如何用英语口语谈论自己的观点

英语作文如何表达自己的观点As an English professor, I am wellversed in writing various types of English essays. In this essay, I will discuss how to express one's opinions effectively in English writing.Firstly, it is important to have a clear understanding of the topic and your own stance on it. Before beginning the writing process, take some time to think critically about the issue at hand and develop a wellrounded perspective. This will help you to articulate your point of view in a cohesive manner.Secondly, it is crucial to use appropriate language and sentence structures to convey your message effectively. This means using formal vocabulary and grammar, avoiding slang or colloquialisms, and organizing your thoughts in a logical and coherent way. Additionally, using rhetorical devices such as metaphors, anecdotes, and rhetorical questions can help to engage your reader and strengthen your argument.Thirdly, it is important to back up your opinions with evidence and examples. Providing concrete examples and supporting evidence can not only strengthen your argument but also show your readers thatyou have thoroughly researched and considered the topic at hand.Finally, it is important to acknowledge opposing viewpoints and address them in a respectful and thoughtful manner. This not only shows your readers that you have considered alternative perspectives but also strengthens your own argument by addressing potential counterarguments.Overall, expressing oneself effectively in English writing involves having a clear understanding of the topic, using appropriate language and sentence structures, supporting opinions with evidence, and addressing opposing viewpoints. By following these guidelines, you can effectively communicate your thoughts and ideas in English writing.。

英语口语技巧 14种表达意见的方式In life we're often asked to give our opinion, or in some cases, we give our opinion even if it hasn't been asked for!生活中，经常有人会询问我们的意见，或者在某些情况下，即使没有被询问，我们也会给出自己的意见。

Sometimes we can be very direct with our opinion and it won't upset the other person. However, more often than not we need to be careful how we share our thoughts so as not to offend or hurt the other person's feelings. This can be especially true in business where cultural differences can have a detrimental effect on business dealings.有时我们可以非常直接地表达我们的意见，且不会让别人不开心。

但是，为了不伤害或冒犯到他人，我们通常需要小心翼翼的分享我们的想法。

这在商界尤其重要，因为文化差异可能会对交易产生不利影响。

The British are especially careful when giving their opinion (in business, that is). They often don't want to cause offence and consequently, will start their sentences using certain expressions to soften the blow. A number of my clients have said that the British are very polite and considerate in their dealings with colleagues and clients. So much so, that the British way of doing business is often admired.英国人在表达自己的意见时特别小心（在商界）。

英语作文中我的观点是什么In an English essay, it's crucial to express your viewpoint clearly and persuasively. Whether you're discussing a literary work, a societal issue, or ascientific concept, your perspective forms the backbone of your argument. Here's how to articulate your viewpoint effectively in English:1. Introduction: Begin by introducing the topic without revealing your viewpoint explicitly. Provide some background information and context to orient the reader. End the introduction with a clear thesis statement that outlines the main point you will argue in the essay.2. Body Paragraphs: Dedicate each body paragraph to a specific aspect or argument supporting your viewpoint.Start each paragraph with a topic sentence that states the main idea, followed by supporting evidence, examples, and analysis. Ensure a logical flow between paragraphs,building a cohesive argument.3. Counterarguments: Acknowledge and refute potential counterarguments to strengthen your position. Addressing opposing views demonstrates critical thinking and enhances the credibility of your argument. However, always reaffirm the superiority of your viewpoint through compelling evidence and reasoning.4. Evidence and Examples: Use a variety of evidence, such as statistics, studies, anecdotes, and expert opinions, to bolster your argument. Concrete examples help illustrate abstract concepts and make your viewpoint more relatable to the reader.5. Language and Style: Utilize clear, concise language and a formal writing style appropriate for academic essays. Pay attention to grammar, punctuation, and sentencestructure to convey your ideas effectively. Avoid slang, jargon, or overly complex language that may obscure your message.6. Conclusion: Summarize your main arguments andrestate your viewpoint in the conclusion. Emphasize the significance of your perspective and its implications. End with a compelling closing statement that leaves a lasting impression on the reader.Remember, the strength of your essay lies not only in the clarity and coherence of your writing but also in the depth of your analysis and the persuasiveness of your arguments. Be thorough in your research, thoughtful in your reasoning, and confident in presenting your viewpoint.。

