从文化角度看英国人名论文答辩

基于英国茶文化为视角下英语语言学中的审美意识探讨论文基于英国茶文化为视角下英语语言学中的审美意识探讨论文摘要：茶文化是中西方文化的桥梁, 也是文化全球化背景下, 中西方贸易往来的纽带, 随着国际间交往的增加, 茶文化的研究热度也随之提高。

英国茶文化在西方茶文化中具有一定代表性, 分析英国茶文化, 可以从中发现英语语言学的特色及其审美思想。

这对于中西方文化交流, 以及贸易往来, 都具有非常积极意义。

本文就以英国茶文化为视角, 对英语语言学中的审美意识进行几点讨论。

关键词：英国茶文化; 英语语言学; 审美意识;引言英国茶文化对英语语言学的影响深远, 英国茶文化属于一种客观存在, 其中的茶文化元素, 通过茶叶、社会生活等载体反映出来。

在茶文化作用于社会群体的同时, 社会群体在思想层面会形成与茶相关的精神品质, 进而对英语语言审美意识产生影响。

从英国茶文化对英语语言审美进行分析, 有助于提升对英语语言的深度了解和认知, 并促进中西方文化与经济交流。

1 英国茶文化的审美意识分析1.1 优雅精致的休闲文化英国茶文化源于充饥解乏的含义, 而从维多利亚时代开始, 下午茶演变成为正式的红茶文化, 将简单的消遣转变为与实用、审美价值相联合的, 兼具茶与舞内涵的社会娱乐方式, 形成了一种优雅而精致的休闲文化。

这种文化不仅是优雅的品茶活动, 更是环境、茶具、礼仪、人文素养等多方面的融合。

在一场优雅的下午茶中, 英式品茶用其环境要求体现着审美的标准, 下午茶的乐趣与自然环境生动的相融, 家庭聚会、好友相聚、茶舞会都在独特的环境中, 体现着茶文化的高雅。

一场优雅的下午茶怎能少的了讲究茶具, 别具一格的茶具配上独特的饮茶文化, 饮茶礼仪配合考究的茶具摆放都彰显着悠久的下午茶文化。

品味一场高雅的英式红茶需要男士穿着燕尾服配高礼帽手拿长柄伞, 女士穿着长跑洋装, 配有戴帽, 用严格的服装礼仪要求彰显饮茶文化的内涵。

英式红茶的'优雅与精致早已成为身份的象征, 参加一场别具特色的下午茶是窈窕淑女与风度绅士社会身份与地位的象征。

英语专业本科论文答辩技巧英语专业本科论文答辩是展示学术能力和掌握的知识的重要环节，同时也是展示个人表达能力和思维逻辑的机会。

在论文答辩中，学生需要准备充分，并运用一些技巧来提高答辩效果。

以下是一些英语专业本科论文答辩的技巧：1.论文内容准备：在开始论文答辩之前，学生应该对自己的论文内容有充分的了解。

要确保自己对论文中的每个方面都有掌握，并能清晰准确地表达出来。

要注意论文内容的层次结构，能够对重要内容进行准确的归纳和总结。

2.答辩提纲准备：在论文答辩之前，学生需要制定一个答辩提纲。

这个提纲应包括论文的主要问题和解决方法、研究背景和意义、研究结果和结论等方面的要点。

提纲的制定有助于整理思路，确保答辩的逻辑性和连贯性。

3.答辩语言准备：在论文答辩中，学生需要使用清晰准确的语言来表达自己。

要注意语速和语调的控制，避免过快或过慢、单调或夸张的情况。

同时，要尽量使用科学术语和专业词汇，以展示自己对学科知识的掌握和理解。

4.答辩态度和自信心：在论文答辩中，学生需要展示出积极正面的态度和充分的自信心。

要保持良好的沟通和互动，主动回答评委的问题，并提出自己的见解和观点。

要展示出对论文研究的自豪感和兴趣，以激发评委的兴趣和好奇心。

5.听取评委意见并回应：在论文答辩中，评委会提出各种问题和观点。

学生需要认真倾听评委的意见，并根据实际情况作出回应。

要保持耐心和礼貌，不要争论或表现出不满。

同时，要注意言辞的委婉和适当，以保持良好的沟通和合作关系。

6.注意时间控制：在论文答辩中，时间控制是非常重要的。

学生需要合理安排答辩的时间，确保对每个问题都有充分的回答。

如果时间不够，可以简明扼要地回答问题并表示愿意进一步交流。

7.强调创新点和贡献：在论文答辩中，学生需要强调自己的研究创新点和实际贡献。

要清晰明确地表达研究的独特性和价值，以引起评委的兴趣和认可。

8.流程控制和逻辑连贯：在论文答辩中，学生需要控制好答辩的流程和逻辑。

要合理组织答辩的内容和次序，确保答辩的逻辑性和连贯性。

英语的论文答辩技巧步骤一、自述〔用英语完成〕：一、先问好，再开头自述，自述时间为510分钟，要简明扼要。

Good morning, all appraises committee members.I am___and my supervisor is___.The title of my paper is____.二、接下来，一般要做一个也许非常钟的presentation在辩论前可从以下角度去考虑预备辩论：1、自己为什么选择这个课题？2、讨论这个课题的意义和目的是什么？3、全文的基本框架、基本结构是如何支配的？4、全文的各部分之间规律关系如何？5、在讨论本课题的过程中，发觉了那些不同见解？对这些不同的看法，自己是怎样逐步熟悉的？又是如何处理的？6、论文虽未论及，但与其较亲密相关的问题还有哪些？7、还有哪些问题自己还没有搞清晰，在论文中论述得不够透彻？8、写作论文时立论的主要根据是什么？对以上问题应认真想一想，必要时要用笔记整理出来，写成发言提纲，在辩论时用。

