse is that so many people have them —even children. Both MasterCard and Visa have recently introduced plastic cards in America that do not have to be swiped for purchases under $25. Later this year a “dual interface” system will be tested in London. It will involve a single plastic card which combines an Oyster for travel, a standard Visa card issued by Britain’s Barclays Bank for “chip and PEST” payments and a new “wave and pay”Visa for instant transactions up to ? 10. Nobody can be sure how fast bits and bytes will drive out metal and paper. A hundred years ago you could still pay your taxes in Uganda in cowrie shells. Perhaps hard cash will always find a niche, tucked away in children’s birthday cards and as money for the unbanked and phoneless. But most of the time a phone or a smart card that can be waved over an electronic reader will beat notes and coins hands-down. The doubt —and the remaining obstacle to digital money —concerns a third property of cash: its anonymity. Gresham’s law vs Moore’s law Rendering cash as pure information is the final denial of the notion that money has intrinsic value: what was once a carefully weighed piece of gold, silver or bronze has become simply a token. That is a hard-won truth. As John Maynard Keynes once lamented, when it appears governments are able to deceivetheir citizens by depreciating the currency. Yet when money is minted (铸造) from silicon something remarkable happens. The economics of handling cash —which today involves thick-necked men in crash-helmets —is suddenly embodied by Moore’s law, which has seen the cost of computer-processing power fall by half every 18 months or so. Electronic information is instantaneous, weightless and exact. No longer the miserable fumbling through coat pockets while a line of waiting customers quietly fumes. Shopkeepers can do away with expensive cash floats and elaborate ruses to stop cash fraud —such as charging $4.99 so that the $5 bill most people hand over has to pass through the till (现金出纳机的抽屉) for one cent change rather than being trousered by a shop assistant. Information-money can be handled by any information-processing device. That includes the mobile phone, which can add to money’s utility in that its screen can display information clearly and it can link to your bank as a mobile ATM at any time. Visa thinks a contactless digital transaction takes less than half the time of a cash one and that people liberated from what happens to be in their wallets spend a fifth more. Which is why digital cash is now solving its chicken-and-egg problem. In the past shopkeepers would not install systems unless shoppers had electronic cash. And shoppers would not use electronic cash unless they had something to buy. But smart cards and readers have become cheap and consumers now possess mobile phones in droves. The trillions of payments that are too small to bear the fees of paying by credit card have come within reach and almost everyone stands to gain. Some Japanese merchants have already begun to offer discounts to people using electronic cash. Others will follow. The buck stops here Except there is that nagging question of anonymity. It is well known that privacy has a lot going for it. The firms running payment systems might sell information about what you buy and when. Prepare yourself for a barrage of e-coupons and offers designed to fit your profile and uploaded to your phone. And there are more serious concerns. In the cash world, anonymity can be a cloak for wrong doing. The suspicion clings that where you find anonymity you find drugs, fraud, money laundering, terrorist financing and a huge amount of tax evasion. No wonder governments have long sought to control anonymous financial instruments. The state is certain to limit the amount that can pass through an anonymous card, phone, or other means of business. Eager to collect taxes from builders and nannies, it will also be tempted to monitor electronic-cash payments. Whether it does so is a political question, not a technological one. You can design payment systems that protect against fraud and yet preserve anonymity, just as you can design open systems or those that keep your identity secret unless the authorities demand that it be revealed. When it comes to trading convenience against privacy, most people seem to back convenience every time. With cash, however, it might be different. The more the state intrudes into electronic cash, the more it encourages inefficient notes and coin. From the first slave who bought his freedom, money has been what Dostoyevsky called “coined liberty”. As Adam Smith would no doubt have observed, just because the state can pry into electronic cash does not mean it should.2．Why could Adam Smith be the last economist as the face on a bank note?A．No economic thinker could be more honorable.B．Cash is very versatile and enduring.C．We will not need money in the near future.D．Electronic money will replace cash in the future.正确答案：D解析：第二句中说斯密是第一位出现在纸币上的经济学家，也可能是最后一爪。