商务英语选读(考试复习提纲)

《商务英语阅读》期末复习提要本课程的考核采取两种形式：形成性考核和课程终结考试。

课程总成绩为百分制，形成性考核占40%，课程终结考试占60%。

形式为闭卷，笔答。

由省电大统一命题。

本次考试的题型、分值比例如下：Ⅰ. Multiple choice (20 points, 2 points for each)1. Accounting firms frequently __B__ their audit clients.A. buy management skills fromB. sell consulting services toC. provide audit assignment for2. People can buy stocks from ____B__.A. a secured marketB. securities marketsC. financial markets3. Real property is land and anything permanently attached to it. “It” here means ___C___.A. the propertyB. the owner of the landC. land4. We have a ____A____ to shared prosperity.A. commitmentB. commissionC. competition5. Businesses established in foreign countries should contribute to the social_ C__ of thosecountries.A. advancesB. advantageC. advancementⅡ. Match (10 points, 1 point for each)Section AChoose the correct word or words from the box to complete the passage:Choose the correct word or words from the box to complete the passagerejuvenating lead improvespending up persist in subordinated toIn leading the cause of socialism, the Communist Party of China must persist in taking economic development as the central task, making all other work subordinated to and serve this central task. We must lose no time in spending up economic development, implement the strategy of rejuvenating the country through science and education and that of sustainable development, give full play to the role of science and technology as the primary productive force. We must take advantage of the advancement of science and technology to improve the quality of workers and work hard to push forward the economy with good results, high quality and high speed.Section BChoose the correct word or words from the box to complete the following sentences: Internet technologies studymargin discount profit6. Marketing is about meeting consumer needs at a __profit_____.7. Economics is the study of how wealth is created and distributed.8. E-business is about transforming business processes and integrating them with Internet technologies9. Selling something at a reduced price is called giving a discount.10. The difference between costs and selling prices is the _ margin ________.Ⅲ. Reading comprehension (45 points, 3 points)Manners and CustomsChanges occurring in manners and customs must be carefully monitored, especially in cases that seem to indicate a narrowing of cultural differences among peoples. Phenomena such as McDonal d’s and Coke Cola have met with success around the world, but this does not mean that the world is becoming westernized. Modernization and westernization are not at all the same, as can be seen in Saudi Arabia, for example.Understanding manners and customs is especially important in negotiations, because interpretations based on one’s own frame reference may lead to a totally incorrect conclusion. Universal respect is needed in cross-cultural negotiation. To negotiate effectively abroad, all types of communication should be read correctly. Americans often interpret inaction and silence as negative signs. As a result, Japanese executives tend to expect that their silence can get Americans to lower prices or sweeten a deal. Even a simple agreement may take days to negotiate in the Middle East because the Arab party may want to talk about unrelated issue or do something else for a while. The aggressive style of Russian negotiators and their usual last-minute change requests may cause astonishment and concern on the part of ill-prepared negotiators.（t ）1. Different manners and customs should be paid attention to when doing international business.（f ）2. The success of McDonald’s and Coke means the world has been westernized.（t ）3. Americans consider doing nothing and keeping silent as the sign of disagreement.（f ）4. Japanese executives tend to expect that their silence can get Americans to lower process or sweeten a deal. “Sweeten a deal” always means to pay more money for the deal.（f ）5. Arab businessmen tend to concentrate on business during the process of negotiation.Ⅳ. Translate the following words into English (10 points, 1 point for each)1. 业绩评估performance evaluation2. 营销策略marketing strategy3. 明示担保express warranty4. 贸易差额balance of trade5. 组织文化organizational cultureV. Translate the following passage into Chinese (15 points)China’s membership in the World Trade Organization creates the potential for impressive gains in economic efficiency. Indeed the gains are likely to be greater than those predicted in most published quantitative estimates, since those studies do not capture fully the likely effect of more foreign competition on domestic firms. No doubt many jobs will be lost in a few sectors. But prospects for generating employment are bountiful as China benefits from the phase-out of arrangements restricting world trade in apparel, and as Taiwan, Mexico, the EU, and other marketsphase out and eliminate the WTO-inconsistent trade barriers they have maintained against a broad array of Chinese goods.。

