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十大常见西方迷信，你不得不知道的神秘力量！这世上诡异的迷信有不少，东西方都一样。
不同国家迷信内容或许不同，但几乎所有国家都存在迷信，东方的迷信大家都或多或少知道一些。
而这里的十个西方迷信中，你又相信多少呢?你以为那些神叨叨的迷信说法只有中国才有吗？貌似追求真理，崇尚科学的老外也有迷信的一面。
今天，小潘爷整理了一些具有代表性的西方迷信.不相信的人可以当做文化背景知识的积累，相信的人可将其奉为趋利避害，除灾免厄的“宝典”。
诸位且看且珍惜！1.数字13认为13不吉利的说法很多，其中最著名的当出自《圣经》。
据记载，背叛耶稣的传道者犹大（Judas）便是第13个出席最后的晚餐。
无独有偶，北欧神话中，邪神洛基（Loki）也是第13个出席宴会，并于宴间谋害了光明之神巴德尔（Balder）。
生活中，13的痕迹也往往被人刻意抹杀。
比如：很多机场没有13号登机口，而用12A替代；不少大厦没有第13层，而以数字14替代。
不过，在亚洲人眼里，用14代替13也没高明多少。
2.黑色星期五星期五不吉的来源之一依旧与《圣经》有关。
耶稣遭犹大背叛后，死于星期五。
而“黑色星期五”（Friday the13th）因为结合了数字13和“星期五”这两个因素，简直就是霉运中的战斗机。
如今，由于感恩节（11月第四个星期四）大采购，“黑色星期五”的意义有了重大改变。
以前商店用不同颜色的墨水来记账，红色数字表示亏损，黑色数字表示盈利。
因为当年的“剁手党”很疯狂，所以周五盘货的时候账面多显示盈利状态，即黑色。
由此也衍生出了表示“盈利”的习语：in the black。
3.掉在身上的鸟粪“鸟粪掉在身上表示走运（Bird pooing on you is good luck）”的说法源于因果报应（karma），即碰到一件倒霉事之后，必然会走大运以抵消霉运。
这个想法倒是很符合鲁迅笔下阿Q的思维模式。
别人遇到这种事会怎样我不知道，但我一定开心不起来。
/(ㄒoㄒ)/~~4.飞过头顶的三只海鸥如果三只海鸥一起从你头上飞过，预示着死亡很快会降临(a warning of death soon to come)。
I. Multiple ChoicesDIVISION ONE: Greek Culture and Roman Culture1. Which culture reached a high point of development in the 5th century B.C.? _____A. Greek CultureB. Roman CultureC. Egyptian CultureD. Chinese Culture2. In _____ the Romans conquered Greece.A. 1200B.C. B. 700 B.C.C. 146 B.C.D. the 5th century3. Which of the following works described the war led by Agamemnon against the city of Troy? _____A. Oedipus the kingB. IliadC. OdysseyD. Antigone4. Which of the following is NOT the play written by Aeschylus? _____A. AntigoneB. AgamemnonC. PersiansD. Prometheus Bound5. Which of the following is NOT the play written by Sophocles? _____A. ElectraB. AntigoneC. Trojan WomenD. Oedipus the king6. Which of the following is the play written by Euripides? _____A. AntigoneB. PersiansC. ElectraD. Medea7. Which of the following is NOT one of the greatest tragic dramatists of ancient Greece? _____A. AristophanesB. EuripidesC. SophoclesD. Aeschylus8. Who ever said that “You can not step twice into the same river”? _____A. PythagorasB. HeracleitueC. DemocritusD. Aristotle9. Who was the founder of scientific mathematics? _____A. HeracleitueB. AristotleC. SocratesD. Pythagoras10. Who is chiefly noted for his doctrine that “man is the measure of all things”? _____A. ProtagorasB. PythagorasC. PyrrhonD. Epicurus11. Who wrote, “I came, I saw, I conquered”? _____A. HoraceB. Julius CaesarC. Marcus Tullius CiceroD. Virgil12. The author of the philosophical poem On the Nature of Things is _____.A. VirgilB. Julius CaesarC. HoraceD. Lucretius13. Which of the following is not Roman architecture? _____A. The ColosseumB. The PantheonC. The ParthenonD. Pont du Gard14. Who wrote, “Captive Greece took her rude conqueror captive”? ______A. SapphoB. PlatoC. VirgilD. HoraceDIVISION TWO: The Bible and Christianity15. Which of the following is by far the most influential religion in the West? _____A. BuddhismB. IslamismC. ChristianityD. Judaism16. The Old Testament consists of 39 books, the oldest and most important of which re the first five books, called _____.A. ExodusB. CommandmentsC. AmosD. Pentateuch17. Which of the following is NOT the content of the Ten Commandments? _____A. Honor your father and your motherB. Do no commit suicideC. Do not desire your neighbor’s wifeD. Do not take the name of God in vain18. When in Babylon the Hebrews formed synagogues to practice their religion? _____A. in 169B.C. B. in the 4th centuryC. in 76 B.C.D. in the 6th century19. After the _____ century Nestorianism reached China.A. sixthB. fifthC. secondD. third20. Which of the following emperors made Christianity the official religion of the empire and outlawed all other religions? _____A. TheodosiusB. AugustusC. Constantine ID. Nero Caesar21. Which of the following emperors issued the Edict of Milan and made Christianity legal in 313? _____A. AugustusB. TheodosiusC. NeroD. Constantine I22. At the age of 30, Jesus Christ received the baptism at the hands of _____.A. St. PeterB. St. PaulC. John BaptistD. John Wycliff23. By 1693, the whole of the Bible had been translated in _____ languages.A. 228B. 974C. 1202D. 15424. The oldest extant Greek translation of the Old Testament is known as _____.A. the Latin VulgateB. the AristeasC. the “Authorized”D. the Septuagint25. When printing was invented in the 1500’s the _____ Bible was the first complete work printed.A. EnglishB. LatinC. AramaicD. Hebrew26. When did the standard American edition of the Revised Version appear?A. 1885B. 1611C. 1901D. 1979DIVISION THREE: The Middle Ages27. In the later part of the 4th century, which of the following tribes swept into Europe from central Asia, robbing and killing a large number of the half civilized Germanic tribes? _____A. the MongoliansB. the HunsC. the TurkishD. the Syrians28. The Middle Ages is also called the _____.A. “Age of Christianity”B. “Age of Literature”C. “Age of Holy Spirit”D. “Age of Faith”29. According to the code of chivalry, which of the following is not pledged to do for a knight? _____A. to be loyal to his lordB. to fight for the churchC. to obey without question the orders of the abbotD. to respect women of noble birth30. In 732, who gave his soldiers estates known as fiefs as a reward for their service? _____A. Charles Martel, a Frankish rulerB. Charles I, a Turkish rulerC. Constantine I, a Frankish rulerD. St. Benedict, an Italian ruler31. When was the Church divided into the Roman Catholic Church and Eastern Orthodox Church? _____A. after 1066B. after 1296C. after 1054D. after 47632. Which of the following about the knight or noble in the Middle Ages in western Europe is NOT true? _____A. Almost all nobles were knights in the Medieval days.B. A noble began his education as a page at the age of seven.C. As a knight, he was pledged to fight for the church.D. At about fourteen, the page became a knight.33. When was a noble crowned as a knight in the Middle Ages in western Europe? _____A. At the age of 14B. When he was taught to say his prayers, learned good manners and ran errands for the ladies.C. At a special ceremony known as dubbing.D. When he was pledged to fight for the church.34. Which of the following is NOT true about what the monks must do before entering the monastery according to the Benedictine Rule? _____A. They had to attend service six times during the day and once at midnight.B. They could promise to give up all their possession before entering the monastery.C. They were expected to work 5 hours a day in the fields surrounding the monastery.D. They had to obey without question the orders of the abbot.35. Under feudalism, what were the three classes of people of western Europe? _____A. clergy, knights and serfsB. Pope, bishop and peasantsC. clergy, lords and peasantsD. knights, nobles and serfs36. By which year the Moslems had taken over the last Christian stronghold and won crusades and ruled all the territory in Palestine that the crusaders had fought