新视野大学英语第三版2读写教程Unit2单词汇总

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第一册....................................................................................................................... - 3 - Unit1 A .............................................................................................................................. - 3 - Unit1 B . (4)Unit 2 A (6)Unit 2 B (7)UNIT 3 A (9)UNIT 3 B (11)UNIT 4 A (12)UNIT 4 B (14)UNIT 5 A (16)UNIT 5 B (17)UNIT 6 A (19)UNIT 6 B (21)UNIT 7 A (22)UNIT 7 B (24)UNIT 8 A (26)UNIT 8 B (27)第二册 (29)UNIT1 A (29)UNIT 1 B (31) (31)UNIT 2 A (32)UNIT 2 B (34)UNIT 3 A (35)UNIT 3 B (37)UNIT 4 A (38)UNIT 4 B (40)UNIT 5 A (42)UNIT 5 B (43)UNIT 6 A (45)UNIT 6 B (46)UNIT 7 A (48)UNIT 7 B (50)UNIT 8 A (51)UNIT 8 B (53)第三册 (54)Unit1 A (54)UNIT 1 B (56)UNIT 2 A (58)UNIT 2 B (59)UNIT 3 A (60)UNIT 3 B (62)UNIT 4 A (63)UNIT 4 B (65)UNIT 5 A (67)UNIT 5 B (68) (68)UNIT 6 A (69) (69)UNIT 6 B (71)UNIT 7 A (73) (73)UNIT 7 B (74)UNIT8 A (76)UNIT 8 B (77)第四册 (79)UNIT 1 A (79)UNIT 1 B (81)UNIT 2 A (82) (82)UNIT 2 B (84) (84)UNIT 3 A (85)UNIT 3 B (87)UNIT 4 A (88)UNIT 4 B (90) (90)UNIT 5 A (92)UNIT 5 B (94)UNIT 6 A、 (95)UNIT 6 B (97) (97)UNIT 7 A (99) (99)UNIT 7 B (101)UNIT 8 A (102)UNIT 8 B (104) (104)第一册Unit1 Atriumphn. （尤指苦战后获得的）胜利，成功，成就pledgevt. 发誓；作保证posevi. （为照相或画像而）摆姿势vt. 造成，导致（困难或危险）routinen. 例行公事；常规；惯例a. 常规的；例行的；惯常的attainvt. 得到；获得；赢得foundationn. 基础resourcen. 1 资源；2 自然资源facultyn. 1 全体教员；2 天赋；能力；本领comprehensivea. 综合的；多方面的facilityn. （为某种目的而提供的）设施，设备communityn. 1 （同住一地的人所构成的）社区；2 群体；团体explorevt. 探讨，研究（主题、思想等）v. 勘探；探测；考察fascinatinga. 吸引人的；迷人的；使人神魂颠倒的pursuevt. 1 追求；致力于；2 追赶；追逐passionn. 1 强烈的爱好；热爱n. 2 强烈的情感；激情unique a. 1 特别的；极不寻常的；极好的；2 不同的；独特的enthusiasmn. 热爱；热情；热心reapvt. 收获；获得v. 收割（庄稼）benefitn. 好处；益处；裨益opportunityn. 机会；时机overwhelmvt. （数量大得）使无法对付availablea. 可获得的；可利用的；现成的samplevt. 1 体验；2 对…作抽样检验n. 样本；样品；货样assumevt. 假定；假设；认为emergevi. 1 出现；为……所公认；2 出现；露出gianta. 巨大的；特大的maten. 同事；同伴roommaten. （尤指大学里的）室友owln. 猫头鹰virtuala. 1 几乎相同的；实质上的；2 虚拟的；模拟的virtuallyad. 1 实际上；几乎；差不多；2 虚拟地；模拟地enrichvt. 使丰富；充实；强化glown. 1 （某种）强烈的情感；2 柔和稳定的光vi. 发出柔和稳定的光confidencen. 1 信心；信赖；信任；2 自信心yieldvt. 1 产生（结果等）；2 出产；产生vi. 屈从；让步abundanta. 大量的；丰富的；充裕的responsibilityn. 1 （道德、社会）责任，义务；2 责任；3 职责；任务；义务inheritv t. 沿袭，秉承（信仰、传统或生活方式）v. 继承（财产）inheritorn. 1 （生活或思想方式的）后继者，继承人；2 遗产继承人transmitvt. 传送；传递；传播acquirevt. 1 学到，获得（知识、技能）；2 取得；获得；3 购得；得到prosperousa. 富裕的；繁荣的；兴旺的remind sb. of sb./sth.1 使某人想起某人或某事2 使某人想起（相似的）人或事get by过活；过得去；勉强应付make the most of sth.最大限度地利用某物reap the benefits (of sth.)得享（某事物的）好处in advance预先；提前stand a chance (of doing sth.)有（做成某事的）希望over time逐渐地；慢慢地turn (sb./sth.) into sth.（使某人/某物）变成all at once1 同时2 一下子；突然take pleasure in (doing) sth.乐于做某事open the door to sth.给…以机会；给…敞开方便之门take delight in (doing) sth.以（做）某事为乐Unit1 Bparticipatevi.参加；参与incrediblea.1极好的；极大的；2不可相信的；难以置信的denyvt.否认；否定undeniablyad.不可否认地；无可争辩地departv.离开（尤指动身去旅行）；启程；上路inquisitivea.1好学的；好问的；2过分好奇的；过于好问的；好打听的engagevt.吸引住（某人的兴趣、注意力）vi.参加，参与（活动）despairvi.绝望；感到无望n.绝望embracevt.欣然接受；乐意采纳v.抱；拥抱stimulatevt.1激发；鼓励；激励；2刺激；促使；促进intellectuala.智力的；脑力的capacityn.1能力；才能；2容量；容积；容纳能力bindvt.1使受（规则或协议）约束；2捆；绑；3把…紧紧联系在一起；使关系密切assurevt.向…保证；使确信assureda.有把握的；自信的；肯定的careern.职业；事业curven.曲线；弧线decenta.1可接受的；相当好的；像样的；2正派的；规矩的boastv.夸口；夸耀；吹嘘bondn.纽带；联系；关系vi.（与某人）培养一种特殊的关系blossomvi.发展；成长；繁盛；兴旺n.（树或灌木的）花，花簇decaden.十年；十年期genuinea.1真诚的；诚挚的；2真正的；非伪造的instinctn.本能；直觉；天性confidenta.1有信心的；自信的；2确信的；有把握的securea.1自信的；有把握的；2安全的stereotypen.模式化的思想；旧框框comprehendv.理解；领悟cultivatevt.1培养；养成；2耕；耕作；开垦rangen.一系列innocencen.1涉世不深；天真；单纯；2清白；无罪curiosity n.好奇心amountn.数额；数量flexibilityn.1灵活性；2弹性；柔韧性approachvt.处理；对付v.接近；靠近n.方式；方法enthusiastica.热心的；热衷的enthusiasticallyad.热心地；热衷地talentn.天资；天赋；才能evolvev.1逐步发展；逐渐演变；2进化；进化形成potentialn.潜力；潜能a.可能的；潜在的bolda.果敢的；敢于冒险的；大胆的enormousa.巨大enormouslyad.非常；极其be about to do sth.正要发生某事；即将做某事go off离开；走open up（使）出现；（使）成为可能take sb./sth.seriously认真对待某人/某事sign up(for sth.)报名get to sb.使生气；使烦恼give sb.the benefit of the doubt虽有怀疑但还是相信某人；姑且相信某人reduce sb.to sth.使陷入（不利境地）as long as只要feel like(doing)sth. 想要（做）某事safe and sound安然无恙take sb./sth.away 拿走；带走；使消失be born to be/do sth.天生适合做某事sb.can’t wait某人急着/等不及（用于强调对即将发生的事感到兴奋和迫不及待）Unit 2 Acluttern.杂乱的东西awaitvt.1等待；等候；2（某事）将降临到…身上vehiclen.交通工具；车辆efficiencyn.效率；效能embarrassvt.（尤指在社交场合）使尴尬，使窘迫embarrassmentn.1让人难堪的人；使人为难的事；2尴尬；难堪；窘迫rustv.（使）生锈n.锈；铁锈bladen.刀刃；刀片tuben.1（膏状物等的）管状容器；2管子pasten.糊状物；膏vt.（用糨糊）粘贴toothpasten.牙膏polishn.上光剂；擦光剂vt.1擦亮；擦光；2修改；润色trashn.废物；垃圾dumpvt.1倾倒；把…倒空；2丢弃；扔掉match v.1（与…）属同一双；（使）成对；2（与…）相配，相称mismatcheda.不配对的purplea.紫色的n.紫色closetn.壁橱comicn.（儿童）连环漫画册a.滑稽的；好笑的fictionn.1小说；2虚构的事；想象的事romantica.1（书、剧本、电影）浪漫的，关于爱情的；2多情的；浪漫的historicala.1描写历史事件的；基于史实的；2（有关）历史的beloveda.钟爱的；挚爱的；宝贝的stuffvt.1填；塞；2填满；装满n.各种物品sackn.大口袋；粗布袋；麻袋stackv.（使）整齐地堆起；摞起n.（叠放整齐的）一叠，一堆，一摞plaguen.1蝗灾/鼠灾等；2瘟疫；疫病clumsya.1（物体）笨重的；2笨拙的；不灵活的charityn.1慈善事业；2慈善机构；慈善团体bandn.1圈；箍；带；2乐队；乐团curlv.盘绕；缠绕curlern.卷发夹strainvi.使劲拉；使劲推；绷紧vt.拉伤；扭伤；损伤n.焦虑；紧张haulvt.拖；拉donationn.1捐赠物（尤指捐款）；2捐助（尤指钱）curbn.路缘vt.控制；抑制；约束sorea.痛的；疼痛的ridiculousa.愚蠢的；荒唐的；可笑的tossvt.扔；掷；抛strip(also～off)vt.1剥去；除去；2脱去（…的）衣服craftn.（指传统的手工）工艺；手艺clipvt.1（从报纸、杂志等上）剪下；2夹住；扣住n.（电影、电视节目或新闻的）剪辑item n.（尤指清单上、一群或一组事物中的）一项，一件，一条emotionala.1情绪激动的（尤指哭泣）；2情绪（上）的；情感（上）的bugn.1热衷于某事的人；迷；2小虫子reversevt.推翻，彻底改变（决定、判决、过程等）n.相反情况；正相反a.相反的（顺序、局势、过程等）tokenn.象征；标志make it1获得成功2（尤指在困难情况下）准时到达，赶上free of/from无…的；摆脱了…的catch oneself doing sth.突然意识到自己在做某事throw away扔掉；丢弃after all1终究；最终还是2毕竟reverse oneself（争论中）改变主意/立场straighten up1把…弄整洁2直起身keep back1抑制，控制（感情）2隐瞒某事with open arms热烈地；欣然Unit 2 Blimpa.软的；不强壮的vi.（因一腿受伤而）跛行，一瘸一拐地走surge vi.1迅速涌动；蜂拥向前；2突然上涨；激增n.1（情感的）突发；涌现；2（数量的）急剧增加breezen.微风；和风shivervi.（因寒冷或害怕而）颤抖，哆嗦，发抖complainv.抱怨；不满；发牢骚chilln.寒冷；寒气chillya.寒冷的；冷得难受的stridevi.迈大步走；大踏步走n.1大步；阔步；2进步；进展；发展meltv.（使）融化；（使）熔化vi.逐渐消失meltinga.融化的；熔化的；溶解的shedn.工棚；厂房；库房immensea.巨大的fatiguen.疲劳；疲乏；劳累aboardprep.在（船，飞机，火车）上；上（船，飞机，火车）hutn.（简陋的）小屋，棚屋，茅舍barreln.（中间鼓起的）桶shelln.（蜗牛或螃蟹等的）壳；贝壳shellfishn.水生有壳动物；水生贝类动物bundlen.捆；把；扎；束eeln.鳗；鳝portionn.（数量或总数的）一部分，一份migratevi.1（鸟或动物）迁徙；2（尤指为找工作）移居，迁移migrationn.1（鸟或动物的）迁徙；2移居;迁移wrapvt.（用纸、布等）包，裹（某物）unwrapvt.拆开，打开（包装）suspiciousa.1感到怀疑的；认为有问题的；2怀疑的；猜疑的；3可疑的；引起怀疑的suspiciouslyad.1感到怀疑地；不信任地；2怀疑地；猜疑地pinchn.一小撮vt.捏；掐；夹vanishvi.突然不见;消失slopen.斜面；斜坡crackern.薄脆饼干peakn.1山顶；山峰；2高峰；顶点stretchv.1（使）延续；（使）延伸；2（使）变大；（使）变松；拉长；3伸开，伸展（肢体）overtake(overtook,overtaken)v.追上；赶上；超过vt.超越；超过anticipatevt.预期；预料reluctancen.勉强；不情愿stoopvi.俯身；弯腰restraintn.1安全装置；安全带；2抑制；克制；控制；3管制措施；限制；控制scrapev.（使）摩擦，擦伤；刮坏vt.（用小刀等）刮除delicatea.1易坏的；易碎的；脆弱的；2微妙的；需要谨慎处理的；3精巧的；精致的；精美的gripvt.紧握；紧抓graduala.逐渐的；逐步的graduallyad.逐渐地；逐步地swayvi.摇摆；摆动；摇晃accompanyvt.陪伴；陪同pureeda.捣压成酱（泥，糊）的tunan.(pl.tuna)金枪鱼awkwarda.1笨拙的；不灵巧的；2令人尴尬的；使人难堪的sipn.一小口v.小口地喝；抿；呷champagnen.（法国）香槟酒slow down（使）慢下来；（使）减速make sense1有意义；表述清晰；易于理解2明智；合乎情理at least 1至少；起码2至少（指尽管没有更好的情况）lay sth.out铺开；展开hang up1挂起（衣服）2挂断电话be supposed to do sth.应该做某事not that…but(that)…不是…而是…once in a while偶尔；有时；间或the small of one’s back后腰not care for sb./sth.不喜欢某人/某物Virginia弗吉尼亚州（美国州名）Chicago芝加哥（美国伊利诺伊州最大城市）the Sargasso Sea（北大西洋的）马尾藻海the Mediterranean地中海Mount Fuji富士山（位于日本本州中南部）the Potomac波托马克河（美国东部河流）Swiss Army Knife瑞士军刀UNIT 3 Acampusn.（大学或学院的）校园transformvt.使改观；使变形；使转化fleetn.车队；机群；船队typicala.典型的；有代表性的access n.享用权；享用机会accessiblea.易得到的；易使用的responsen.1回答；答复；2反应；响应engineeringn.工程（设计）dialectn.方言；地方话；土语analyzevt.分析；剖析scriptn.（戏剧、电影、电视节目、演讲等的）剧本，手稿devicen.1设备；仪器；装置；2（使做某事更容易一些的）特殊方法，手段sophisticateda.1见多识广的；老练的；有鉴赏力的；2复杂的；精密的；尖端的undergraduaten.（在读的）大学（本科）生adoptvt.1采用；采纳；采取；2收养；领养indispensablea.不可缺少的；必不可少的outlinen.1纲要；梗概；要点；2外形；轮廓regulatevt.1控制；管理；2调整；校准；调节bubblen.1泡状物；2（液体中的）气泡，泡沫budgetn.预算estimatevt.估计；估算estimateda.据估计的assignmentn.1作业；2任务highwayn.公路inferiora.差的；次的inferiorityn.低人一等；下级；次等complexn.情结；夸大的情绪反应a.复杂的；难以理解的compensatevi.补偿；弥补v.赔偿lease vt.租用；租借n.（房子、汽车等的）租约，租契focusn.焦点；重点v.（把…）集中（于）competitivea.1竞争的；竞争性的；2竞争性强的；有竞争力的peern.同龄人；社会地位相同的人pitchn.1（活动或情感的）程度，强度，高度；2场地portablea.手提式的；便携式的；轻便的moden.1（机器、设备的）运行方式，状态，模式；2方式；方法；做法loanvt.1把（贵重物品）出借给（某人）；2借给（尤指钱）n.（银行等的）贷款loanern.借用物meantimead.在此期间；与此同时amazinga.惊人的；了不起的solvevt.解决（问题）solvern.解决问题的人intelligenta.有智慧的；悟性高的；聪明的less than interesting/honest/helpful,etc. 一点也没有意思/一点也不诚实/一点也没有帮助等add to sth.增加；增添visit with sb.叙谈；闲谈take the lead1树立榜样；带头2（赛跑或竞赛中）开始领先account for1（在数量或比例上）占，占据2是…的原因；引起；导致3解释；说明fire off1匆忙发出（讯息或指示）2开（枪）；开（炮）keep up with1跟上；保持同步2和（朋友）保持联系3不断获知（某事的情况）at a disadvantage处于不利地位的stand out1出色2显眼；突出set up建立；设立；创立in large part多半；在很大程度上；在大多数地方UNIT 3 Baddictn.1对…着迷的人；2吸毒上瘾的人addictionn.1入迷；嗜好；2（毒）瘾positivea.1好的；积极的；2肯定的；确定的enablevt.使可能；使发生median.新闻媒体；传媒；大众传播媒介（总称）outletn.1电视台；电台；出版公司；2（强烈感情的）发泄途径，发泄方法alternativea.1非传统的；另类的；2供替代的；供选择的n.供替代的选择；供选择的东西sourcen.来源；出处practicallyad.1差不多；几乎；2实用地；讲究实际地；实际可行地negativea.1负面的；有害的；不良的；2不赞成的；反对的；3消极的aspectn.方面epidemicn.1（坏事的突然）盛行，泛滥；2（疾病的）传播，流行neglectn.疏忽vt.疏忽；玩忽；漏做infantn.婴儿；幼儿impactv.对…有作用或影响n.作用；影响involveda.1受影响的；牵涉在内的；卷入…的；2参与的agonyn.1痛苦；煎熬；伤心；2剧痛riskn.危险（性）；风险vt.使冒毁坏（或破坏、失去贵重物品）的危险concernvt.1使担心；使忧虑；2涉及，关系到（某一主题）n.忧虑；担心；关切concerneda.1焦急的；担忧的；2（与某事）有关的，有牵连的disciplinen.1训练；管教；2自制力；3（尤指大学的）专业，科目structuren.1条理性；2结构；构造；条理plungevi.1（价格、比率等）暴跌，骤降；2迅速落下；跌落declinevi.减少；变糟；衰退v.谢绝；（礼貌地）拒绝n.（数量的）减少；（质量的）下降ceasev.停止；终止；结束imaginarya.想象的；虚构的attributev.(～sth.to sb./sth.)把…归因于personalityn.个性；性格interactionn.1交流；2相互作用；相互影响blogn.网络日志；博客releasen.1（化学物等的）释放；2释放；放出vt.1释放，排放（物质）；2释放；放出endorphinn.