《商务英语阅读》期末考试复习资料一、词汇翻译题（课内词汇+课外高频商务词汇）1.entrepreneur 企业家2.specification 规格详述3.human resources 人力资源4.institution 机构5.orientation 方向，导向，新员工入职培训6.decline 消减，衰亡7.bonus 奖金unch 推出，投放市场munity 社区，共同体10.necessities （生活）必需品11.stock 股票12.liquidity 流动性，变现性13.risk 风险14.potential 潜在的15.act of God 不可抗力y off 使……下岗17.listed company 上市公司18.log on 登入、连接（上网）19.absolute interest 绝对产权20.keyboard skills 打字技能21.human resources 人力资源22.account for 解释某事物的原因，占……比例23.executive 高级管理人员，执行总裁24.logo 企业或公司等专用的标记、标识25.administration 管理26.budget 预算27.feasible 可行的28.industry 产业，行业29.ingredient 成分，要素30.securities 证券mission 佣金32.dividend 股息，红利33.mature 到期，成熟34.accounts receivable 应收账款35.job description 岗位描述36.letter of intent 意向书37.living wage 基本生活工资38.bar code 条形码39.acid test 决定性的考验40.executive 高管，主管41.administrative expenses 行政管理费用42.jet lag 飞机时差反应43.customized 用户化的，按客户要求定制的44.keep-fit market 保健市场45.lecture theatre 梯形教室，梯形报告厅46.local adaptation 本土化47.balance sheet 资产负债表48.benefits package 福利套餐,整体福利49.bill of lading 提单、提货单50.access fee 使用费二、单项选择题（课内）1.Factors of production refer to _______.A.natural resources and capitalbor and entrepreneursC.both A and B2.The structure of a large manufacturing company and that of a small service firmshould be __________.A. the sameB. differentC. similar3. Organization charts show employees where they ______.A. start their workB. report to the bossC. fit into the company’s operation4. The basic management skills are ________.A.technical skills, human relations skills and conceptual skillsB.performing skills, marketing skills and planning skillsanizing skills, controlling skills and leading skills5. ________ programs include wages and salaries, incentives, and benefit forworkers.A. CompensationB. MarketingC. Orientation6. The firm’s ________ covers all the products it offers for sale.A. product lineB. product lifeC. product mix7. A nation’s ______ is the difference between the flow of money into and outof the nation.A.balance of tradeB.balance of paymentsC.payment of balance8. China is in the _______ regional economy.A. North AmericaB. EuropeC. Asia/Pacific9. A corporation can also obtain equity financing by selling securities directlyto current stockholders. “Equity” here means ______.A. reasonable qualityB. ordinary stocks and sharesC. principles of equality10.Most short-term financing is unsecured. “unsecured” here means _______.A.no interest chargeB.no collateral is requiredC.no bank loans11.The funds needed to operate an enterprise are referred to as _______.A.capitalB.resourcesbor12. Organization charts show employees where they ______.A. start their workB. report to the bossC. fit into the company’s operation13. The basic management skills are ________.A.technical skills, human relations skills and conceptual skillsB.performing skills, marketing skills and planning skillsanizing skills, controlling skills and leading skills14. ________ programs include wages and salaries, incentives, and benefit forworkers.A. CompensationB. MarketingC. Orientation15. The firm’s ________ covers all the products it offers for sale.A. product lineB. product lifeC. product mix16. _______ may be established based on costs, demands, the competitions’prices,or some combination of these.A. ProductsB. BrandsC. Prices17. A nation’s ______ is the difference between the flow of money into and outof the nation.A.balance of tradeB.balance of paymentsC.payment of balance18. China is in the _______ regional economy.A. North AmericaB. EuropeC. Asia/Pacific19.People can buy stocks from _____.A.securities marketsB. a secure marketC.financial markets20. High-risk investment techniques can provide greater returns, but they entailgreater risk of loss. “Entail” here means _________.A. retailB. investC. involve（答案自己在书上找）三、阅读理解题（课外）Passage 1Global Recession Hits the Developing WorldBoth the World Bank and the International Monetary Fund expect the world economy to shrink this year for the first time since World War Two. As recently as January, the I.M.F. had predicted growth of one-half percent. But this week its chief, Dominique Strauss-Kahn, said the world has entered what he called “a great recession”.A new World Bank report says the recession may hurt the developing world the most. Those countries depend on trade for economic growth. But world trade is expected to fall at the fastest rate in eighty years.East Asia has been hardest hit. In February, exports from China fell twenty-six percent from a year ago.Rich nations are expected to borrow heavily in world credit markets to finance spending at home. But investors are demanding very high returns if they are willing to lend to the developing world at all. Jeff Chelsky, a World Bank senior economist, says investors are avoiding higher risk debt in a flight to quality.The bank estimates that up to three trillion dollars of public and private loans in developing countries must be repaid this year. Some nations have enough foreign currency reserves, but others will struggle to find new financing to pay their existing debts.The World Bank estimates that developing nations will need between two hundred seventy and seven hundred billion dollars in financing. The amount depends on the depth of the recession.The I.M.F. is seeking to expand its lending ability. And World Bank President Robert Zoellick has called on rich nations to put some of their economic recovery spending into a crisis fund to help poor countries.Bank economist Jeff Chelsky says the poorest countries are in the greatest danger. They cannot borrow in credit markets and they depend on exports of commodities like crops or minerals. But falling commodity prices mean they now depend more than ever on foreign aid.Finance ministers and central bankers from major industrial and developing countries meet this weekend outside London to discuss the financial crisis. President Obama wants all countries in the Group of Twenty to coordinate their separate efforts to strengthen their economies.There was some good news this week, including better-than-expected reports on spending by Americans in January and February. And financial stocks rose after Citigroup reported a profit for those two months.And that's the VOA Special English Economics Report, written by Mario Ritter. I'm Steve Ember.1. According to the passage, the world economy will _______ for the first timethis year since the World War Two.A. developB. growC. expandD. become smaller2. _______may be hurt the most by the recession.A. the developing worldB. the developed countriesC. the rich countriesD. Asian countries3. Who are easier to borrow money in the world credit market?A. Rich nationsB. Poor countriesC. the World BankD. the International Monetary Fund4. What does the underlined “flight”mean in the fourth paragraph?A. travelB. flyingC. escapeD. movement through the air5.___________ has called on rich nations to help poor countries.A. President ObamaB. President Robert ZoellickC. Jeff ChelskyD. the International Monetary FundPassage 2A Rough Road for ToyotaToyota became the world's largest automaker in two thousand eight. But after years of building loyalty, the Japanese company may have put its quality brand name at risk, at least temporarily.Toyota is recalling millions of cars and trucks around the world because of cases where vehicles have sped up unexpectedly. Last August, a driver in California was unable to stop. The crash killed him and three of his family members.Toyota says the problem is rare and caused by accelerator pedals becoming stuck open. On January twenty-sixth, the company suspended sales of eight of its top-selling vehicles in the United States, its largest market. Toyota dealers have been receiving parts to make repairs.General Motors and Ford both reported increased sales in January. But Toyota sales in the United States have fallen, and so has its stock price. Toyota says it expects costs and lost sales from its recent safety recalls to total two billion dollars by the end of March.Louis Lataif spent twenty-seven years in the car industry at Ford. Now he is dean of the School of Management at Boston University.LOUIS LATAIF: “It’s Toyota’s biggest such recall. It’s voluntary incidentally, it’s not mandated. So, in that respect, they are doing something fairly bold, namely, taking the hit of shutting production and correcting the vehicles that are in inventory on which they have stopped sales.”A recall late last year involved floor mats that Toyota said could cause the accelerator to get stuck. One of the vehicles in the floor mat recall was the Prius, the world’s top selling hybrid.Now American officials are investigating the brake system on the twenty ten Prius. The Transportation Department says it has received more than one hundred twenty reports, including reports of four crashes.Toyota says it found a software problem that could briefly affect the “feel” of the anti-lock brakes on rough or slippery roads. It says it fixed the brake problem last month.But a growing number of legal cases claim Toyota knew for a long time about the sudden acceleration issue with other vehicles. The problem reportedly has led to more than eight hundred crashes and nineteen deaths in the past ten years. Congress is preparing for hearings.Greg Bonner is a marketing professor at Villanova University. He says to regain trust, Toyota will have to make public everything it knows about the problems and show it accepts responsibility.The recall has also intensified questions about all the computer control systems used in modern cars.6. Toyota may have put its quality brand name at risk because__________.A. vehicles have sped up unexpectedlyB. last August, a driver in California was unable to stop.C. Toyota is recalling millions of cars and trucks around the worldD. All of the above.7. Which of the following ways is not one Toyota solves its problem about accelerator pedals?A. Toyota stopped sales of eight of its top-selling vehicles in the UnitedStatesB. Toyota is recalling millions of cars and trucks around the worldC. Toyota increased salesD. Toyota dealers have been receiving parts to make repairs.8. Whose sales decreased in January?A. General MotorsB. FordC. General Motors and FordD. Toyota9. From what Louis Lataif said about Toyota, we can infer that _________.A. Toyota didn’t solve its problem positively.B. Louis Lataif didn’t think that Toyota solved its problem properly.C. Louis Lataif thought highly of Toyota’s way of solving its problem.D. Toyota couldn’t solve its problem.10. The underlined word in the last paragraph “intensify” means ________.A. increase in degreeB. decrease in degreeC. make the questions more tenseD. become more intensePassage 3Stock Sectors - How to Classify StocksOne of the ways investors classify stocks is by type of business. The idea is to put companies in similar industries together for comparison purposes. Most analysts and financial media call these groupings “sectors” and you will often read or hear about how certain sector stocks are doing.One of the most common classification breaks the market into 11 different sectors. Investors consider two of these sectors “defensive” and the remaining nine “cyclical.” Let’s look at these two categories and see what they mean for the individual investor.DefensiveDefensive stocks include utilities and consumer staples. These companies usually don’t suffer as much in a market downturn because people don’t stop using energy or eating. They provide a balance to portfolios and offer protection in a falling market.However, for all their safety, defensive stocks usually fail to climb with a rising market for the opposite reasons they provide protection in a falling market: people don’t use significantly more energy or eat more food.Defensive stocks do exactly what their name implies, assuming they are well run companies. They give you a cushion for a soft landing in a falling market.Cyclical stocksCyclical stocks, on the other hand, cover everything else and tend to react to a variety of market conditions that can send them