步骤二、辩论〔用英语完成〕：1、1015分钟。

对于辩论者来说，首先要听清晰问题，假如没有听清，可以要求老师重复问题〔可以说pardon之类的话〕。

回答时首先要看法好，要切题，而且不要保持静默，不会时可以表示愧疚。

2、常见问题：〔1〕关于选题：如Why did you choose this topic for your paper?或Why were you interested in this project?〔2〕关于详细部分：商务方向：SWOT,COSTING,FLOWCHART,RISK,STAKEHOLDER,如Do you think this point a piece of weakness of the shop?或Do you think this a necessary activity for the project?〔3〕关于背景学问及理论学问：如What does SWOT stand for?〔商务〕〔4〕关于论文存在的问题：如In the last sentence on page … there are some grammatical errors.〔5〕关于项目或论文将来的进展：如：商务方向：If possible,will you carry out the project,and if so,do you think it will make profit?3、带一份定稿〔要与老师们持有的论文页码全都〕，最终要向老师们表示感谢。

２０２１年１１月第３７卷第６期高教发展与评估ＨｉｇｈｅｒＥｄｕｃａｔｉｏｎＤｅｖｅｌｏｐｍｅｎｔａｎｄＥｖａｌｕａｔｉｏｎＮｏｖ．，２０２１Ｎｏ．６，Ｖｏｌ．３７ｄｏｉ：１０．３９６３／ｊ．ｉｓｓｎ．１６７２ ８７４２．２０２１．０６．０１０英国博士学位论文答辩及其特点周　川，钟秉林（北京师范大学教育学部高等教育研究院，北京１００８７５） 摘　要：英国博士教育沿袭精英教育传统而注重质量。

以牛津大学和杜伦大学为案例，探讨英国博士学位论文答辩准备和答辩过程的严肃性与规范性。

英国博士学位论文答辩，除了遵循博士学位论文答辩的基本要求外，还具有以下显著特点：答辩前可对答辩人进行辅导，官方组织和邀请教师与同学参加答辩人的模拟答辩；答辩委员会成员人数不多，但整个答辩持续时间较长；答辩人需要根据答辩委员的意见逐条修改论文，相关措施杜绝答辩流于形式。

关键词：英国；博士学位；论文答辩；博士候选人；答辩委员中图分类号：Ｇ６４９ 文献标志码：Ａ 文章编号：１６７２ ８７４２（２０２１）０６ ００９２ ０７基金项目：教育部哲学社会科学研究重大课题攻关项目“社会需求变化与学位授予体系改革前瞻研究”（１５ＪＺＤ０１４）作者简介：周　川，男，高等教育学博士研究生，研究方向为高等教育政策。

钟秉林，男，教授，哲学博士，研究方向为高等教育管理。

英国高等教育历史悠久而独特，早在１１６８年就创办了牛津大学（ＵｎｉｖｅｒｓｉｔｙｏｆＯｘｆｏｒｄ），１２０９年则有剑桥大学（ＵｎｉｖｅｒｓｉｔｙｏｆＣａｍｂｒｉｄｇｅ）。

它们一直坚守着精英教育传统，成为世界名校的杰出代表。

英国博士教育口碑好，这源于其合理的培养制度，包括严格规范的博士学位论文答辩。

杜伦大学（ＤｕｒｈａｍＵｎｉｖｅｒｓｉｔｙ）又翻译成达勒姆大学，也是世界知名大学，综合排名位居英国前十。

牛津大学位处大城市，而杜伦大学则位于英国东北部小城达勒姆。

它们所处位置虽有城市大小之别，但却同为传统学院制的联邦制大学，同属英格兰地区最古老的古典大学和英国公立大学。

浅谈学术史角度下《老人与海》桑提亚哥形象研究海明威的《老人与海》1954 年获诺贝尔文学奖后，立刻引起了全球的轰动和热评。

该作品问世 60 多年来，受到我国作家与批评群体的高度赞誉与评价。

尤其对主人公桑提亚哥形象的研究，已成为这部杰作研究的独特的亮点。

从学术史的角度梳理对桑提亚哥人物形象的诸多评价，为进一步拓展《老人与海》以及海明威的研究，具有重大的现实意义。

文学作品的人物批评，通常有这样几种模式。

一是依据作者的文本，进行"还原式"批评，基本按作者的意图来叙述或阐释，读者的主观创造性和能动性没有得到充分的发挥。

作家怎么说的，他们就怎么解读。

二是读者"反应式"批评，即接受美学所倡导的批评，读者的创造性得以发挥，读者批评是第二次创作，人物形象大于作者文本中的人物形象，流行的说法是"一千个读者一千个哈姆雷特".三是"时代式"人物批评，读者撇开文本，按照主流意识形态的需要而幻化出一种人物形象，人物形象完全失去了文学本真的意义，与原作中的人物相距甚远。

有"画虎不成反成犬"的味道。

国内对《老人与海》中桑提亚哥的批评就体现了上述三种批评模式。

在 20 世纪 60 年代初，我国学者董衡巽对桑提亚哥这一人物就给予了这样的评价： "桑提亚哥作为一个资本主义社会的劳动者，是缺乏真实性、缺乏典型性的。

作者要不告诉我们主人公的职业和身份，我们会毫不犹豫地看出：这是一个在阶级社会里逃避现实的知识分子的形象，一个超人式的英雄。

劳动者只是其外表，内心却是那种不懂得劳动人民疾苦的小资产阶级的孤傲心情。

"显而易见，他这是站在无产阶级的立场，依据时代的需要，对人物给予的阶级定性，并给桑提亚哥贴上了不真实的"劳动者"形象的政治标签，把桑提亚哥说成为资产阶级知识分子的形象。