[表达决定和个人观点的常用英语口语]常用英语口语900句1. I’m old enough to make up my own mind.我已经大了,可以自己做决定了。

2. For one thing, I’ve got to drop by the bank to get some money.我不得不去银行提些钱。

3. It’ll take almost all my savings to buy the ticket.买这张票,几乎花费了我所有积蓄。

4. I’ve got a lot of things to do before I can leave.在我走之前,我有很多事情要做。

5. I’ll see you off at the airport.我会去机场送你。

6. He’ll always be indebted to you for what youve done.对你所做的事情,他总是感激不尽。

7. In my opinion,the house isn’t worth the price they’re asking.依我看,这间房子根本不值他们要的价钱。

8. I didn’t realize the time had passed so quickly.我没有意识到时间过的这样快。

9. I’ve always tried not to interfere in your affairs.我总是尽力地不干涉你的工作。

10. In general, my reaction is favorable.总体来说, 我的反映还是很受欢迎的。

感谢您的阅读！。

英语辩论赛常用句式一陈述观点（stating an opinion）In my opinion 我的意见是Personally I think 我个人认为I believe/think that 我相信，我认为The point is that 我的观点就是As far as I am concerned ... 就我而言...in my experience...根据我的经验......From where I stand 从我的立场看来二同意观点（agree an opinion）I agree completely. 我完全赞同I agree with you entirely.我完全同意你所说的。

You’re absolutely right.显然你是对的。

That’s a good point.这个看法不错。

I couldn’t agree with you more.我绝对赞成你。

That’s just what I think.我就是那样认为的。

I feel the same way.我也持同样的想法。

三反对意见（disagreeing with an opinion）......however，......然而......I’m afraid i disagree.恐怕我是持反对意见的。

I don’t think so.我不那样认为。

I don’t think…我认为……不是那样的。

on the contrary. 相反的。

That’s not （entirely）true. 那不（完全）正确。

I can’t possibly agree with you.我不可能同意你。

I hate to disagree with you，but......我不喜欢反对你，但......All right，but don’t you think......？好吧，但难道你不觉得......But that’s different.但那是不一样的。

表达自己观点的英语演讲技巧Expressing Your Opinion: English Public Speaking TechniquesIntroduction:Public speaking is an essential skill that can significantly impact your personal and professional life. Articulating your opinions effectively in English can be particularly challenging for non-native speakers. However, with the right techniques, you can overcome this hurdle and become a confident English public speaker. In this article, we will explore key strategies for expressing your viewpoints in English speeches.1. Mastering the Basics of Public Speaking:Before diving into the specifics of expressing your opinions, it is crucial to have a solid foundation in public speaking. Focus on these fundamental aspects:a. Confidence: Believe in your ability to deliver a compelling speech. Practice regularly to build confidence and overcome stage fright.b. Body language: Pay attention to your posture, hand gestures, and facial expressions. Maintain eye contact with your audience and use appropriate body language to convey your message effectively.c. Voice modulation: Vary your tone, volume, and pace to emphasize key points and maintain the audience's interest. A monotonous voice can make your speech dull and less impactful.d. Organization: Structure your speech logically with an introduction, body, and conclusion. Ensure smooth transitions between ideas and maintain a coherent flow throughout.2. Developing Clear and Concise Opinions:To effectively express your viewpoints, it is essential to have clarity in your own mind. Follow these steps to strengthen your opinions:a. Research: Before developing an opinion on any topic, gather relevant information from credible sources. This will equip you with facts and evidence to support your arguments.b. Critical thinking: Analyze different perspectives on the subject matter. Consider both the pros and cons to develop a well-rounded opinion. This will help you address potential counterarguments later in your speech.c. Organize your thoughts: Create an outline or mind map of your key arguments and supporting evidence. This will help you articulate your opinions in a structured and coherent manner during your speech.3. Utilizing Effective Language:a. Use persuasive language: Employ powerful words and phrases to convince your audience about the validity of your opinion. Words such as "essential," "crucial," and "compelling" can strengthen the impact of your viewpoint.b. Utilize rhetorical devices: Employ rhetorical devices like repetition, parallelism, and metaphors to enhance the effectiveness of your speech. They add variety and keep your audience engaged.c. Incorporate personal anecdotes: Sharing personal experiences or stories can make your speech relatable and memorable. It helps the audience connect with your viewpoint on a deeper level.d. Avoid jargon and complex language: Ensure that your language is accessible to a diverse audience. Steer clear of technical jargon or complicated vocabulary unless necessary. Use plain and understandable language to maximize comprehension.4. Addressing Counterarguments:Acknowledge and address opposing viewpoints in your speech to showcase your ability to consider alternative perspectives. This demonstrates your thoughtfulness and strengthens the credibility of your opinion. Follow these techniques:a. Anticipate counterarguments: Analyze potential objections that your audience might have and prepare well-reasoned responses. Be respectful and avoid being defensive when addressing opposing views.b. Use credible evidence: Back your opinions with solid evidence and data. This will make your arguments more convincing and help you counter any objections effectively.c. Employ empathy: Show empathy towards differing opinions, even if you strongly disagree. This will foster a positive environment for constructive dialogue and open-mindedness among your audience.Conclusion:Mastering the art of expressing your opinions in English speeches requires practice, preparation, and effective communication strategies. By developing confidence, organizing your thoughts, utilizing persuasive language, and addressing counterarguments, you can become an influential English public speaker. Remember, expressing your viewpoints effectively not only showcases your own perspective but also encourages critical thinking and open dialogue among your audience.。