up or down, however when one sector is going up another may be going down.Here is a list of the nine sectors considered cyclical:∙Basic Materials∙Capital Goods∙Communications∙Consumer Cyclical∙Energy∙Financial∙Health Care∙Technology∙TransportationMost of these sectors are self-explanatory. They all involve businesses you can readily identify. Investors call them cyclical because they tend to move up and down in relation to businesses cycles or other influences.Basic materials, for example, include those items used in making other goods – lumber, for instance. When the housing market is active, the stock of lumber companies will tend to rise. However, high interest rates might put a damper on home building and reduce the demand for lumber.How to UseStocks sectors are helpful sorting and comparison tools. Don’t get hung up on using just one organization’s set of sectors, though. uses slightly different sectors in its tools, which let you compare stocks within a sector.This is extremely helpful, since one of the ways to use sector information is to compare how your stock or a stock you may want to buy, is doing relative to other companies in the same sector.If all the other stocks are up 11% and your stock is down 8%, you need to find out why. Likewise, if the numbers are reversed, you need to know why your stock is doing so much better than others in the same sector –maybe its business model has changed and it shouldn’t be in that sector any longer.ConclusionYou never want to be making investment decisions in a vacuum. Using sector information, you can see how a stock is doing relative to its peers and that will help you understand whether you have a potential winner or loser.11. According to this passage, an investor should buy _____________in a falling market.A. cyclical stocksB. defensive stocksC. technology stocksD. transportation stocks12. According to this passage, an investor should buy _____________in a rising market.A. cyclical stocksB. defensive stocksC. stocks of utilitiesD. stocks of consumer staples13. ______________sectors belong to cyclical stocks.A. 11B.2C.9D.314. Utilities and consumer staples belong to _______________.A. cyclical stocksB. defensive stocksC. technology stocksD. transportation stocks15. ___________tend to move up and down in relation to businesses cycles or other influences.A. cyclical stocksB. defensive stocksC. stocks of utilitiesD. stocks of consumer staplesPassage 1America's biggest carmaker accepted fifty billion dollars in federal aid from the Obama and Bush administrations. People joked that GM meant "Government Motors." Now, General Motors could be on the road to recovery.The company recorded over two and a half billion dollars in profit in the first half of the year. The government still owns sixty-one percent of GM as a result of the bailout. Canada is also a shareholder. But now GM plans to sell stock to the public again.GM spent just forty days in bankruptcy. It sought protection from its creditors in June of last year. GM restructured. It discontinued some vehicles and closed dealerships and factories.In April, GM repaid almost seven billion dollars in government loans. Many of its creditors are waiting to see how much they get.GM plans an IPO, an initial public offering of stock, later this year. The company could raise as much as fifteen billion dollars.Chief executive Edward Whitacre is leaving September first. He wants the government to sell all of its shares in the company during the IPO. Many experts believe the Treasury will act slowly over time after the public offering is completed.If the stock price rises, the government could profit from the rescue. But the IPO is risky for the company. The offering will test the willingness of investors to take an equity share in the “new GM”.Buying equity is not like buying bonds. Bonds represent a loan. Equity represents ownership. Investors willing to buy equity shares in a company expect one thing -- growth.GM believes it can make that happen, in part with a new electric-and-gas hybrid.COMMERCIA L: “Chevy Volt, a car that can go up to forty miles before it uses any gas at all. That's an American revolution.”The Volt is expected to start arriving in showrooms later this year.GM is also looking overseas. The world's fastest growing car markets are in developing nations. GM is now selling more cars in China than in the United States. GM still leads the American market, though Toyota is now the biggest car company in the world.There are signs that America's big three may have put the worst of their recent troubles behind them.Chrysler also went through bankruptcy and says its sales are up. Italy's Fiat holds a twenty percent share.Ford Motor Company avoided bankruptcy and refused government help. Ford reported close to five billion dollars in profit for the first six months of the year.1. America’s biggest carmaker is _________________.A. ToyotaB. ChryslerC. GMD. Ford Motor Company2. GM stands for __________.A. Government MotorsB. General MotorsC. Both A and BD. Neither A Nor B3. People joked that GM meant “Government Motors” because _____________.A. The government still owns sixty-one percent of GM as a result of the bailout.B. They accepted fifty billion dollars in federal aid from the Obama and Bushadministrations.C. Both A and BD. Neither A Nor B4. Now, General Motors could be on the road to recovery. It plans ___________.A. to restructure.B. an IPO, an initial public offering of stock, later this yearC. to seek protection from its creditors.D. to discontinue some vehicles and closed dealerships and factories.5. According to the passage, what is not true about Chevy Volt?A. GM believes it will bring profit growth.B. It is a new electric-and-gas hybrid.C. It is a car that can go up to forty miles before it uses any gas at all.D. It has been produced.Passage 2The digital revolution, as exemplified by the Internet and electronic commerce, has shaken marketing practices to their core. In a recen t paper, Wharton’s Jerry Wind, director of the SEI Center for Advanced Studies in Management, and co-authorVijay Mahajan, a marketing professor at the College of Business Administration of the University of Texas at Austin, examine the impact of digital marketing on concepts like pricing, when customers can propose their own prices (), or buyers and sellers can haggle independently in auctions ().The paper provides an overview of some of the emerging realities and new rules of marketing in a digital world, and outlines what the new discipline of marketing may look like in the early part of the new century.To begin with, say the authors, the rapid-fire growth of the Internet is helping to drive changes. “It is not just our comp uters that are being reprogrammed; it is customers themselves,” says Wind. “These emerging cyber consumers are like an alien race that has landed in the midst of our markets. They have different expectations and different relationships with companies from which they purchase products and services.”For one thing, cyber consumers expect to be able to customize everything —from the products and services they buy and the information they seek, to the price they are willing to pay. And with digital technology opening new channels for gaining information, they are more knowledgeable and demanding than previous consumers. Digital customers can also sort products based on any desired attribute, price, nutritional value, or functionality, and they can easily obtain third-party endorsements and evaluations, tapping the experience of other users. “Companies that cannot meet their demands and expectations will be at a loss,” says Wind.Questions:6. The passage was most likely to be quoted from______.A.an overview of a paperB.an introduction to a bookC. a book on digital revolutionD. a paper discussing digital revolution7. The paper mentioned in this paper was written by______.A.Jerry WindB.Vijay MahajanC.Jerry Wind and Vijay MahajanD.an anonymous8. From the third paragraph, we can infer that______.A.the customers are also reprogrammed by computersB.e-business companies need be more knowledgeable about cyber consumersC.cyber consumers are a group of strange peopleD.cyber consumers came from outer space9. Compared with traditional customers, the emerging cyber consumers______.A.are more difficult to satisfyB.have less knowledge about businessC.have more problems with pricesD.are less willing to buy products and services10. What is mainly discussed in the passage? ______A.digital revolutionB.digital marketingC.cyber consumersD.the impact of digital marketing on concepts like pricingPassage 3Greece, economically, is in the black. With very little to export other than such farm products as tobacco, cotton and fruit, the country earns enough from ‘invisible earnings’ to pay for its needed, growing imports. From the sending out of things the Greeks, earn only $285 million; from tourism, shipping and the remittances of Greeks abroad, the country takes in an additional #375 million and this washes out the almost $400 million by which imports exceed exports.It has a balanced budget. Although more than one drachma out of four goes for defense, the government ended a recent year with a slight surplus -- $66 million. Greece has a decent reserve of almost a third of a billion dollars in gold and foreign exchange. It has a government not dependent on coalescing incompatible parties toobtain parliamentary majorities.In thus summarizing a few happy highlights, I don’t mean to minimize the vast extent of Greece’s problems. It is the poorest country by a wide margin in Free Europe, and poverty is widespread. At best an annual income of $60 to $70 is the lot of many a peasant, and substantial unemployment plagues the countryside, cities, and towns of Greece. There are few natural resources on which to build any substantial industrial base. Some years ago I wrote here:“Greek statesmanship will have to create an atmosphere in which home and foreign savings will willingly seek investment opportunities in the back ward economy of Greece. So far, most American and other foreign attempt have bogged down in the Greek government’s red tape and shrewdness about small points.”Great strides have been made. As far back as 1956, expanding tourism seemed a logical way to bring needed foreign currencies and additional jobs to Greece. At that time I talked with the Hilton Hotel people, who had been examining hotel possibilities, and to the Greek government division responsible for this area of the economy. They were hopelessly deadlocked in almost total differences of opinion and outlook.Today most of the incredibly varied, beautiful, historical sights of Greece have new, if in many cases modest, tourist facilities. Tourism itself has jumped from approximately $31 million to over $90 million. There is both a magnificent new Hilton Hotel in Athens and a completely modernized, greatly expanded Grande Bretagne, as well as other first-rate new hotels. And the advent of jets has made Athens as accessible as Paris or Rome –without the sky-high prices of traffic-choked streets of either.Questions:11. The title below that best expresses the ideas of this passage is_________.A. Greek income and expendituresB. The improving economic situation in GreeceC. The value of tourismD. Military expenditures12. Many peasants earn less than _________.A. $60 a weekB. $2 a weekC. $1 a dayD. $10 a month13. The Greek Government spends __________.A. more than 25%of its budget on military termsB. More than its collectsC. A third of a billion dollars in goldD. Less than 25% of its budget on military terms14. According to the passage, Greece has _________.A. a dictatorshipB. a monarchyC. a single majority partyD. too much red tape15. Greece imports annually goods and materials __________.A. totaling almost $700 millionB. that balance exportsC. that are paid by touristsD. costing $66 million四、篇章翻译题（课外）Passage A纳斯达克开设北京代表处随着各方吸引迅速增长的中国公司赴海外上市的争夺战愈演愈烈，纳斯达克(Nasdaq)昨日成为最新一个在北京开设代表处的全球证交所。