内啡肽（一种体内生成的化学物质，能止痛并让人更高兴）essentiala.1极其重要的；必不可少的；2最基本的；本质的sustainvt.保持；维持；使持续sustaineda.持续的；持久的arousevt.引起；激起；唤起feedbackn.反馈意见interactvi.1交流；交往；互相来往；2相互作用；相互影响gamblev.打赌；赌博n.赌博；投机；冒险gamblern.赌徒levern.控制杆；操纵杆rationala.1基于理性的；合理的；2有理性的；理智的spoilvt.1毁掉；糟蹋；破坏；2宠坏；惯坏；溺爱moderatea.中等的；适中的；适度的moderationn.节制；克制multiplea.包括/涉及多个人/物/事件等的；多的；多种的schedulevt.把…安排在；排定n.日程表；计划表；活动安排a wealth of sth.丰富的某物make use of sth.利用某物；使用某物give rise to sth.引起；导致charge sb.with(doing)sth.指控；控告；起诉keep sb.from(doing)sth.不让某人做某事care for照顾；照看tell of描述；叙述as well（除…外）还at risk处境危险；受到威胁nothing but仅仅；只有；不过UNIT 4 Aeran.时代；年代victimn.受害者；牺牲者survivorn.1悲剧性事件；惨剧；惨案；2悲剧（作品）tragedyn.悲剧性事件；惨剧；惨案subsequenta.随后的；继⋯之后的associaten.同事；（生意）伙伴vt.联想；联系congressn.国会；议会congresswomann.国会女议员（尤指美国众议员）tendera.温柔的；体贴入微的；慈爱的sympathyn.同情；同情心shieldvt.保护；保卫n.盾；盾牌hailn.1一阵弹雨/像雹子般袭来的石块等；2雹；冰雹vt.把…称赞为；把…誉为bullet枪弹；子弹；弹头priestn.（基督教的）牧师，神父remarkablea.非凡的；不寻常的；显著的humanityn.1人；人类（总称）；2仁慈；博爱；同情心；3人文学科civiliana.平民的；百姓的；民用的；非军职的n.平民；老百姓grace n.1善意；礼貌；体谅；2优美；优雅circumstancen.情况；情形respondvi.作出反应；回应respondern.回应者；应答者widown.寡妇；遗孀solemna.严肃的；郑重的；庄严的solemnlyad.严肃地；郑重地；庄严地sergeantn.警佐；巡佐commitmentn.1投入；忠诚；奉献；2承诺automobilen.(AmE)汽车distincta.1确实的；显著的；2有区别的；不同的；单独的；3清晰的；清楚的；明显的militarya.军用的；军事的；军队的personneln.（公司、组织或军队中的）人员；员工;职员jailn.监狱；看守所confinevt.1监禁；禁闭；2使局限于solitarya.1单独的；无伴的；2单个的；唯一的chambern.1（有某种用途的）室；2大厅；（尤指）会议厅establishvt.1建立（关系或联系）；2建立；创立；设立harmonyn.融洽相处reconcilevt.调和；调解v.（使）和解；（使）恢复友好关系conflictvi.矛盾；冲突；抵触n.（意见等的）抵触，冲突，矛盾conflicteda.（尤指情感）冲突的，矛盾的advocaten.提倡者；拥护者；鼓吹者vt.主张；拥护；鼓吹griefn.（尤指因所爱之人去世而产生的）悲痛，极度悲伤ragen.盛怒；狂怒v.发怒；怒斥vi.（战斗、争论）激烈进行；（暴风雨）肆虐associationn.1协会社团；2关系；关联；交往legislationn.法规；法律authorityn.1权力；当权；2专家；权威；3官方机构；政府部门intensea.剧烈的；强烈的involvevt.1涉及；影响；2包含；需要；3鼓励…参与；允许…参加fulfill(BrE fulfil)vt.1履行；执行；符合；2实现；达到fulfillmentn.1履行；实现；达到；2满足感；成就感give one’s life捐躯；牺牲ring out发出响亮的声音shield sb./sth.from sb./sth.使…免受with(good/a good)grace有风度地；情愿地be/get caught up in sth.被卷入；陷入in the words of sb./in sb.’s words用某人的话来说reserve sth.for sb./sth.保留；预留relate to sth./sb.理解；认同make sense of sth.理解，弄懂某事（尤指困难或复杂的事）sum up概括；总结；概述in need在困难时；在贫困之中count on依靠；指望call on呼吁；号召UNIT 4 Baspirationn.强烈愿望；志向；抱负barelyad.1勉强才能；2几乎不lanen.1车道；2（乡间的）小路terrorn.恐惧；惊恐awful a.糟糕的；恶劣的；讨厌的abolishvt.废止；废除；取消imagen.印象；概念slipperya.滑的；湿滑的concreten.混凝土a.具体的primitivea.1（设计）简单的；2原始的crystaln.水晶reflectv.反射（光）vt.1映射；反射；2显示；反映leann.1倚；靠；2屈身；倾斜ignorevt.1忽略；忽视；不顾；2装作没有注意到；无视patroln.1巡逻队；巡查队；巡逻车队；2巡逻；巡查v.巡逻；巡查slamvt.1猛放；用力移；猛击；2使劲关；把…砰地关上haltn.停止；暂停yellv.（尤因恐惧、愤怒或激动而）叫喊，大嚷大叫n.叫喊backupn.1后备人员；支援人员；备用设备；2备份swellv.（数量）逐渐增加；（使）增多，增大vi.肿；肿胀monstern.妖怪；怪兽；怪物roarvi.吼叫；呼啸n.吼叫声；咆哮声limbn.1大树枝；2肢；手臂；腿currentn.（河、湖或海的）水流，潮流a.现时的；当前的；现行的submergevt.使浸没；淹没heavev.（用力）推，拉，提，举vi.强烈起伏lordn.1主（祷告时对上帝或耶稣的称呼）；2（英国的）（男性）贵族lowera.较低的；较下的v.减少；降低collapsevi.1（因病或虚弱）突然倒下，昏倒；2倒塌；坍塌badgen.徽章；证章；徽牌identifyvt.1是…的标志；显示出；2辨认，确认（某人）；3确认，识别（某物）betrayvt.1流露（想掩饰的情感）；2背叛（信任你的人）；对…不忠；出卖crackv.（使）裂开；（使）破裂n.裂缝；缝隙moanv.1呻吟；呜咽；2抱怨grabvt.攫取；抓住slendera.修长的；苗条的；纤细的streakvi.快速移动stiffa.（肌肉）疼痛的，僵硬的，不灵活的healv.1（在精神或感情上）（使）复原；（使）坚强起来；2（使）康复，复原acutea.1严重的；2灵敏的；敏锐的nightmaren.噩梦；梦魇live in terror of sb./sth.一直很害怕某人/某物a string of一连串，一系列（事件等）turn off不再听；不再想lean on依靠；依赖beat sb.to it抢在某人之前做pull over（使）（车辆或司机）停靠在路边slip off/down滑落；脱落bring sth.to a halt使停止；使停住；使暂停cut through（在水中或空中）轻松地通过fill up with（使）充满；（使）装满identify sb.as sb.表明…的身份catch up with追上；赶上break through(sth.)冲破；突破hold on紧紧抓住；紧紧抱住let go(of sb./sth.)放手；松开be grateful for对…表示感激UNIT 5 Amarathonn.马拉松（长跑）annuala.一年一度的；每年的routen.1路线；2途径；方法harsha.1严厉的；残酷的；苛刻的；2恶劣的；艰苦的；严峻的endurancen.（忍）耐力regardlessad.(～of)不管；不顾superprefix过于；超a.极好的；了不起的contractn.契约；合同；合约v.（使）签订合同；（使）立约prominenta.重要的；知名的；显赫的sponsorn.赞助者；赞助商vt.赞助；资助financevt.为…提供资金n.1财政；金融；2（机构或个人的）财务情况furnishvt.1供；供应；2为（房屋或房间）配备家具substantiala.1大量的；多的；2物质的；材料的mechanismn.1机构；结构；机制；体制；2机械装置；机件；工作部件contestn.比赛；竞赛vt.竞争；争夺；角逐distinctionn.1优秀；卓越；杰出；2差别；不同amateura.业余爱好者的n.业余爱好者odda.奇特的；古怪的；异常的invisiblea.看不见的assemblev.聚集；集合；收集vt.组装；装配assembleda.聚集在一起的assertvt.（坚决）主张；断言reactvi.（作出）反应apparenta.显而易见的；明白的publicityn.（报纸、电视等对某人或某物的）关注，报道crushn.拥挤的人群vt.压碎；压坏；压扁gearn.1服装；用具；装备；2排挡；挡位stylen.（个人的）行为方式，风格，作风shufflevi.拖着脚步走commentatorn.实况解说员；实况播音员alikead.两样都（用于强调刚提及的两者）a.相同的；相像的welfaren.1幸福；康乐；安康；2（政府或组织的）福利救济insanea.1愚蠢的；疯狂的；2精神错乱的；精神病的smashvt.打破纪录v.1打碎；砸碎（使）粉碎；2（使）猛撞，猛击，猛掷awardvt.给予；授予n.奖；奖赏；奖金；奖品prominencen.重要；著名despiteprep.尽管；虽然dimv.1（使）减弱；（使）变渺茫；2（使）暗下来；（使）变微弱a.阴暗的；昏暗的stroke n.中风vt.轻抚；轻摸legendn.1传奇人物；2传说；传奇（故事）magnificenta.宏伟的；壮观的；华丽的brillianta.1极好的；2明亮的；光辉夺目的；灿烂的individualn.个人；个体a.单独的；个别的inherenta.本质的；内在的；基本的inherentlyad.本质地；内在地；基本地up to达到；至多in attendance出席（重要或官方的活动）might(just)as well不妨；还不如；倒不如at a time每组；每次；一次leave sb./sth.behind1把…抛在后面2不带；忘记拿走；留下out loud大声地fall ill生病have no intention of doing sth.不打算做某事；无意做某事endear sb.to sb.使受欢迎；使被喜爱give away1分送，送掉（不需要的东西）2使露马脚；暴露pass away去世to this day直到现在；至今UNIT 5 Bmoldvt.塑造，影响（某人）n.模具；铸模criticala.1非常重要的；关键的；2批判的；爱挑剔的；吹毛求疵的underlinevt.1强调；使突出；2在…之下画线（以示重要）humblea.谦虚的；谦卑的；2（社会阶层或地位）卑微的，低下的generousa.1宽宏大量的；2慷慨的；大方的emphasizevt.强调；着重mutuala.1共有的；共同的；2相互的；彼此的obligationn.义务；职责；责任gracefula.1有风度的；得体的；2优美的；优雅的；雅致的youngstern.孩童；年轻人neverthelessad.然而；不过；尽管如此abstracta.纯理论上的；纯概念的；抽象的n.摘要；梗概conceptn.概念；观念；想法strategyn.行动计划；计谋；策略cooperationn.合作；协作cruciala.至关重要的；关键性的overcomevt.控制（感情）；克服（困难）fundamentala.1根本的；基本的；基础的；2必不可少的；十分重要的outcomen.结果；结局；后果ambitionn.1追求；夙愿；2抱负；雄心；野心participationn.参加；参与hazardn.危险；隐患psychologyn.心理学psychologistn.心理学家considerablea.相当大的intensityn.强烈；剧烈psychologicala.精神的；心理的emphasisn.重点；重要性exclusivea.专用的；独有的；独享的exclusivelyad.仅仅；单独地；专门地outlookn.1（对生活和世界的）看法，观点，态度；2前景；远景demandinga.1（人）要求严格的；苛求的；要求过高的；2要求高的；需要技能的；费力的excessivea.过度的；过多的drainvt.1使筋疲力尽；2使流走；使排出draininga.使人筋疲力尽的consequencen.后果raten.1（某事发生的）速率，速度；2比率；率accomplishvt.完成；实现accomplishmentn. 1 成就；成绩；2 完成；实现 adaptv. （使）适应；（使）适合 vt. 改造；改装 definevt. 1 使明确；规定；说明；2 给…下定义；解释 redefinevt. 重新界定；重新定义 traitn. 某人性格中的）特性，品质 extremea. 1 极大的；极度的；2 极端的；偏激的；过分的n. 极端（尤用于谈论两个相反的事物） extremelyad. 极度；极其 pavevt. 铺；铺砌；铺筑 the here and nowearly on在初期；开始不久 free ride白白得到的好处blame sb. for sth. 责怪；指责；把…归咎于 place emphasis on sth. 重视cancel out 抵消on the surface表面上；从外表看；乍一看 in shape 健康状况良好 deal with sth. 处理；应付the way of the world大多数人的行为方式；世道；事情 pave the way for sth.为某事物铺平道路；为某事物创造条件numerousa. 许多的；很多的 reliablea. 可信赖的；可靠的 contrastvt. 使成对比；使成对照 vi. 形成对比 n. 差异；差别 indicatevt. 1 表明；显示；2 表明（意向等） indicatorn. 指示物；指示者 decreasev. （使）变小；（使）减少 n. 减少；减少的量 assessvt. 1 评价；评定；2 估价；估计 alterv. （使）变化；（使）改变staken. 1 赌注；风险；2 （赛马、牌局等的）赌注，押金；3 股份 academic a. 学术的 underminevt. 逐渐削弱；逐渐损害 significanta. 1 相当数量的；显著的；2 重要的；意义重大的 significantlyad. 重大地；显著地 interferevi. 介入；干涉；干预 overallad. 1 一般地；总体上；2 全部地；总共a. 包括一切的；全部的 proofn. 证明；证据approximatelyad.大致；近似seeminglyad.1看样子；看来；2看上去；表面上；外观上consistenta.1稳定发展的；持续不变的；2（行为、态度、标准等）一贯的，一致的tolln.1严重的不良影响；2伤亡人数givenprep.考虑到；鉴于a.指定的；特定的indicationn.象征；迹象；标示compromisevt.危及；损害vi.折中解决；让步n.妥协；和解whereasconj.但是；却；尽管marginala.1勉强够格的；最低限度的；2小的；微不足道的；不重要的commitvt.1投入（钱、时间、人力等）；2犯（错误或罪行）committeda.坚定的；尽心尽力的withdrawv.退出；不参加vt.（从银行）提取strikinga.引人注目的；显著的；吸引人的generatevt.1产生；创造；2产生（热、电等能量）anewad.再；重新permanenta.长久的；永久的；永恒的owing toprep.因为；由于erode v.1（逐步）削弱，损害；2侵蚀；腐蚀characteristica.典型的；独特的n.特征；特性；特色intensivea.加强的；密集的recreationn.娱乐；消遣surplusa.过剩的；剩余的；多余的n.剩余；过剩；剩余额；多余的量accustomeda.习惯于做某事depressvt.1降低；减少；2使沮丧；使忧愁；使抑郁conventionn.习俗；惯例；常规controversiala.引起争论的；有争议的conventionala.常例的；因袭的；传统的formativea.个性形成时期/阶段等abandonvt.1放弃（信念、信仰或看法）；2抛弃；遗弃appealinga.有吸引力的；有趣的mythn.1（许多人相信的）错误观念，荒诞说法；2（古代的）神话resolvevt.1下决心，决意（做某事)；2解决（问题、困难）n.决心；决意interfere with妨碍；阻止cut class逃课on the other hand另一方面…；从一方面来说…，从另一方面来说…take a/its toll on对产生不良影响at risk(of)处境危险；受到威胁to begin with起初；开始的时候in other words换言之；换句话说cut back on1削减；缩减；2（尤指为了健康而）少吃，少喝，减少cut corners（为节省时间或金钱而）草草行事，偷工减料bit by bit逐渐地；一点一点地burn the midnight oil挑灯夜战；开夜车drop out1退学；辍学；2退出；脱离in turn1相应地；2轮流地；依次地contribute to促成，造成（某事发生）hold on to继续感到；仍然相信UNIT 6 Bsoarvi.1猛增；骤升；2急速升高franka.坦率的；坦诚的；直言不讳的vigorousa.1体力旺盛的；热情满怀的；强有力的；坚决的；2强壮的；积极的；健壮的absorbvt.1经受；承受；2吸收；3吸引某人；使专心tuitionn.学费tremendousa.巨大的；极快的；强有力的relevanta.有关的；切题的spiten.虽然；不顾；尽管…（仍…）obstaclen.障碍；阻碍；妨碍collectivea.集体的；共同的；共有的collectivelyad.集体地；共同地claimvt.声称；断言；主张n.声称；断言；主张endure vt.忍耐；忍受bulgevi.鼓起；胀出n.凸起；鼓起部分tutorn.1家庭教师；私人教师；2（学院或大学里的）导师，助教startlevt.使（某人）吃惊；吓（某人）一跳startleda.受到惊吓的；吓了一跳的；吃惊的necessityn.1必需品；2必要；必要性luxuryn.1奢侈品；2奢华；奢侈glimpsen.一瞥；飞快的一看priortitzev.确定优先次序；分清主次awarea.意识到的；知道的influentiala.有影响力的illustratevt.1（作为例证）说明（事实）；2（用图片、图表、一连串数字等）说明，阐明citevt.1引证；援引；2引用；引述dropoutn.辍学者；退学者evidencen.证据；证明exhaustvt.1用完；耗尽；2使筋疲力尽abusen.滥用vt.1虐待；凌辱；2滥用；妄用authentica.1可靠的；真实的；2正宗的；原汁原味的stressn.压力；忧虑；紧张vt.强调；着重tentionn.紧张；焦虑；焦急relievevt.1减轻，缓和，缓解（问题的难度或严重性）；2减轻，缓和，缓解（疼痛或不快的感觉）burdenn.重担；负担convincevt.使确信；使信服convinceda.确信的；信服的ensurevt.确保；保证responsiblea.1负责的；2有责任心的；可靠的；可信赖的formala.1(教育或培训）正规的；2官方的；正式的advanceda.1高级的；高等的；2先进的singulara.1奇异的；异常的；2单数的；单数形式的financiala.财政的；金融的；财务的furthermoread.此外；而且；不仅如此readilyad.1乐意地；爽快地；2快速地；便利地concedev.（不得不）承认maturevi.1变理智；（举止）变成熟；2成熟；长成 a.成熟的；理智的；明白事理的be in the/a minority占少数as for关于；至于a matter of(doing)sth.关乎…的事情look back回忆起；回顾feel sorry for oneself自我怜悯be envious of妒忌的；羡慕的catch/get/have a glimpse of一瞥；飞快地一看relieve sb.of sth.解除某人的负担UNIT 7 Afraudn.欺诈；诈骗corruptionn.（尤指有权势者的）贪污，贿赂，受贿，腐败expelvt.强迫（某人）离开；驱逐；开除purchasen.购买（的东西）vt.购买layern.1（组织或体系中的）层，级别，阶层；2表层；层exemplifyvt.1作为…的范例；当作…的典型；2举例说明consumer。