英语口语范文实例展示在日常生活中，我们经常需要用到英语进行交流。

然而，很多人在学习英语口语时会遇到困难，不知道如何正确地表达自己的想法和观点。

为了帮助大家更好地掌握英语口语，下面将展示一些实用的英语口语范文实例。

1. 自我介绍 (Self-introduction)Good morning/afternoon/evening, everyone. My name is [Your Name]. I am from [Your Country]. I am [age] years old and currently studying/working as a[major/profession]. In my free time, I enjoy [hobbies/interests]. I am excited to be here and look forward to getting to know all of you.大家早上/下午/晚上好。

我叫[你的名字]，来自[你的国家]。

我今年[年龄]岁，目前正在学习/从事[专业/职业]。

我的业余时间喜欢[爱好/兴趣]。

很高兴能来到这里，期待能与大家相互了解。

2. 提出建议 (Giving Suggestions)I think we should...我认为我们应该...How about trying...要不要试试看...Why don't we...我们为什么不...In my opinion, it would be a good idea to...依我之见，这是个好主意...3. 打电话 (Making a Phone Call)Hello, may I speak to [person's name]?你好，我能找[人名]吗？This is [Your Name] calling.我是[你的名字]。

I'm calling regarding...我打电话是为了...Could you please pass the message to [person's name]?请你把信息转告给[人名]好吗？4. 邀请 (Inviting)Would you like to join me for [activity]?你愿意和我一起参加[活动]吗？I'd like to invite you to [place/event].我想邀请你去[地方/活动]。

英语写作中如何表示自己观点在英语的写作中，懂得清晰的表达自己的观点是一门重要技能，今天店铺在这里为大家整理了关于英语写作中如何表示自己观点，希望会对大家的英语写作能力有所帮助!英语写作中如何表示自己观点表明自己观点的精华短语：1.In the case of me，就我而言2.As far as I'm concerned，就我而言3.In my humble opinion，以我愚见4.I hold that我持有这样的观点5.It occured to me that我突然想到6.When it comes to sth=Speaking of sth一提到……(某事、某物、某人)7.I share with sb. the same views我和某人有同样的观点8.What impresed me most was that=What concerns me most is让我印象最深的是……'9.I have every reason to believe我完全有理由相信10.Mind that I say=keep in mind记住我说的11.I desperately hope that我强烈地期望12.I firmly hold the belief that= I firmly believe that我坚定地相信13.I couldn't help looking back on sth.我忍不住想起14.I do hope that我只是希望15.I have some piece of advice about sht.我有一些关于……的建议16.Believe it or not.信不信由你17.The very thougt of……delight me正是这个想法使我高兴18.We should keep it in mind that.我们应该记住19.I‘ll put forward the suggestion我将提出我的建议20.I'll live by such a statement我想要引用这么一个谚语21.I couldn't sighing with emotion我不禁喟叹22.We have no choice but to我们别无选择，除了……23. I make an urgent appeal that我急切地呼吁英语写作表达自己观点的句型1. When asked about…, most people say… But many other people regard…as… I personally think…当被问及对……有什么看法时，大多数人认为……但是，还有很多人认为……我个人认为……2. When it comes to…, some people think that… Others arguethat the opposite is true. There is probably some truth to both arguments, but…涉及……这一问题，有的人认为应该……另一些人持相反意见。