to control?A. 1279B. 1254C. 1096D. 129137. Which of the following was crowned “Emperor of the Romans” by the Pope in 800? _____A. St. Thomas AquinasB. CharlemagneC. ConstantineD. Kings James38. Who was the ruler of the Anglo-Saxon kingdom of Wessex and contributed greatly to the medieval European culture?A. Charles IB. Constantine IC. Alfred the GreatD. Charles the Great39. Does Song of Roland belong to which country’s epic?A. EnglishB. GermanicC. HebrewD. French40. Who is the author of the Opus Maius?A. Roger BaconB. Dante AlighieriC. ChaucerD. St. Thomas AquinasDIVISION FOUR: Renaissance and Reformation41. Where did the Renaissance start with the flowering of paintings, sculpture and architecture? _____A. in Greece and RomeB. in Florence and VeniceC. in Milan and FlorenceD. in Italy and Germany42. When did the Renaissance reach its height with its centre moving to Milan, then to Rome, and created High Renaissance? _____A. in the 11 centuryB. in the 15th centuryC. in the 16th centuryD. in the 17th century43. Which of the following works is written by Boccaccio? _____A. DecameronB. CanzoniersC. DavidD. Moses44. Which of the following works is NOT written by Petrarch? _____A. CanzoniersB. On SolitudeC. EcologuesD. Flight into Egypt45. Who is the author of the painting, Betrayal of Judas? _____A. GiottoB. BrunelleschiC. DonatelloD. Giorgione46. Which of the following High Renaissance artists is the father of the modern mode of painting? _____A. RaphaelB. TitianC. da VinciD. Michelangelo47. Which of the following High Renaissance artists was best known for his Madonna (Virgin Mary)? _____A. TitianB. da VinciC. MichelangeloD. Raphael48. Which of the following paintings was based on the story in the Bible with Maria riding on a donkey ready to face the hardship ahead? _____A. Sacred and Profane LoveB. TempestaC. The Return of the HuntersD. Flight into Egypt49. Who took up the translation of the Bible into English for the first time? _____A. Jan HusB. John WycliffeC. Martin LutherD. John Calvin50. Who is the author Institutes of the Christian Religion? _____A. John WycliffeB. Jan HusC. John CalvinD. Erasmus51. In whose reign did the formal break of the British with the papal authorities take place? _____A. Elizabeth IB. William IC. Edward IIID. Henry VIII52. After the formal break of the British with the papal authorities, who was the head of the church? _____A. KingB. PopeC. BishopD. Archbishop53. Which of the following works was written by Rabelais, in which he praises the greatness of man, expresses his love of life and his reverence and sympathy for humanist learning? _____ A. Gargantua and Pantagruel B. Don QuixoteC. The Praise of FollyD. Utopia54. Whose motto put down in his essays, “What do I know” is world-famous? _____A. CervantesB. RabelaisC. MontaigneD. Shakespeare55. Which of the following works is worth reading for Montaigne’s humanist ideas and a style which is easy and familiar? _____A. SonnetsB. DecameronC. RabelaisD. Of Repentance56. Which of the following is NOT French writer poet? _____A. CervantesB. Pierre de RonsardC. RabelaisD. Montaigne57. In 1516, who published the first Greek edition of the new Testament? _____A. BruegelB. ErasmusC. El GrecoD. Rabelais58. “To be, or not to be, -- that is the question” from whose works? _____A. ChaucerB. DanteC. Roger BaconD. ShakespeareDIVISION FIVE: The Seventeenth Century59. Who ever said that “The modern world, so far as mental outlook is concerned, begins in the 17th century”? _____A. CopernicusB. Francis BaconC. Bertrand RussellD. Leibniz60. The author of The Revolution of the Heavenly Orbs is _____?A. KeplerB. CopernicusC. GalileoD. Newton61. Galileo is the greatest name in the physics of the 17th century. His telescope magnified objects _____.A. a thousand timesB. a hundred timesC. then-thousand timesD. five-hundred times62. Which of the following statements about Newton’s contribution to the science is NOT true? _____A. He discovered the law of the universal gravitation.B. He invented calculusC. He discovered that white light is composed of all the colors of spectrum.D. He discovered the law of relativity.63. Which of the following about Galileo is NOT true? _____A. He invented the telescope and was the first to apply the telescope to the study of the skies.B. He discovered the law of inertia.C. He discovered the importance of acceleration in dynamics.D. He was the first to establish the law of falling bodies.64. The first major advance of modern science occurred in _____.A. anatomyB. astronomyC. printingD. geographically discoveries65. _____ and Newton invented independently the differential and integral calculus.A. DescartesB. CopernicusC. LeibnizD. Kepler66. Engels said: “The revolutionary act by which natural science declared its independence… was the publication of the immortal work…”, what does the immortal work refer to? _____A. Sidereus NunciusB. New Essays Concerning Human UnderstandingC. New System of NatureD. The Revolution of the Heavenly Orbs67. Who ever said that “Knowledge is power”? _____A. ShakespeareB. Francis BaconC. Thomas HobbesD. John Locke68. Which of the following works was not written by Francis Bacon? _____A. Essay Concerning Human UnderstandingB. The Novum Organum (New Method)C. The New AtlanticsD. The Advancement of Learning69. Which of the following philosophers believed that man is selfish by nature? _____A. John LockeB. DescartesC. Pierre GassendiD. Thomas Hobbes70. What kind of form of government is England after the Glorious Revolution and enactment of the Bill of Rights? _____A. constitutional monarchyB. republicC. anarchyD. absolute monarchy71. When did the Glorious Revolution in England bread out?A. 1660B. 1649C. 1688D. 168972. Which of the following woks is NOT written by John Milton? _____A. Paradise LostB. AreopagiticaC. Samson AgonistesD. Andromaque73. In 1644, John Milton wrote a protest against a parliamentary decree reimposing complete censorship of the press. This was his best known prose _____.A. AndromaqueB. ArepagiticaC. Paradise LostD. Paradise Regained74. Which of the following is NOT the content of the Bill of Rights which limited the Sovereign’s power in certain important directions? _____A. Parliament was responsible for all the law making.B. The power of suspending the laws by royal authority was declared to be illegal.C. The King should levy no money at any time.D. The King should not keep a standing army in time of peace without consent of Parliament.75. Which of the following philosophers ever said “I think, therefore I am”? _____A. Francis BaconB. Pierre GassendiC. DescartesD. John Locke76. Which of the following works displays the grand style of Corneille’s work? _____A. Le CidB. AndromaqueC. TartuffeD. Le Misanthrope77. Which of the following philosophers believed that knowledge of the universe and certain principles and laws of physics is