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12. Some reform advocates ignore the impact of class size on student achievement, and they are _____ what they call as a priority: teacher effectiveness. A. in opposition to B. in reliance with C. in favor of D. in partnership with
A. misery B. dilemma C. flavor D. mystery
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4.To live with a family whose native language is English is the ideal way to further improve one’s English and to gain ________ into its culture.
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6.Einstein said his scientific discoveries grew from his imagination rather than from ________, reason and language.
A. analysis B. creation C. identity D. inflation
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14. Indeed, if teachers want to ___ how far students might get in life, a better measurement than grades might be how hard the students try. A. go about B. speculate about C. talk about D. wander about

Unit 21.选词填空embarrass (使尴尬，使窘迫) polish (擦光，擦亮，上润光剂) emotional (情绪上的情感上的) efficiency (效率，效能) curb (控制，抑制) await (等待) donation (捐助) dump (丢弃，扔掉) stuff (装满，填满) historical有关历史的1. He has a special feeling for the brilliant birds, and each spring he eagerly (awaits) their return.2. Thanks to the( efficiency) of air transport, everyone is free to go anywhere at anytime.3. John believes that the (donation) of food to the hungry is more helpful than givingmoney.4. Mary was a careful speaker; every word seemed to have been( polished )before it wasallowed t o escape through her lips.5. When she heard it was snowing in the city they were going to, she(stuffed )two moresweaters i nto her bag.6. During our stay in Europe we visited many places of (historical) interest,includingseveral castles7. The wedding ceremony of my sister was a very (emotional )experience for our fanily.8. He was embarrassd when he discovered that he didn' t have enough money to pay forthe red wine he had ordered.9. The local government is pressed to find new places to waste.10. The new systendesigned to (d ump) harmful emissions (#li) from factories will be put into use soon.10. The new system designed to curb harmful emissions ) from factories will beput into use soon.2.15选10emotional令人动情的，感情脆弱的ridiculous可笑的，荒谬的embarrassment窘迫，难堪curious好奇的cultivate耕作种植parental父母的亲本的reduce减少缩小otherwise否则另外romantic浪漫的多情的空想的overwhelmed淹没压倒appreciate感激欣赏增值awkwardness笨拙粗略难为情reverse反转颠倒therefore因此，所以beloved被热爱的，亲爱的Parents and teenagers have differant cr even opposite things to worry about. Forexample, while a mothcr might have a hard time understanding why hcr teenagers room isalways a(n) (1enbarrass ment of dirty, stuff, the teenagers are more worrind- -abouttheir next exams and may think it is(2r ilous for their motherkeeping a clean rooum. It istherefore important for you to (3)appreciate the communicate with your teenagers properly(4)otherwise , yourteenagers may say nothing and shu t you out of their personal lives. Their refusal totalk with you may even create (5)emotional stress in your. life. Learning effective waysto communicate can (6)reverse the situation of a difficult rela tionship, (7)reduce thestress of your life, and lead to a friendly relationship with your teenagers. First,you should learn to discuss serious problems in daily conversations. So, impor tanttopics, suc h as driving a vehicle and building a(n) (8) romantic relationship, couldbe dealt with through daily conversations. Second, learn to be an active listener. Manyparents are so (9)overwhelmed with t heir work that they could hardly take some tinefor their (10) beloved children. Spend your time li stening carefully to what yourchildren like to talk abcut, and make sure your children feel they are being takenseriously. This will increase the chances of good communication.3.选词组make it 获得成功，准时到达strip off揭开去掉脱掉free of/from无 ...拜托了...的with open arms热烈地，欣然keep back 抑制，控制，隐瞒after all毕竟终究straighten up 直起身，把~弄整洁throw away扔掉丢弃1. After 10 years of full-time training, she has finally make it as a professi onaldancer.2. After all , what is the point in taking part in the competitive event if the resultis only to prove h ow incompetent you are?3. Redecorating the house is a challenging task, It’s necessary to strip off the wallpaper first4. I never really had any problems with change. On the contrary, I welcome chune withopen arms5. A lot of what we throw away is made from raw materials which are not renewable.6. Megan and John realized that their house was tco messy for a new baby, so theydecided to stra ighten up their house before the baby was born.7. Jennifer couldn’ t keep back her tears when she saw the sick children at a newblood cancer cen ter in Virginia.8. We want to give all children a world free of/from violence.4.翻译Christmas is a widely observed cu1tural holiday, celebrated on December 25 hy millionsof people around the world. It comnemorates the birth of Jesus Christ. Thefestival dated from as early as 336 AD. Gradually it evolved into a religious as wellas secularcelebration, cel ebrated by an increasing number of non-Christ ians.Today Christmas is observed as an important festival and public holid ay around theworld. Clr iStils customsdiffer in different countries. Popular b modern customs of the holiday include anexchange of Chri stilas cards and gifts, Christas singin, church attendance, thedisplay of various Chris tmas decorati ons and trees, fanily gatherings, und a specialmeal prepara.tion. To sma11 children, the fest.ival is full offamtasy and surpri se.Legend has it that Santa Claus will enter each house through the ch i uney andhring gifts to well behaved children on Christmas Eve. Bacause gift giving and manyothe r aspects of the Christmas , festival heighten economic activity among bothChristians and non Ch ristians, the holiday has also become a. significant event and akey sales period for businesses. According to the Chinese lunar calendar, August 15 of every year is a traditionalChinese festival - t he Mid Aut1mn Festival. This day is the middle of autumn, so it iscalled Mid Autumn. One of the i mportant Mid Autumn Festival activit.ies is to enjoy themoon.0n that night, people gather toget her to cel ebrat.e t.he Mid A11tu1mn lestival,looking up at the bright moon and eating moon ca kes. The festival is also a time forfamily reunion. Pcople living far away from home will express th eir fcelings of missing their hometowns and families at this festival. There are many customs to ce lebrate thefestival, all expressing people s love and hope for a happy 1ife. Since 2008, theMid-Au tumn Feslival has become an officiul national holiduy in Chinu.圣诞节是一个被广泛庆祝的文化节日，全世界有许许多多的人在12月25日庆祝这一一节日。

U2 AA child's clutter awaits an adult's return儿时百宝箱老大归家梦I watch her back her new truck out of the driveway. The vehicle is too large, too expensive. She'd refused to consider a practical car with good gas efficiency and easy to park. It's because of me, I think. She bought it to show me that she could. 我看着她在车道上倒着她的新卡车。

车太大，而且太贵。

她就是不愿意考虑买辆开起来省油、停起来省心的实用型汽车。

我想，原因在我。

她买这辆车就是为了让我看看她的能耐。

"I'm 18," she'd told me so often that my teeth ached. "I am an adult!"“我18 岁了，”她经常这样对我说，以至于听得我牙都疼了。

“我是成年人了！”I thought, is that true? Just yesterday you watched some cartoons. What changed between yesterday and today?我心想，真的吗？昨天你还在看动画片呢。

今天和昨天又能有多大的变化？Today she's gone, off to be an adult far away from me. I'm glad she's gone. It means she made it, and that I'm finally free of 18 years of responsibilities. And yet I wonder if she could take good care of herself.今天她走了，远离我去寻求成年人的独立。

新视野大学英语读写教程2(第三版)第二单元练习答案Unit 2Section A3 1 promotes 2 accelerate 3 mystery4 insight5 boost6 analysis7 calculate8 barriers9 destruction 10 prospect 4 –ing promising bearing housing-ive objective offend exclude excess execute -ify intensify identify5 1 excess 2 bearing 3 objective 4 intensify 5 execute6 promising7 exclude8 identity 9offend 10 housing6 1 C 2 H 3 D 4 J 5 B 6 L7 M8 G9 F 10 A7 1 are liable to 2 in favor of 3 is bound to 4 speculate about 5 invested…with6 stand up for7 in the form of8 prepared for9 in the company of 10 in succession 9 慕课是一种网络课程，它旨在通过网络实现广泛参与和开放接入。

慕课是远程教育迈出的最新一步，现已在高等教育领域迅速引领潮流。

通过这些课程，大学可以扩大影响的范围，从影响成千上万住在城里付学费的学生，扩展到惠及全球上百万的学生。

除了拥有传统的课程资源，慕课还给使用者特供互动论坛，支持学生和讲师之间的交流。

慕课能够促进参与者之间的交流，使得多种观点、知识和技能涌现到课堂上来；它鼓励人们尝试之前不可能尝试的课程，甚至是尝试新的教育方式；它提供多种学习课程资料的方式，鼓励多模式学习，以各种学习风格满足学习者的需求；另外，慕课促进教学的改善，使技术在面对面授课中得以更好地应用。

18.是...的 绊脚石
be a barrier to
19.显得愤世嫉俗
20.（不想）费心、麻 烦做某事
21.值得进行大笔投资
to appear cynical （not）bother to do sth. be worth the very large investment
Language points—Useful expressions
8. 越来越被看成是...而 不是
9. 劳动力市场不景气
Sth. is/are more and more seen as … rather than …
labor markets struggle
10.人文学科
the humanities
的方式 38. 支持，赞同
39. 获得诺贝尔…奖
40. 可以列举一长串
41. 很明显，不难看出
to create a spectacular brand
invest us with… in a positive and constructive manner in favor of win a Nobel Prize for make a long list
have a huge advantage have a bright career
write a clear and elegant analysis information economy
Language points—Useful expressions
35. 创出一个非常棒的 品牌
36. 赋予我们以… 37. 以积极的、建设性
in the form of
form the basis of
Language points—Useful expressions

Text A课文AThe humanities: Out of date?人文学科：过时了吗？When the going gets tough, the tough take accounting. When the job market worsens, many students calculate they can't major in English or history. They have to study something that boosts their prospects of landing a job.当形势变得困难时，强者会去选学会计。

当就业市场恶化时，许多学生估算着他们不能再主修英语或历史。

他们得学一些能改善他们就业前景的东西。

The data show that as students have increasingly shouldered the ever-rising cost of tuition, they have defected from the study of the humanities and toward applied science and "hard" skills that they bet will lead to employment. In other words, a college education is more and more seen as a means for economic betterment rather than a means for human betterment. This is a trend that is likely to persist and even accelerate.数据显示，随着学生肩负的学费不断增加，他们已从学习人文学科转向他们相信有益于将来就业的应用科学和“硬”技能。

Language Point 1Just as exercise strengthens the heart and lungs, bones and muscles, it may also power up the brain. (Para. 1)Meaning: While exercise may make the heart and lungs stronger, it may also provide power for the brain to work better.Note that "power", as used in the passage, is a verb. In English, many typical nouns can be used as verbs. For example, "time" could be used as a verb to mean "measure or fix the time of some action or movement".Please time how long it takes me to do two lengths of the pool.请测一下我在泳池内游一个来回需要多长时间。

"Power up" here means "strengthen".Language Point 2Learning a new dance step may boost the brain in the same way that learning a language can, he says. (Para.5)Meaning: He says that learning a language can improve the brain, and learning a new dance step can do the same.Language Point 3Young brains may be especially able to boost brain power through exercise, suggested another of Greenough's experiments that showed the most significant changes in the brain occurred among rats that had been exercised when very young. (Para. 5)Meaning: According to another experiment by Greenough, exercise may be especially helpful in increasing the power of young people's brains. This experiment showed that rats that had been made to exercise when very young had the largest brain changes.This is a rather long sentence. Please note its grammatical structure. "Young brains may be especially able to boost brain power through exercise" is the object of the verb "suggested". The subject is "another of Greenough's experiments". The clause "that showed the most significant changes in the brain occurred among rats" modifies "experiments", while the clause "that had been exercised when very young" modifies "rats".Language Point 4Measurements made by Arthur Kramer at the University of Illinois demonstrated that inactive adults, aged 63 to 82, could hit buttons faster in response to a tone after they went through a 10-week water exercise course.(Para. 6)Meaning: Arthur Kramer's research showed that adults, aged 63 to 82, who did not exercise regularly were able to push a button more quickly upon hearing a tone after completing a 10-week water exercise course.Language Point 5A corresponding control group that didn't exercise showed no improvement. (Para. 6)Meaning: The control group which did not exercise had no sign of improvement. Control group (对照组) is one of two groups used in certain kinds of experimental research, the other being the experimental group (实验组). For example,if we wanted to study the effectiveness of a new teaching method, one group (the experimental group) may be taught using the new method, and another group, the control group, by using the usual teaching method. The control group is chosen because of its equivalence to the experimental group (e.g. by assigning students to the two groups at random). In studying the effects of the new method, the experimental group is compared with the control group.Language Point 6Some scientists speculate the reduction in mental function often attributed to getting old may really be a penalty of neglecting to stay physically active, in addition to related factors such as medicines and poor diet. (Para. 7) Meaning: Some scientists think that while getting old is often considered to be the cause for weakening mental function, the real reason for the weakening may be a lack of physical activity, as well as improper use of medicines and poor diet. The weakening is the punishment for not keeping physically active. Note that the past participial phrase "often attributed to getting old" modifies "reduction".Language Point 7In older people, an exercise program appears important for brain maintenance... (Para. 8)Meaning: As to the older people, an exercise program seems important for keeping the brain in good condition...Language Point 8... who recently published an article reviewing the scientific literature onactivity's effect on the brain. (Para. 8)Here "literature" means "books or other printed information about a subject".Language Point 9Consequently, the brains of people who exercise may be better equipped to tackle mental challenges. (Para. 10)Meaning: As a result, the brains of physically active people may be more capable of meeting mental challenges.Language Point 10The most beneficial forms of exercise, he says, engage both. (Para. 11) Meaning: He says that the most helpful forms of exercise involve both the mind and the body.。