雅思口语之表达自己观点10种方式
1.I think / believe / feel / believe that…（我认为/相信/觉得…）
2.I am of the opinion that…（我的观点是…）
3.In my opinion,…（在我看来，…）
4.Personally, I believe that…（我个人认为…）
5.From my perspective,…（从我的角度来看，…）
6.As far as I am concerned,…（就我而言，…）
7.I would argue that…（我认为…）
8.I would say that…（我认为…）
9.I feel strongly that…（我强烈认为…）
10.My viewpoint is that…（我的观点是…）
在表达自己的观点时，可以使用不同的句式和词汇来丰富语言表达，同时要注意逻辑性和条理性。

可以通过使用转折词、因果关系等来加强表达的力度和说服力。

注意：避免使用过多的“I”和“think”，可以在句子中加入其他的主语形式，如“I believe”改为“It is widely believed that…”。

在日常生活中，每个人都需要表达自己的观点。

如果只是一味地用“I think…”就会非常乏味。

其实表达观点的句型非常多，下面送给大家十个表达个人观点的高级句型。

1.In my opinion,we should believe him this time.依我看，这次我们应该相信他。

【信任是非常重要的！】2.In my view,he will surely forgive you if you apologize.我觉得，如果你道歉的话，他肯定会原谅你的。

【要敢于承认错误！】3.I suppose (that)the book will be helpful to you.我觉得这本书对你会有帮助。

4.I maintain that nothing can take the place of hard work.我认为，没有什么能够取代努力。

【take the place of：代替；取代】5.As far as I’m concerned,everyone should be given an equal opportunity.在我看来，每个人都应该有公平的机会。

【机会面前人人平等！】6.As I see it,this is of great importance.依我看来，这非常重要。

7.From where I stand,what he just said was somewhat reasonable.从我的立场来看，他刚才说的话有些道理。

8.It seems to me that he doe sn’t know what he is doing.我觉得他好像不知道自己在干什么。

9.From my point of view,health is the most valuable wealth.在我看来，健康是最宝贵的财富。

【好身体是一切的基础！】10.It’s my feeling that attitude is more important than ability.我觉得态度比能力更重要。

英语口语中的讨论与辩论技巧在当今全球化的时代，英语口语的重要性日益凸显。

无论是在学术交流、商务谈判还是日常社交中，能够清晰、准确、有力地表达自己的观点，并参与到讨论与辩论中，都是一项非常重要的技能。

接下来，让我们一起深入探讨英语口语中的讨论与辩论技巧。

一、清晰准确的表达首先，要确保自己的发音清晰准确。

良好的发音是有效沟通的基础，通过练习元音和辅音的发音，以及注意单词的重音和语调，可以让我们的话语更易于理解。

词汇的选择也至关重要。

尽量使用简洁明了的词汇，避免过于复杂或生僻的词汇，以免造成理解障碍。

同时，要注意词汇的准确性，确保所使用的词汇能够精准地传达自己的意思。

语法的正确运用是清晰表达的关键。

避免语法错误，特别是在时态、语态和句子结构方面。

正确的语法能够让我们的观点更有条理，增强说服力。

二、积极倾听在讨论与辩论中，倾听对方的观点同样重要。

积极倾听不仅能够让我们更好地理解对方的立场，还能为我们的回应提供有力的依据。

集中注意力，专注于对方所说的话，不要分心。

可以通过眼神交流、点头等肢体语言向对方表示自己在认真倾听。

在倾听的过程中，尝试理解对方的核心观点和论据，同时分析其逻辑结构和不足之处。

三、有效提问提问是推动讨论深入的重要手段。

通过恰当的问题，可以澄清对方的观点，挖掘更多的信息，或者引导对方思考。

开放性问题能够鼓励对方展开详细的回答，例如“你为什么会有这样的想法？”“你能具体谈谈这个方案的实施步骤吗？”针对性问题则可以聚焦于特定的观点或细节，比如“你提到的这个数据是从哪里获取的？”四、组织观点在表达自己的观点之前，先在脑海中组织好思路。