innate? _____A. John LockeB. Pierre GassendiC. Francis BaconD. Descartes78. “I walk, therefore I am” is whose slogan? _____A. John LockeB. Pierre GassendiC. DescartesD. Francis Bacon79. Which of the following artists helped to bring the Roman Baroque style to its climax? _____A. RubensB. BorrominiC. CaravaggioD. Bernini80. Which of the following artists helped to spread the Baroque style to North Europe? _____A. RubensB. VelazquezC. BorrominiD. Bernini81. In painting of the 17th century, who won international fame and his style is basically classical, his figures are frozen and their action stiff? _____A. Christopher WrenB. RembrandtC. PoussinD. Rubbes82. In the middle of the 17th century, which country was the richest and most powerful in Europe? _____A. FlanderB. the NetherlandsC. EnglandD. FranceDIVISION SIX: The Age of Enlightenment83. Whose doctrines of the separation of powers became one of the most important principles of the U.S. constitution? _____A. John LockeB. RousseauC. MontesquieuD. V oltaire84. Which of the following works is the most famous of V oltaire’s novel? _____A. CandideB. The New HeloiseC. EmileD. Laocoon85. “Man is born free, and everywhere he is in chains” are whose most famous word? _____A. MontesquieuB. RousseauC. V oltaireD. Diderot86. In which of Rousseau’s works, Rousseau argues that Man’s greatest ill are not natural but made by man himself; the remedy lies also within man’s power? _____A. The Origin of Human InequalityB. The New HeloiseC. Emile or On EducationD. The Social Contract87. Who ever said that “Nature made men happy and good, but society makes him evil and miserable”? _____A. DiderotB. V oltaireC. MontesquieuD. Rousseau88. In which of Diderot’s works, the author developed his materialist philosophy and fore-shadowed the doctrine of evolutions as later proposed by Charles Darwin? _____A. Rameau’s NephewB. Philosophical ThoughtC. EncyclopedieD. Elements of Physiology89. Which of the Lessing’s works was his most brilliant dramatic work, a landmark in 18th century German drama—its first successful comedy and its first truly national drama? _____A. Nathan the WiseB. LaocoonC. Hamburgische DramaturgieD. Minna Von Barnhelm90. Which of the following works is a classic of modern aesthetics? _____A. LaocoonB. FaustC. The RobberD. Wallenstein91. Which of the following works represents Schiller’s most powerful tragedy? _____A. Wilhelm TellB. WallensteinC. Cabal and LoveD. The Robber92. Which of the following philosophers first proposed the well-known “Nebular hypothesis”? _____A. KantB. DescartesC. LockeD. Hobbes93. Which play by Schiller is widely known in China? _____A. The RobberB. WallensteinC. Wilhelm TellD. Cabal and LoveDIVISION SEVEN: Romanticism94. Which of the following writers whose prose revealed an acid wit and a keen awareness of the social problems of his time and was a friend of Karl Marx, who admired his writings? _____ A. Goethe B. SchillerC. HeineD. Pushkin95. Which of the following two poets were called the “Lakers”? _____A. Wordsworth and ColeridgeB. Goethe and SchillerC. Byron and KeatsD. Pushkin and Lermontov96. Who is the author of Prometheus Unbound? _____A. KeatsB. ShelleyC. ByronD. Aeschylus97. Which of the following writers or poets is usually called the father of European historical novel? _____A. GoetheB. Victor HugoC. PushkinD. Walter Scott98. Who is the author of Notre Dame de Paris and Les Miserables on which there have been many films based? _____A. George SandB. Victor HugoC. Daniel DefoeD. Henry Fielding99. Which of the following Romantic writers ever fought for women’s freedom in love and marriage? _____A. George SandB. ChateaubriandC. Victor HugoD. Taylor Coleridge100. “If winter comes, can spring be far behind?” is from the ending of which of the following works? _____A. Ode to a NightingaleB. Eugene OneginC. Ode to the West WindD. The French Revolution101. Which of the following writers is a female writer whose real name was Amandine Aurore Dupin? _____A. George SandB. WordsworthC. William BlakeD. John Keats102. Which of the following writers wrote Ode to a Nightingale and died very young? _____A. ByronB. KeatsC. ShellyD. Wordsworth103. Which of the following works was introduced to China at the end of the 19th century through Lin Shu’s translation, which bore the romantic title《撒克逊劫后英雄略》? _____A. The Heart of Mid-LothianB. Boris GodunovC. The BetrothedD. Ivanhoe104. Which of the following works was NOT written by Russian writer Pushkin? _____A. Ruslan and LiudmilaB. Boris GodunovC. A Hero of Our TimeD. Eugene Onegin105. In which of the following works did Pushkin create a character, Onegin, who was the first “Superfluous man” in Russian literature? _____A. Eugene OneginB. Boris GodunovC. Ruslan and LiudmilaD. A Hero of Our Time106. Which of the following writers is the greatest Polish writer during the Romanticism? _____ A. Lenmontov B. ChateaubriandC. LeopardiD. Mickiewicz107. Which of the following works was published as the beginning of Romanticism in Polish literature? _____A. Lyrical BalladsB. Ballads and RomancesC. Pan TadeuszD. Konrad Wallenrod108. Which of the following Mickiwicz’s works is his greatest epic poem, which the poet himself once compared with Scott’s historical novels? _____A. Sonnets from the CrimeaB. Konrad WallenrodC. Ballads and RomancesD. Pan Tadeusz109. Which of the following artists is NOT French? _____A. GoyaB. DavidC. DelacroixD. Gericault110. Which of the following artists was best known for his portraits of royalty and nobility? _____ A. David B. TurnerC. GoyaD. Constable111. Which of the following artists was an English landscape painter? _____A. DelacroixB. TurnerC. DavidD. Goya112. Whose symphony NO. 6 (Pastoral) marked the beginning of 19th-century program music? _____A. MozartB. SchumannC. BeethovenD. Schubert113. Which of the following musicians was NOT from Germany?A. MendelssohnB. BrahmsC. SchumannD. Chopin114. Who is the author of the famous Piano Music Waltzes? _____A. TchaikovskyB. BrahmsC. SchumannD. Schubert115. Which of the following musicians sought to revolutionize the opera by making it a combination of the arts: dramatic, musical, and scenic? _____A. BerliozB. ChopinC. WagnerD. Verdi116. Who introduced the symphonic poem and invented new piano techniques and became the greatest pianist of the middle of 19th century? _____A. LisztB. SchubertC. BeethovenD. BerliozMYTHOLOGY117. In Homer’s epic poem of the 9th century B. C., who is the god of earthquake? _____A. AresB. PoseidonC. DionysusD. Poseidon118. Who made the first beautiful woman that ever lived? And what was her name? _____A. Hephaestus; HelenB. Prometheus; HelenC. Hephaestus; PandoraD. Prometheus; Pandora119. Whose shield bears at its centre the head of the Gorgon? _____A. Zeus’s aegisB. Poseidon’s aegisC. Apollo’s aegisD. Hephaestus’s aegis120. In what book is faithful and wise Penelope a character, waiting