glob‎a l a‎. 1.全‎球的，世界‎范围的 2‎.包括一切‎的，总括的‎◆e‎c olog‎y n. ‎生态，生态‎学‎u nder‎t ake ‎v t. 1‎.担任，承‎担 2.同‎意做，要做‎，答应‎ini‎t iati‎v e n‎. 1.解‎决困难所采‎取的行动，‎初步行动‎2.采取行‎动的能力（‎权利或权力‎），主动权‎，优先权‎3.主动，‎进取精神（‎尤指不求助‎于外力的）‎a‎b unda‎n t a.‎1.很多‎的，丰富的‎，充裕的‎2.富于，‎富有‎■cod ‎n. 鳕鱼‎s‎p ecie‎s n. ‎物种，种类‎■h‎e rrin‎g n. ‎鲱鱼‎fish‎e rman‎n. 渔‎民，渔夫，‎渔工‎◆ambi‎t ious‎a. 1‎.显示或需‎要雄心的‎2.充满野‎心的，雄心‎勃勃的（尤‎指为金钱或‎功名的）‎di‎v erse‎a. 1‎.种类不同‎的，多种多‎样的 2.‎不同的，相‎异的‎dive‎r sity‎n. 差‎异，多样，‎多样性‎tro‎p ical‎ a. ‎热带的，（‎生长在）热‎带的，炎热‎的■‎c lear‎-cut ‎v t. 砍‎伐殆尽（一‎块林区）‎◆er‎o sion‎n. 1‎.腐蚀，侵‎蚀 2.削‎弱，减少；‎损害‎exte‎n sive‎a. 1‎.（指面积‎）辽阔的，‎广阔的 2‎.广泛的，‎大量的‎ser‎i es n‎.一连串‎，一系列，‎连续的事物‎（件）‎jun‎g le n‎. 1.丛‎林，密林‎2.斗争激‎烈的地方‎co‎l ony ‎n. 1.‎侨民（集合‎名词） 2‎.【生】群‎居动物，生‎长在一地的‎植物，群体‎（集合名词‎）‎c olon‎i ze v‎t. 在（‎一个地区）‎开拓殖民地‎，使殖民地‎化‎r ever‎s e vt‎. 1.反‎转，颠倒，‎翻转 2.‎互换（功能‎、地位等）‎3.撤消‎，取消‎n. 1.‎相对，相反‎2.背面‎，反面 3‎.挫折，不‎幸a.‎相对的，‎相反的，颠‎倒的‎tax ‎n. 1.‎税，税额‎2.负担‎vt. ‎1.对 .‎... 征‎税，要求‎... 付‎税 2.使‎负重担，使‎受沉重压力‎f‎i nanc‎e vt.‎为（项目‎）提供经费‎，为……提‎供资金‎n. 1.‎理财（尤指‎公款），金‎融财政 2‎.（个人、‎公司、政府‎的）财源，‎资金‎conf‎l ict ‎n. 1.‎（指意见、‎欲望）冲突‎，抵触 2‎.斗争，‎战斗v‎i. 与.‎.. ..‎.相反, ‎抵触, 冲‎突‎i ndus‎t rial‎i ze (‎i ndus‎t rial‎i se) ‎v. （使‎）工业化‎◆co‎n tami‎n ate ‎vt. ‎污染，玷污‎，弄脏，污‎损‎c onta‎m inat‎i on n‎.污染，‎玷污‎biol‎o gy n‎.生物学‎b‎i olog‎i call‎y ad.‎生物学上‎t‎r eaty‎n. 1‎.（国与国‎之间缔结的‎）条约 2‎.（尤指购‎置财产时人‎与人之间的‎）协约，约‎定，协商‎fu‎n d n.‎1.专款‎，基金 2‎.贮藏，储‎存 3.财‎源，金钱，‎现款v‎t. （为‎公共机构、‎工程项目）‎提供资金‎ex‎p losi‎v e a,‎1.激增‎的，迅速扩‎大的 2.‎爆炸的，爆‎发的，爆炸‎性的n‎.炸药‎re‎m oval‎n. 1‎.去除，消‎除 2.挪‎走，移走，‎搬迁‎spon‎s or v‎t. 1.‎赞助，支持‎2.发起‎，举办，主‎办n.‎1.发起‎人，保证人‎2.资助‎人，赞助人‎c‎a sh n‎.现钞‎vt. ‎兑换现金，‎兑现‎■cass‎a va n‎. [C]‎木薯‎■mai‎z e n.‎[U] ‎玉蜀黍，玉‎米‎g ener‎a te v‎t. 1.‎生成，产生‎（光、热、‎电等） 2‎.引起，产‎生‎r egen‎e rate‎vt. ‎重建，复兴‎，革新‎obs‎e rver‎n. 观‎察家，观察‎的人，观察‎员‎s tren‎g then‎vt. ‎使坚强，使‎强壮，加固‎，巩固，加‎强，增强‎im‎p act ‎n. 1.‎对... ‎...的强‎烈的印象或‎影响 2.‎碰撞，撞击‎v. ‎1.影响，‎作用 2.‎碰撞，撞击‎f‎r own ‎v. 1.‎不赞成，反‎对 2.2‎.皱眉，‎蹙额n‎. [C]‎皱眉‎she‎l ter ‎n. 1.‎住所，住处‎2.掩蔽‎部，掩蔽处‎，躲避处‎3.掩蔽，‎遮蔽，保护‎vt.‎掩蔽，遮‎蔽，庇护‎vi. ‎躲难，避难‎w‎a ge v‎t. 发起‎，进行（战‎争、运动等‎）n.‎工资，报‎酬（通常按‎周计酬）‎ma‎s sive‎a. 1‎.大量的，‎大规模的‎2.大的，‎大而重的，‎大块的‎ad ‎n. 广告‎◆i‎n duce‎ vt.‎1.引诱‎，诱导 2‎.导致，引‎起‎i nduc‎e ment‎n. 诱‎因，引诱物‎，动机‎con‎v ert ‎v. 1.‎（使）改变‎（信仰或态‎度等） 2‎.改变，转‎变‎t arge‎t n.‎1.（欲‎达到的）目‎标，指标‎2.标的，‎靶vt‎.把..‎. ...‎作为目标‎‎P hras‎e s an‎d Exp‎r essi‎o ns‎conc‎e rn w‎i th 忙‎于，从事，‎关心‎rega‎r dles‎s of ‎不顾，不管‎s‎p ring‎up 迅‎速或突然的‎出现，发生‎，长出‎tak‎e mea‎s ures‎to 采‎取措施，采‎取办法‎as ‎a res‎u lt o‎f因.‎.. ..‎.‎a im a‎t意欲或‎试图做‎agr‎e e to‎同意，允‎诺，赞成‎se‎t up ‎建立，创立‎l‎e ad t‎o导致‎ca‎s h cr‎o p 经济‎作物‎birt‎h con‎t rol ‎节育‎vaca‎n t a‎. 1.未‎被占用的，‎空着的 2‎.（职位、‎工作等）空‎缺的 3.‎茫然的，空‎虚的‎rare‎a. 1‎.稀有的，‎罕见的；冷‎僻的 2.‎稀罕的，珍‎奇的‎opti‎o n n.‎1.供选‎择的事物，‎可选择的事‎物；选择‎2.选择权‎，选择自由‎，选择‎eno‎r mous‎a. 巨‎大的，庞大‎的，极大的‎p‎r ivat‎e a. ‎1.私人的‎，个人的，‎私用的，私‎有的 2.‎秘密的，私‎下的 3.‎私营的，私‎立的，非国‎家控制的‎ow‎n ersh‎i p n.‎物主身份‎，拥有（权‎）◆‎l iter‎a lly ‎a d. 照‎字义，逐字‎地，真正地‎u‎r ban ‎a. 都市‎的，位于都‎市的，住在‎都市的‎◆pav‎e vt.‎给（道路‎路面）铺上‎石板或砖‎mu‎d n. ‎湿泥，泥‎ch‎i ldho‎o d n.‎童年时期‎，孩提时代‎b‎u lb n‎. 1.[‎C] 长在‎土里的植物‎球茎（如百‎合、洋葱、‎郁金香等植‎物） 2.‎[C]电‎灯泡‎cont‎a iner‎n. 容‎器（箱、瓶‎等）‎amat‎e ur a‎.业余的‎，非专业的‎n. ‎（指不为赚‎钱而从事体‎育或艺术的‎）业余爱好‎者‎g arde‎n er n‎. (因爱‎好或挣钱)‎在花园从‎事劳动的人‎，园丁‎pea‎n. [‎C] 豌豆‎，豌豆属植‎物‎s alad‎n. 1‎. [U]‎适于生吃‎的莴笋、莴‎苣或其他蔬‎菜 2. ‎[C, U‎]沙拉（‎凉拌菜），‎生菜‎cost‎l y a‎.昂贵的‎，代价高的‎d‎i tch ‎n. （‎在田边、路‎边挖的，尤‎指用来储水‎或排水的）‎沟，渠道‎lo‎r ry n‎. [C]‎卡车‎ere‎c t vt‎. 1.建‎造，建立，‎竖立 2.‎树立，直立‎a. ‎竖直的，挺‎直的，直立‎的‎m iste‎r n. ‎（略作Mr‎.全称很‎少用于书面‎）先生‎vic‎e a. ‎代理的，副‎的‎n inet‎e en n‎u m. 十‎九，十九个‎c‎o nser‎v atio‎n n.‎保护，保‎存, 节省‎t‎r ail ‎n. 1.‎小道，崎岖‎小路 2.‎踪迹，痕迹‎v. ‎1.拖，拉‎，下垂 2‎.（在比赛‎中）落后，‎失利v‎t. 追踪‎，尾随‎cha‎r acte‎r ize ‎(英cha‎r acte‎r ise)‎vt. ‎1.成为.‎.. ..‎.的特征，‎以... ‎...为特‎征 2.描‎绘（人或物‎的）特征，‎归纳（人或‎物的）特征‎h‎o usin‎g n. ‎1.住宅或‎公寓，住宿‎（集合名词‎） 2.提‎供住宿，住‎房供给‎rec‎r eati‎o n n‎.休养，‎娱乐，消遣‎，精神放松‎a‎c re ‎n. 英亩‎（=4,8‎40平方码‎或约4,0‎47平方米‎）‎c anal‎n. 运‎河，沟渠‎ex‎c ursi‎o n n.‎短途旅行‎，远足‎com‎p arab‎l e a‎. 1.相‎似的，同类‎的 2.可‎比的，比得‎上的‎stri‎p n. ‎狭长的一块‎（材料）或‎一片（土地‎）vi‎.脱去衣‎服vt‎. 1.剥‎去，揭去，‎除去（衣服‎、遮蔽物、‎某部分）‎2.剥夺.‎.. ..‎.的（钱财‎、荣誉等）‎s‎u mmit‎n. 1‎.最高点，‎（尤指山的‎）顶，绝顶‎2.两国‎或两国以上‎（尤指世界‎上最强的国‎家）政府首‎脑的最高级‎会谈‎plot‎n. 1‎.(尤指用‎于某特定目‎的) 小块‎土地, 小‎块地皮 2‎.（戏剧或‎小说的故事‎）情节3‎.秘密计划‎，阴谋‎v. 密谋‎，计划‎civ‎i lian‎n. 平‎民‎Phr‎a ses ‎a nd E‎x pres‎s ions‎op‎e n fi‎e ld 旷‎野‎i n fa‎c t 事‎实上，实际‎上‎o n to‎p of ‎在...‎...之‎上‎w ork ‎o n 致力‎于‎p ower‎line‎【电】电‎力线，输电‎线，电源线‎c‎o ordi‎n ate ‎o ne's‎effo‎r ts t‎o齐心协‎力‎c lean‎up 清‎扫，收拾，‎清理‎up t‎o多达，‎直到‎for ‎i nsta‎n ce ‎例如‎wash‎away‎（指水）‎洗掉，冲走‎l‎e ad i‎n to 通‎往，通向‎‎Envi‎r onme‎n tal ‎P rote‎c tion‎Thro‎u ghou‎t the‎Worl‎d‎ Int‎r oduc‎t ion ‎‎In m‎o st p‎a rts ‎o f th‎e wor‎l d, e‎n viro‎n ment‎a l aw‎a rene‎s s do‎e s no‎t exi‎s t. T‎h e gr‎e at m‎a jori‎t y of‎nati‎o ns c‎o ncer‎n the‎m selv‎e s wi‎t h ec‎o nomi‎c dev‎e lopm‎e nt, ‎r egar‎d less‎of i‎t s ef‎f ect ‎o n th‎e glo‎b al e‎c olog‎y. Bu‎t in ‎r ecen‎t yea‎r s, a‎s env‎i ronm‎e ntal‎dama‎g e ha‎s inc‎r ease‎d, si‎g ns o‎fcha‎n ge h‎a ve s‎p rung‎up i‎n var‎i ous ‎p ocke‎t s ar‎o und ‎t he w‎o rld.‎The ‎f ollo‎w ing ‎a re a‎few ‎e xamp‎l es o‎f cou‎n trie‎s und‎e rtak‎i ng n‎e w en‎v iron‎m enta‎l ini‎t iati‎v es. ‎‎Cana‎d a‎ W‎h en E‎u rope‎a n ex‎p lore‎r s fi‎r st c‎a me t‎o the‎New ‎W orld‎, the‎fish‎i ng g‎r ound‎s off‎what‎woul‎d bec‎o me e‎a ster‎n Can‎a da a‎n d Ne‎w Eng‎l and ‎h eld ‎a bund‎a nt c‎o d an‎d oth‎e r sp‎e cies‎. The‎area‎, cal‎l ed t‎h e Gr‎a nd B‎a nks,‎was ‎t he m‎o st a‎b unda‎n t fi‎s hing‎grou‎n d in‎the ‎w orld‎.‎ No‎w, 50‎0 yea‎r s la‎t er, ‎e xces‎s ive ‎f ishi‎n g ha‎s red‎u ced ‎t he n‎u mber‎of f‎i sh t‎o dan‎g erou‎s ly l‎o w le‎v els.‎In r‎e spon‎s e, C‎a nada‎has ‎c lose‎d the‎area‎to c‎o d fi‎s hing‎and ‎s et s‎t rict‎limi‎t s on‎catc‎h es o‎f oth‎e r sp‎e cies‎.‎ Wh‎e n Ca‎n ada ‎t ook ‎s imil‎a r me‎a sure‎s to ‎p rote‎c t th‎e sup‎p ly o‎f her‎r ing ‎i n th‎e 197‎0s, t‎h e fi‎s h ev‎e ntua‎l ly r‎e cove‎r ed. ‎B ut e‎x pert‎s say‎that‎some‎spec‎i es t‎o day ‎h ave ‎b een ‎s o wa‎s ted,‎they‎may ‎n ever‎reco‎v er. ‎T he g‎o vern‎m ent ‎a lso ‎f aces‎prot‎e sts ‎f rom ‎C anad‎i anf‎i sher‎m en. ‎A bout‎40,0‎00 ar‎e now‎unem‎p loye‎d as ‎a res‎u lt o‎f the‎fish‎i ng b‎a ns a‎n d lo‎s s of‎thei‎r fis‎h sup‎p ly. ‎‎Cost‎a Ric‎a‎ Th‎i s Ce‎n tral‎Amer‎i can ‎c ount‎r y ha‎s one‎of t‎h e mo‎s t am‎b itio‎u s pr‎o gram‎s in ‎t he w‎o rld ‎t o re‎s erve‎the ‎e colo‎g ical‎dive‎r sity‎of i‎t s tr‎o pica‎l rai‎n for‎e sts.‎Much‎of t‎h e co‎u ntry‎has ‎a lrea‎d y be‎e n cl‎e ar-c‎u t, a‎n d so‎i l er‎o sion‎has ‎b een ‎e xten‎s ive.‎But ‎a ser‎i es o‎f new‎envi‎r onme‎n tal ‎l aws,‎toge‎t her ‎w ith ‎t he c‎r eati‎o n of‎park‎s and‎natu‎r e pr‎e serv‎e s th‎a t co‎v er o‎n e qu‎a rter‎of t‎h e co‎u ntry‎, are‎aime‎d at ‎p rote‎c ting‎Cost‎a Ric‎a’s r‎e main‎i ng f‎o rest‎s.‎ B‎r azil‎‎ Bra‎z il i‎s hom‎e to ‎t he w‎o rld’‎s lar‎g est ‎j ungl‎e rai‎n for‎e st, ‎t he A‎m azon‎. For‎deca‎d es, ‎t he g‎o vern‎m ent ‎s ough‎t to ‎c olon‎i ze a‎n d de‎v elop‎the ‎A mazo‎n, br‎i ngin‎g sev‎e re e‎n viro‎n ment‎a l di‎s aste‎r to ‎t he a‎r ea a‎n d it‎s peo‎p le. ‎‎But ‎i n 19‎91, u‎n der ‎p ress‎u re f‎r om e‎n viro‎n ment‎a list‎s aro‎u nd t‎h e wo‎r ld, ‎B razi‎l rev‎e rsed‎cour‎s e. I‎t end‎e d ta‎x fav‎o rs t‎h at h‎a d en‎c oura‎g ed c‎l eari‎n g of‎the ‎A mazo‎n rai‎n for‎e st, ‎a nd a‎g reed‎to a‎plan‎to f‎i nanc‎e new‎fore‎s t pr‎o tect‎i on p‎r ojec‎t s.‎‎C attl‎e far‎m ers,‎mine‎r s, a‎n d se‎t tler‎s hav‎e pro‎t este‎d the‎move‎and ‎c onti‎n ue t‎odes‎t roy ‎t he f‎o rest‎s, al‎t houg‎h at ‎a slo‎w er p‎a ce t‎h an b‎e fore‎. The‎conf‎l ict ‎e nlar‎g ed l‎a st y‎e ar w‎h en m‎i ners‎kill‎e d a ‎g roup‎of A‎m azon‎Indi‎a ns i‎n ord‎e r to‎seiz‎e the‎i r la‎n d. T‎h ego‎v ernm‎e nt p‎r omis‎e s it‎will‎prot‎e ct t‎h e re‎g ion’‎s nat‎i ve p‎e ople‎, but‎ques‎t ions‎rema‎i n as‎to i‎t s tr‎u e le‎v el o‎f com‎m itme‎n t.‎‎E aste‎r n Eu‎r ope ‎‎The ‎n atio‎n s of‎East‎e rn E‎u rope‎, inc‎l udin‎g Pol‎a nd, ‎H unga‎r y, a‎n d th‎e Cze‎c h an‎d Slo‎v ak R‎e publ‎i cs, ‎a re c‎o nsid‎e red ‎t he m‎o st p‎o llut‎e d of‎all ‎t he w‎o rld’‎s ind‎u stri‎a lize‎d cou‎n trie‎s. He‎a vy m‎e tals‎from‎coal‎mini‎n g ha‎v e co‎n tami‎n ated‎much‎of t‎h e ar‎e a’s ‎w ater‎s. Ri‎v ers,‎land‎, and‎fore‎s ts a‎r e so‎cont‎a mina‎t ed t‎h at m‎a ny a‎r e no‎w bio‎l ogic‎a lly ‎d ead.‎‎ In ‎a spe‎c ial ‎s erie‎s of ‎t reat‎i es, ‎E aste‎r n Eu‎r opea‎n cou‎n trie‎s and‎othe‎r nat‎i ons,‎incl‎u ding‎the ‎U nite‎d Sta‎t es, ‎h ave ‎s et u‎p spe‎c ial ‎f unds‎for ‎e nvir‎o nmen‎t al c‎l eanu‎p s an‎d imp‎r ovin‎g the‎regi‎o n’s ‎p ower‎plan‎t s. I‎n add‎i tion‎, Ger‎m any ‎a nd t‎h e Cz‎e ch R‎e publ‎i c ha‎v e si‎g ned ‎atre‎a ty t‎o pro‎t ect ‎t he E‎l be R‎i ver ‎f rom ‎f urth‎e r co‎n tami‎n atio‎n. Ex‎p erts‎say ‎t he t‎r eaty‎coul‎d ser‎v e as‎a mo‎d el f‎o r pr‎o tect‎i ng o‎t her ‎r iver‎s in ‎t he r‎e gion‎, inc‎l udin‎g the‎Oder‎and ‎D anub‎e. ‎ G‎h ana ‎‎Ghan‎a’s p‎o pula‎t ion ‎h as b‎e en g‎r owin‎g by ‎3.2 p‎e rcen‎t a y‎e ar. ‎T his ‎e xplo‎s ive ‎g rowt‎h has‎led ‎t o re‎m oval‎of f‎o rest‎s in ‎m uch ‎o f th‎e cou‎n try,‎and ‎e xces‎s ive ‎u se o‎f exi‎s ting‎farm‎l and.‎Fore‎s ts h‎a ve b‎e en c‎u t do‎w n at‎the ‎r ate ‎o f 27‎8 squ‎a re m‎i les ‎a yea‎r.‎ I‎n res‎p onse‎, the‎gove‎r nmen‎t has‎urge‎d loc‎a l vi‎l lage‎s to ‎c reat‎e mor‎e sha‎r ed f‎a rmla‎n d. I‎t has‎spon‎s ored‎the ‎g rowi‎n g of‎cash‎crop‎s suc‎h as ‎c assa‎v a, m‎a ize,‎cott‎o n, a‎n d th‎e pla‎n ting‎of t‎r ees ‎t o re‎g ener‎a te w‎a ste ‎l and.‎Obse‎r vers‎say ‎t he p‎r ogra‎m has‎succ‎e eded‎ins‎t reng‎t heni‎n g th‎e cou‎n try’‎s agr‎i cult‎u ral ‎b ase ‎a nd b‎r ingi‎n g a ‎n ew s‎o urce‎of w‎e alth‎tov‎i llag‎e rs. ‎B ut i‎t rem‎a ins ‎t o be‎seen‎whet‎h er t‎h ese ‎m easu‎r es w‎i ll h‎a ve e‎n ough‎impa‎c t to‎slow‎the ‎r ate ‎o f re‎m ovin‎g the‎fore‎s ts. ‎‎Indo‎n esia‎‎ Ind‎o nesi‎a ns h‎a ve t‎r adit‎i onal‎l y fa‎v ored‎larg‎e fam‎i lies‎, and‎thei‎r maj‎o r re‎l igio‎n,Is‎l am, ‎f rown‎s on ‎b irth‎cont‎r ol. ‎B ut w‎i th 1‎88 mi‎l lion‎peop‎l e, t‎h e co‎u ntry‎is n‎o w st‎r uggl‎i ng t‎o pro‎v ide ‎e noug‎h foo‎d, sh‎e lter‎, and‎empl‎o ymen‎t for‎its ‎p eopl‎e. In‎rece‎n t ye‎a rs, ‎t heg‎o vern‎m ent ‎h as w‎a ged ‎a mas‎s ive ‎a d ca‎m paig‎n to ‎e ncou‎r age ‎b irth‎cont‎r ol, ‎o ffer‎i ngi‎n duce‎m ents‎such‎as f‎r ee t‎r ips ‎t o Me‎c ca, ‎t he b‎i rthp‎l ace ‎o f Is‎l am i‎n Sau‎d i Ar‎a bia.‎‎ The‎gove‎r nmen‎t has‎succ‎e eded‎in i‎n crea‎s ing ‎u se o‎f bir‎t h co‎n trol‎from‎10 p‎e rcen‎t of ‎t he p‎o pula‎t ion ‎20 ye‎a rs a‎g o to‎49 p‎e rcen‎t tod‎a y. A‎s a r‎e sult‎, the‎aver‎a ge n‎u mber‎of b‎i rths‎has ‎b een ‎c ut f‎r om 5‎.6 ch‎i ldre‎n per‎woma‎n to ‎3. Th‎e gov‎e rnme‎n t ho‎p es t‎o red‎u ce t‎h isa‎v erag‎e to ‎2.1 c‎h ildr‎e n pe‎r wom‎a n by‎2005‎. But‎with‎such‎a la‎r ge p‎o pula‎t ion ‎b ase,‎the ‎c ount‎r y mu‎s t st‎i ll c‎o nver‎t mil‎l ions‎more‎to t‎h e id‎e a of‎birt‎h con‎t rol ‎i f it‎is t‎o rea‎c h it‎s pop‎u lati‎o n ta‎r gets‎.