商英复习提纲1、选择题2、英汉互译3、翻译下册UNIT 1基价：base price商行：business house招标：call for tender商品目录：catalogue商务参赞：Commercial Attache经销商：dealer商务参赞处：Commercial Councillor’s Office价目单：price list数量折扣：quantity discount即期汇票：sight draft特殊订单：special order相关的信用证：the covering L/C跨国公司：transnational company畅销品：best/quick seller；quick-selling product开辟市场：establish/open/penetrate a market有销路：find a ready market；have a good market交易会：trade fair即期发货：prompt delivery发货时间：time of delivery一般询盘：general enquiry具体询盘：specific enquiry贴现行情：discount quotation享有盛誉：enjoy great popularity1）A：We’re thinking of placing an order for Chinese tea from your company.A：我方打算从你公司订购中国茶叶。

B：Which would you prefer, black or green tea?B：红茶还是绿茶？A：Both are very popular in my country. Could I have a look at your samples?A：两种茶叶在我国都很受欢迎。

能看看样品？B：Sure. This is Oolong Tea from Fujian and Longjing Tea from Xihu…B：当然可以。

[英语作文]商务英语考试复习指南Introduction:Preparing for a business English exam can be a daunting task, but with the right approach and resources, you can excel in your test. This review guide aims to provide you with a structured plan to enhance your language skills and achieve success on your upcoming exam.1. Understand the Exam Format:- Research the specific exam you're taking (e.g., BEC, TOEIC).- Familiarize yourself with the types of questions, sections, and time limits.2. Assess Your Current Level:- Take a practice test to identify your strengths and weaknesses.- Use the results to focus your study plan on areas that need improvement.3. Build Your Vocabulary:- Create a glossary of business-specific terms and phrases.- Practice using these terms in context through reading and listening exercises.4. Improve Your Reading Skills:- Read business articles, reports, and emails to become familiar with business language and formats.- Practice skimming and scanning techniques to efficiently locate information.5. Enhance Your Listening Abilities:- Listen to business podcasts, lectures, and news broadcasts.- Take notes while listening to improve comprehension and retention.6. Refine Your Writing Techniques:- Practice writing business letters, emails, and reports.- Focus on clarity, coherence, and the appropriate use of business English conventions.7. Develop Your Speaking Confidence:- Engage in role-playing activities to simulate business scenarios.- Record yourself speaking to identify areas for improvement.8. Utilize Online Resources:- Enroll in online courses or visit websites offering businessEnglish materials.- Join forums or social media groups to practice with other learners.9. Take Regular Practice Tests:- Mimic exam conditions to build test-taking endurance and accuracy.- Review your mistakes to avoid repeating them in the actual exam.10. Stay Informed About Business World Events:- Keep up with current events that may influence the content of the exam.- Discuss these topics to enhance your ability to express opinions confidently.Conclusion:A successful Business English exam preparation requires a blend of targeted study, consistent practice, and exposure to real-world business contexts. By following this review guide, you can systematically improve your skills and approach the exam with confidence. Remember to maintain a positive attitude and stay disciplined in your study routine. With dedication, you'll be well-equipped to handle the challenges of your business Englishexam and thrive in your professional endeavors.。

《国际商务英语报刊选读》复习提纲《国际商务英语报刊选读》复习提纲一、词汇词组（英翻中）job title 职别personnel manager 人事主管packaging 包装marketing director销售主管publicity controller 宣传主管managing director 常务董事layout 布局，安排，版面设计house style 印刷风格，独特风格，排字风格letterhead 信头logo 专用标记，标记，商标records for the files 文件记录trade exhibition 商品交易展览会company stand 公司展位delivery date 交货日期printed matter 印刷品relative merits 优缺点head office 总公司board 董事会health and safety provisions 健康与安全规定Bill of Lading 提货单Sea Waybill 海运单Air Waybill 空运单Shipping Note / Shipment Advice 装船通知单Dangerous Goods Note 危险物品通知单Certificate of Insurance 保险证明order book 订货簿shipping date 船期，装船日期money-back warranty 退款保证Samples of Merchandise 货物样品public relation 公共关系in good shape 完整无损，处于良好状态，健康情况良好sole supplier 唯一供给者tradejournal 行业杂志yellow page 电话黄页confirmed irrevocable letter of credit 不可撤销的保兑的信用证import license 进口许可证special introductory price 新产品特价bill of exchange 汇票house bills 公司汇票inventory position (BR. stock position)库存水平interest charges 利息费用bad debt 呆账（收不回的账）debt collection agency 债务托收代理trade & bank reference 银行征信（银行提供有关商号信誉等情况）pay-back date 付费日期business card 名片二、请根据给出的汉语词义写出对应的英语词。

商务英语阅读考试复习重点第⼀单元财经⼀、学习⽬的与要求通过本单元学习，认知商贸英语⽂章的内在逻辑关系，帮助学⽣提⾼阅读理解的能⼒，了解国际财经概况。

⼆、考核知识点与考核⽬标（⼀）课内训练（重点）识记：1. When Banker’s Bets Go Bad银⾏家的猜测落空名词解释：OCC: Office of the Comptroller of the Currency 通货监理局Alan Greenspan 艾伦·格林斯潘，美联储主席句⼦翻译：1)The bank had doubled profits in the past year via a string of successful mergers, but on Apr. 21 it reported that its securities portfolio had unrealized losses of nearly $131 million.2)We’re considering strategies that make the most sense if rates are going up much more aggressively and sooner than anticipated.2. Creating Government Financing Programs for Small and Medium-sized Enterprises in China中国为中⼩型企业提供政府财政援助项⽬名词解释：Labor-intensive 劳动密集型SME: small and medium-sized enterprise 中⼩型企业SOE: state-owned enterprises 国有企业句⼦翻译：In China, as a result of the economic reforms and market opening measures, SMEs have enjoyed remarkable development and have grown to become an important force in contributing towards sustained and rapid growth of theChinese economic.（⼆）阅读技巧（次重点）应⽤：阅读的逻辑技巧（三）课外练习（⼀般）理解：1.Carlyle Group’s Asian Invasion加雷集团的亚洲扩张名词解释：Venture-capital 风险资本Carlyle Group 凯雷投资集团Citigroup 花旗集团2. Why the Dollar Is Blooming Again为什么美元再次复兴？名词解释：Greenback 美元（俚语）Lehman Brothers Inc 雷曼兄弟公司European Central Bank 欧洲中央银⾏Federal Reserve Bank 美国联邦储备银⾏（四）拓展阅读（⼀般）理解：1. How Banks Pretty up the Profit Picture银⾏如何美化收益前景2. Thai Stocks What Goes Up 泰国股市：到底是怎么了？3. Inventing to Order 以市场为导向开发产品4. I t’s an Office Party in Hong Kong⾹港办公楼地价之争第⼆单元⼈⼒资源管理⼀、学习⽬的与要求通过本单元学习，掌握商务英语阅读中的快速阅读技巧，了解⼈⼒资源管理概况。

商务英语复习重点一■中译英（共20分，每小题2分洪10道题）内容祁来源丁presentation,每个topic都冇涉及胚冇个别课外内容；二英译中供20分,每小题2分，共10道题）内容都来源于presentation,＜个topic都有涉及,还有个别课外内容;%1.根据文章内容选词填空（共20分,每小题2分，共10道题）给出一段文章，选择合适的单词填空.文章都出自课木，复习范围：10 页A2,11 页B1,18 页A1,28 页A1,47 页B1,50 页A2.56 页A1,63 页B1,67 页C1%1.改错（共20分,每小题2分，共10道题）两段文章，每找出一处错谋得1分，更正正确得1分•两段文章均出自课木，但不一定是和课木同样的错误•复习范围：26 页A1,27 页B1,30 页A1,31 页B1,34 页A1,82 页A2五•选词填空（共20分,每小题2分，共10道题）10个选项（都是词纟R）,10个付了，将选项填入付了•木部分题目内容为课外内容中译英复习范目1.合适的包装能确保产甜不变质以及不受到损害2.我们应为为员工未来的职业发展提供尽可能多的机会；3.精美的包装就如同一个五秒钟的广告，它能给予公司一次最后说服顾客购买产品的机会4.外部招聘能带来新鲜血液5.我们应当制作一个详细的工作职责和应聘者要求；6.公司招聘分为内部招聘和外部招聘7 •很多购买决定是一时冲动作出的；8.我们应当让员工参与决策过程9.我们处在一个越来越以顾客为主导的经济环境半屮10.我们应当为员工提供有竞争性的薪金；11 •进行市场调查能让我们得到关于产品的第一手信息12.新技术会让一些员工感觉压力大得无法承受13.我们要组织一些活动增进员工的感情，然他们有在家的感觉；14•我们能够他道顾客的需求和期望，从而升级我们的产品，完善我们的服务15.和顾客保持个人交往能让他们感觉备受重视16.我们应当为顾客提供高质量的产品和稳定的服务17.若顾客对我们的服务满意，我们就会有一•个非常稳定的顾客基础18.我们应当允许一段合理的转换期让新老技术共存；19•汽车公司就没有必要再雇用售票员，就能节省一大笔员工支出；20 .政府会因为企业违反了安全健康规则而将他们驱逐出行业21.在互联网上销售产站能让我们在24小时之内都和顾客做交易22•使用环保的交通方式能给我们的商业伙伴留下良好的印彖，因为他们会觉得我们具有社会责任感；23.入职培训包括公司背景及各项规章制度的介绍24在网上销售产品能让顾客觉得我们能跟随最新的发展，这对于公司形彖是有益的25 •我们应挑选能代表公司形象的公众人物做我们的产品代言人。