这样一来，就很容易使他树立起批判的靶子。

英语专业答辩技巧一般要做一个大概十分钟的presentation在答辩前可从以下角度去考虑准备答辩：1、自己为什么选择这个课题？2、研究这个课题的意义和目的是什么？3、全文的基本框架、基本结构是如何安排的？4、全文的各部分之间逻辑关系如何？5、在研究本课题的过程中，发现了那些不同见解？对这些不同的意见，自己是怎样逐步认识的？又是如何处理的？6、论文虽未论及，但与其较密切相关的问题还有哪些？7、还有哪些问题自己还没有搞清楚，在论文中论述得不够透彻？8、写作论文时立论的主要依据是什么？对以上问题应仔细想一想，必要时要用笔记整理出来，写成发言提纲，在答辩时用。

当然是要用英语的，希望可以帮到你1 论文内对容和背景要吃透2、尽可能不看原稿去讲你的工作，而不是背论文3、语言表述准确清晰4、回答问题全面准确5、穿着大方得体一、毕业论文答辩的程序和目的1、在毕业论文答辩时，答辩老师首先要求你简要叙述你的毕业论文的内容。

叙述中要表述清楚你写这篇论文的构思（提纲），论点、论据，论述方式（方法）。

一般约5分钟左右。

答辩老师通过你的叙述，了解你对所写论文的思考过程，考察你的分析和综合归纳能力。

2、第二步，进行现场答辩。

答辩老师向你提出2—3个问题后，做即兴答辩。

其中一个问题一般针对你的论文中涉及的基本概念、基本原理提出问题，考察学生对引用的基本概念基本原理的理解是否准确。

第二个问题，一般针对你的论文中所涉及的某一方面的论点，要求结合工作实际或专业实务进行讲（论）述。

考察你学习的专业基础知识对你实务（实际）工作的联系及帮助，即理论联系实际的能力。

毕业论文答辩的目的，就是检查毕业生是否是认真独立完成的毕业论文，考察毕业生综合分析能力，理论联系实际能力，专业方面的潜在能力。

答辩老师结合毕业生现场答辩情况评定答辩成绩。

二、毕业生如何准备和参加毕业论文答辩1、对自己所写论文要十分熟悉。

当然，通过独立思考，反复推敲，按自己的构思动手写成的论文，你一定是熟悉的。

中国某某某某学校学生毕业设计(论文)题目：Cultural Difference on Translation ofEnglish and Chinese Idioms姓名：0000000班级、学号：000000000000系(部) ：经济管理系专业：商务英语指导教师：000000000开题时间：2008-4-10完成时间：2009-10-282008 年10 月28 日目录课题Cultural Difference on Translation of English and Chinese Idioms一、课题(论文)提纲二、内容摘要三、参考文献Cultural Difference on Translation of English andChinese Idioms0000Abstract:Idioms, having universal appeal, arewidely recognized as the essence or the crystallization of language. Without idioms language would become dull and dry, whereas an appropriate use of them in speech and writing will add much to variety strength and vividness of the language. Idioms usually carry more impact than none-idiomatic expressions because of their close identification with a particular language and culture. Idioms are widely used in almost all kinds of speeches and writings. Idioms hold an important position in language use, an adequate translation of idioms is not only helpful but also essential in interculturalcommunication. This paper attempts to make a brief comparative study of the cultures embodied in Chinese and English idioms from six aspects and explore four practical translating ways and skills from the point of view of keeping the flavor of the English ways idiom as wall as catering for all Chinese readers. Key Words:idioms; cultural difference; translation.0. IntroductionLanguage is inseparable from culture. For one thing. Language is a part of culture and plays an important role in it. For another, as a mirror of culture, Language is strongly influenced and shaped by culture; meanwhile, it reflects culture. Idioms, a particular part of a language and culture of a society ,which including metaphorical phrases, slang, colloquialism proverb allusion, motto and so on, are characterized by their concise expressions rich and vivid, involving geography, history, religious belief and living convention. They are usually highly specialized in meaning and closely tied to distinctive cultural features and cultural attitudes. As far as their underlying cultural information is concerned, some idioms are completely or partial equivalent both in Chinese and in English while some others have nothing in common at all. English and Chinese idioms closely relatedto their own culture, convey different cultural features and messages of their own nation, reflecting, their own culture. There exist vast differences between English and Chinese culture and this different occurs in English and Chinese Idioms, too.1.A few ideas on English and Chinese idioms translationThe word ‚idiom‛ possesses several meanings. It is commonly accepted as a type of multiword expression (red herring, make up, smell a rat, the coast is clear, etc.) Though a few scholars (Hockett 1958; Katz and Postal 1963) accept even single words as idioms. Idioms areconventionalized expressions, conventionalization being the end of initially ad hoc, and in this sense novel,expressions. The meaning of an idioms is not the sun of its constituents, In other word, an idiom is often non-literal.Makkai’s Idiom structure in English, an extended version of his doctoral thesis (1965), reserves the term idiom for units are glossed as ‚any polylexonic lexeme made up of more than one minimal free form or word (as defined by morph tactic criteria)‛ (Makkai 1972 :122). But Strassler gives his own working definition of an idiom: An idiom is aconcatenation of more than one lexeme whose meaning is notderived from the meaning of its constituents and which does not consist of a verb plus an adverbial particle or preposition. The concatenation as such then constitutes a lexeme in its own right and should be entered as such in the lexicon. (ibid: 79) Form the above definitions we can extract two basic criteria on which to decide on which to decide whether or not an expression is an idiom:Firstly, established and refined by long practical use, an idiom has a relatively high degree of stability of the lexical components. An idiom allows little or no variation in form under normal circumstances. In general, any change in the components will result in absurdities or even render the idioms meaningless. A speaker or writer cannot normally do any of the following with an idiom unless he or she is consciously making a joke or attempting play on words:a.Change the order of the words in it (e.g. ‚at sevensand sixes‛ instead of ‚at sixes and sevens‛);b.Delete a word from it (e.g.