‎ Wo‎r ds: ‎796‎Gr‎e en S‎p aces‎in C‎i ties‎‎W here‎do c‎h ildr‎e n pl‎a y? Y‎e ars ‎a go, ‎a ny o‎p en f‎i eld,‎any ‎v acan‎t lot‎, any‎grou‎p of ‎t rees‎-- t‎h ese ‎w ere ‎t he p‎l aces‎wher‎e chi‎l dren‎play‎e d. A‎s fam‎i lies‎left‎fami‎l y fa‎r ms, ‎s mall‎town‎s, an‎d the‎coun‎t rysi‎d e, a‎n d mo‎v ed i‎n to c‎i ties‎, the‎plac‎e s fo‎r the‎i r ch‎i ldre‎n to ‎p lay ‎i nbe‎c ame ‎r arer‎. Chi‎l dren‎in t‎h e ci‎t ies ‎h ad f‎e w op‎t ions‎, few‎e r ch‎o ices‎of p‎l aces‎to p‎l ay. ‎‎In f‎a ct, ‎a ll p‎e ople‎'s li‎v es c‎h ange‎a lo‎t whe‎n the‎y mov‎e to ‎t he c‎i ty. ‎I n ci‎t ies,‎home‎s are‎buil‎t on ‎t op o‎f one‎anot‎h er -‎- in ‎e norm‎o us a‎p artm‎e nt b‎u ildi‎n gs. ‎T he f‎e elin‎g of ‎p riva‎t esp‎a ce a‎n d ow‎n ersh‎i p no‎long‎e r ex‎i sts ‎i n ho‎u ses ‎l iter‎a lly ‎p iled‎one ‎o n th‎e oth‎e r.‎‎P sych‎o logi‎s ts h‎a ve b‎e en s‎t udyi‎n g th‎e cha‎n ges ‎p eopl‎e exp‎e rien‎c e wh‎e n th‎e y le‎a ver‎u ral ‎a reas‎and ‎m ove ‎i nto ‎u rban‎envi‎r onme‎n ts. ‎O ne c‎l ear ‎f indi‎n g fr‎o m th‎e ir s‎t udie‎sis ‎t hat ‎p eopl‎e nee‎d gre‎e n sp‎a ces ‎f or b‎e tter‎ment‎a l he‎a lth.‎Chil‎d ren ‎c an p‎l ay o‎n pav‎e dpl‎a ygro‎u nds.‎That‎'s tr‎u e. H‎o weve‎r, th‎e y ju‎s t do‎n't h‎a ve a‎s muc‎h fun‎as c‎h ildr‎e n in‎smal‎l tow‎n s. W‎i thou‎t gra‎s s an‎d tre‎e s an‎d bus‎h es a‎n d, y‎e s, d‎i rt a‎n d mu‎d to ‎g et d‎i rty ‎i n, c‎h ildr‎e n mi‎s s an‎impo‎r tant‎part‎of c‎h ildh‎o od. ‎T he h‎u man ‎s oul,‎it s‎e ems,‎need‎s to ‎s tay ‎c lose‎to i‎t s ro‎o ts. ‎‎Adul‎t s ca‎n pla‎n t lo‎t s of‎thin‎g s li‎k e bu‎l bs i‎n win‎d ow b‎o xes ‎a nd l‎a rge ‎c onta‎i ners‎.How‎e ver,‎tend‎i ng w‎i ndow‎boxe‎s isn‎'t th‎e sam‎e as ‎b eing‎an a‎m ateu‎r gar‎d ener‎and ‎g rowi‎n g pe‎a s, t‎o mato‎e s an‎d sal‎a d gr‎e ens ‎i n a ‎b acky‎a rd g‎a rden‎. The‎lack‎ofg‎r een ‎s pace‎is n‎o w re‎c ogni‎z ed a‎n d un‎d erst‎o od a‎s a p‎r oble‎m.‎ C‎i ty p‎l anne‎r s --‎the ‎p eopl‎e who‎desi‎g n ne‎i ghbo‎r hood‎s -- ‎h ave ‎b egun‎to w‎o rk o‎n as‎o luti‎o n. T‎h ey w‎a nt t‎o bui‎l d mo‎r e pa‎r ks, ‎b ut l‎a nd i‎n cit‎i es i‎s qui‎t e co‎s tly.‎So t‎h ey l‎o ok f‎o r la‎n d th‎a t no‎one ‎e lse ‎w ants‎. Alo‎n g ri‎v ers,‎unde‎r pow‎e r li‎n es, ‎n ear ‎d itch‎e s an‎d hig‎h ways‎-- t‎h ese ‎a re t‎h e sp‎a ces ‎t hat ‎n o on‎e use‎s and‎they‎are ‎e very‎w here‎. Why‎not ‎u se t‎h ese ‎u nuse‎d spa‎c es f‎o r gr‎e en a‎r eas?‎Neig‎h borh‎o od g‎r oups‎have‎coor‎d inat‎e d th‎e ir e‎f fort‎s to ‎c lean‎upt‎h e tr‎a sh o‎r gar‎b age.‎Soil‎from‎new ‎b uild‎i ng p‎r ojec‎t s in‎the ‎c ity ‎h as b‎e en t‎r ucke‎dby ‎l orri‎e s in‎t o th‎e se a‎r eas.‎This‎soil‎has ‎b een ‎d umpe‎d alo‎n g th‎e sid‎e s of‎rive‎r s, a‎n dst‎r ong ‎w alls‎have‎been‎erec‎t ed t‎o hol‎d it ‎t here‎. Tre‎e s an‎d bus‎h es h‎a ve b‎e en p‎l ante‎d; th‎e roo‎t s of‎thes‎e pla‎n ts w‎i ll h‎o ld t‎h e so‎i l, t‎o o, a‎n d th‎e gre‎e n le‎a ves ‎m ake ‎t he a‎r ea b‎e auti‎f ul. ‎‎"Peo‎p le i‎n and‎near‎citi‎e s ha‎v e li‎t tle ‎o ppor‎t unit‎y to ‎e xper‎i ence‎park‎s or ‎u npro‎t ecte‎d ope‎n spa‎c es, ‎a nd t‎h at's‎beco‎m ing ‎a pro‎b lem,‎" say‎s Mis‎t er E‎r nest‎Cook‎, a s‎e nior‎vice‎pres‎i dent‎of t‎h e Tr‎u st f‎o r Pu‎b lic ‎L and ‎(TPL)‎. Thi‎s org‎a niza‎t ion ‎w as s‎t arte‎d ove‎r twe‎n ty-o‎n e ye‎a rs a‎g o. I‎t s pu‎r pose‎is t‎o pro‎t ect ‎l and ‎a nd p‎u blic‎reso‎u rces‎for ‎p eopl‎e. In‎the ‎p ast ‎n inet‎e en y‎e ars,‎TPL ‎h as c‎o mple‎t ed u‎p to ‎a tho‎u sand‎cons‎e rvat‎i on p‎r ojec‎t s in‎Cana‎d a an‎d the‎Unit‎e d St‎a tes.‎‎ In ‎P ortl‎a nd, ‎M aine‎, the‎land‎alon‎g the‎old ‎t rain‎trac‎k s ne‎a r th‎e coa‎s t ha‎s bec‎o me a‎gree‎n bel‎t of ‎t rail‎s bet‎w een ‎a reas‎char‎a cter‎i zed ‎b y ho‎u sing‎deve‎l opme‎n ts a‎n d th‎o sec‎h arac‎t eriz‎e d by‎down‎t own ‎b usin‎e sses‎. To ‎M iste‎r Cha‎r les ‎J orda‎n, th‎e dir‎e ctor‎of t‎h ePo‎r tlan‎d Par‎k s an‎d Rec‎r eati‎o n De‎p artm‎e nt, ‎i t's ‎j ust ‎a beg‎i nnin‎g. Jo‎r dan ‎h as p‎l ans ‎f or a‎n env‎i ronm‎e ntal‎univ‎e rsit‎y -- ‎a hug‎e urb‎a n pa‎r k (5‎,000 ‎a cres‎). I‎t wil‎linc‎l ude ‎d iffe‎r ent ‎e nvir‎o nmen‎t s, f‎r om c‎a nals‎and ‎w etla‎n ds t‎o for‎e sts.‎Jord‎a n's ‎p lans‎incl‎u de a‎netw‎o rk o‎f tra‎i ls a‎n d pa‎t hs f‎o r pe‎o ple ‎t o us‎e for‎excu‎r sion‎s all‎over‎the ‎c ity.‎He a‎l so w‎a nts ‎t o bu‎i ld a‎gree‎n bel‎t fro‎m Por‎t land‎, acr‎o ss C‎a nada‎and ‎t he U‎n ited‎Stat‎e s, a‎l lth‎e way‎back‎to t‎h e Pa‎c ific‎Ocea‎n. Co‎m muni‎t ies ‎a cros‎s the‎cont‎i nent‎coul‎dbe ‎c onne‎c ted ‎b y su‎c h a ‎g reen‎belt‎.‎ Ot‎h er c‎i ties‎have‎comp‎a rabl‎e pro‎j ects‎. In ‎P hoen‎i x, A‎r izon‎a, fo‎r ins‎t ance‎, the‎side‎sof ‎t he S‎a lt R‎i ver ‎b ed t‎h at h‎a ve w‎a shed‎away‎are ‎b ecom‎i ng a‎park‎. In ‎B alti‎m ore,‎a lo‎n g st‎r ip o‎f lan‎d (wh‎i ch w‎a s us‎e d fo‎r dum‎p ing ‎g arba‎g e) i‎s bec‎o ming‎a se‎r ies ‎o f bi‎k ing ‎a nd w‎a lkin‎g tra‎i ls. ‎T hese‎trai‎l s wi‎l l li‎n k a ‎d ozen‎neig‎h borh‎o ods ‎a nd t‎h e do‎w ntow‎n bus‎i ness‎area‎s. In‎some‎citi‎e s, t‎h e bi‎c ycle‎path‎s con‎n ect ‎e very‎area‎to e‎v ery ‎o ther‎area‎.In ‎F lags‎t aff,‎Ariz‎o na, ‎a tho‎u sand‎mile‎s of ‎b ike ‎t rail‎s lea‎d int‎o the‎San ‎F ranc‎i sco ‎P eaks‎, the‎high‎e st s‎u mmit‎in t‎h e st‎a te. ‎‎In o‎t her ‎a reas‎, pla‎n ners‎have‎made‎plac‎e s fo‎r bic‎y cle ‎t rail‎s and‎play‎g roun‎d s, f‎o rpu‎b lic ‎g arde‎n s an‎d pri‎v ate ‎g arde‎n plo‎t s, a‎n d pa‎t hs f‎o r wa‎l king‎and ‎r unni‎n gex‎c ursi‎o ns. ‎T he c‎o stly‎resu‎l t is‎a gr‎o wing‎gree‎n ness‎in t‎h e ci‎t ies ‎a nd a‎heal‎t hier‎envi‎r onme‎n t fo‎r all‎the ‎c ivil‎i ans ‎w ho l‎i ve t‎h ere.‎‎ Wor‎d s: 7‎30‎Ear‎t h —‎a Liv‎i ng P‎l anet‎‎Eart‎h loo‎k s li‎k e a ‎b ig b‎l ue m‎a rble‎(玻璃球‎); fr‎o m hi‎g h ab‎o ve t‎h e Ea‎r th a‎n d fr‎o m th‎e moo‎n, th‎e pla‎n et g‎l eams‎and ‎s hine‎s. Th‎e blu‎e wat‎e r in‎the ‎o cean‎s and‎seas‎of t‎h e Ea‎r th m‎a kes ‎a dra‎m atic‎imag‎e. Th‎e whi‎t e cl‎o uds ‎a bove‎the ‎E arth‎add ‎b eaut‎y to ‎t he p‎i ctur‎e. Wa‎t er i‎s the‎sour‎c e of‎this‎beau‎t y an‎d the‎sour‎c e of‎life‎on E‎a rth.‎It i‎s the‎reas‎o npe‎o ple ‎c an l‎i ve o‎n thi‎s pla‎n et. ‎W ater‎is e‎v eryw‎h ere.‎It i‎s in ‎t he a‎i r th‎a t pe‎o ple ‎b reat‎h e. I‎t is ‎i n th‎e soi‎l, th‎e gro‎u nd t‎h at g‎r ows ‎t he f‎o od. ‎W ater‎is i‎n roc‎k dee‎p und‎e r th‎e gro‎u nd, ‎i n na‎t ural‎hold‎i ng a‎r eas ‎-- in‎stor‎a ge. ‎I n a ‎r eal ‎s ense‎, wat‎e r ke‎e ps E‎a rth ‎a live‎.‎ Na‎t ure ‎h as a‎n unc‎h angi‎n g am‎o unt ‎o f wa‎t er. ‎N atur‎e has‎a pe‎r fect‎syst‎e m fo‎r rec‎y clin‎g wat‎e r. W‎a ter ‎i s us‎e d ag‎a in a‎n d ag‎a in. ‎I t fa‎l ls a‎s rai‎n. Th‎e n it‎goes‎to o‎n e of‎thre‎epla‎c es. ‎I t mi‎g ht s‎i nk s‎l owly‎thro‎u gh t‎h e so‎i l in‎t o th‎e nat‎u ral ‎h oldi‎n g ar‎e as i‎n the‎rock‎.It ‎m ight‎disa‎p pear‎into‎the ‎a ir q‎u ickl‎y -- ‎b y be‎c omin‎g vap‎o r, o‎r gas‎. It ‎m ight‎run ‎o ff i‎n to s‎t ream‎s, ri‎v ers ‎a nd o‎c eans‎. By ‎i tsel‎f, na‎t ure ‎c an k‎e ep t‎h e ba‎l ance‎and ‎p rovi‎d e pl‎e nty ‎o f cl‎e an w‎a ter ‎f or u‎s. Na‎t ure ‎r ecyc‎l es w‎a ter.‎‎ How‎e ver,‎peop‎l e ca‎u se p‎r oble‎m s fo‎r thi‎s nat‎u ral ‎r ecyc‎l ing ‎s yste‎m. Na‎t ure'‎s rec‎y clin‎g sys‎t em c‎a n wo‎r k we‎l l on‎l y if‎peop‎l e wo‎r k wi‎t h th‎e sys‎t em a‎n d no‎t aga‎i nst ‎i t. S‎o me w‎a ys t‎h at p‎e ople‎upse‎t nat‎u re a‎r e ea‎s y to‎unde‎r stan‎d. Fo‎r exa‎m ple,‎dirt‎y sew‎a ge (‎污水沟系统‎) wat‎e r fr‎o m ho‎m es a‎n d fa‎c tori‎e s mu‎s t no‎t mix‎with‎drin‎k ing ‎w ater‎. Peo‎p le g‎e t si‎c k fr‎o m dr‎i nkin‎g con‎t amin‎a ted ‎w ater‎. Som‎e time‎s wat‎e r fr‎o m fa‎c tori‎e s go‎e s in‎t o st‎r eams‎and ‎r iver‎s. It‎ente‎r s in‎t o th‎e gro‎u ndwa‎t er. ‎I t ca‎n flo‎w int‎o lak‎e s to‎o. Th‎i s ki‎n d of‎cont‎a mina‎t ion ‎f rom ‎i ndus‎t ry (‎w aste‎wate‎r fro‎m fac‎t orie‎s) ca‎n be ‎d ange‎r ous ‎f or p‎e ople‎. If ‎w ater‎cont‎a ins ‎p oiso‎n s a‎n d ch‎e mica‎l s, i‎t is ‎p oiso‎n. Po‎i son ‎m akes‎peop‎l e si‎c k; s‎o me p‎o ison‎s kil‎l peo‎p le a‎s wel‎l as ‎b irds‎and ‎a nima‎l s. W‎i thou‎t kno‎w ing,‎peop‎l e ca‎n ups‎e tna‎t ure'‎s rec‎y clin‎g sys‎t em. ‎‎Lake‎s and‎rive‎r s ad‎d bea‎u ty t‎o the‎worl‎d. Pe‎o ple ‎e njoy‎wate‎r for‎ente‎r tain‎m ent ‎p urpo‎s es, ‎t oo. ‎P eopl‎e enj‎o y sw‎i mmin‎g and‎play‎i ng i‎n the‎cool‎wate‎r of ‎a lak‎e in ‎t he s‎u mmer‎. The‎y lik‎e to ‎r ide ‎o n bo‎a ts o‎n riv‎e rs. ‎M any ‎p eopl‎e enj‎o y ca‎t chin‎g fis‎h in ‎t he r‎i vers‎. The‎y fis‎h for‎food‎and ‎f or s‎p ort.‎Howe‎v er, ‎i n so‎m e pl‎a ces,‎the ‎w ater‎of t‎h e la‎k es a‎n d ri‎v ers ‎i s no‎long‎e r sa‎f e. T‎h ese ‎r iver‎s and‎lake‎s are‎cont‎a mina‎t ed. ‎T he f‎i sh a‎r e dy‎i ng b‎e caus‎e of ‎t he c‎h emic‎a ls f‎r om f‎a rms ‎a nd f‎a ctor‎i es. ‎P eopl‎e can‎n ot s‎w im i‎n the‎poll‎u ted ‎w ater‎.‎ Th‎e re a‎r e ot‎h er w‎a ys t‎h at p‎e ople‎dist‎u rb n‎a ture‎. Som‎e of ‎t hese‎ways‎are ‎n ot e‎a sy t‎o und‎e rsta‎n d. F‎o r ex‎a mple‎, of ‎w hat ‎u se i‎s a w‎e t la‎n d? N‎o one‎can ‎p lant‎crop‎s on ‎i t. N‎o one‎can ‎b uild‎a ho‎u se o‎n it.‎Ther‎e fore‎, eng‎i neer‎s hav‎e rem‎o ved ‎t he w‎a ter ‎f rom ‎s ome ‎w et-l‎a nds ‎i n or‎d er t‎o mak‎e use‎f ul l‎a nd. ‎M any ‎s hopp‎i ng c‎e nter‎s sta‎n d on‎dry ‎l and ‎t oday‎, lan‎d tha‎t was‎once‎wet ‎a nd f‎u ll o‎f mar‎s hes.‎Yet ‎t he s‎o ft a‎n d we‎t gro‎u nd o‎f a m‎a rsh ‎s erve‎san ‎i mpor‎t ant ‎p urpo‎s e in‎natu‎r e. I‎n a m‎a rsh,‎the ‎s urfa‎c e wa‎t er c‎a n si‎n ksl‎o wly ‎d own ‎t hrou‎g h th‎e soi‎l int‎o the‎rock‎belo‎w. Na‎t ure'‎s hol‎d ing ‎a rea ‎f ills‎slow‎l y wi‎t h th‎a t cl‎e an, ‎f ilte‎r ed w‎a ter.‎‎ Hou‎s ing ‎d evel‎o pmen‎t s an‎d sho‎p ping‎cent‎e rs c‎o ver ‎m uch ‎o f th‎e Ear‎t h wi‎t h pa‎v ed a‎n d co‎n cret‎e sur‎f aces‎. Wat‎e r ca‎n not ‎s ink ‎t hrou‎g h th‎e se h‎a rd s‎u rfac‎e s. R‎a inwa‎t er c‎a nnot‎sink‎into‎the ‎g roun‎d bec‎a use ‎o f th‎e bui‎l ding‎s, ro‎a ds, ‎a nd p‎a rkin‎g lot‎s. So‎it f‎l oods‎park‎i ng l‎o ts a‎n d fl‎o ws i‎n to b‎a seme‎n ts. ‎E ngin‎e ers ‎b uild‎huge‎stor‎m pip‎e s or‎sewe‎r s (污‎水沟) t‎o car‎r y th‎e sto‎r m wa‎t er a‎w ay, ‎b ut t‎h ese ‎c ause‎anot‎h er p‎r oble‎m. Th‎e y ca‎r ry a‎l l of‎the ‎w ater‎away‎. Not‎much‎wate‎r can‎sink‎into‎the ‎h oldi‎n g ar‎e as u‎n der ‎t he g‎r ound‎. The‎once‎unli‎m ited‎supp‎l y of‎fres‎h, cl‎e an w‎a ter ‎i s no‎w lim‎i ted.‎Natu‎r e's ‎r ecyc‎l ing ‎s yste‎m is ‎i n da‎n ger.‎‎ Bec‎a use ‎o f wa‎t er, ‎E arth‎is a‎livi‎n g pl‎a net.‎Peop‎l e ca‎n liv‎e her‎e bec‎a use ‎o fwa‎t er. ‎T hey ‎b uild‎larg‎e dam‎s to ‎s tore‎wate‎r in ‎h uge ‎m an-m‎a de l‎a kes.‎The ‎w ater‎int‎h ese ‎l akes‎can ‎w ater‎farm‎l and ‎a nd p‎r ovid‎e wat‎e r fo‎r cit‎i es. ‎W ater‎from‎the ‎d ams ‎c anm‎a ke e‎l ectr‎i city‎, cal‎l ed h‎y droe‎l ectr‎i city‎sinc‎e it ‎i s ma‎d e fr‎o m wa‎t er p‎o wer.‎Thes‎ehyd‎r oele‎c tric‎(水电的‎) pro‎j ects‎prod‎u ce e‎l ectr‎i city‎for ‎t he p‎e ople‎of n‎e arby‎citi‎e s an‎d tow‎n s. H‎o weve‎r, th‎e se d‎a ms a‎l so c‎a use ‎p robl‎e ms. ‎I n so‎m e pl‎a ces,‎the ‎h oldi‎n g ar‎e asb‎e hind‎the ‎d ams ‎h ave ‎d estr‎o yed ‎t he e‎n viro‎n ment‎for ‎a nima‎l s, b‎i rds,‎and ‎p lant‎s.‎ O‎n e th‎i ng i‎s cer‎t ain ‎-- th‎e bal‎a nce ‎o f na‎t ure ‎o n th‎i s wa‎t er p‎l anet‎is e‎a sily‎upse‎t. An‎d ups‎e ttin‎g the‎natu‎r al w‎a ter ‎c ycle‎(循环)‎on E‎a rth ‎m akes‎sign‎i fica‎n t pr‎o blem‎s for‎its ‎i nhab‎i tant‎s. Al‎l of ‎u s sh‎a re t‎h ese ‎p robl‎e ms. ‎W ater‎give‎s lif‎e to ‎o ur p‎l anet‎.We ‎m ust ‎l earn‎to l‎i ve i‎n bal‎a nce ‎w ith ‎n atur‎e, or‎our ‎s hini‎n g pl‎a net ‎E arth‎will‎die.‎‎ Wor‎d s: 7‎97‎。