for a score of years for herhusband’s return home? _____A. Aeschylus’s Prometheus BoundB. Aeschylus’s AgamemnonC. Homer’s IliadD. Homer’s The Odyssey121. Who was Achates? _____A. In Vergil’s Aeneid, the faithful companion and friend of AeneasB. In Vergil’s Aeneid, a Trojan princeC. In Vergil’s Aeneid, son of AphroditeD. In Vergil’s Aeneid, founder of Roman Empire122. In the Arthurian Romance, who were the parents of Sir Galahad, the purest knight of the Round Table who gained the Holy Grail? _____A. Arthur and GuinevereB. Arthur and ElaineC. Lancelot and ElaineD. Lancelot and Guinevere123. Whose head turned all beholders to stone? _____A. Stheno’sB. Medusa’sC. Euryale’sD. Ceto’s124. Who used a polished shield to behead the Gorgon Medusa? _____A. JupiterB. AcrisiusC. PolydectesD. Perseus125. For whom was Europe named? _____A. Europa, a Phoenician princessB. Eruopa, the Phoenician queen of TyreC. Europa, the daughter of ZeusD. Europa, an ancient Greek goddess126. What little girl was changed into gold by her father? _____A. MedusaB. CalthiaC. MarigoldD. Nereid127. What twins were abandoned as babies, suckled by a she-wolf and brought up by a shepherd? _____A. Castor and PolluxB. Amphion and ZethosC. Hypnos (Sleep) and ThanatosD. Romulus and Remus128. Who holds the Earth on his shoulders? _____A. MenoetiusB. AtlasC. EpimetheusD. Prometheus129. Who built the labyrinth for King Minos? _____A. DaedalusB. MinotaurC. ErichthoniusD.Icarus130. Who fell, consumed by flames, at Jason’s feet? _____A. MedeaB. CreonC. CreusaD. Glauce131. Who sleeps in perpetual dreamy slumber upon Mt. Latmos, visited by the moon-goddess every night? _____A. HypnosB. ZeusC. EndymionD. Selene132. Pygmalion and Galatea, his ivory statue which came to life, had a son. Who was he? _____ A. Paphos B. OvidC. PolluxD. Aphrodite133. What caused Orpheus to turn around, when he and his wife Euryidce were leaving Hell? _____A. Eurydice stumbled over a stone.B. Eurydice screamed because Cerberus (Kerberos) snarled.C. Orpheus felt Cerberus (Kerberos) after him.D. Orpheus heard Cerberus (Kerberos) snarling at them.134. What fleet goddess was so fascinated by three golden apples (of Aphrodite, dropped by Hippomenes, also called Melanion) in her path that she lost a race? _____A. ThemisB. AstraeaC. AtalantaD. Hippomenes135. Argus was a giant with 100 eyes. Where did his eyes go after his death? _____A. Turned into a stoneB. Turned into the peacock’s tailC. Transferred to Zeus’s aegisD. Transferred to the peacock’s tail136. For what had the left one of an Amazon’s breasts been cut off? _____A. For saving her lifeB. For the convenience of shooting arrowsC. For showing her loyalty to TroyD. For punishing her for her disloyalty137. Who was the most famous German siren? _____A. The LoreleiB. ArtemisC. ArethusaD. Alpheus138. What Roman woodland nymph was changed into a fountain? _____A. ArtemisB. CallistoC. ArethusaD. The Lorelei139. A hunter named Actaeon was changed by Diana into a _____ and was torn to pieces by his own hounds for having seen her bathing?A. rabbitB. stagC. lambD. antelope140. What daring kidnapping took place in Roman mythology? _____A. AthenaB. DemeterC. AstraeaD. Persephone141. What beautiful nymph was changed into a bear by the vengeful queen Hera? _____A. AlpheusB. ArethusaC. CallistoD. The Lorelei142. Who raped Alcmene disguised as her own husband? _____A. ZeusB. ElectryonC. PerseusD. Amphitryon143. Who was the Egyptian queen of the gods? _____A. JunoB. HeraC. IsisD. Aphrodite144. Who became Aeneas’ wife after his journeys? _____A. VenusB. AndromacheC. LaviniaD. Amata145. What lovely blooming nymph was saved by her river-god father by being changed into a tree? _____A. CallistoB. DaphneC. ArtemisD. Arethusa146. Who was the father of Odysseus? _____A. TelemachusB. SisyphusC. ArcesiusD. Laertes147. In classical mythology whose six sons and six daughters represent the twelve months? _____ A. Aeolus B. DionysusC. AresD. Achelous148. What was the wedding gift of Gaea to Hera?A. The gold ringB. The golden applesC. The crystal cupD. The ruby crown149. Who killed himself out of jealousy when Ulysses (Latin name for Odysseus) received the armor of Achilles? _____A. PhiloctetesB. ParisC. Great AjaxD. Lesser Ajax150. What kind of ears did King Midas have after he announced as judge in favor of Pan the god of woods who could make sweeter music than Apollo? _____A. rabbit’s earsB. stag’s earsC. dog’s earsD. ass’s ears151. What do Athena and Dionysus have in common? _____A. They share the same father, Zeus.B. Both of them were born from Zeu s’ forehead.C. They share the same mother, Metis.D. They share the same mortal mother, Semele.152. Who was the Greek god of war? _____A. PoseidonB. HephaestusC. AresD. Hades153. For what is the mythical creature Echidna well-known? _____A. Its tears were thought to heal wound.B. It was considered the protector of the divineC. It had the upper body of a bull and the lower body of a man.D. It gave birth to many monsters.154. What food had Persephone been tempted to taste during her stay in Hades? _____A. appleB. pomegranateC. pineappleD.guava155. Whose arrow pierced Achilles’ vulnerable heel and so slew him? _____A. Hector’sB. Helenus’sC. AeneasD. Paris’156. What was not shared by the three old sea goddesses called Graeae? ____A. one eyeB. one toothC. knowing the whereabouts of their sisters, the GorgonsD. red hair157. Leda and the Swan are well known in ancient mythology. Who was the Swan? _____A. ZeusB. Eros。
中西方文化差异论文参考文献一、中西方文化差异论文期刊参考文献[1].中西方文化差异与道德文化自觉——兼论德育现代化.《教育探索》.被北京大学《中文核心期刊要目总览》收录PKU.被南京大学《核心期刊目录》收录CSSCI.2010年12期.宋晔.寇茜.[2].文化差异·税收道德精神·税制改革中西方文化差异与我国税收改革取向.《税务与经济》.被北京大学《中文核心期刊要目总览》收录PKU.被南京大学《核心期刊目录》收录CSSCI.2003年1期.彭骥鸣.蔡军.[3].中西方文化差异对我国高校教育的启示.《教育与职业》.被北京大学《中文核心期刊要目总览》收录PKU.2014年17期.喻晴.闾振华.[4].从电影《功夫熊猫》看中西方文化差异.《电影文学》.被北京大学《中文核心期刊要目总览》收录PKU.2012年9期.张丽君.[5].心理社会行为的中西方差异:"性善性恶文化"假设.《西南大学学报（社会科学版）》.被北京大学《中文核心期刊要目总览》收录PKU.被南京大学《核心期刊目录》收录CSSCI.2008年1期.王登峰.崔红.[6].英语跨文化交际教学的思考.《安徽农业大学学报《长白学刊》.被北京大学《中文核心期刊要目总览》收录PKU.2010年3期.朱丽娟.胡忠丽.[8].中西方文化差异在初中英语教学中的运用.《读与写（教育教学刊）》.2015年2期.孙萍.[9].从“先救谁”看中西方文化差异.《读与写（教育教学刊）》.2015年8期.王康妮.[10].神话传说折射出的中西方文化差异.《山西财经大学学报》.被北京大学《中文核心期刊要目总览》收录PKU.被南京大学《核心期刊目录》收录CSSCI.2007年z1期.尹晓予.二、中西方文化差异论文参考文献学位论文类[1].中西方文化差异对体育新闻报道的影响研究.被引次数：2作者：杨超.体育人文社会学西安体育学院2012（学位年度）[2].动画角色表情中的中西方文化差异.被引次数：4作者：姜宾虹.艺术设计学中国美术学院2011（学位年度）[3].中西方文化差异对广告设计的影响.被引次数：2作者：崔源.设计艺术学湖北工业大学2009（学位年度）[4].从“水”的隐喻看中西方文化差异.作者：许伟利.英语语言文学天津师范大学2005（学位年度）[5].中西方文化差异对我国男女篮影响之分析.被引次数：2作者：陈曦.体育教育训练学武汉体育学院2009（学位年度）[6].从文化差异角度论国际贸易合同的翻译.被引次数：2作者：张立.外国语言学与应用语言学西南政法大学2012（学位年度）[7].跨文化交际中的中西传统节日禁忌研究.作者：李燕.汉语国际教育曲阜师范大学2013（学位年度）[8].旅游文本英译的中西文化差异处理——碛口景区资料翻译实践报告. 作者：刘晋宏.翻译山西师范大学2015（学位年度）[9].基于文化视角的中国会计准则与国际会计准则比较研究.被引次数：2 作者：陶灵丽.会计学东华大学2012（学位年度）[10].文化差异与翻译策略.被引次数：4作者：周媛.