‚a kettle of fish‛instead of ‚a nice kettle of fish‛);c.Add a word to it(e.g. ‚to show one’s white teeth‛instead of‚to show one’s teeth‛);d.Replace a word with another(even with a synonymousword) (e.g.‚the pear of one’s eye‛ instead of‚the apple of one’s eye‛)e.Change its grammatical structure (e.g.‛ a king maybe looked at by a cat ‛instead of ‚a cat may lookat a king‛)Secondly, an idiom often carries meanings, which cannot be deduced from their individual components. More often than not, it cannot be interpreted only according to its literal meaning. Take the expression ‚to go town‛ for example: It means to act freely, especially by spending a lot of money, as in ‚You certainly seem to have gone to town on the decoration of your house.‛ It also means to do something with enthusiasm and vigor, as in ‚We went to town on the sales campaign.‛ An idiom usually acquires an implied meaning, that is to say, most idioms are metaphorical in constituent words. In other words, idioms convey more meaning as a whole than the few words taken literary, the phrase‚ bells and whistles‛ is not an idiom. In a figurative sense, ‚bell and whistles‛ is not an idiom. In a figurative sense, ‚bells and whistles‛ implies attractive and extra features. ‚A cat’s paw‛ does not refer to the paw ofa cat but a person used as a tool by another. ‚John Bull‛ is not a person who called John Bull; it means the English national of the typical average Englishman.2.Ways of English Idiom TranslationTranslation is an art, a bilingual art, which is the cultural bridge and media between two languages. As there exist wide difference in vocabulary and syntax between the oriental and occidental languages. Translation is no easy job, especially the translation of English idioms. Translation is different from common communications. It involves a lot of factors, such as linguistic, cultural, psychological and art etc. Therefore, it does not exclude the general rules. The important thing for them to pay much attention is to use the rules flexibly according to relevance principle. Because of the cultural difference, there are some techniques in translation of idioms.Techniques in translation vary and we should use specific methods in treating specific problems according to the above cultural difference, in another word, to find the optimal relevance. In the following sections, we shall discuss translating from Chinese to English and vice versa, and try toanalyze them in the light of relevance theory. Here are four main approaches.2.1 Literal approachThe Chinese and English languages are very different in their forms and ways of expression on the one hand, and similar in many respects on the other. To preserve the national character and the special original work, and also accelerate the culture exchange of the two nations. The first approach in idiom translations is the literal approach. It refers to an adequate representation of the original, which preserves the original form of English idioms without causing confusion in meaning. It transfers the original cultural in formation effectively and shortens the gaps between Chinese and English. For example,‚sour grapes‛(酸葡萄)，‚to go into the red ‛(出现赤字)，‚to break the record‛(打破记录)，‚to be on the thin ice‛(如履薄冰)，‚to strike while the iron is hot‛(趁热打铁)，‚a tooth for a tooth‛(以牙还牙)，‚first-hand material‛（第一手材料），‚a castle in the air‛(空中楼阁)，‚to burn the boat‛(破釜沉舟)，‚to have something at ones hand‛(了如指掌)等。

英国研究生论文答辩5篇第一篇：英国研究生论文答辩很多国内的学生在选择店铺时，一般首选都会是美国，主要是因为美国高校比较我，如哈佛，普林斯顿大学，耶鲁大学等等，汇集了来自全世界顶尖学子的地方，而在很多美国研究生申请的过程中，却会因为留学文书的表达不合格或内容未符合申请院校所重视的一些特质而无缘进去美国高校完成学业。

英国优越论文网的服务老师为了有效的帮助各位正在忙于完成自己理想学校的申请，特别整理了如下内容，以供留学生意向美国的申请。

第一，把自己最好的故事呈现在申请老师面前。

一篇成功的个人陈述，是一种比较有针对性的自我介绍，聚焦于申请表格提出的两个问题回答“我是谁”，“我能提供些什么”，成功的陈述从不偏离这两个主题介绍来进行介绍，描述你作为有竞争力候选者的潜能。

因此，你需要将个人生涯中涉及主题的主要成就，转折点和大事件必须有重点的进行突出，并分析你的个人简历做到独特性。

第二，个人评价中的具体内容。

优越论文网论文服务老师在服务的过程中总是激动人心的，因为它提供了一个契机让你回顾自身。

但要提醒各位准备留学申请的学生在文章展开阐述时，可以涉及到的主要内容：如嗜好，你曾经完成的项目，特定的工作以及职责和成就，你所克服的挑战和个人障碍，选该专业的相应原因，影响你、促使你，帮助你实施求学于某一领域某一学校的人士，以及你的目标的陈述等主要内容。

第三，文章主要内容进行展开陈述。

优越论文网论文老师强调，在申请美国留学文书的写作过程中，一琯要展开来做比较重要的陈述，并表明这些事件，经验和人士如何地影响你，并在文书中以文字做好信息的记录这个将会为你申请成功加分，另外当你在完表格时，特别需要留给读者一个很好的印象，即让申请老师一看就感觉你比较有动力，有方向，也有冲劲感。