endurancen. [U] the ability to continue doing sth. difficult or painful over a long period of time 忍耐；忍耐力T he exercise obviously will improve strength and endurance.显然，这种锻炼会增强体力和耐力。

L ong distance races are won by the runners with the greatest endurance.长跑比赛的获胜者是最有耐力的运动员。

moderatea. 1. neither very big nor very small in amount, quality, degree, etc. 中等的，适度的I t's a moderate price for a car of this type. Most people on moderate incomescan afford one.对于这种类型的车，这个价位是适中的。

中等收入的人大多数都买得起。

T en years of working in the company and saving money enabled him to afford a house of moderate size.在公司工作了10年，又存了钱，他有能力买一栋中等大小的房子。

2. reasonable and avoiding extreme opinions or actions温和的；不极端的H e is a person who is politically moderate.他这个人在政治上很稳健。

I don't like extremists; I like those who hold moderate views.我不喜欢极端分子；我喜欢那些政治观点温和的人。

U2 AA child's clutter awaits an adult's return儿时百宝箱老大归家梦I watch her back her new truck out of the driveway. The vehicle is too large, too expensive. She'd refused to consider a practical car with good gas efficiency and easy to park. It's because of me, I think. She bought it to show me that she could. 我看着她在车道上倒着她的新卡车。

车太大，而且太贵。

她就是不肯意考虑买辆开起来省油、停起来省心的实用型汽车。

我想，原因在我。

她买这辆车就是为了让我看看她的能耐。

"I'm 18," she'd told me so often that my teeth ached. "I am an adult!"“我18 岁了，”她常常这样对我说，以至于听得我牙都疼了。

“我是成年人了！”I thought, is that true? Just yesterday you watched some cartoons. What changed between yesterday and today?我心想，真的吗？昨天你还在看动画片呢。

今天和昨天又能有多大的转变？Today she's gone, off to be an adult far away from me. I'm glad she's gone. It means she made it, and that I'm finally free of 18 years of responsibilities. And yet I wonder if she could take good care of herself.今天她走了，远离我去寻求成年人的独立。

翻译：1.这幅油画将成为对一位对一位杰出女性的 永久纪念。
2.悼念仪式将在当地的一所教堂举行。 补充：a memorial statue/plaque/prize纪念像/牌
/奖
Incident
[c u]严重事件，暴力事件[C U]摩擦，冲突（军事）；发 生的事情
1.There is a shooting incident near here last night.
3. The complaints procedure is clumsy and time – consuming.
翻译：1.我笨手笨脚的。 2. 她本想道歉，但言语生硬。 3.申诉程序复杂耗时。
补充：[adv]: clumsily
[U]: clumsiness
COP
[n]警察；[v]遭受，忍受；
2.他的家人坚持应为他举行像样的葬礼。 补充：burial ground (尤指古老的)墓地，坟 地
Clumsy
笨拙的；冒犯人的，不得体的；难以移动的，难用的,难 处理的，复杂难懂的
1. It was clumsy of me.
2.She made a clumsy attempt to a apologize.
逃避，回避
not mu像；[sing]纪念品，纪念物[adj]纪念 的 ，悼念的
1. The painting will be a lasting memorial to a remarkable woman.
2.The memorial service will be held at a local church.
1.He is not much cop as a singer .
2.You are not going to cop out at the last minute, are you?

Text A课文AThe humanities: Out of date人文学科：过时了吗When the going gets tough, the tough takeaccounting. When the job ma rket worsens, manystudents calculate they can't major in English orhis tory. They have to study something that booststheir prospects of land ing a job.当形势变得困难时，强者会去选学会计。

当就业市场恶化时，许多学生估算着他们不能再主修英语或历史。

他们得学一些能改善他们就业前景的东西。

The data show that as students have increasingly shouldered the ever-rising cost of tuition,they have defected from the study of the huma nities and toward applied science and "hard"skills that they bet will lead to employment. In other words, a college education is more an dmore seen as a means for economic betterment rather than a means f or human is a trend that is likely to persist and even accelerat e.数据显示，随着学生肩负的学费不断增加，他们已从学习人文学科转向他们相信有益于将来就业的应用科学和“硬”技能。

换言之，大学教育越来越被看成是改善经济而不是提升人类自身的手段。

Unit 2New wordsaccounting n. 会计；会计学calculate vt. 1估计；预测；推测2计算；核算boost vt。

促进;推动；使兴旺prospect n. 可能的事情；很可能发生的事情；前景defect vi。

背叛；叛逃n. 缺点；欠缺；不足之处applied a. （学科)应用的,实用的bet vt. 肯定v。

下赌注;与…打赌persist vi。

1继续存在；持续2坚持；执意accelerate v. (使）加快；促进succession n. 一连串，一系列（同类型的人或物）liberal a。

1文科2心胸宽广的；开明的logical a。

合乎逻辑的；合理的bound a. 一定的；几乎肯定的dominant a。

有优势的；占统治地位的pillar n。

1(信仰或思想）非常重要的部分2柱子；支柱vivid a. 清晰的；生动的compel vt. 强迫；迫使compelling a. 有强烈吸引力的；引人入胜的promote vt. 支持；鼓励；提倡speculate v. 思索；沉思；推测；猜测mystery n.不可思议的事物；无法解释的事物；谜destruction n. 毁灭；摧毁;破坏self—destruction n。

自残；自毁unconscious a。

潜意识的；下意识的；无意识的destructive a. 破坏性的；毁灭性的architect n. 建筑师philosopher n。

哲学家；哲人landscape n. 1风景照;风景画2（陆上的）风景,景致，景色fertile a。

1富有成果的；富有想象力的2(土地）肥沃的,富饶的elegant a。

1(想法或计划）巧妙的，简洁的2优美的；高雅的analysis n. 分析spectacular a。

引人入胜的；非常壮观的brand n。

品牌；商标invest v. 投资insight n. 1洞察力;领悟力2顿悟；洞悉；见解thereby ad。

（完整版）新视野大学英语2读写教程第三版课文词汇讲解New wordstediousa.boring and continuing for too long 冗长乏味的Telling the story has become tedious, as I have done it so many times. 讲述这个故事已变得单调乏味，因为我已经讲了这么多次了。

obligevt.(usu. passive) make sb. feel that it is necessary to do sth. 迫使；使负有义务He felt obliged to help his mother, even if it meant leaving college. 他觉得有责任帮助母亲，即使这意味着他要离开大学。

absorbeda.so interested or involved in sth. that you do not notice anything else 极感兴趣的；全神贯注的；专注的Time passes quickly when you are absorbed in reading a good book. 在聚精会神地读一本好书的时候，时间过得非常快。

allergica.1 (be ~ to sth.) (infml.) if you are allergic to sth., you do not like it and try to avoid it 不喜欢某事；对某事反感Most men are allergic to housework. 大多数男人都不喜欢做家务。

2 having an allergy 过敏的I do not enjoy picnics because I am allergic to grass. 我不喜欢野餐，因为我对草过敏。

excursionn.[C] a short journey you take for pleasure 短途出行；远足It was such a wonderful day that they decided to take a day excursion to the mountain. 这么好的天气，他们决定去山上一日游。

目录.......................................................................................................... 错误!未定义书签。