二．生词复习内容1．带句子复习Unit One Part A TEXT ADeposit [di'pɔzit] Vt./n. 存款,沉淀Save account 银行账户During a certain week, for example, you may make telephone calls, have your eyeglasses repaired, ride in a taxi, consult your doctor, deposit money in you saving account.The Nile floods the fields and deposits mud on themLaundry ['lɔ:ndri] n. 洗衣店, 洗衣, 要洗的衣服What about the laundry, the television repairman, the plumber?The report on the hospital mentions such desiderata as a supply of clean laundryTransaction [træn'zækʃən] n. 交易, 执行, 办理Business TransactionHad you not helped us, we should have canceled this transactionYacht [jɔt] n./Vt. 游艇/驾游艇, 乘游艇custom-build car 按买主要求制造的汽车Nonessential high-quality goods, such expensive jewelry, yachts, and custom-build cars, are called luxuriesThe yacht hit a rock and damaged her bowsSuspend [səs'pend] Vt. 吊, 悬挂; 暂停, 悬浮, 中止If just one phase of business, such as transportation, were to suspend operations, factories could not ship their products.A curved or sharply bent device, usually of metal, used to catch, drag, suspend, or fasten something elseLay off v.解雇, 停止, 关闭, 休息Soon worker would be laid off because of shutdowns; and with the loss in wages families would have to curtail their buying Why don't you lay off smoking for a while until your cough gets better?Savings bond 储蓄公债One family reported these business activities for a certain day: issued checks to pay automobile insurance and electric bill; bought a rug chairs; mailed a letter to order some books; paid the newsboy; hired a carpenter to repair the window frame; bought a United States savings bond at the bank; left a roll of film at the camera shop; had dinner at a restaurant.Unit Two Part A TEXT APopcorn ['pɔpkɔ:n] n. 爆米花adj. （无艺术含量或智慧的事物）流行的Suppose a farmer recognizes the need for popcorn and decides to grow some.I bought a cup of coke and some popcornstorage warehouse仓库For example, to a storage warehouse and when the warehouse in turn sells it to a supermarket or amusement parkaroma [ə'rəumə] n. 浓香, 香气Marketing occurs most obviously, perhaps, at the movie theater where patrons are greeted with the sight, sound, andaroma of freshly popped corn as they pass into the theaterThe aroma of roasting coffee beansBeauty salon n. 美容院Other business marketing services include beauty salons, insurance agencies, driving schools, emergency care centers, and the telephone companies.snack bar 快餐柜, 小吃店And you will surely come across restaurants and snack bars that provide food and food services such as Kentucky Fried Chicken and Burger KingDon't stay too long at the snack barIntangible [in'tændʒəbl] adj.难以明了的, 无形的n.无形的东西They are intangible and perishable他们是无形的，易消失的The old building have an intangible air of sadness about itBarbecue ['bɑ:bikju:] n.烤肉, 烧烤, 烤架v.烤炙Some stores feature one special kind of food, such as health foods, cheese, or barbecued chickenIf you're not busy Sunday, we'd love to have you both over for a barbecueStationery ['steiʃənəri] n.文具, 信笺As we continue our tour, you may see at least on department store and stores specializing in things such as shoes, jewelry, sporting goods, furniture, stationery, and flowers.The letter is typed on his office stationeryLubrication [lu:bri'keiʃən] n. 润滑Many service stations, for example, sell not only gasoline, oil, and other goods but also lubrication and repair servicesRetail ['ri:teil] n.零售vt.零售, 传述adv.以零售形式adj.零售的The businesses where you and your family buy goods and services are known are retail stores or retailersCould you tell me the retail prices of these shoes?Promote [prə'məut] vt.促进, 提升, 升迁, 发起, 促销Some of these activities are promoting, pricing and distributing－all the activities that help put the goods and services you want and need into your handThe government decided to promote public welfareBillboard ['bilbɔ:d] n. 广告牌vt. 宣传As you continue touring community, the billboard on highways or street encourage you to “Try 7 Up” or “Visit Disneyland”Large billboards have disfigured the sceneryreal estate agent 房地产经纪人cashiers [kæ'ʃiə] n.出纳员, 收银员vt.解职, 丢弃dealer ['di:lə] n.商人, 经销商, 发牌者, 毒品贩子They may be salespeople in department stores, cashiers in supermarkets, ticket sellers in movie theaters, services-station attendants, real estate agents, florists, or automobile dealersA cashier ran away with the day's takingsShe's now firmly established (in business) as an art dealerCopywriter ['kɔpiraitə] n.广告文字撰写人This group includes receiving clerks in a large store, designers of window displays, artists preparing posters, copywriters preparing newspaper ads, and so onDistribution [distri'bju:ʃən] n.分布, 分发, 分配, 散布, 销售量Although marketing is sometimes called” distribution”, the terms actually have different meaningsThe manager tried to even out the distribution of work among his employeesConception [kən'sepʃən] n.概念, 观念, 构想, 怀孕Marketing is the process of planning and executing the conception pricing, promotion and distribution of ideas, goods, and services to create exchanges that satisfy individual and organization objectivesI have no conception of what you meanUnit Three Part A TEXT APatronage ['pætrənidʒ] n. 赞助, 光顾, 任免权Product and patronage buying motivesThis orchestra has been established under the patronage of the governmentHay fever花粉热, 干草热For example, the customer who suffers from hay ever may want an air conditioner for the homeHas had hay fever all his lifePollen ['pɔlin] n.花粉vt.授粉给The primary reason for the purchase of the air conditioner is to remove pollen from the air in order to give relief from the symptoms of hay everStamen is in the middle of a flower and may produce pollenUnit Four Part A TEXT APurchase ['pə:tʃəs] vt.购买n.购买, 购买的物品n.紧握,支点Customers will not purchase a product or service until they are convinced that they will benefit from owning that product or serviceYou can rely on your solicitor's professionalism in dealing with the house purchaseConsumption [kən'sʌmpʃən] n.消费, 消耗, 肺痨Our economy is divided into three phases: production, marketing, and consumptionThe meat was condemned as unfit for human consumptionLumber ['lʌmbə] n. 木材, 木料v. 伐木vi. 缓慢地移动vt. 拖累Faming, mining, fishing, lumbering, and manufacturing make up of the production phase of our economyMaterial, such as lumber or tile, used in making floorsWholesaler ['həul'seilə] n.批发商Wholesalers and retailers make up the marking phase of our economyAs you know, we are a well-established firm in the line of textiles, and we enjoy good relations with all the wholesalers, chain stores and distributors in CanadaUnit Five Part A TEXT AEntrepreneur [ɔntrəprə'nə:] n.企业家, 承包商,主办者Two kinds of businessman-heroes have gained wide-spread respect among the people. The first kind is often calls the entrepreneur.He would not have succeeded in such a risky business if he had not been such a clever entrepreneurOil refining炼油The men who more than one hundred years ago built up the great industries of the nation, such as steel, railroads, and oil refining, were usually entrepreneursFrontier ['frʌntjə] n.边界, 边境, 尖端, 边缘The fact that these early entrepreneurs built great industries out very little made them seem to millions of Americans like the heroes of the early frontier days who went into the vast wilderness of the United States and turned forest into farms, villages, and small citiesThe frontier ranges from the northern hills to the southern coastrugged ['rʌgid] adj.高低不平的,衣裳褴褛的,粗鲁的, (人)坚毅的, (气候)严酷的, (声音)刺耳的,坚固耐用的The entrepreneur, like the earlier hero of the frontier, was seen as a “rugged individual”The path to glory is always ruggedTheme [θi:m] n.主题, 题目, 主旋律The theme of Alger’s novels is that in the United States a poor city boy or a poor farm boy can become a wealthy and successful businessman if he works hard and relies on himself rather than depending on othersPeace was the dominant theme of the conferenceprevail [pri'veil] vi.盛行, 获胜, 劝说indolence ['indələns] adj.懒散, 懒惰; 无痛This quality marked him for success, explained Alger, because in the boot-blacking business, as well as in the higher vocations, the same rule prevails, that energy and industry are rewarded, and indolence suffersMisty weather prevails in this part of the countryHe got the better of his indolenceInspire [in'spair] vt.鼓舞, 激发, 产生, 赋予...灵感vi.吸入Although Americans today are likely to think that Horatio Alger’s stories are too good to be true, they continue to be inspired by the idea of earning wealth and success as an entrepreneur who makes it on his ownThe sight inspired him with nostalgiaAppeal to对 ... 产生吸引力, 呼吁, 恳求, 申诉A final characteristic of the entrepreneur which appeals to most Americans is his strong dislike of submitting to higher authority (particularly the government)The company is prepared to trade off its up-market image against a stronger appeal to teenage buyersTrait [treit] n.特征, 特点, 少许, 一笔Throughout their history, the American people have had this traitOne of his less attractive traits is criticizing his wife in publicAdmire [əd'maiə] vt.钦佩, 赞美, 羡慕They have strongly admired the entrepreneur who conducts his business and his life without taking orders from anyone above himThey admire her alabaster complexionAcquire [ə'kwaiə] vt.