英语语言文学中国石油大学(华东)2007（学位年度）三、相关中西方文化差异论文外文参考文献[1]ChineseandWesternCulturalDifferencesEmbodiedinIndustrialDesign .C.Zhong《MaterialsScienceForum》,被EI收录EI.2012[2]Crosscultural,valuesandethicsdifferencesandsimilaritiesbetween theUSandAsiancountries. FrediGarciaDianaMendezChrisEllisCaseyGautney 《JournaloftechnologymanagementinChina》,20143[3]ChineseandWesternCulturalDifferencesEmbodiedinIndustrialDesign .C.Zhong2012[4]Isolationandcharacterizationoftwonovelcoloncancercelllinesfrom Chinesepatients. HuDNHwangSMLinXZYangPYTsaiCHHuangQHuangHYHwangMH 《InVitroCellularandDevelopmentalBiology.Animal:JournaloftheTissuesCu ltureAssociation》,被SCI收录SCI.20073/4[5]InfluenceofChineseWesternAestheticCulturalDifferencesonDesignE valuation.J.M.LiX.J.Wang2011[6]DevelopmentofChineseConsumers'BrandLoveConceptualStructureandS cale:WithSportsShoesBrandsasanExample.MingJinShenghuaJia2011[7]Chapter97AnalysisonCrossCulturalFactorsonEnglishTranslation. ZhaoyangGuo2013[8]DevelopmentofChineseconsumers'brandloveconceptualstructureands cale:Withsportsshoesbrandsasanexample.MingJinShenghuaJia2011四、中西方文化差异论文专著参考文献[1]中西方文化差异与科技新闻写作模式的比较研究.傅爱军，2010中国科技新闻学会第十次学术年会[2]科学与艺术的纠结浅谈中西绘画的不同表现形式与中西方文化差异的影响.秦硕茗.秦威，2014第七届海峡两岸科普论坛[3]中药文化视角下的中药复方研究.赵静.李绍平.王一涛，20082008南京国际中医药论坛[4]中西方老年心理健康标准的比较.陈立新，2005首届中国老年学家前沿论坛[5]从民间故事看中西方文化差异以"虎姑婆"和"小红帽"为例.鹿忆鹿，2013中国民间文学与民族历史记忆学术研讨会[6]由程序正义与实质正义的区分看中西方法治社会的差异.徐银花，20082008北京地区哲学专业研究生学术论坛[7]中西方体育文化差异研究从本源文化角度.王雅洁，20112011年上海市研究生学术论坛暨“体育强国目标下的体育发展”专题论坛[8]中西礼貌原则对比分析.王矗.程晓皎，2014软科学论坛——能源环境与技术应用研讨会[9]中国与西方大学管理文化之省视.尤克强，20052005年海峡两岸大学文化高层论坛[10]编校医学期刊论文英文标题应注意的5个问题.吴洋意，2006第五届全国医药卫生期刊管理和学术研讨会。
《西方文化概论》期末考试任课教师：褚新国专业：历史学姓名：王姣学号:1121102911 成绩:第一部分：思考题请就教材每章中你感兴趣的内容列举一则思考题，并分别试作简要回答（每题5分且限100字以内，共20题，满分100分）。
第一章：在两河流域文明史中，波斯人的入侵并无大规模的破坏，又何以使两河流域文明终结？答案：内因：1.依赖于地理环境发展起来的文明，受自然环境的影响较大，在两河流域文明后期过度的农业开发恶化了生存环境，从而使两河流域文明失去发展的基石。
2.两河流域文明发展迅速但没有形成强有力的传承体系，自身生存力量薄弱。
外因：由于外族的入侵，带来两河文明以外的希腊和伊斯兰文明，其对两河流域文明的征服和取代是重要的外部原因第二章：试论“一神论”思想对在“大流散”时期对犹太民族文化发展的影响？答案：犹太教强调一神信仰，使犹太人形成对上帝的绝对认可，有利于犹太民族的信仰团结和民族文化的稳固。
从而使犹太民族在“大流散”时期能够凭借犹太教的维系，与其他民族分别开来，不致被其他民族所同化，从而使犹太民族文化得以长久流传下来。
第三章：试从地理环境角度分析，为什么由西方海洋孕育出的民族能创造出先进的文明，而东方大河孕育出的民族却不能？答案：1.广阔的海洋有利于航运和商业的发展，开阔了人们的视野，有利于思想的开明和自由发展，从而造就先进的海洋文明。
2.大河流域较为闭塞落后，只能发展固定的农业生产，不利于思想的自由发展，注定孕育不出先进的文明。
第四章：罗马王政时期的塞尔维乌斯改革在罗马历史上的作用？答案：1.打破血缘关系维系的社会制度，代之以地域、财产原则为基础的国家制度，标志着罗马私有制和阶级社会的出现，和国家的诞生。
2.以财产划分等级，使富有的平民有机会参与国家政治和社会管理，是罗马早期民主政治的发展雏形。
第五章：为什么在中世纪各种古代文明被毁的西方，基督教却能够生存下来并成为中世纪欧洲社会的主宰？答案：基督教继承了希腊化时代文化中优秀的哲学思想和犹太教坚定的宗教信仰情怀，从而使之具有强大的生命力和适应能力。
I. Multiple ChoicesDIVISION ONE: Greek Culture and Roman Culture1. Which culture reached a high point of development in the 5th century B.C.? _____A. Greek CultureB. Roman CultureC. Egyptian CultureD. Chinese Culture2. In _____ the Romans conquered Greece.A. 1200B.C. B. 700 B.C.C. 146 B.C.D. the 5th century3. Which of the following works described the war led by Agamemnon against the city of Troy? _____A. Oedipus the kingB. IliadC. OdysseyD. Antigone4. Which of the following is NOT the play written by Aeschylus? _____A. AntigoneB. AgamemnonC. PersiansD. Prometheus Bound5. Which of the following is NOT the play written by Sophocles? _____A. ElectraB. AntigoneC. Trojan WomenD. Oedipus the king6. Which of the following is the play written by Euripides? _____A. AntigoneB. PersiansC. ElectraD. Medea7. Which of the following is NOT one of the greatest tragic dramatists of ancient Greece? _____A. AristophanesB. EuripidesC. SophoclesD. Aeschylus8. Who ever said that “You can not step twice into the same river”? _____A. PythagorasB. HeracleitueC. DemocritusD. Aristotle9. Who was the founder of scientific mathematics? _____A. HeracleitueB. AristotleC. SocratesD. Pythagoras10. Who is chiefly noted for his doctrine that “man is the measure of all things”? _____A. ProtagorasB. PythagorasC. PyrrhonD. Epicurus11. Who wrote, “I came, I saw, I conquered”? _____A. HoraceB. Julius CaesarC. Marcus Tullius CiceroD. Virgil12. The author of the philosophical poem On the Nature of Things is _____.A. VirgilB. Julius CaesarC. HoraceD. Lucretius13. Which of the following is not Roman architecture? _____A. The ColosseumB. The PantheonC. The ParthenonD. Pont du Gard14. Who wrote, “Captive Greece took her rude conqueror captive”? ______A. SapphoB. PlatoC. VirgilD. HoraceDIVISION TWO: The Bible and Christianity15. Which of the following is by far the most influential religion in the West? _____A. BuddhismB. IslamismC. ChristianityD. Judaism16. The Old Testament consists of 39 books, the oldest and most important of which re the first five books, called _____.A. ExodusB. CommandmentsC. AmosD. Pentateuch17. Which of the following is NOT the content of the Ten Commandments? _____A. Honor your father and your motherB. Do no commit suicideC. Do not desire your neighbor’s wifeD. Do not take the name of God in vain18. When in Babylon the Hebrews formed synagogues to practice their religion? _____A. in 169B.C. B. in the 4th centuryC. in 76 B.C.D. in the 6th century19. After the _____ century Nestorianism reached China.A. sixthB. fifthC. secondD. third20. Which of the following emperors made Christianity the official religion of the empire and outlawed all other religions? _____A. TheodosiusB. AugustusC. Constantine ID. Nero Caesar21. Which of the following emperors issued the Edict of Milan and made Christianity legal in 313? _____A. AugustusB. TheodosiusC. NeroD. Constantine I22. At the age of 30, Jesus Christ received the baptism at the hands of _____.A. St. PeterB. St. PaulC. John BaptistD. John Wycliff23. By 1693, the whole of the Bible had been translated in _____ languages.A. 228B. 974C. 1202D. 15424. The oldest extant Greek translation of the Old Testament is known as _____.A. the Latin VulgateB. the AristeasC. the “Authorized”D. the Septuagint25. When printing was invented in the 1500’s the _____ Bible was the first complete work printed.A. EnglishB. LatinC. AramaicD. Hebrew26. When did the standard American edition of the Revised Version appear?A. 1885B. 1611C. 1901D. 1979DIVISION THREE: The Middle Ages27. In the later part of the 4th century, which of the following tribes swept into Europe from central Asia, robbing and killing a large number of the half civilized Germanic tribes? _____A. the MongoliansB. the HunsC. the TurkishD. the Syrians28. The Middle Ages is also called the _____.A. “Age of Christianity”B. “Age of Literature”C. “Age of Holy Spirit”D. “Age of Faith”29. According to the code of chivalry, which of the following is not pledged to do for a knight? _____A. to be loyal to his lordB. to fight for the churchC. to obey without question the orders of the abbotD. to respect women of noble birth30. In 732, who gave his soldiers estates known as fiefs as a reward for their service? _____A. Charles Martel, a Frankish rulerB. Charles I, a Turkish rulerC. Constantine I, a Frankish rulerD. St. Benedict, an Italian ruler31. When was the Church divided into the Roman Catholic Church and Eastern Orthodox Church? _____A. after 1066B. after 1296C. after 1054D. after 47632. Which of the following