可以采用总分总的结构，先提出自己的核心观点，然后列举相关的论据和例子进行支持，最后总结强调自己的观点。

例如，如果讨论的主题是“是否应该限制社交媒体的使用”，可以先表明自己的立场，如“我认为应该限制社交媒体的使用”，接着列举出社交媒体带来的负面影响，如沉迷、信息泄露等，并用具体的案例加以说明，最后再次总结强调限制使用的必要性。

表达个人观点的英文对话句型需要表达自己的观点时，要怎么说才能够确切地表达出自己的想法而不会造成误解呢?下面是店铺给大家整理的表达个人观点的英文对话句型，供大家参阅!表达个人观点的英文对话句型：表达个人观点句型1. As far as I am concerned, I agree with the latter opinion to some extent.2. As far as I am concerned, I am really/completely in favor of the test/policy.3. In conclusion/a word, I believe that….4. There is some truth in both arguments, but I think the disadvantages of… outweigh its advantages.5. In my opinion/view, we should….6. As for me, I….7. As I see it, ….8. From my point of view, ….9. Personally, I think….10. My view is that….11. I think/consider….12. I take/hold a negative/positive view of….表达个人观点的英文对话句型：议论文中表达个人观点句型I....has both advantages and disadvantages.……既有利又有弊。

例如：1.Obviously television has both advantages and disadvantages.2.Living in a city has both advantages and disadvantages.pared with cars，bikes have their advantages and disadvantages.举一反三：1.Although computers bring people a lot of convenience，they have many disadvantages.2....has many advantages.For example，...However，just as every coin has two sides，...has its disadvantages.(本例将利弊分开讲，转折过渡自然。

表达自己观点的英语句子学以致用,学习语言就是为了运用。

学好英语,关键是学好句子。

在小学阶段,句型如果掌握不好,则在表达、传递信息和交际时不能顺利进行,将直接影响学生学习英语的兴趣和信心。

店铺分享表达自己观点的英语句子，仅供参考!最新的表达自己观点的英语句子1：We cannot all be masters, nor all masters cannot be truly followed. (Othello 3)不是每个人都能做主人，也不是每个主人都能值得仆人忠心的服侍。

——《奥赛罗》2：how many days you heal the wounded and rescue the dying, fighting in the first line.多少个白昼，你们战斗在救死扶伤的第一线。

3：夜深了，幻念一场相思织梦，看窗外树叶沙沙4：a point less trouble, will be more happy; forget the troubles, will be happy all the time.少一分烦恼，就会多一分快乐;忘却了烦恼，就会时时快乐。

5：i feel happy at times we have had angry words but these have been kissed away.我们生气争执时，爱的双唇把它们吻得无影无踪，我的心也顿觉甜蜜表达观点的英语句子 60句表达观点的英语句子 60句。

6：at the touch of love everyone becomes a poet. 每一个沐浴在爱河中的人都是诗人。

7：meeting you was fate,and falling in love with you was out of my control.遇见你是命运的安排而爱上你是我情不自禁表达观点的英语句子8：little drops of water finally can wear stone, not because it is strong, but due to circadian won’t drop pendant.涓滴之水终可以磨损大石，不是由于它力量强大，而是由于昼夜不舍的滴坠。

表达自己的观点英语1.As far as I am concerned, I agree with the latter opinion to some extent.就我而言，在某种程度上我同意后者的观点。

2.As far as I am concerned, I am really/completely in favor of the test/ policy.就我而言，我真的/完全支持这场测试/这个政策。

3.In conclusion/ In a word, I believe that diligence leads to success.总之，我相信勤奋出成功。

4.There is some truth in both arguments, but I think the disadvantages of the former outweigh its advantages.这两种观点都有一定的道理，但我认为前者的缺点超过了它的优点。

5.In my opinion/view, we should keep on trying until the last minute.在我看来，我们应该坚持到最后一分钟。

6.As for me, I will choose to stay.至于我，我会选择留下。

7.As I see it, you should consult your doctor about your health immediately.依我看，你应该立马去看医生了解你的健康状况。

8.From my point of view, you should go to your teacher for help.在我看来，你该向老寻求帮助。

9.Personally, I think you will pick up my answer.我认为，你会采纳我的答案的。

10.My view is that…我的观点是......11.I think/ consider…我认为/考虑......12.I take/ hold a negative/ positive view of…我对......采取/保持消极的/积极的看法。