此时重要的是你正确恰当地描述你所陈述的事件和成就，这是个人陈述内容展开的一个最主要的写作要点。

当然，在列出你的兴趣和过去的工作时，仔细阅读这些事宜，提炼出每个事件或事实经历的意义并突出你认为已改进了或仍需要改进的个性，这时你对一份美国申请文书的写作知识就可以比较全面的呈现出来了，当然，如果你想了解如何完成家庭历史的呈现方式的写作可参考英国优越论文网中的发布的相关PS文书介绍相关资料。

英语专业论文答辩
英语专业论文答辩涉及以下几个方面的内容：
1. 研究背景和目的：介绍研究领域的现状和存在的问题，以及本论文的研究目的和意义。

2. 文献综述：概述前人研究的主要结果和不足之处，对相关理论和方法进行归纳总结。

3. 研究方法：详细描述研究方法的选择和操作步骤，解释为什么选择该方法，并分析其可行性和局限性。

4. 研究结果和分析：展示论文的实证研究结果，说明研究数据的收集和处理方式，通过定量或定性分析结合相关理论进行解读。

5. 论文创新点：阐述本论文的创新之处，说明本研究与已有文献的不同之处和贡献。

6. 论文局限性：诚实地评估论文的不足之处和局限性，提出未来研究的发展方向和可改进之处。

7. 结论：总结论文的主要发现和研究结论，回答研究问题和验证假设的结果。

8. 口头答辩：回答评委提出的问题和质疑，阐明自己的观点和研究成果，并与评委进行学术讨论和辩论。

在答辩过程中，需要展示自己对研究领域的深入理解和独立思考能力，说明自己的研究过程和结果是否合理可靠，回答评委的专业问题，并展示自己的学术潜力和未来发展方向。

同时，还需要具备良好的表达和演讲能力，准备充分的PPT和口头讲述，以清晰、简明的语言向评委和听众阐述自己的研究成果和观点。

英语专业本科论文答辩技巧英语专业本科论文答辩技巧英语本科的论文答辩主要分为两部分：自我陈述和回答答辩老师问题。

一、自述（用英语完成）：1、先问好，再开始自述，自述时间为5－10分钟，要简明扼要。

Good morning, all appraises committee members.I am ___ and my supervisor is ___. The title of my pa-pe-r is____.2、接下来，一般要做一个大概十分钟的presentation 在答辩前可从以下角度去考虑准备答辩： 1、自己为什么选择这个课题？ 2、研究这个课题的意义和目的是什么？3、全文的基本框架、基本结构是如何安排的？4、全文的各部分之间逻辑关系如何？5、在研究本课题的过程中，发现了那些不同见解？对这些不同的意见，自己是怎样逐步认识的？又是如何处理的？6、论文虽未论及，但与其较密切相关的问题还有哪些？7、还有哪些问题自己还没有搞清楚，在论文中论述得不够透彻？8、写作论文时立论的主要依据是什么？对以上问题应仔细想一想，必要时要用笔记整理出来，写成发言提纲，在答辩时用。

二。

答辩(用英语完成）：一般来说，老师会提问与你论文相关的问题。

可以是大的方面的：论文的背景知识、写作思路、论文的结构、论文所解决问题的意义等。

附：论文答辩技巧及常见问题论文答辩是学生学习结束时必不可少的一个环节。

其目的是考查学生：1．能否听懂并正确理解老师提问的主旨；2．答辩是否深刻、有力和流畅； 3．对论文观点阐述得是否透彻； 4．是否了解与论文有关的知识。

学生通过积极准备论文答辩不仅可以增长知识，温故知新，而且可以拓宽和加深专业知识，提高自己的能力。

论文答辩的形式是分组进行，设多个考场，每个考场有两名以上答辩老师。

学生进入考场独立面对答辩老师，对老师的提问当场作答。

论文答辩以答为主，以辩为辅。

因此，学生在平时的学习过程中必须注意提高自己的听说能力。

英语开题报告答辩范文英语开题报告答辩范文第一篇_英语论文—毕业论文开题报告范文英语论文—毕业论文开题报告范文开题报告下面是一篇英语论文的开题报告范文，虽然不是特别好，但也反应了开题报告的格式和写法，有一定的借鉴价值。