about the knight or noble in the Middle Ages in western Europe is NOT true? _____A. Almost all nobles were knights in the Medieval days.B. A noble began his education as a page at the age of seven.C. As a knight, he was pledged to fight for the church.D. At about fourteen, the page became a knight.33. When was a noble crowned as a knight in the Middle Ages in western Europe? _____A. At the age of 14B. When he was taught to say his prayers, learned good manners and ran errands for the ladies.C. At a special ceremony known as dubbing.D. When he was pledged to fight for the church.34. Which of the following is NOT true about what the monks must do before entering the monastery according to the Benedictine Rule? _____A. They had to attend service six times during the day and once at midnight.B. They could promise to give up all their possession before entering the monastery.C. They were expected to work 5 hours a day in the fields surrounding the monastery.D. They had to obey without question the orders of the abbot.35. Under feudalism, what were the three classes of people of western Europe? _____A. clergy, knights and serfsB. Pope, bishop and peasantsC. clergy, lords and peasantsD. knights, nobles and serfs36. By which year the Moslems had taken over the last Christian stronghold and won crusades and ruled all the territory in Palestine that the crusaders had fought to control?A. 1279B. 1254C. 1096D. 129137. Which of the following was crowned “Emperor of the Romans” by the Pope in 800? _____A. St. Thomas AquinasB. CharlemagneC. ConstantineD. Kings James38. Who was the ruler of the Anglo-Saxon kingdom of Wessex and contributed greatly to the medieval European culture?A. Charles IB. Constantine IC. Alfred the GreatD. Charles the Great39. Does Song of Roland belong to which country’s epic?A. EnglishB. GermanicC. HebrewD. French40. Who is the author of the Opus Maius?A. Roger BaconB. Dante AlighieriC. ChaucerD. St. Thomas AquinasDIVISION FOUR: Renaissance and Reformation41. Where did the Renaissance start with the flowering of paintings, sculpture and architecture? _____A. in Greece and RomeB. in Florence and VeniceC. in Milan and FlorenceD. in Italy and Germany42. When did the Renaissance reach its height with its centre moving to Milan, then to Rome, and created High Renaissance? _____A. in the 11 centuryB. in the 15th centuryC. in the 16th centuryD. in the 17th century43. Which of the following works is written by Boccaccio? _____A. DecameronB. CanzoniersC. DavidD. Moses44. Which of the following works is NOT written by Petrarch? _____A. CanzoniersB. On SolitudeC. EcologuesD. Flight into Egypt45. Who is the author of the painting, Betrayal of Judas? _____A. GiottoB. BrunelleschiC. DonatelloD. Giorgione46. Which of the following High Renaissance artists is the father of the modern mode of painting? _____A. RaphaelB. TitianC. da VinciD. Michelangelo47. Which of the following High Renaissance artists was best known for his Madonna (Virgin Mary)? _____A. TitianB. da VinciC. MichelangeloD. Raphael48. Which of the following paintings was based on the story in the Bible with Maria riding on a donkey ready to face the hardship ahead? _____A. Sacred and Profane LoveB. TempestaC. The Return of the HuntersD. Flight into Egypt49. Who took up the translation of the Bible into English for the first time? _____A. Jan HusB. John WycliffeC. Martin LutherD. John Calvin50. Who is the author Institutes of the Christian Religion? _____A. John WycliffeB. Jan HusC. John CalvinD. Erasmus51. In whose reign did the formal break of the British with the papal authorities take place? _____A. Elizabeth IB. William IC. Edward IIID. Henry VIII52. After the formal break of the British with the papal authorities, who was the head of the church? _____A. KingB. PopeC. BishopD. Archbishop53. Which of the following works was written by Rabelais, in which he praises the greatness of man, expresses his love of life and his reverence and sympathy for humanist learning? _____ A. Gargantua and Pantagruel B. Don QuixoteC. The Praise of FollyD. Utopia54. Whose motto put down in his essays, “What do I know” is world-famous? _____A. CervantesB. RabelaisC. MontaigneD. Shakespeare55. Which of the following works is worth reading for Montaigne’s humanist ideas and a style which is easy and familiar? _____A. SonnetsB. DecameronC. RabelaisD. Of Repentance56. Which of the following is NOT French writer poet? _____A. CervantesB. Pierre de RonsardC. RabelaisD. Montaigne57. In 1516, who published the first Greek edition of the new Testament? _____A. BruegelB. ErasmusC. El GrecoD. Rabelais58. “To be, or not to be, -- that is the question” from whose works? _____A. ChaucerB. DanteC. Roger BaconD. ShakespeareDIVISION FIVE: The Seventeenth Century59. Who ever said that “The modern world, so far as mental outlook is concerned, begins in the 17th century”? _____A. CopernicusB. Francis BaconC. Bertrand RussellD. Leibniz60. The author of The Revolution of the Heavenly Orbs is _____?A. KeplerB. CopernicusC. GalileoD. Newton61. Galileo is the greatest name in the physics of the 17th century. His telescope magnified objects _____.A. a thousand timesB. a hundred timesC. then-thousand timesD. five-hundred times62. Which of the following statements about Newton’s contribution to the science is NOT true? _____A. He discovered the law of the universal gravitation.B. He invented calculusC. He discovered that white light is composed of all the colors of spectrum.D. He discovered the law of relativity.63. Which of the following about Galileo is NOT true? _____A. He invented the telescope and was the first to apply the telescope to the study of the skies.B. He discovered the law of inertia.C. He discovered the importance of acceleration in dynamics.D. He was the first to establish the law of falling bodies.64. The first major advance of modern science occurred in _____.A. anatomyB. astronomyC. printingD. geographically discoveries65. _____ and Newton invented independently the differential and integral calculus.A. DescartesB. CopernicusC. LeibnizD. Kepler66. Engels said: “The revolutionary act by which natural science declared its independence… was the publication of the immortal work…”, what does the immortal work refer to? _____A. Sidereus NunciusB. New Essays Concerning Human UnderstandingC. New System of NatureD. The Revolution of the Heavenly Orbs67. Who ever said that “Knowledge is power”? _____A. ShakespeareB. Francis BaconC. Thomas HobbesD. John Locke68. Which of the following works was not written by Francis Bacon? _____A. Essay Concerning Human UnderstandingB. The Novum Organum (New Method)C. The New AtlanticsD. The Advancement of Learning69. Which of the following philosophers believed that man is selfish by nature? _____A. John LockeB. DescartesC. Pierre GassendiD. Thomas Hobbes70. What kind of form of government is England after the