青岛的英文介绍
以下英文部分简单介绍了青岛的概况，包括：地理位置，名字由来，区市分划，地理气候，历史，人口，经济，交通，文化，旅游，教育，体育等。
Qingdao (help·info) (Simplified Chinese: 青岛; Traditional Chinese: 青岛; pinyin: Qīngdǎo; Wade-Giles: Ch'ing-tao), well-known to the West by its Postal map spelling Tsingtao, is a sub-provincial city in eastern Shandong province, People's Republic of China. It borders Yantai to the northeast, Weifang to the west and Rizhao to the southwest. Lying across the Shandong Peninsula while looking out to the Yellow Sea, Qingdao today is a major seaport, naval base, and industrial center. It is also the site of the Tsingtao Brewery. The name "Qingdao" in Chinese means "Green Island".
Additional Names
Qingdao was formerly known as Jiao'ao (胶澳).
Qindao (琴岛; lit. "Stringed Instrument Isle") is an additional modern name for the area which according to locals refers to the shape of the coastline.
Administration
The sub-provincial city of Qingdao administers 12 county-level divisions, including 7 districts and 5 county-level cities.
Shinan District (市南区)
Shibei District (市北区)
Sifang District (四方区)
Licang District (李沧区)
Laoshan District (崂山区)
Chengyang District (城阳区)
Huangdao District (黄岛区)
Jimo City (即墨市)
Jiaozhou City (胶州市)
Jiaonan City (胶南市)
Pingdu City (平度市)
Laixi City (莱西市)
Geography and climate
Location within ChinaQingdao is located at the southern tip of the Shandong Peninsula. It borders three prefecture-level cities, namely Yantai to the northeast, Weifang to the west, and Rizhao to the southwest. The city's total jurisdiction area occupies 10 654 km2. The geography of the city is relatively flat while mountains spur up nearby. The highest elevation in the area is 1133 m above sea level. The city has a 730.64-kilometer coastline. Five significant rivers that flow for more than
50 km can be found in the region.
Qingdao enjoys mild summers and relatively warm winters, with the average July temperature at 23.8°C and the average January temperature at -0.7°C. The city gets most rain in June and July, at an average of 150 mm.
History
For details on the colonial period, see Jiaozhou Bay
The area of which Qingdao is located today was called Jiao'ao (胶澳) when it was administered by the Qing Dynasty. In 1891, the Qing Government decided to make the area a primary defence base against naval attacks, and planned the construction of a city. Little was done, however, until 1897 when the city was ceded to Germany (after Hong Kong fell under British control and Macau went to the Portuguese). The Germans soon turned Tsingtao into a strategically important port, basing their Pacific Squadron there, allowing the fleet to conduct operations throughout the Far East. The German Imperial government planned and built the first streets and institutions of the city we see today, including the world-famous Tsingtao Brewery. German influence extended to other areas of Shandong Province, including the establishment of rival breweries.
Map of Qingdao in 1912Soon after the outbreak of World War I, the German Pacific Squadron, under Admiral Graf von Spee, left Tsingtao rather than waiting to be trapped in the harbour by Allied forces. After a subsequent minor British naval attack on the German colony in 1914, Japan occupied the city and the surrounding province during the Battle of Tsingtao after Japan's declaration of war on Germany. The failure of the Allied powers to restore Chinese rule to Shandong after the war triggered the May Fourth Movement.
The city reverted to Chinese rule in 1922, under control of the Kuomintang (the ROC). Renamed Qingdao in 1930, the city became a special administrative zone of the ROC Government. Japan re-occupied Qingdao in 1938 with its plans of territorial expansion onto China's coast. After World War II the KMT allowed Qingdao to serve as the headquarters of the Western Pacific Fleet of the US Navy. On 2nd June, 1949, the CCP-led Red Army entered Qingdao and the city and province have been under PRC control since that time.
Since the 1984 inauguration of China's open-door policy to foreign trade and investment, Qingdao has developed quickly as a modern port city. It is now the headquarters of the Chinese navy's northern fleet.
Qingdao is now a manufacturing center, and home to Haier Corporation a major electronics firm. The city has recently experienced a rapid growing period, with a new central business district created to the east of the older business district. Outside of the center of the city there is a large industrial zone, which includes chemical processing, rubber and heavy manufacturing, in addition to a growing high tech area.
[edit] Demographics