Function and Application of Descriptive Translation Studies 1 IntroductionThe intention of this study is to explore possible advantages of Descriptive Translation Studies as in its application in translation practice and translation analysis.Since early 20th century, translation studies gradually broke away from the marginal status within other related disciplines and established itself as an empirical science. From then on, schools of thought have kept coming out and each claims its legitimacy for existence.Among these schools is Descriptive Translation Studies (DTS).DTS approaches translation from an empirical perspective. Translation is viewed to be a social activity having significant importance in the receiving culture and for the target community. Therefore, translation is dealt with beyond the linguistic realization and language comparison, and is incorporated in social and cultural context.My attention was first directed to DTS by its peculiar characteristic of observation, description and explanation. The subject is whatever happens in translation practice, from the determination of prospective function of translation to the process of translator’s choice of strategies, brainstorming and the revision, to the final product making appearance in the target community.The method of DTS is basically descriptive. The prescriptive tendency and the problem-solution pattern is abandoned. Translation phenomena arenoted down. With accumulated data, some underlying truths about translation will come out which will prove to be instructive not only for theoretical probe but also for applied translation practice. I will apply this descriptive method in the case study of this thesis.A convenient tool has been set up to conduct DTS. “Norm”is operative at every stage of description and explanation. Function, process and product and their relationship as well are skeletal structure of what constitute descriptive studies. Translation phenomena are accounted for with the help of norm.The case taken in this thesis is the Chinese classic The Dream of Red Mansions. Two English versions translated respectively by Yang Hsien-yi and David Hawks are compared and observations are made in regard to their translation approaches.In this regard, my observations are limited to several aspects, I hope in-depthobservation and explanation will done in light of DTS.2 Outline2.1 Development and major concepts of DTSIn this part I will describe Holms’basic map of DTS and the relationship between function, process and product. I will also discuss some important concepts such as pseudo-translation, multiple translation, translationese, norm etc.2.2 MethodolgyI will in this part discuss the methodology of DTS before I apply the same to the case study in this thesis with emphasis to be placed on semiotic approach and the concept norm.2.3 DTS in contrast to other theoriesA contrast study will be conducted here with the objective to find the difference of DTS from other theories such as equivalence theory and the Chinese Xin Da Ya criteria. Some advantage will possibly be shown in this study.2.4 Case studyIn this part, translation of The Dream of Red Mansions (also translated as The Story of The Stone) will be under investigation in light of DTS. Translation samples to be quoted here will be selected at random.2.5 ConclusionBased on the above elaboration of DTS and the case study, possible conclusion will be on the advantage of DTS in specific study of translation. Suggestions on further research efforts will be made also.(Note: While the topic will remain the same, the above arrangement of contents is subject to change in the process of writing.)000附录2- 引文范例(仅供参考)“It is therefore pointless to try to make TC more scientific than is sensible in view of its complex subject-matter and available methods. Translating is a mental, multi-factorial activity which cannotexhaustively be investigated within a linguistic framework ignoring the person of the translator.”(Wilss, 1982: 217) ‘“噢，这就是恐水病吧?你们贵族圈子怎么流行起这种病来啦?真够呛的!费芬斯小姐，您喝点茶大概没关系吧!”’(张南峰，1990：59-60)附录3- 参考文献范例(仅供参考)Wilss, Wolfram. The Science of Translation –Problems and Methods. Gunter Narr Verlag Tubingen,1982.Newmark, Peter. A Textbook of Translation. New York: Prentice Hall, 1988. Delabastita, Dirk. Translating Puns: A false Opposition in Translation Studies. Target, 1991(3:2):137-152.张南峰(译). 王尔德戏剧选. 福州：海峡文艺出版社，1990.戴炜栋. 构建具有中国特色的英语教学“一条龙”体系，外语教学与研究，2001(5). 附录4- 封面范例(仅供参考)(中文)对外经济贸易大学硕士学位论文论品牌名称翻译的特殊性专业：研究方向：作者：导师：写作时间：—对外经济贸易大学英语学院(英文)School of International StudiesUniversity of International Business and EconomicsPragmatic Strategiesin Advertising: ImplicaturesWang YingA thesis submitted to School of International Studies ofUniversity of International Business and EconomicsIn partial fulfillment of the requirementFor the degree of Master of ArtsApril 2002Beijing, China免费开题报告范文论文题目：中国上市公司效绩评价体系的探讨二、课题研究的意义我国上市公司对我国的经济发展起到越来越重要的作用，截止2001年底，我国上市公司已达到1174家，总股本超过5050亿，其中国家股和国有法人股328亿，市价总值高达5.55万亿元，约占国民生产总值的48%，约有股民6800万人，约占城镇人口的40%,资本市场规模越来越大。

英语开题报告答辩范文英语开题报告答辩范文第一篇_英语论文—毕业论文开题报告范文英语论文—毕业论文开题报告范文开题报告下面是一篇英语论文的开题报告范文，虽然不是特别好，但也反应了开题报告的格式和写法，有一定的借鉴价值。