Glorious Revolution and enactment of the Bill of Rights? _____A. constitutional monarchyB. republicC. anarchyD. absolute monarchy71. When did the Glorious Revolution in England bread out?A. 1660B. 1649C. 1688D. 168972. Which of the following woks is NOT written by John Milton? _____A. Paradise LostB. AreopagiticaC. Samson AgonistesD. Andromaque73. In 1644, John Milton wrote a protest against a parliamentary decree reimposing complete censorship of the press. This was his best known prose _____.A. AndromaqueB. ArepagiticaC. Paradise LostD. Paradise Regained74. Which of the following is NOT the content of the Bill of Rights which limited the Sovereign’s power in certain important directions? _____A. Parliament was responsible for all the law making.B. The power of suspending the laws by royal authority was declared to be illegal.C. The King should levy no money at any time.D. The King should not keep a standing army in time of peace without consent of Parliament.75. Which of the following philosophers ever said “I think, therefore I am”? _____A. Francis BaconB. Pierre GassendiC. DescartesD. John Locke76. Which of the following works displays the grand style of Corneille’s work? _____A. Le CidB. AndromaqueC. TartuffeD. Le Misanthrope77. Which of the following philosophers believed that knowledge of the universe and certain principles and laws of physics is innate? _____A. John LockeB. Pierre GassendiC. Francis BaconD. Descartes78. “I walk, therefore I am” is whose slogan? _____A. John LockeB. Pierre GassendiC. DescartesD. Francis Bacon79. Which of the following artists helped to bring the Roman Baroque style to its climax? _____A. RubensB. BorrominiC. CaravaggioD. Bernini80. Which of the following artists helped to spread the Baroque style to North Europe? _____A. RubensB. VelazquezC. BorrominiD. Bernini81. In painting of the 17th century, who won international fame and his style is basically classical, his figures are frozen and their action stiff? _____A. Christopher WrenB. RembrandtC. PoussinD. Rubbes82. In the middle of the 17th century, which country was the richest and most powerful in Europe? _____A. FlanderB. the NetherlandsC. EnglandD. FranceDIVISION SIX: The Age of Enlightenment83. Whose doctrines of the separation of powers became one of the most important principles of the U.S. constitution? _____A. John LockeB. RousseauC. MontesquieuD. V oltaire84. Which of the following works is the most famous of V oltaire’s novel? _____A. CandideB. The New HeloiseC. EmileD. Laocoon85. “Man is born free, and everywhere he is in chains” are whose most famous word? _____A. MontesquieuB. RousseauC. V oltaireD. Diderot86. In which of Rousseau’s works, Rousseau argues that Man’s greatest ill are not natural but made by man himself; the remedy lies also within man’s power? _____A. The Origin of Human InequalityB. The New HeloiseC. Emile or On EducationD. The Social Contract87. Who ever said that “Nature made men happy and good, but society makes him evil and miserable”? _____A. DiderotB. V oltaireC. MontesquieuD. Rousseau88. In which of Diderot’s works, the author developed his materialist philosophy and fore-shadowed the doctrine of evolutions as later proposed by Charles Darwin? _____A. Rameau’s NephewB. Philosophical ThoughtC. EncyclopedieD. Elements of Physiology89. Which of the Lessing’s works was his most brilliant dramatic work, a landmark in 18th century German drama—its first successful comedy and its first truly national drama? _____A. Nathan the WiseB. LaocoonC. Hamburgische DramaturgieD. Minna Von Barnhelm90. Which of the following works is a classic of modern aesthetics? _____A. LaocoonB. FaustC. The RobberD. Wallenstein91. Which of the following works represents Schiller’s most powerful tragedy? _____A. Wilhelm TellB. WallensteinC. Cabal and LoveD. The Robber92. Which of the following philosophers first proposed the well-known “Nebular hypothesis”? _____A. KantB. DescartesC. LockeD. Hobbes93. Which play by Schiller is widely known in China? _____A. The RobberB. WallensteinC. Wilhelm TellD. Cabal and LoveDIVISION SEVEN: Romanticism94. Which of the following writers whose prose revealed an acid wit and a keen awareness of the social problems of his time and was a friend of Karl Marx, who admired his writings? _____ A. Goethe B. SchillerC. HeineD. Pushkin95. Which of the following two poets were called the “Lakers”? _____A. Wordsworth and ColeridgeB. Goethe and SchillerC. Byron and KeatsD. Pushkin and Lermontov96. Who is the author of Prometheus Unbound? _____A. KeatsB. ShelleyC. ByronD. Aeschylus97. Which of the following writers or poets is usually called the father of European historical novel? _____A. GoetheB. Victor HugoC. PushkinD. Walter Scott98. Who is the author of Notre Dame de Paris and Les Miserables on which there have been many films based? _____A. George SandB. Victor HugoC. Daniel DefoeD. Henry Fielding99. Which of the following Romantic writers ever fought for women’s freedom in love and marriage? _____A. George SandB. ChateaubriandC. Victor HugoD. Taylor Coleridge100. “If winter comes, can spring be far behind?” is from the ending of which of the following works? _____A. Ode to a NightingaleB. Eugene OneginC. Ode to the West WindD. The French Revolution101. Which of the following writers is a female writer whose real name was Amandine Aurore Dupin? _____A. George SandB. WordsworthC. William BlakeD. John Keats102. Which of the following writers wrote Ode to a Nightingale and died very young? _____A. ByronB. KeatsC. ShellyD. Wordsworth103. Which of the following works was introduced to China at the end of the 19th century through Lin Shu’s translation, which bore the romantic title《撒克逊劫后英雄略》? _____A. The Heart of Mid-LothianB. Boris GodunovC. The BetrothedD. Ivanhoe104. Which of the following works was NOT written by Russian writer Pushkin? _____A. Ruslan and LiudmilaB. Boris GodunovC. A Hero of Our TimeD. Eugene Onegin105. In which of the following works did Pushkin create a character, Onegin, who was the first “Superfluous man” in Russian literature? _____A. Eugene OneginB. Boris GodunovC. Ruslan and LiudmilaD. A Hero of Our Time106. Which of the following writers is the greatest Polish writer during the Romanticism? _____ A. Lenmontov B. ChateaubriandC. LeopardiD. Mickiewicz107. Which of the following works was published as the beginning of Romanticism in Polish literature? _____A. Lyrical BalladsB. Ballads and RomancesC. Pan TadeuszD. Konrad Wallenrod108. Which of the following Mickiwicz’s works is his greatest epic poem, which the poet himself once compared with Scott’s historical novels? _____A. Sonnets from the CrimeaB. Konrad WallenrodC. Ballads and RomancesD. Pan Tadeusz109. Which of the following artists is NOT French? _____A. GoyaB. DavidC. DelacroixD. Gericault110. Which of the following artists was best known for his portraits of royalty