获得, 学到, 取得They acquire power and wealth, but they do not have as strong a hero image as does the entrepreneur, because they are not seen as pure example of American idealsWe admired his intellectual providence to acquire vast stores of dry informationUndisputed ['ʌndis'pju:tid] adj.无可置辩的, 无异议的, 确实的The entrepreneur, on the other hand, was the sole and undisputed captain of his businessOur product has become the undisputed market leaderUnit Six Part A TEXT ASkyscraper ['skaiskreipə] n. 摩天楼, 超高层大楼; 特别高的东西Symphony Orchestra 交响乐团In downtown Detroit there are some fine skyscrapers and expensive restaurants and stores, and right on the edge of the downtown area, facing Canada across the busy Detroit River, is the waterfront, and its civic center, with parks and a concert hall, home of the famous Detroit Symphony OrchestraA new skyscraper has been put up downtownProsperity [prɔs'periti] n. 繁荣, 成功, 幸运This concert hall, called the Ford Auditorium, is a reminder that Detroit owes its rapid growth and one-time prosperity to the automobile, and above all to Henry FordThe increasing sale of luxury goods is an index of the country's prosperitymechanical [mi'kænikəl] adj.机械的, 力学的, 呆板的n.(供制版用的)样书,版面设计At an early age, he showed an interest in mechanical things and dislike for farm workThe new car had to be withdrawn from the market because of a mechanical defectApprentice [ə'prentis] n.学徒, 见习生v.使当学徒In 1879, 16-year-old Ford left home for the nearby city Detroit to work as an apprentice mechanist, although he did occasionally return to help on the farmThe boy was apprenticed to a carpenterOperate ['ɔpəreit] v.操作, 运转, 经营, 动手术During the next few years, Henry divided his time between operating or repairing steam engines, finding occasional work in a Detroit factoryThe new law operates to destroy our advantagesSignify ['signifai] vt.表示, 预示, 意味着, 象征vi.有重要性Conscious ['kɔnʃəs] adj.神志清醒的, 意识到的, 自觉的, 有意的n.意识This event signified a conscious decision on Ford’s part to dedicate his life to industrial pursuitsShe signifies her disagreementI had to make a conscious effort not to be rude to himInternal combustion engine 内燃机His promotion to Chief Engineer in 1893 gave him enough time and money to devote attention to his personal experiments on internal combustion enginesMass-produce [mæsprə'du:s] vt. 大量生产Henry Ford did not invent the automobile, but he was the first man to mass-produce it, and thus make it available to the ordinary manDignity ['digniti] n.尊严, 高贵, 端庄Robot ['rəubɔt] n.机器人, 机械呆板的人,自动机,（非洲南部）自动交通信号灯Ford believed in the dignity of work, and did not wish his men to become underpaid robotsThere was something impressive about Julia's quiet dignityThe toy robot moved forward with quick jerky stepsOutskirt ['autskə:t] n.郊区（常用复数）He also built them a special town on the outskirts of the cityThey live on the outskirts (ie in an outlying district) of ParisDisperse [dis'pə:s] v.分散, 散开Now many plants have been dispersed to other parts of the states, and unemployment, particularly among the blacks, has become a serious problemThe police dispersed the crowdGulf [gʌlf] n.海湾, 鸿沟vt.吞没She gets her own oil from the Gulf of Mexico and from Alaska, and from other oil fields still in production in various parts of the USA, but she cannot produce nearly enough to suit her multifarious needsThe president hugged himself with pleasure over the quick withdrawal from the gulf warUnit Seven Part A TEXT ASector ['sektə] n.部门, 部分, 区域n.[计]扇形, 扇区vt.使分成部分Other industries and services, including nearly all commercial and financial services, are owned and controlled by private enterprise, and this sector is called the “private” sectorThere are several sectors unusable in this diskCharacteristic [kæriktə'ristik] n.特点, 特性, 特色adj.典型的, 特有的Each type is suited to certain services, profession and industries, and to small and large units, and so it is necessary to compare and contrast the chief characteristics of each typeHer predominant characteristic is honestyInterior [in'tiəriə] adj.内地的, 国内的, 内部的n.内部, 内在Decorate ['dekəreit] v.装饰, 布置, 装修, 授予某人奖章或其他奖状It is very often found in retailing and in the direct service (such as window-cleaning and interior decorating) The architect laid out the interior of the buildingSeveral soldiers were decorated for braveryAccountant [ə'kauntənt] n.会计人员, 会计师Architect ['ɑ:kitekt] n.建筑师n.【喻】缔造者, 创造者Sometimes the partners bring special skills (such as an accountant in a partnership of architects), and they share the riskThe accountant described his work to the sales staffThe architect was given/presented with a blank cheque to design a new city centreLiability [aiə'biliti] n.责任, 债务, 倾向, 可能性, 不利因素It is the main disadvantage of partnerships that ordinary of general partners have unlimited liability for losses and debtsIf your liabilities exceed your assets, you may go bankruptCollapse [kə'læps] v.倒塌, 崩溃, 瓦解, 折叠n.倒塌, 崩溃, 暴跌For the very large organizations of modern industry and commerce, the amount of capital needed and the potential losses which might result from collapse are very largeTalks between management and unions have collapsedout of the question adj.不可能的，不值得考虑的Unlimited liability is therefore out of the questionMaximum ['mæksiməm] n.最大量, 最大限度, 最高点adj.最高的, 最大极限的The main difference between private and public limited companies is that there is a restriction on the number of members in a private limited company (maximum fifty), whereas there is no such restriction in a public limited companyThe demonstration was carefully orchestrated to attract maximum publicityTransfer [træns'fə:] v.转移, 调任, 转乘n.迁移, 移动, 换车, 汇兑There are restrictions on the transfer of transfer of shares in a private limited companyHe intends to transfer the property to his sonsubscribe [səb'skraib] vt.认购,订阅, 签名, 支持, 捐赠, 同意The public limited company can appeal to the public to subscribe capital, and so can raise more capital than the private limited companyDo you subscribe to her pessimistic view of the state of the economy?Unit Eight Part A TEXT AParticipated [pɑ:'tisipeit] vi.参加, 参与vt.分享For example, the Alaska pipeline, which carries crude oil from wells in the Alaskan wilderness to tankers waiting offshore, was a hugely expensive project in which eight oil companies participatedI don't want to participate in the English partyArctic Circle n. 北极圈But in the case, the oil fields are located near the Arctic Circle, where frozen ports make year-round ocean transport impossibleI said: "Only the other day the Russians put out that they have discovered huge new diamond fields somewhere inside the Arctic Circle."Bonanza [bəu'nænzə] n.富矿带, 带来好运的事物, 暴富之源And by 1981 crude oil had risen to about $40 a barrel, making the pipeline a bonanza for the ownersIt's been a bonanza (ie very profitable) year for the tourist tradeConglomerate [kən'glɔmərit] n.联合企业, 密集体, 城郊混合区,[地]砾岩vt.使聚集, 使结成,结合Warner, an entertainment conglomerate that produces movies and many of the shows seen on network TVAn American conglomerate holds a major share in the companyDairy ['dɛəri] n.牛奶场, 乳品店, 乳制品, 地方小店adj.牛奶的, 乳制品的In the last decade, they have broadened the scope of their operations considerably, increasing their market shares in dairy products and cotton and movies into food processingThe business of owning and operating a dairy or a dairy farmAt the expense of 以 ... 作为代价在损害...的情况下step up 增加, 加快, 提升, 升高（电压）, 站出来The so-called supply co-ops have likewise stepped up their sales to farmer of such necessities as fertilizer, petroleum, and chemical products－all at the expense of industrial competitorsI hope you try to get them to step up productionAverage ['ævəridʒ] n.平均数, 平均水平adj.平均的, 一般的, 通常的v.取平均值, 达到平均水平Levy ['levi] n.征税, 召集vt.征收, 发动vi.强收For example, the profits that co-ops return to their members are currently not subject to federal income tax, so that tax rates for co-ops average only about one-third of those levied on their corporate competitorsTom's work at school is above the averageThe court may have to levy on your estate to pay your debtsBar [bɑː]n. 棒, 条; 闩, 横杠; 条状物; 障碍, 限制#酒吧; 律师界v. 闩住; 阻塞; 封锁; 阻拦In addition, cooperatives are permitted to own manufacturing and other facilities, a practice from which corporations can be barredHe is the best singer in the world, bar noneExclusive [iks'klu:siv] adj.排外的, 独占的, 唯一的, 完整的, 奢华的n.独家新闻, 独权adj. 高价的, 时髦的The franchisor (the corporation) grants the franchisee (the person) the exclusive right to use the franchisor’s name in a certain territory, usually in exchange for an initial fee plus monthly royalty paymentsHe moves in exclusive social circles and belongs to the most exclusive clubsOutlet ['autlet] n.出路, 出口, 通风口, 批发商店, <美>电源插座The franchise operation enables a corporation to establish outlets for its product or service without making enormous capital investmentsHe needs an outlet for all that pent-up anger2．纯生词复习Deposit [di'pɔzit] Vt./n. 存款,沉淀Save account 银行账户Laundry ['lɔ:ndri] n. 洗衣店, 洗衣, 要洗的衣服Transaction [træn'zækʃən] n. 交易, 执行, 办理Yacht [jɔt] n./Vt. 