Function and Application of Descriptive Translation Studies 1 IntroductionThe intention of this study is to explore possible advantages of Descriptive Translation Studies as in its application in translation practice and translation analysis.Since early 20th century, translation studies gradually broke away from the marginal status within other related disciplines and established itself as an empirical science. From then on, schools of thought have kept coming out and each claims its legitimacy for existence.Among these schools is Descriptive Translation Studies (DTS).DTS approaches translation from an empirical perspective. Translation is viewed to be a social activity having significant importance in the receiving culture and for the target community. Therefore, translation is dealt with beyond the linguistic realization and language comparison, and is incorporated in social and cultural context.My attention was first directed to DTS by its peculiar characteristic of observation, description and explanation. The subject is whatever happens in translation practice, from the determination of prospective function of translation to the process of translator’s choice of strategies, brainstorming and the revision, to the final product making appearance in the target community.The method of DTS is basically descriptive. The prescriptive tendency and the problem-solution pattern is abandoned. Translation phenomena arenoted down. With accumulated data, some underlying truths about translation will come out which will prove to be instructive not only for theoretical probe but also for applied translation practice. I will apply this descriptive method in the case study of this thesis.A convenient tool has been set up to conduct DTS. “Norm”is operative at every stage of description and explanation. Function, process and product and their relationship as well are skeletal structure of what constitute descriptive studies. Translation phenomena are accounted for with the help of norm.The case taken in this thesis is the Chinese classic The Dream of Red Mansions. Two English versions translated respectively by Yang Hsien-yi and David Hawks are compared and observations are made in regard to their translation approaches.In this regard, my observations are limited to several aspects, I hope in-depthobservation and explanation will done in light of DTS.2 Outline2.1 Development and major concepts of DTSIn this part I will describe Holms’basic map of DTS and the relationship between function, process and product. I will also discuss some important concepts such as pseudo-translation, multiple translation, translationese, norm etc.2.2 MethodolgyI will in this part discuss the methodology of DTS before I apply the same to the case study in this thesis with emphasis to be placed on semiotic approach and the concept norm.2.3 DTS in contrast to other theoriesA contrast study will be conducted here with the objective to find the difference of DTS from other theories such as equivalence theory and the Chinese Xin Da Ya criteria. Some advantage will possibly be shown in this study.2.4 Case studyIn this part, translation of The Dream of Red Mansions (also translated as The Story of The Stone) will be under investigation in light of DTS. Translation samples to be quoted here will be selected at random.2.5 ConclusionBased on the above elaboration of DTS and the case study, possible conclusion will be on the advantage of DTS in specific study of translation. Suggestions on further research efforts will be made also.(Note: While the topic will remain the same, the above arrangement of contents is subject to change in the process of writing.)000附录2- 引文范例(仅供参考)“It is therefore pointless to try to make TC more scientific than is sensible in view of its complex subject-matter and available methods. Translating is a mental, multi-factorial activity which cannotexhaustively be investigated within a linguistic framework ignoring the person of the translator.”(Wilss, 1982: 217) ‘“噢，这就是恐水病吧?你们贵族圈子怎么流行起这种病来啦?真够呛的!费芬斯小姐，您喝点茶大概没关系吧!”’(张南峰，1990：59-60)附录3- 参考文献范例(仅供参考)Wilss, Wolfram. The Science of Translation –Problems and Methods. Gunter Narr Verlag Tubingen,1982.Newmark, Peter. A Textbook of Translation. New York: Prentice Hall, 1988. Delabastita, Dirk. Translating Puns: A false Opposition in Translation Studies. Target, 1991(3:2):137-152.张南峰(译). 王尔德戏剧选. 福州：海峡文艺出版社，1990.戴炜栋. 构建具有中国特色的英语教学“一条龙”体系，外语教学与研究，2001(5). 附录4- 封面范例(仅供参考)(中文)对外经济贸易大学硕士学位论文论品牌名称翻译的特殊性专业：研究方向：作者：导师：写作时间：—对外经济贸易大学英语学院(英文)School of International StudiesUniversity of International Business and EconomicsPragmatic Strategiesin Advertising: ImplicaturesWang YingA thesis submitted to School of International Studies ofUniversity of International Business and EconomicsIn partial fulfillment of the requirementFor the degree of Master of ArtsApril 2002Beijing, China免费开题报告范文论文题目：中国上市公司效绩评价体系的探讨二、课题研究的意义我国上市公司对我国的经济发展起到越来越重要的作用，截止2001年底，我国上市公司已达到1174家，总股本超过5050亿，其中国家股和国有法人股328亿，市价总值高达5.55万亿元，约占国民生产总值的48%，约有股民6800万人，约占城镇人口的40%,资本市场规模越来越大。

英语论文答辩开场白与技巧（专业角度讲解）一、英语论文答辩开场白Opening Speech（一）Good morning,Distinguished professors and teachers, ladies and gentlemen, thank you forattending the oral defense. (或Welcome to attend the oral defense.) ：I am Zhao Jing. Firstly, I would like to express my sincere gratitude to my supervisorZhong Ming, for his intellectual guidance, invaluable instructions and comments on my thesis. It is withhis valuable assistance that I have finally accomplished this thesis.The title of my paper is The Masculine Spirit of The Old Man and the SeaThe whole thesis consists of 3 parts. The first part will give brief introductionson the background which contains the social and cultural aspects and the introductionto the author of the masterpiece. In The second part is going to have a briefintroduction of the old man and the sea and analyze the masculine spirits in the oldman and the sea such as the faith optimistic and the wisdom of the hero. In the thirdpart, it is the natural conclusion and the deep consideration.I choose this as my topic due to the following reasons. Firstly, I am fond of literatureworks. Secondly, I am quite familiar with this novel as this is one of the texts in our intensive teaching course and I have taught this text for more than 3 times. Last but not the least, I ’m deeply appreciated to the masculine spirit and hope I can get and practiceit in myfuture. For the above facts, I select the subject of The Masculine Spirit ofThe Old Man and the Sea as the title of my paper.I hope by studying this novel we can know more about the author Hemingwayand his honorable masculine spirit. “A man can be destroyed but not be defeated. ”Such kind of spirit canhelp us raise our independence and confidence and show more concern for our mentalhealth.That’s all. Thank you!Opening Speech（二）Good morning, professors and everyone. I come from JMU College. I am XXXand my supervisor is prof XXX. With her sincere and intellectual guidance, I havefinished my paper.The title of my paper is An Analysis of Ahabs Personality Tragedy in Moby Dick ’ .I choose this title as my topic due to the following reasons. Firstly, I am fond ofliterature works , especially gothic literature works. Secondly, I am quite familiar withthis work as this is one of the texts in our American literature course . Last but notleast , Moby-Dick is widely recognized as the summit not only of Melville ’s art but ofAmerican nineteenth-centry fiction.The purpose of this essay is to study Captain Ahab,the role in Moby-Dick, whoseleg was bitten by the white whale in his process of the whaling. After losing his leg,he determined torevenge Moby Dick and tried to kill it. In order to revenge, Ahabultimately dooms the crew of the Pequod (save for Ishmael) to death by his obsessionwith Moby Dick. By taking the comprehensive analysis perspective of Moby-Dick,this thesis will point out that the main characteristics of Ahab.This paper consists of three parts. Part one presents an introduction to the SocialBackground and the life of the Author Herman Melvillehe ,Part two presents TheMain Characteristics of Ahab. there are three aspects have been divided to analyze hischaracters: his monomania , his selfishness, and his individualism. Part three presentsThe Consequences of Ahab's Personality Tragedy.OK, that's all. Thank you !二、答辩时的注意事项（一）主要陈述内容：（1）自己选择这个题目的原因；（2）设计和实施的简单过程（如，商务方向：采用什么方法来搜集信息、资料等）；search the information from library and then internet（3）自己论文的主要内容（不要念论文，最好用4、5句话简单介绍论文内容，如，商务方向：做了哪些调查，得出什么结论，计划如何实施项目）；（4）仍然存在的问题（如，商务：在实施项目中可能会遇到的风险以及如何解决）；the aspect which I have quoted may be not perfect and have many deficiencies2、最好准备相关文字并熟记（答辩时要脱稿陈述，但是可以看PPT 文件）。