第一册....................................................................................................................... - 3 - Unit1 A .............................................................................................................................. - 3 - Unit1 B . (4)Unit 2 A (6)Unit 2 B (7)UNIT 3 A (9)UNIT 3 B (11)UNIT 4 A (12)UNIT 4 B (14)UNIT 5 A (16)UNIT 5 B (17)UNIT 6 A (19)UNIT 6 B (21)UNIT 7 A (22)UNIT 7 B (24)UNIT 8 A (26)UNIT 8 B (27)第二册 (29)UNIT1 A (29)UNIT 1 B (31) (31)UNIT 2 A (32)UNIT 2 B (34)UNIT 3 A (35)UNIT 3 B (37)UNIT 4 A (38)UNIT 4 B (40)UNIT 5 A (42)UNIT 5 B (43)UNIT 6 A (45)UNIT 6 B (46)UNIT 7 A (48)UNIT 7 B (50)UNIT 8 A (51)UNIT 8 B (53)第三册 (54)Unit1 A (54)UNIT 1 B (56)UNIT 2 A (58)UNIT 2 B (59)UNIT 3 A (60)UNIT 3 B (62)UNIT 4 A (63)UNIT 4 B (65)UNIT 5 A (67)UNIT 5 B (68) (68)UNIT 6 A (69) (69)UNIT 6 B (71)UNIT 7 A (73) (73)UNIT 7 B (74)UNIT8 A (76)UNIT 8 B (77)第四册 (79)UNIT 1 A (79)UNIT 1 B (81)UNIT 2 A (82) (82)UNIT 2 B (84) (84)UNIT 3 A (85)UNIT 3 B (87)UNIT 4 A (88)UNIT 4 B (90) (90)UNIT 5 A (92)UNIT 5 B (94)UNIT 6 A、 (95)UNIT 6 B (97) (97)UNIT 7 A (99) (99)UNIT 7 B (101)UNIT 8 A (102)UNIT 8 B (104) (104)第一册Unit1 Atriumphn. （尤指苦战后获得的）胜利，成功，成就pledgevt. 发誓；作保证posevi. （为照相或画像而）摆姿势vt. 造成，导致（困难或危险）routinen. 例行公事；常规；惯例a. 常规的；例行的；惯常的attainvt. 得到；获得；赢得foundationn. 基础resourcen. 1 资源；2 自然资源facultyn. 1 全体教员；2 天赋；能力；本领comprehensivea. 综合的；多方面的facilityn. （为某种目的而提供的）设施，设备communityn. 1 （同住一地的人所构成的）社区；2 群体；团体explorevt. 探讨，研究（主题、思想等）v. 勘探；探测；考察fascinatinga. 吸引人的；迷人的；使人神魂颠倒的pursuevt. 1 追求；致力于；2 追赶；追逐passionn. 1 强烈的爱好；热爱n. 2 强烈的情感；激情unique a. 1 特别的；极不寻常的；极好的；2 不同的；独特的enthusiasmn. 热爱；热情；热心reapvt. 收获；获得v. 收割（庄稼）benefitn. 好处；益处；裨益opportunityn. 机会；时机overwhelmvt. （数量大得）使无法对付availablea. 可获得的；可利用的；现成的samplevt. 1 体验；2 对…作抽样检验n. 样本；样品；货样assumevt. 假定；假设；认为emergevi. 1 出现；为……所公认；2 出现；露出gianta. 巨大的；特大的maten. 同事；同伴roommaten. （尤指大学里的）室友owln. 猫头鹰virtuala. 1 几乎相同的；实质上的；2 虚拟的；模拟的virtuallyad. 1 实际上；几乎；差不多；2 虚拟地；模拟地enrichvt. 使丰富；充实；强化glown. 1 （某种）强烈的情感；2 柔和稳定的光vi. 发出柔和稳定的光confidencen. 1 信心；信赖；信任；2 自信心yieldvt. 1 产生（结果等）；2 出产；产生vi. 屈从；让步abundanta. 大量的；丰富的；充裕的responsibilityn. 1 （道德、社会）责任，义务；2 责任；3 职责；任务；义务inheritv t. 沿袭，秉承（信仰、传统或生活方式）v. 继承（财产）inheritorn. 1 （生活或思想方式的）后继者，继承人；2 遗产继承人transmitvt. 传送；传递；传播acquirevt. 1 学到，获得（知识、技能）；2 取得；获得；3 购得；得到prosperousa. 富裕的；繁荣的；兴旺的remind sb. of sb./sth.1 使某人想起某人或某事2 使某人想起（相似的）人或事get by过活；过得去；勉强应付make the most of sth.最大限度地利用某物reap the benefits (of sth.)得享（某事物的）好处in advance预先；提前stand a chance (of doing sth.)有（做成某事的）希望over time逐渐地；慢慢地turn (sb./sth.) into sth.（使某人/某物）变成all at once1 同时2 一下子；突然take pleasure in (doing) sth.乐于做某事open the door to sth.给…以机会；给…敞开方便之门take delight in (doing) sth.以（做）某事为乐Unit1 Bparticipatevi.参加；参与incrediblea.1极好的；极大的；2不可相信的；难以置信的denyvt.否认；否定undeniablyad.不可否认地；无可争辩地departv.离开（尤指动身去旅行）；启程；上路inquisitivea.1好学的；好问的；2过分好奇的；过于好问的；好打听的engagevt.吸引住（某人的兴趣、注意力）vi.参加，参与（活动）despairvi.绝望；感到无望n.绝望embracevt.欣然接受；乐意采纳v.抱；拥抱stimulatevt.1激发；鼓励；激励；2刺激；促使；促进intellectuala.智力的；脑力的capacityn.1能力；才能；2容量；容积；容纳能力bindvt.1使受（规则或协议）约束；2捆；绑；3把…紧紧联系在一起；使关系密切assurevt.向…保证；使确信assureda.有把握的；自信的；肯定的careern.职业；事业curven.曲线；弧线decenta.1可接受的；相当好的；像样的；2正派的；规矩的boastv.夸口；夸耀；吹嘘bondn.纽带；联系；关系vi.（与某人）培养一种特殊的关系blossomvi.发展；成长；繁盛；兴旺n.（树或灌木的）花，花簇decaden.十年；十年期genuinea.1真诚的；诚挚的；2真正的；非伪造的instinctn.本能；直觉；天性confidenta.1有信心的；自信的；2确信的；有把握的securea.1自信的；有把握的；2安全的stereotypen.模式化的思想；旧框框comprehendv.理解；领悟cultivatevt.1培养；养成；2耕；耕作；开垦rangen.一系列innocencen.1涉世不深；天真；单纯；2清白；无罪curiosity n.好奇心amountn.数额；数量flexibilityn.1灵活性；2弹性；柔韧性approachvt.处理；对付v.接近；靠近n.方式；方法enthusiastica.热心的；热衷的enthusiasticallyad.热心地；热衷地talentn.天资；天赋；才能evolvev.1逐步发展；逐渐演变；2进化；进化形成potentialn.潜力；潜能a.可能的；潜在的bolda.果敢的；敢于冒险的；大胆的enormousa.巨大enormouslyad.非常；极其be about to do sth.正要发生某事；即将做某事go off离开；走open up（使）出现；（使）成为可能take sb./sth.seriously认真对待某人/某事sign up(for sth.)报名get to sb.使生气；使烦恼give sb.the benefit of the doubt虽有怀疑但还是相信某人；姑且相信某人reduce sb.to sth.使陷入（不利境地）as long as只要feel like(doing)sth. 想要（做）某事safe and sound安然无恙take sb./sth.away 拿走；带走；使消失be born to be/do sth.天生适合做某事sb.can’t wait某人急着/等不及（用于强调对即将发生的事感到兴奋和迫不及待）Unit 2 Acluttern.杂乱的东西awaitvt.1等待；等候；2（某事）将降临到…身上vehiclen.交通工具；车辆efficiencyn.效率；效能embarrassvt.（尤指在社交场合）使尴尬，使窘迫embarrassmentn.1让人难堪的人；使人为难的事；2尴尬；难堪；窘迫rustv.（使）生锈n.锈；铁锈bladen.刀刃；刀片tuben.1（膏状物等的）管状容器；2管子pasten.糊状物；膏vt.（用糨糊）粘贴toothpasten.牙膏polishn.上光剂；擦光剂vt.1擦亮；擦光；2修改；润色trashn.废物；垃圾dumpvt.1倾倒；把…倒空；2丢弃；扔掉match v.1（与…）属同一双；（使）成对；2（与…）相配，相称mismatcheda.不配对的purplea.紫色的n.紫色closetn.壁橱comicn.（儿童）连环漫画册a.滑稽的；好笑的fictionn.1小说；2虚构的事；想象的事romantica.1（书、剧本、电影）浪漫的，关于爱情的；2多情的；浪漫的historicala.1描写历史事件的；基于史实的；2（有关）历史的beloveda.钟爱的；挚爱的；宝贝的stuffvt.1填；塞；2填满；装满n.各种物品sackn.大口袋；粗布袋；麻袋stackv.（使）整齐地堆起；摞起n.（叠放整齐的）一叠，一堆，一摞plaguen.1蝗灾/鼠灾等；2瘟疫；疫病clumsya.1（物体）笨重的；2笨拙的；不灵活的charityn.1慈善事业；2慈善机构；慈善团体bandn.1圈；箍；带；2乐队；乐团curlv.盘绕；缠绕curlern.卷发夹strainvi.使劲拉；使劲推；绷紧vt.拉伤；扭伤；损伤n.焦虑；紧张haulvt.拖；拉donationn.1捐赠物（尤指捐款）；2捐助（尤指钱）curbn.路缘vt.控制；抑制；约束sorea.痛的；疼痛的ridiculousa.愚蠢的；荒唐的；可笑的tossvt.扔；掷；抛strip(also～off)vt.1剥去；除去；2脱去（…的）衣服craftn.（指传统的手工）工艺；手艺clipvt.1（从报纸、杂志等上）剪下；2夹住；扣住n.（电影、电视节目或新闻的）剪辑item n.（尤指清单上、一群或一组事物中的）一项，一件，一条emotionala.1情绪激动的（尤指哭泣）；2情绪（上）的；情感（上）的bugn.1热衷于某事的人；迷；2小虫子reversevt.推翻，彻底改变（决定、判决、过程等）n.相反情况；正相反a.相反的（顺序、局势、过程等）tokenn.象征；标志make it1获得成功2（尤指在困难情况下）准时到达，赶上free of/from无…的；摆脱了…的catch oneself doing sth.突然意识到自己在做某事throw away扔掉；丢弃after all1终究；最终还是2毕竟reverse oneself（争论中）改变主意/立场straighten up1把…弄整洁2直起身keep back1抑制，控制（感情）2隐瞒某事with open arms热烈地；欣然Unit 2 Blimpa.软的；不强壮的vi.（因一腿受伤而）跛行，一瘸一拐地走surge vi.1迅速涌动；蜂拥向前；2突然上涨；激增n.1（情感的）突发；涌现；2（数量的）急剧增加breezen.微风；和风shivervi.（因寒冷或害怕而）颤抖，哆嗦，发抖complainv.抱怨；不满；发牢骚chilln.寒冷；寒气chillya.寒冷的；冷得难受的stridevi.迈大步走；大踏步走n.1大步；阔步；2进步；进展；发展meltv.（使）融化；（使）熔化vi.逐渐消失meltinga.融化的；熔化的；溶解的shedn.工棚；厂房；库房immensea.巨大的fatiguen.疲劳；疲乏；劳累aboardprep.在（船，飞机，火车）上；上（船，飞机，火车）hutn.（简陋的）小屋，棚屋，茅舍barreln.（中间鼓起的）桶shelln.（蜗牛或螃蟹等的）壳；贝壳shellfishn.水生有壳动物；水生贝类动物bundlen.捆；把；扎；束eeln.鳗；鳝portionn.（数量或总数的）一部分，一份migratevi.1（鸟或动物）迁徙；2（尤指为找工作）移居，迁移migrationn.1（鸟或动物的）迁徙；2移居;迁移wrapvt.（用纸、布等）包，裹（某物）unwrapvt.拆开，打开（包装）suspiciousa.1感到怀疑的；认为有问题的；2怀疑的；猜疑的；3可疑的；引起怀疑的suspiciouslyad.1感到怀疑地；不信任地；2怀疑地；猜疑地pinchn.一小撮vt.捏；掐；夹vanishvi.突然不见;消失slopen.斜面；斜坡crackern.薄脆饼干peakn.1山顶；山峰；2高峰；顶点stretchv.1（使）延续；（使）延伸；2（使）变大；（使）变松；拉长；3伸开，伸展（肢体）overtake(overtook,overtaken)v.追上；赶上；超过vt.超越；超过anticipatevt.预期；预料reluctancen.勉强；不情愿stoopvi.俯身；弯腰restraintn.1安全装置；安全带；2抑制；克制；控制；3管制措施；限制；控制scrapev.（使）摩擦，擦伤；刮坏vt.（用小刀等）刮除delicatea.1易坏的；易碎的；脆弱的；2微妙的；需要谨慎处理的；3精巧的；精致的；精美的gripvt.紧握；紧抓graduala.逐渐的；逐步的graduallyad.逐渐地；逐步地swayvi.摇摆；摆动；摇晃accompanyvt.陪伴；陪同pureeda.捣压成酱（泥，糊）的tunan.(pl.tuna)金枪鱼awkwarda.1笨拙的；不灵巧的；2令人尴尬的；使人难堪的sipn.一小口v.小口地喝；抿；呷champagnen.（法国）香槟酒slow down（使）慢下来；（使）减速make sense1有意义；表述清晰；易于理解2明智；合乎情理at least 1至少；起码2至少（指尽管没有更好的情况）lay sth.out铺开；展开hang up1挂起（衣服）2挂断电话be supposed to do sth.应该做某事not that…but(that)…不是…而是…once in a while偶尔；有时；间或the small of one’s back后腰not care for sb./sth.不喜欢某人/某物Virginia弗吉尼亚州（美国州名）Chicago芝加哥（美国伊利诺伊州最大城市）the Sargasso Sea（北大西洋的）马尾藻海the Mediterranean地中海Mount Fuji富士山（位于日本本州中南部）the Potomac波托马克河（美国东部河流）Swiss Army Knife瑞士军刀UNIT 3 Acampusn.（大学或学院的）校园transformvt.使改观；使变形；使转化fleetn.车队；机群；船队typicala.典型的；有代表性的access n.享用权；享用机会accessiblea.易得到的；易使用的responsen.1回答；答复；2反应；响应engineeringn.工程（设计）dialectn.方言；地方话；土语analyzevt.分析；剖析scriptn.（戏剧、电影、电视节目、演讲等的）剧本，手稿devicen.1设备；仪器；装置；2（使做某事更容易一些的）特殊方法，手段sophisticateda.1见多识广的；老练的；有鉴赏力的；2复杂的；精密的；尖端的undergraduaten.（在读的）大学（本科）生adoptvt.1采用；采纳；采取；2收养；领养indispensablea.不可缺少的；必不可少的outlinen.1纲要；梗概；要点；2外形；轮廓regulatevt.1控制；管理；2调整；校准；调节bubblen.1泡状物；2（液体中的）气泡，泡沫budgetn.预算estimatevt.估计；估算estimateda.据估计的assignmentn.1作业；2任务highwayn.公路inferiora.差的；次的inferiorityn.低人一等；下级；次等complexn.情结；夸大的情绪反应a.复杂的；难以理解的compensatevi.补偿；弥补v.赔偿lease vt.租用；租借n.（房子、汽车等的）租约，租契focusn.焦点；重点v.（把…）集中（于）competitivea.1竞争的；竞争性的；2竞争性强的；有竞争力的peern.同龄人；社会地位相同的人pitchn.1（活动或情感的）程度，强度，高度；2场地portablea.手提式的；便携式的；轻便的moden.1（机器、设备的）运行方式，状态，模式；2方式；方法；做法loanvt.1把（贵重物品）出借给（某人）；2借给（尤指钱）n.（银行等的）贷款loanern.借用物meantimead.在此期间；与此同时amazinga.惊人的；了不起的solvevt.解决（问题）solvern.解决问题的人intelligenta.有智慧的；悟性高的；聪明的less than interesting/honest/helpful,etc. 一点也没有意思/一点也不诚实/一点也没有帮助等add to sth.增加；增添visit with sb.叙谈；闲谈take the lead1树立榜样；带头2（赛跑或竞赛中）开始领先account for1（在数量或比例上）占，占据2是…的原因；引起；导致3解释；说明fire off1匆忙发出（讯息或指示）2开（枪）；开（炮）keep up with1跟上；保持同步2和（朋友）保持联系3不断获知（某事的情况）at a disadvantage处于不利地位的stand out1出色2显眼；突出set up建立；设立；创立in large part多半；在很大程度上；在大多数地方UNIT 3 Baddictn.1对…着迷的人；2吸毒上瘾的人addictionn.1入迷；嗜好；2（毒）瘾positivea.1好的；积极的；2肯定的；确定的enablevt.使可能；使发生median.新闻媒体；传媒；大众传播媒介（总称）outletn.1电视台；电台；出版公司；2（强烈感情的）发泄途径，发泄方法alternativea.1非传统的；另类的；2供替代的；供选择的n.供替代的选择；供选择的东西sourcen.来源；出处practicallyad.1差不多；几乎；2实用地；讲究实际地；实际可行地negativea.1负面的；有害的；不良的；2不赞成的；反对的；3消极的aspectn.方面epidemicn.1（坏事的突然）盛行，泛滥；2（疾病的）传播，流行neglectn.疏忽vt.疏忽；玩忽；漏做infantn.婴儿；幼儿impactv.对…有作用或影响n.作用；影响involveda.1受影响的；牵涉在内的；卷入…的；2参与的agonyn.1痛苦；煎熬；伤心；2剧痛riskn.危险（性）；风险vt.使冒毁坏（或破坏、失去贵重物品）的危险concernvt.1使担心；使忧虑；2涉及，关系到（某一主题）n.忧虑；担心；关切concerneda.1焦急的；担忧的；2（与某事）有关的，有牵连的disciplinen.1训练；管教；2自制力；3（尤指大学的）专业，科目structuren.1条理性；2结构；构造；条理plungevi.1（价格、比率等）暴跌，骤降；2迅速落下；跌落declinevi.减少；变糟；衰退v.谢绝；（礼貌地）拒绝n.（数量的）减少；（质量的）下降ceasev.停止；终止；结束imaginarya.想象的；虚构的attributev.(～sth.to sb./sth.)把…归因于personalityn.个性；性格interactionn.1交流；2相互作用；相互影响blogn.网络日志；博客releasen.1（化学物等的）释放；2释放；放出vt.1释放，排放（物质）；2释放；放出endorphinn.内啡肽（一种体内生成的化学物质，能止痛并让人更高兴）essentiala.1极其重要的；必不可少的；2最基本的；本质的sustainvt.保持；维持；使持续sustaineda.持续的；持久的arousevt.引起；激起；唤起feedbackn.反馈意见interactvi.1交流；交往；互相来往；2相互作用；相互影响gamblev.打赌；赌博n.赌博；投机；冒险gamblern.赌徒levern.控制杆；操纵杆rationala.1基于理性的；合理的；2有理性的；理智的spoilvt.1毁掉；糟蹋；破坏；2宠坏；惯坏；溺爱moderatea.中等的；适中的；适度的moderationn.节制；克制multiplea.包括/涉及多个人/物/事件等的；多的；多种的schedulevt.把…安排在；排定n.日程表；计划表；活动安排a wealth of sth.丰富的某物make use of sth.利用某物；使用某物give rise to sth.引起；导致charge sb.with(doing)sth.指控；控告；起诉keep sb.from(doing)sth.