游艇/驾游艇, 乘游艇custom-build car 按买主要求制造的汽车Suspend [səs'pend] Vt. 吊, 悬挂; 暂停, 悬浮, 中止Lay off v.解雇, 停止, 关闭, 休息Savings bond 储蓄公债Popcorn ['pɔpkɔ:n] n. 爆米花adj. （无艺术含量或智慧的事物）流行的storage warehouse 仓库aroma [ə'rəumə] n. 浓香, 香气Beauty salon n. 美容院snack bar 快餐柜, 小吃店Barbecue ['bɑ:bikju:] n.烤肉, 烧烤, 烤架v.烤炙Intangible [in'tændʒəbl] adj.难以明了的, 无形的n.无形的东西Stationery ['steiʃənəri] n.文具, 信笺Lubrication [lu:bri'keiʃən] n. 润滑Retail ['ri:teil] n.零售vt.零售, 传述adv.以零售形式adj.零售的Promote [prə'məut] vt.促进, 提升, 升迁, 发起, 促销Billboard ['bilbɔ:d] n. 广告牌vt. 宣传real estate agent 房地产经纪人Copywriter ['kɔpiraitə] n.广告文字撰写人cashiers [kæ'ʃiə] n.出纳员, 收银员vt.解职, 丢弃dealer ['di:lə] n.商人, 经销商, 发牌者, 毒品贩子Distribution [distri'bju:ʃən] n.分布, 分发, 分配, 散布, 销售量Conception [kən'sepʃən] n.概念, 观念, 构想, 怀孕Patronage ['pætrənidʒ] n. 赞助, 光顾, 任免权Hay fever 花粉热, 干草热Pollen ['pɔlin] n.花粉vt.授粉给Purchase ['pə:tʃəs] vt.购买n.购买, 购买的物品n.紧握,支点Consumption [kən'sʌmpʃən] n.消费, 消耗, 肺痨Lumber ['lʌmbə] n. 木材, 木料v. 伐木vi. 缓慢地移动vt. 拖累Wholesaler ['həul'seilə] n.批发商Entrepreneur [ɔntrəprə'nə:] n.企业家, 承包商,主办者Oil refining 炼油Frontier ['frʌntjə] n.边界, 边境, 尖端, 边缘rugged ['rʌgid] adj.高低不平的,衣裳褴褛的,粗鲁的, (气候)严酷的, (声音)刺耳的,坚固耐用的Theme [θi:m] n.主题, 题目, 主旋律prevail [pri'veil] vi.盛行, 获胜, 劝说indolence ['indələns] adj.懒散, 懒惰; 无痛Inspire [in'spair] vt.鼓舞, 激发, 产生, 赋予...灵感vi.吸入Appeal to 对 ... 产生吸引力, 呼吁, 恳求, 申诉Trait [treit] n.特征, 特点, 少许, 一笔Admire [əd'maiə] vt.钦佩, 赞美, 羡慕Acquire [ə'kwaiə] vt.获得, 学到, 取得Undisputed ['ʌndis'pju:tid] adj.无可置辩的, 无异议的, 确实的Skyscraper ['skaiskreipə] n. 摩天楼, 超高层大楼; 特别高的东西Symphony Orchestra 交响乐团Prosperity [prɔs'periti] n. 繁荣, 成功, 幸运mechanical [mi'kænikəl] adj.机械的, 力学的, 呆板的n.(供制版用的)样书,版面设计Apprentice [ə'prentis] n.学徒, 见习生v.使当学徒Operate ['ɔpəreit] v.操作, 运转, 经营, 动手术Signify ['signifai] vt.表示, 预示, 意味着, 象征vi.有重要性Conscious ['kɔnʃəs] adj.神志清醒的, 意识到的, 自觉的, 有意的n.意识Internal combustion engine 内燃机Mass-produce [mæsprə'du:s] vt. 大量生产Dignity ['digniti] n.尊严, 高贵, 端庄Robot ['rəubɔt] n.机器人, 机械呆板的人,自动机,（非洲南部）自动交通信号灯Outskirt ['autskə:t] n.郊区（常用复数）Disperse [dis'pə:s] v.分散, 散开Gulf [gʌlf] n.海湾, 鸿沟vt.吞没Sector ['sektə] n.部门, 部分, 区域n.[计]扇形, 扇区vt.使分成部分Characteristic [kæriktə'ristik] n.特点, 特性, 特色adj.典型的, 特有的Interior [in'tiəriə] adj.内地的, 国内的, 内部的n.内部, 内在Decorate ['dekəreit] v.装饰, 布置, 装修, 授予某人奖章或其他奖状Accountant [ə'kauntənt] n.会计人员, 会计师Architect ['ɑ:kitekt] n.建筑师n.【喻】缔造者, 创造者Liability [aiə'biliti] n.责任, 债务, 倾向, 可能性, 不利因素Collapse [kə'læps] v.倒塌, 崩溃, 瓦解, 折叠n.倒塌, 崩溃, 暴跌out of the question adj.不可能的，不值得考虑的Maximum ['mæksiməm] n.最大量, 最大限度, 最高点adj.最高的, 最大极限的Transfer [træns'fə:] v.转移, 调任, 转乘n.迁移, 移动, 换车, 汇兑subscribe [səb'skraib] vt.认购,订阅, 签名, 支持, 捐赠, 同意Participated [pɑ:'tisipeit] vi.参加, 参与vt.分享Arctic Circle n. 北极圈Bonanza [bəu'nænzə] n.富矿带, 带来好运的事物, 暴富之源Conglomerate [kən'glɔmərit] n.联合企业, 密集体, 城郊混合区,[地]砾岩vt.使聚集, 使结成,结合Dairy ['dɛəri] n.牛奶场, 乳品店, 乳制品, 地方小店adj.牛奶的, 乳制品的At the expense of 以 ... 作为代价在损害...的情况下step up 增加, 加快, 提升, 升高（电压）, 站出来Average ['ævəridʒ] n.平均数, 平均水平adj.平均的, 一般的, 通常的v.达到平均水平Levy ['levi] n.征税, 召集vt.征收, 发动vi.强收Bar [bɑː] n. 棒, 条; 闩, 横杠; 条状物; 障碍v. 闩住; 阻塞; 封锁; 阻拦Exclusive [iks'klu:siv] adj.排外的, 独占的, 奢华的n.独家新闻, 独权adj. 高价的, 时髦的Outlet ['autlet] n.出路, 出口, 通风口, 批发商店, <美>电源插座一．词汇题汇总复习（10+10+8+8+10+8+10+9）1. Mail a letter to order some books (ask for订购)2. What line of business is he in (area 部份)3. At this time you probably would have difficulty in giv ing a clear-cut explanation of business (definite 清楚的)4. Each of these instances illustrates the meaning of business (explains解释)5. Few families keep on hand enough food and other essentials for more than a brief period (short 短的)6. If just one phase of business, such as transportation, were to suspend operations (aspect 方面)7. And with the loss in wages, families would have to curtail their buying (cut down 削减)8. and the nation are functioning smoothly can there be prosperity for everyone (wealth 繁荣)9. For the business owner business activities offer the opportunity to render a services (provide 提供)10. Because it furnishes the things we use (supplies 提供)11. Some products are used …tools an auto mechanic uses in servicing a car (examining and repairing 检修)12. The patrons are greeted at the movie theatre with the sight, sound, and aroma…(customer 顾客)13. Services are intangible and perishable (unendurable不能持久的)14.Your first glimpse of marketing on our imaginary tour may be a store that sells food (quick look 快速看)15. Some stores feature one special kind of food, such as health foods, cheese, or…. (specialize in 限制)16.Some of these activ ities are promoting, pricing, distributing (fix ing the price 定价)17. Drive back to down and you may see a new car-wash… take advantage of the bargain (discount 折扣)18. Activities like buying gasoline for one’s car or purchasing a book are business transactions (dealing 交易)19. Marketing is the process of planning and executing the conception (carrying out 实现)20. Market is the process to bring about exchanges that satisfy individual … objectives (goals 目标)21. Primary buying…select one type, kind, or class of merchandise or serv ice rather another (commodities 商品)22. The primary reason for the purchase of the air conditioner is to remove pollen from the air (buying 购买)23. The primary reason is to remove p… to give relief from the symptoms of hay fever (changes in body 症状)24. There are many reasons for…price quality, versatility, convenience, durability (multi-uses 多功能)25. A customer …may rationalize that the old one is no longer effective (justify the purchase by thinking购买依据)26. Such as a disposable blade razor (a blade razor that is used once and then thrown away 一次性刀片)27. Customers often act on impulse (without planning in advance 冲动的,无提前计划)28. The salesperson who is … with a strong conviction toward the product must…(belief信服)29. You had to use selling skills to persuade the owner to let you use it (beg earnestly 真诚的劝服)30. You are trying to convince people that you have good ideas and will provide…(Cause … to believe使…确信)31. You can purchase a pair of jeans from a department store ... a women’s or men’s apparel shop (clothing 衣服)32. You ... a specialty store or a discount store (a store where special kinds of products are available特种商店)33. … you need to be familiar with some basic facts about each segment of the American economy (part 部份)34. The role of selling in our society is to identify and provide the goods and …. ( find out 找到)35. When a business’s sales decline, the company usually reduces the number of its employees (decrease 降低)36. They should offer sincere, honest, friendly, and courteous service to customers (polite 有礼貌的)37. The organization man is seen as… of American values but still commands great respect (call forth嬴)38. They ended as the heads of huge companies which earned enormous fortunes (money 财富)39. The heroes of the early frontier days went into the vast wildness of the United State…(wasteland 荒地)40. The entrepreneur, like the earlier hero of the frontier was seen as a “rugged individual”(tough 艰难的)41. The central theme of Alger’s novels is about the rise of a city or farm boy“from rags to riches” (subject 主题)42. Dick was a hard-working shoeshine boy, energetic and on the alert for business (watchful 注意)43. Energy and industry are rewarded, and indolence suffers (continual hard work勤劳)44. They continue to be inspired by the idea of earning wealth and success as an entrepreneur… (influenced影响)45. What appeals to most Americans it the entrepreneur’s strong dislike of submitting to higher… (y ielding 屈服)46. The entrepreneur was the sole and undisputed captain of his business (accepted 公认的)47. Detroit has some of the most beautiful…some of the most shocking slums (poor neighborhoods 贫民窟)48. Right on the edge of the downtown area is the waterfront of the city (border 边缘)49. Model A was much more comfortable than the open, wind-swept Model T (exposed to the wind 被风吹的)50. General Motors , is an amalgamation of Chevrolet, Cadillac, Oldsmobile and Buick (combination 结合)51. In an oil crisis an outsized car is disadvantage (a car larger than its kind 一个大号的)52. US cannot produce nearly enough to suit her multifarious needs (many and varied—both A and B多样性)53. The total mileage traveled by American motorists in one year is about one … miles (distance in miles 英时数)54. As part of the program of energy conservation….they can only take unleaded gas (gas without lead 除铅)55. The type of business unit which is described is sole trader (or sale proprietor) is one … (owner 所有者)56. The type of sole trader business is often found in retailing …. (Selling small quantities of goods 零售)57. A partner who contributes more capital will receive a bigger share of the profits (invest 投资)58. In “limited” partnerships, a partner can limit his liability to the amount he contributes (responsibility 责任)59. Another disadvantage of partnerships is that conflict between partners can wreck the company (ruin 破坏)60. For the very large organization of modern…needed and the potential losses which might … (possible 可能的)61. This guarantees that the people who invest in the company will not more than the amount… (promises 担保)62. The public limited company can appeal to the public to subscribe capital (request要求)。