and nobility? _____ A. David B. TurnerC. GoyaD. Constable111. Which of the following artists was an English landscape painter? _____A. DelacroixB. TurnerC. DavidD. Goya112. Whose symphony NO. 6 (Pastoral) marked the beginning of 19th-century program music? _____A. MozartB. SchumannC. BeethovenD. Schubert113. Which of the following musicians was NOT from Germany?A. MendelssohnB. BrahmsC. SchumannD. Chopin114. Who is the author of the famous Piano Music Waltzes? _____A. TchaikovskyB. BrahmsC. SchumannD. Schubert115. Which of the following musicians sought to revolutionize the opera by making it a combination of the arts: dramatic, musical, and scenic? _____A. BerliozB. ChopinC. WagnerD. Verdi116. Who introduced the symphonic poem and invented new piano techniques and became the greatest pianist of the middle of 19th century? _____A. LisztB. SchubertC. BeethovenD. BerliozMYTHOLOGY117. In Homer’s epic poem of the 9th century B. C., who is the god of earthquake? _____A. AresB. PoseidonC. DionysusD. Poseidon118. Who made the first beautiful woman that ever lived? And what was her name? _____A. Hephaestus; HelenB. Prometheus; HelenC. Hephaestus; PandoraD. Prometheus; Pandora119. Whose shield bears at its centre the head of the Gorgon? _____A. Zeus’s aegisB. Poseidon’s aegisC. Apollo’s aegisD. Hephaestus’s aegis120. In what book is faithful and wise Penelope a character, waiting for a score of years for herhusband’s return home? _____A. Aeschylus’s Prometheus BoundB. Aeschylus’s AgamemnonC. Homer’s IliadD. Homer’s The Odyssey121. Who was Achates? _____A. In Vergil’s Aeneid, the faithful companion and friend of AeneasB. In Vergil’s Aeneid, a Trojan princeC. In Vergil’s Aeneid, son of AphroditeD. In Vergil’s Aeneid, founder of Roman Empire122. In the Arthurian Romance, who were the parents of Sir Galahad, the purest knight of the Round Table who gained the Holy Grail? _____A. Arthur and GuinevereB. Arthur and ElaineC. Lancelot and ElaineD. Lancelot and Guinevere123. Whose head turned all beholders to stone? _____A. Stheno’sB. Medusa’sC. Euryale’sD. Ceto’s124. Who used a polished shield to behead the Gorgon Medusa? _____A. JupiterB. AcrisiusC. PolydectesD. Perseus125. For whom was Europe named? _____A. Europa, a Phoenician princessB. Eruopa, the Phoenician queen of TyreC. Europa, the daughter of ZeusD. Europa, an ancient Greek goddess126. What little girl was changed into gold by her father? _____A. MedusaB. CalthiaC. MarigoldD. Nereid127. What twins were abandoned as babies, suckled by a she-wolf and brought up by a shepherd? _____A. Castor and PolluxB. Amphion and ZethosC. Hypnos (Sleep) and ThanatosD. Romulus and Remus128. Who holds the Earth on his shoulders? _____A. MenoetiusB. AtlasC. EpimetheusD. Prometheus129. Who built the labyrinth for King Minos? _____A. DaedalusB. MinotaurC. ErichthoniusD.Icarus130. Who fell, consumed by flames, at Jason’s feet? _____A. MedeaB. CreonC. CreusaD. Glauce131. Who sleeps in perpetual dreamy slumber upon Mt. Latmos, visited by the moon-goddess every night? _____A. HypnosB. ZeusC. EndymionD. Selene132. Pygmalion and Galatea, his ivory statue which came to life, had a son. Who was he? _____ A. Paphos B. OvidC. PolluxD. Aphrodite133. What caused Orpheus to turn around, when he and his wife Euryidce were leaving Hell? _____A. Eurydice stumbled over a stone.B. Eurydice screamed because Cerberus (Kerberos) snarled.C. Orpheus felt Cerberus (Kerberos) after him.D. Orpheus heard Cerberus (Kerberos) snarling at them.134. What fleet goddess was so fascinated by three golden apples (of Aphrodite, dropped by Hippomenes, also called Melanion) in her path that she lost a race? _____A. ThemisB. AstraeaC. AtalantaD. Hippomenes135. Argus was a giant with 100 eyes. Where did his eyes go after his death? _____A. Turned into a stoneB. Turned into the peacock’s tailC. Transferred to Zeus’s aegisD. Transferred to the peacock’s tail136. For what had the left one of an Amazon’s breasts been cut off? _____A. For saving her lifeB. For the convenience of shooting arrowsC. For showing her loyalty to TroyD. For punishing her for her disloyalty137. Who was the most famous German siren? _____A. The LoreleiB. ArtemisC. ArethusaD. Alpheus138. What Roman woodland nymph was changed into a fountain? _____A. ArtemisB. CallistoC. ArethusaD. The Lorelei139. A hunter named Actaeon was changed by Diana into a _____ and was torn to pieces by his own hounds for having seen her bathing?A. rabbitB. stagC. lambD. antelope140. What daring kidnapping took place in Roman mythology? _____A. AthenaB. DemeterC. AstraeaD. Persephone141. What beautiful nymph was changed into a bear by the vengeful queen Hera? _____A. AlpheusB. ArethusaC. CallistoD. The Lorelei142. Who raped Alcmene disguised as her own husband? _____A. ZeusB. ElectryonC. PerseusD. Amphitryon143. Who was the Egyptian queen of the gods? _____A. JunoB. HeraC. IsisD. Aphrodite144. Who became Aeneas’ wife after his journeys? _____A. VenusB. AndromacheC. LaviniaD. Amata145. What lovely blooming nymph was saved by her river-god father by being changed into a tree? _____A. CallistoB. DaphneC. ArtemisD. Arethusa146. Who was the father of Odysseus? _____A. TelemachusB. SisyphusC. ArcesiusD. Laertes147. In classical mythology whose six sons and six daughters represent the twelve months? _____ A. Aeolus B. DionysusC. AresD. Achelous148. What was the wedding gift of Gaea to Hera?A. The gold ringB. The golden applesC. The crystal cupD. The ruby crown149. Who killed himself out of jealousy when Ulysses (Latin name for Odysseus) received the armor of Achilles? _____A. PhiloctetesB. ParisC. Great AjaxD. Lesser Ajax150. What kind of ears did King Midas have after he announced as judge in favor of Pan the god of woods who could make sweeter music than Apollo? _____A. rabbit’s earsB. stag’s earsC. dog’s earsD. ass’s ears151. What do Athena and Dionysus have in common? _____A. They share the same father, Zeus.B. Both of them were born from Zeu s’ forehead.C. They share the same mother, Metis.D. They share the same mortal mother, Semele.152. Who was the Greek god of war? _____A. PoseidonB. HephaestusC. AresD. Hades153. For what is the mythical creature Echidna well-known? _____A. Its tears were thought to heal wound.B. It was considered the protector of the divineC. It had the upper body of a bull and the lower body of a man.D. It gave birth to many monsters.154. What food had Persephone been tempted to taste during her stay in Hades? _____A. appleB. pomegranateC. pineappleD.guava155. Whose arrow pierced Achilles’ vulnerable heel and so slew him? _____A. Hector’sB. Helenus’sC. AeneasD. Paris’156. What was not shared by the three old sea goddesses called Graeae? ____A. one eyeB. one toothC. knowing the whereabouts of their sisters, the GorgonsD. red hair157. Leda and the Swan are well known in ancient mythology. Who was the Swan? _____A. ZeusB. Eros。