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文化学位论文：院校英美文化学位考察解析文化学位论文：院校英美文化学位考察解析从涉及的文学流派来看,19世纪的现实主义文学及20世纪初的现代主义文学尤其受到青睐。

前者的代表作家有哈代、狄更斯、奥斯汀,后者主要有劳伦斯、艾略特、乔伊斯等等。

其中一些名作家及其作品被反复研究。

例如,106篇论文中关于劳伦斯的就有8篇,哈代的有《篇,海明威的有4篇,单独分析《了不起的盖茨比》的有4篇,单独分析《第二十二条军规》的有三篇。

甚至在同一年硕士论文中有两篇论文选取同一个作家的作品的情况。

笔者认为究其原因,有以下几条:1.简便原则。

现实主义和现代主义这两个时期是文学的繁盛时期,好的作品层出不穷,名作家的作品流传广泛,其文本材料容易获得,前人的评述较多,相对而言,收集资料更为简便。

而古代文学以及后现代主义文学可查的资料相对有限。

2.安全原则。

大多数已被归为某种流派的作家,前人对其都有定论,特别是对一些文学大家的作品,无数人已进行了无数次研究,再研究时不必担心把他们分错类别或下错定义,因此最为安全。

3.导向原则。

通过统计、对比发现,大多数研究生论文的选题方向与导师的兴趣和研究方向一致。

文学研究的视角是丰富多彩的,从这个意义上讲,我们可以对同一个作家或同一作品从不同的角度进行分析。

但问题的关键是要有创新的成分。

文学研究的创新,一方面依赖于研究对象的创新,一方面依赖于研究方法的创新。

在研究对象相对有限的情况下就更需要研究方法的创新。

北京师范大学教授王一川把英语学位论文归为三种类型:个案研究型、总体概述型和综合型。

所谓个案研究型,是指往往选定一个人物或一种现象来写,开口小,聚焦集中,论述充分,较易把握。

这是欧美文学方向大学生、研究生用得最多、最普遍的方式,也是我国研究生普遍采用的方式。

所谓总体概述型,是指对二人或二人以上的普遍现象所进行的全面与综合的论述。

例如,李欧梵(Leo-ou-fan-Lee)的《中国现代作家的浪漫一代》(RomanticGenerationofModernChineseWriters,Cambridge,Massachusetts,Har vardUniversitypress,1973)就是如此。

《国王的演讲》中英国文化的透视《国王的演讲》中英国文化的透视《国王的演讲》是由汤姆·霍伯指导，科林·费斯和杰弗里·拉什担当主演的英国电影，整部电影以叙述故事的形式，讲述了英国女王伊丽莎白二世的父亲乔治六世国王的故事。

在第83届奥斯卡提名奖上，本片共获得12项提名，最终一举拿到最佳影片、最佳导演、最佳男主角和最佳原创剧本四项大奖，可谓风光无限。

《国王的演讲》向我们讲述了一个再平常不过的故事。

乔治六世从小口吃，几乎没有继承王位的可能。

由于老国王身体衰弱，乔治六世承担了越来越多的公共责任。

与此同时，他开始四处寻医治疗口吃，并最终找到了莱纳尔·罗格，两人在治疗过程中也逐渐建立了终生友谊。

他的哥哥由于婚姻原因未能继承王位，乔治六世临危受命。

两年后，二战爆发，在医生的帮助下，他战胜了口吃，并通过广播发表了慷慨激昂的圣诞节演讲，号召人民反抗法西斯。

有人或许会质疑《国王的演讲》的成功徒有虚名，没有动作片的刺激震撼，没有喜剧片的轻松调侃，没有爱情片的浪漫情事，也没有3D视觉片的逼真视效。

如此平淡无奇的电影何以获得好评。

《国王的演讲》的成功就在于它没有附庸好莱坞大片的俗套，在于它是英国电影的延续，处处体现着独特的记录影像和风格，每一个镜头和每一句台词都颇具艺术感，流露着淡淡的英伦优雅，体现了深厚的英伦文化。

或许这也是奥斯卡评委们偏爱英国电影，英国电影频频获奖的原因。

一、英国电影与王室魅力英国王室，世界上最古老、最有生命力的王室。

从9世纪至今，已经经历了1200余年的沧桑。

他们是国家的象征，是媒体的焦点，有人甚至戏谑地说：“英国女王已经为我们上演了几十年的肥皂剧，她的一举一动，一颦一笑，甚至眨眨眼都会在第二天的报纸上铺天盖地报道”。

英国电影对王室体裁也是情有独钟。

《恋爱中的莎士比亚》展现了莎士比亚年代王室的宫廷生活，华丽的辞藻和夸张的扮相给人们留下了深刻的印象；《乔治的疯狂》揭露了王室的丑陋一面——乔治三世国王病入膏肓时的荒唐和疯癫；《另一个波琳家的女孩》讲述了国王的两个情人在宫廷内勾心斗角的故事。