英语口语表达自己观点的句子1. 英语中表达想法的句子有哪些I think -- - / I don't think -- - - To my mindIn my opinionmy view is (that)- - - - as I see / know, - - - - - It is my view / opinion / idea that - - - - I feel / sense that - - - - I believe / guess / am sure that -- - - -It is my belief that - - - -。

2. 用英语表达个人见解的句子有哪些表达观点的句型：I think 。

As far as I am concerned。

For my part。

Personally speaking。

As to me,。

As I see it,。

It seems to me that。

In my view。

If I may say so, I think。

I'm of the opinion that。

If you ask me,。

I believe/feel。

In my opinion ,。

3. 收集英文表达观点的句型1)It is true that 。

, but one vital point is being left out.2) There is a grain of truth in these statements, but they ignore a more important fact.3) Some people say 。

, but it does not hold water.4) Many of us have been under the illusion that。

5) A close examination would reveal how ridiculous the statement is.6) It makes no sense to argue for 。

表达个人观点的英语句型
在英语交流中，表达个人观点是非常重要的。

以下是一些表达个人观点的常用英语句型：
1. 我认为/我相信/我坚信：
I think/I believe/I firmly believe that…
例如：我认为我们应该节约用水。

2. 我支持/我倾向于/我反对：
I support/I tend to/I oppose…
例如：我反对这个决定。

3. 我同意/我认可/我否认：
I agree/I recognize/I deny that…
例如：我同意他的看法。

4. 我期待/我期望/我盼望：
I expect/I hope/I long for…
例如：我期待着放假。

5. 我喜欢/我爱/我欣赏：
I like/I love/I admire…
例如：我喜欢吃冰淇淋。

6. 我认为应该/必须/可以：
I think it should/must/can be…例如：我认为我们应该早点睡觉。

7. 我预期/预测/估计：
I expect/predict/estimate that…例如：我估计明天会下雨。

英语作文个人观点万能句子Title: Crafting Persuasive Arguments in English Essays.Writing an English essay that effectively expresses personal opinions is a skill that requires finesse and practice. When it comes to expressing one's viewpoints,it's crucial to strike a balance between being assertive and maintaining a level of objectivity. Here are some universal sentences that can help you frame your opinionsin a persuasive and impactful manner.1. In my opinion, the key to understanding [topic] lies in the recognition that [your argument].This sentence introduces your opinion gracefully, while also acknowledging the importance of recognizing certain facts or perspectives.2. While many may argue that [opposing view], I believe that [your view] because [reasoning].By acknowledging opposing views, you establish credibility and show that you have considered all sides of the argument.3. My stance on [topic] is firmly rooted in the belief that [your belief], as evidenced by [supporting evidence].This sentence demonstrates the depth of your belief by providing evidence to support your argument.4. I find it difficult to agree with the assertion that [opposing view], especially when considering [counterargument].This sentence effectively challenges opposing viewpoints, making your own position more tenable.5. My perspective on [topic] is shaped by the understanding that [your understanding], which leads me to believe that [your argument].By linking your opinion to a deeper understanding of the topic, you add credibility to your argument.6. In my view, [topic] is not simply a matter of [simplistic view], but rather a complex intersection of [various factors].This sentence demonstrates a nuanced understanding of the topic, avoiding oversimplification.7. While I appreciate the viewpoint that [opposing view], I maintain that [your view] due to [reasoning].This sentence shows respect for opposing views while still firmly stating your own opinion.8. My opinion on [topic] is influenced by the realization that [key realization], which leads me to conclude that [your conclusion].By highlighting key realizations, you can more effectively lead the reader to your conclusion.9. I believe that [topic] is often misunderstood, andit is my contention that [your argument] to clarify itstrue nature.This sentence positions you as someone who is trying to clarify misunderstandings, adding authority to your argument.10. My opinion on [topic] is shaped by my belief that [your belief], which I believe to be crucial in understanding [topic's importance].Linking your opinion to a core belief adds depth and emotional weight to your argument.Remember, when expressing personal opinions in an essay, it's important to maintain a balance between assertiveness and objectivity. Use these sentences as a starting point, but always ensure that your arguments are supported bysolid evidence and reasoning.。