不让某人做某事care for照顾；照看tell of描述；叙述as well（除…外）还at risk处境危险；受到威胁nothing but仅仅；只有；不过UNIT 4 Aeran.时代；年代victimn.受害者；牺牲者survivorn.1悲剧性事件；惨剧；惨案；2悲剧（作品）tragedyn.悲剧性事件；惨剧；惨案subsequenta.随后的；继⋯之后的associaten.同事；（生意）伙伴vt.联想；联系congressn.国会；议会congresswomann.国会女议员（尤指美国众议员）tendera.温柔的；体贴入微的；慈爱的sympathyn.同情；同情心shieldvt.保护；保卫n.盾；盾牌hailn.1一阵弹雨/像雹子般袭来的石块等；2雹；冰雹vt.把…称赞为；把…誉为bullet枪弹；子弹；弹头priestn.（基督教的）牧师，神父remarkablea.非凡的；不寻常的；显著的humanityn.1人；人类（总称）；2仁慈；博爱；同情心；3人文学科civiliana.平民的；百姓的；民用的；非军职的n.平民；老百姓grace n.1善意；礼貌；体谅；2优美；优雅circumstancen.情况；情形respondvi.作出反应；回应respondern.回应者；应答者widown.寡妇；遗孀solemna.严肃的；郑重的；庄严的solemnlyad.严肃地；郑重地；庄严地sergeantn.警佐；巡佐commitmentn.1投入；忠诚；奉献；2承诺automobilen.(AmE)汽车distincta.1确实的；显著的；2有区别的；不同的；单独的；3清晰的；清楚的；明显的militarya.军用的；军事的；军队的personneln.（公司、组织或军队中的）人员；员工;职员jailn.监狱；看守所confinevt.1监禁；禁闭；2使局限于solitarya.1单独的；无伴的；2单个的；唯一的chambern.1（有某种用途的）室；2大厅；（尤指）会议厅establishvt.1建立（关系或联系）；2建立；创立；设立harmonyn.融洽相处reconcilevt.调和；调解v.（使）和解；（使）恢复友好关系conflictvi.矛盾；冲突；抵触n.（意见等的）抵触，冲突，矛盾conflicteda.（尤指情感）冲突的，矛盾的advocaten.提倡者；拥护者；鼓吹者vt.主张；拥护；鼓吹griefn.（尤指因所爱之人去世而产生的）悲痛，极度悲伤ragen.盛怒；狂怒v.发怒；怒斥vi.（战斗、争论）激烈进行；（暴风雨）肆虐associationn.1协会社团；2关系；关联；交往legislationn.法规；法律authorityn.1权力；当权；2专家；权威；3官方机构；政府部门intensea.剧烈的；强烈的involvevt.1涉及；影响；2包含；需要；3鼓励…参与；允许…参加fulfill(BrE fulfil)vt.1履行；执行；符合；2实现；达到fulfillmentn.1履行；实现；达到；2满足感；成就感give one’s life捐躯；牺牲ring out发出响亮的声音shield sb./sth.from sb./sth.使…免受with(good/a good)grace有风度地；情愿地be/get caught up in sth.被卷入；陷入in the words of sb./in sb.’s words用某人的话来说reserve sth.for sb./sth.保留；预留relate to sth./sb.理解；认同make sense of sth.理解，弄懂某事（尤指困难或复杂的事）sum up概括；总结；概述in need在困难时；在贫困之中count on依靠；指望call on呼吁；号召UNIT 4 Baspirationn.强烈愿望；志向；抱负barelyad.1勉强才能；2几乎不lanen.1车道；2（乡间的）小路terrorn.恐惧；惊恐awful a.糟糕的；恶劣的；讨厌的abolishvt.废止；废除；取消imagen.印象；概念slipperya.滑的；湿滑的concreten.混凝土a.具体的primitivea.1（设计）简单的；2原始的crystaln.水晶reflectv.反射（光）vt.1映射；反射；2显示；反映leann.1倚；靠；2屈身；倾斜ignorevt.1忽略；忽视；不顾；2装作没有注意到；无视patroln.1巡逻队；巡查队；巡逻车队；2巡逻；巡查v.巡逻；巡查slamvt.1猛放；用力移；猛击；2使劲关；把…砰地关上haltn.停止；暂停yellv.（尤因恐惧、愤怒或激动而）叫喊，大嚷大叫n.叫喊backupn.1后备人员；支援人员；备用设备；2备份swellv.（数量）逐渐增加；（使）增多，增大vi.肿；肿胀monstern.妖怪；怪兽；怪物roarvi.吼叫；呼啸n.吼叫声；咆哮声limbn.1大树枝；2肢；手臂；腿currentn.（河、湖或海的）水流，潮流a.现时的；当前的；现行的submergevt.使浸没；淹没heavev.（用力）推，拉，提，举vi.强烈起伏lordn.1主（祷告时对上帝或耶稣的称呼）；2（英国的）（男性）贵族lowera.较低的；较下的v.减少；降低collapsevi.1（因病或虚弱）突然倒下，昏倒；2倒塌；坍塌badgen.徽章；证章；徽牌identifyvt.1是…的标志；显示出；2辨认，确认（某人）；3确认，识别（某物）betrayvt.1流露（想掩饰的情感）；2背叛（信任你的人）；对…不忠；出卖crackv.（使）裂开；（使）破裂n.裂缝；缝隙moanv.1呻吟；呜咽；2抱怨grabvt.攫取；抓住slendera.修长的；苗条的；纤细的streakvi.快速移动stiffa.（肌肉）疼痛的，僵硬的，不灵活的healv.1（在精神或感情上）（使）复原；（使）坚强起来；2（使）康复，复原acutea.1严重的；2灵敏的；敏锐的nightmaren.噩梦；梦魇live in terror of sb./sth.一直很害怕某人/某物a string of一连串，一系列（事件等）turn off不再听；不再想lean on依靠；依赖beat sb.to it抢在某人之前做pull over（使）（车辆或司机）停靠在路边slip off/down滑落；脱落bring sth.to a halt使停止；使停住；使暂停cut through（在水中或空中）轻松地通过fill up with（使）充满；（使）装满identify sb.as sb.表明…的身份catch up with追上；赶上break through(sth.)冲破；突破hold on紧紧抓住；紧紧抱住let go(of sb./sth.)放手；松开be grateful for对…表示感激UNIT 5 Amarathonn.马拉松（长跑）annuala.一年一度的；每年的routen.1路线；2途径；方法harsha.1严厉的；残酷的；苛刻的；2恶劣的；艰苦的；严峻的endurancen.（忍）耐力regardlessad.(～of)不管；不顾superprefix过于；超a.极好的；了不起的contractn.契约；合同；合约v.（使）签订合同；（使）立约prominenta.重要的；知名的；显赫的sponsorn.赞助者；赞助商vt.赞助；资助financevt.为…提供资金n.1财政；金融；2（机构或个人的）财务情况furnishvt.1供；供应；2为（房屋或房间）配备家具substantiala.1大量的；多的；2物质的；材料的mechanismn.1机构；结构；机制；体制；2机械装置；机件；工作部件contestn.比赛；竞赛vt.竞争；争夺；角逐distinctionn.1优秀；卓越；杰出；2差别；不同amateura.业余爱好者的n.业余爱好者odda.奇特的；古怪的；异常的invisiblea.看不见的assemblev.聚集；集合；收集vt.组装；装配assembleda.聚集在一起的assertvt.（坚决）主张；断言reactvi.（作出）反应apparenta.显而易见的；明白的publicityn.（报纸、电视等对某人或某物的）关注，报道crushn.拥挤的人群vt.压碎；压坏；压扁gearn.1服装；用具；装备；2排挡；挡位stylen.（个人的）行为方式，风格，作风shufflevi.拖着脚步走commentatorn.实况解说员；实况播音员alikead.两样都（用于强调刚提及的两者）a.相同的；相像的welfaren.1幸福；康乐；安康；2（政府或组织的）福利救济insanea.1愚蠢的；疯狂的；2精神错乱的；精神病的smashvt.打破纪录v.1打碎；砸碎（使）粉碎；2（使）猛撞，猛击，猛掷awardvt.给予；授予n.奖；奖赏；奖金；奖品prominencen.重要；著名despiteprep.尽管；虽然dimv.1（使）减弱；（使）变渺茫；2（使）暗下来；（使）变微弱a.阴暗的；昏暗的stroke n.中风vt.轻抚；轻摸legendn.1传奇人物；2传说；传奇（故事）magnificenta.宏伟的；壮观的；华丽的brillianta.1极好的；2明亮的；光辉夺目的；灿烂的individualn.个人；个体a.单独的；个别的inherenta.本质的；内在的；基本的inherentlyad.本质地；内在地；基本地up to达到；至多in attendance出席（重要或官方的活动）might(just)as well不妨；还不如；倒不如at a time每组；每次；一次leave sb./sth.behind1把…抛在后面2不带；忘记拿走；留下out loud大声地fall ill生病have no intention of doing sth.不打算做某事；无意做某事endear sb.to sb.使受欢迎；使被喜爱give away1分送，送掉（不需要的东西）2使露马脚；暴露pass away去世to this day直到现在；至今UNIT 5 Bmoldvt.塑造，影响（某人）n.模具；铸模criticala.1非常重要的；关键的；2批判的；爱挑剔的；吹毛求疵的underlinevt.1强调；使突出；2在…之下画线（以示重要）humblea.谦虚的；谦卑的；2（社会阶层或地位）卑微的，低下的generousa.1宽宏大量的；2慷慨的；大方的emphasizevt.强调；着重mutuala.1共有的；共同的；2相互的；彼此的obligationn.义务；职责；责任gracefula.1有风度的；得体的；2优美的；优雅的；雅致的youngstern.孩童；年轻人neverthelessad.然而；不过；尽管如此abstracta.纯理论上的；纯概念的；抽象的n.摘要；梗概conceptn.概念；观念；想法strategyn.行动计划；计谋；策略cooperationn.合作；协作cruciala.至关重要的；关键性的overcomevt.控制（感情）；克服（困难）fundamentala.1根本的；基本的；基础的；2必不可少的；十分重要的outcomen.结果；结局；后果ambitionn.1追求；夙愿；2抱负；雄心；野心participationn.参加；参与hazardn.危险；隐患psychologyn.心理学psychologistn.心理学家considerablea.相当大的intensityn.强烈；剧烈psychologicala.精神的；心理的emphasisn.重点；重要性exclusivea.专用的；独有的；独享的exclusivelyad.仅仅；单独地；专门地outlookn.1（对生活和世界的）看法，观点，态度；2前景；远景demandinga.1（人）要求严格的；苛求的；要求过高的；2要求高的；需要技能的；费力的excessivea.过度的；过多的drainvt.1使筋疲力尽；2使流走；使排出draininga.使人筋疲力尽的consequencen.后果raten.1（某事发生的）速率，速度；2比率；率accomplishvt.完成；实现accomplishmentn. 1 成就；成绩；2 完成；实现 adaptv. （使）适应；（使）适合 vt. 改造；改装 definevt. 1 使明确；规定；说明；2 给…下定义；解释 redefinevt. 重新界定；重新定义 traitn. 某人性格中的）特性，品质 extremea. 1 极大的；极度的；2 极端的；偏激的；过分的n. 极端（尤用于谈论两个相反的事物） extremelyad. 极度；极其 pavevt. 铺；铺砌；铺筑 the here and nowearly on在初期；开始不久 free ride白白得到的好处blame sb. for sth. 责怪；指责；把…归咎于 place emphasis on sth. 重视cancel out 抵消on the surface表面上；从外表看；乍一看 in shape 健康状况良好 deal with sth. 处理；应付the way of the world大多数人的行为方式；世道；事情 pave the way for sth.为某事物铺平道路；为某事物创造条件numerousa. 许多的；很多的 reliablea. 可信赖的；可靠的 contrastvt. 使成对比；使成对照 vi. 形成对比 n. 差异；差别 indicatevt. 1 表明；显示；2 表明（意向等） indicatorn. 指示物；指示者 decreasev. （使）变小；（使）减少 n. 减少；减少的量 assessvt. 1 评价；评定；2 估价；估计 alterv. （使）变化；（使）改变staken. 1 赌注；风险；2 （赛马、牌局等的）赌注，押金；3 股份 academic a. 学术的 underminevt. 逐渐削弱；逐渐损害 significanta. 1 相当数量的；显著的；2 重要的；意义重大的 significantlyad. 重大地；显著地 interferevi. 介入；干涉；干预 overallad. 1 一般地；总体上；2 全部地；总共a. 包括一切的；全部的 proofn. 证明；证据approximatelyad.大致；近似seeminglyad.1看样子；看来；2看上去；表面上；外观上consistenta.1稳定发展的；持续不变的；2（行为、态度、标准等）一贯的，一致的tolln.1严重的不良影响；2伤亡人数givenprep.考虑到；鉴于a.指定的；特定的indicationn.象征；迹象；标示compromisevt.危及；损害vi.折中解决；让步n.妥协；和解whereasconj.但是；却；尽管marginala.1勉强够格的；最低限度的；2小的；微不足道的；不重要的commitvt.1投入（钱、时间、人力等）；2犯（错误或罪行）committeda.坚定的；尽心尽力的withdrawv.退出；不参加vt.（从银行）提取strikinga.引人注目的；显著的；吸引人的generatevt.1产生；创造；2产生（热、电等能量）anewad.再；重新permanenta.长久的；永久的；永恒的owing toprep.因为；由于erode v.1（逐步）削弱，损害；2侵蚀；腐蚀characteristica.典型的；独特的n.特征；特性；特色intensivea.加强的；密集的recreationn.娱乐；消遣surplusa.过剩的；剩余的；多余的n.剩余；过剩；剩余额；多余的量accustomeda.习惯于做某事depressvt.1降低；减少；2使沮丧；使忧愁；使抑郁conventionn.习俗；惯例；常规controversiala.引起争论的；有争议的conventionala.常例的；因袭的；传统的formativea.个性形成时期/阶段等abandonvt.1放弃（信念、信仰或看法）；2抛弃；遗弃appealinga.有吸引力的；有趣的mythn.1（许多人相信的）错误观念，荒诞说法；2（古代的）神话resolvevt.1下决心，决意（做某事)；2解决（问题、困难）n.决心；决意interfere with妨碍；阻止cut class逃课on the other hand另一方面…；从一方面来说…，从另一方面来说…take a/its toll on对产生不良影响at risk(of)处境危险；受到威胁to begin with起初；开始的时候in other words换言之；换句话说cut back on1削减；缩减；2（尤指为了健康而）少吃，少喝，减少cut corners（为节省时间或金钱而）草草行事，偷工减料bit by bit逐渐地；一点一点地burn the midnight oil挑灯夜战；开夜车drop out1退学；辍学；2退出；脱离in turn1相应地；2轮流地；依次地contribute to促成，造成（某事发生）hold on to继续感到；仍然相信UNIT 6 Bsoarvi.1猛增；骤升；2急速升高franka.坦率的；坦诚的；直言不讳的vigorousa.1体力旺盛的；热情满怀的；强有力的；坚决的；2强壮的；积极的；健壮的absorbvt.1经受；承受；2吸收；3吸引某人；使专心tuitionn.学费tremendousa.巨大的；极快的；强有力的relevanta.有关的；切题的spiten.虽然；不顾；尽管…（仍…）obstaclen.障碍；阻碍；妨碍collectivea.集体的；共同的；共有的collectivelyad.集体地；共同地claimvt.声称；断言；主张n.声称；断言；主张endure vt.忍耐；忍受bulgevi.鼓起；胀出n.凸起；鼓起部分tutorn.1家庭教师；私人教师；2（学院或大学里的）导师，助教startlevt.使（某人）吃惊；吓（某人）一跳startleda.受到惊吓的；吓了一跳的；吃惊的necessityn.1必需品；2必要；必要性luxuryn.1奢侈品；2奢华；奢侈glimpsen.一瞥；飞快的一看priortitzev.确定优先次序；分清主次awarea.意识到的；知道的influentiala.有影响力的illustratevt.1（作为例证）说明（事实）；2（用图片、图表、一连串数字等）说明，阐明citevt.1引证；援引；2引用；引述dropoutn.辍学者；退学者evidencen.证据；证明exhaustvt.1用完；耗尽；2使筋疲力尽abusen.滥用vt.1虐待；凌辱；2滥用；妄用authentica.1可靠的；真实的；2正宗的；原汁原味的stressn.压力；忧虑；紧张vt.强调；着重tentionn.紧张；焦虑；焦急relievevt.1减轻，缓和，缓解（问题的难度或严重性）；2减轻，缓和，缓解（疼痛或不快的感觉）burdenn.重担；负担convincevt.使确信；使信服convinceda.确信的；信服的ensurevt.确保；保证responsiblea.1负责的；2有责任心的；可靠的；可信赖的formala.1(教育或培训）正规的；2官方的；正式的advanceda.1高级的；高等的；2先进的singulara.1奇异的；异常的；2单数的；单数形式的financiala.财政的；金融的；财务的furthermoread.此外；而且；不仅如此readilyad.1乐意地；爽快地；2快速地；便利地concedev.（不得不）承认maturevi.1变理智；（举止）变成熟；2成熟；长成 a.成熟的；理智的；明白事理的be in the/a minority占少数as for关于；至于a matter of(doing)sth.关乎…的事情look back回忆起；回顾feel sorry for oneself自我怜悯be envious of妒忌的；羡慕的catch/get/have a glimpse of一瞥；飞快地一看relieve sb.of sth.解除某人的负担UNIT 7 Afraudn.欺诈；诈骗corruptionn.（尤指有权势者的）贪污，贿赂，受贿，腐败expelvt.强迫（某人）离开；驱逐；开除purchasen.购买（的东西）vt.购买layern.1（组织或体系中的）层，级别，阶层；2表层；层exemplifyvt.1作为…的范例；当作…的典型；2举例说明consumer。

ቤተ መጻሕፍቲ ባይዱ
3.since more students are now taking job-oriented courses,libraries,where students of liberal arts used to study,are getting less popular than before;in contrast,labs are getting more eye-catching because students of science and engineering do experiments and research there.
5.Studying the humanities improves your ability to read and write,makes you familiar with the language of emotion and the creative process,and,more importantly,provides you with a wide scope of possibilities that are open to you.
7、The author uses“road map”and“car”to describe grammar and vocabulary.Here,“road map”is considered as grammar and“car”as vocabulary.
8、Since the subjunctive mood his son used is a fairly advanced grammar structure,the interjection“whoa!”reflects the tremendous pride the father had toward his son;it also reflects the author’s humor in using the word because it was once used by his student,though in two different situations and with two different feelings.