商务英语复习题1resources, and information resources. Labor refers to the physical and mental capabilities of people as they contribute to the economic system. Capital refers to the funds needed to create and operate a business enterprise. Entrepreneurs are individuals who embrace the opportunities and accept the risks of setting up and operating businesses. Physical resources are tangible things organizations use in the conduct of their business. Information resources include data and other informationfactors of production and to make all or most production and allocation decisions. In a market economy, individuals control production and allocation decisions throughmeasure the economic performance of a national economy. Gross domestic product refers to the total value of all goods and services produced within a given period by a national economy through domestic factors of production. On the other hand, gross national product measures the total value of goods and services produced by a national economy within a given period regardless of where the factors of productionservices that people can purchase with the currency used by their economic system. Productivity is a measure of economic growth that compares how much a system produces with the resources needed to produce it. Standard of living improves onlysold to earn profits. Indeed, the prospect of earning profits, the difference between a business's revenue and its expenses, is what encourages people to open and expand businesses. After all, profits are the reward owners get for risking their money and time. The right to pursue profits distinguishes a business from non-profit organizations, such as universities, hospitals, and government agencies, that run in much the same way but that generally do not seek profits. Whereas profits may be considered the final reward in profit-seeking businesses, the final reward for non-The external environment consists of everything outside a business' boundaries thatmight affect it. The domestic business environment refers to the environment in which a firm operates, conducting operations and generating revenues. The global business environment includes the international forces affecting a business. The technological environment refers to human knowledge, work methods, physical equipment, electronics and telecommunications, and various processing systems used to conduct a business. The relationship between business and government describes the political-legal environment. The sociocultural environment includes the customs, mores, values, and demographic characteristics of the society in which a business conducts operations. Finally, the economic environment refers to the economic conditionslabor, capital, entrepreneurs, physical resources, and information resources. An economic system is defined by how it manages and allocates these factors of production. In a planned economy, for example, the factors of production are government-owned and controlled. In a market economy, such as that of the United States, individual producers and consumers control production and allocation by creating combinations of supply and demand. In a mixed-market economy, which features characteristics of both a planned and a market economy, there is some government control of some factors of production, often through the nation's major industries, such as transportation, communication, and information, alongside someand what to sell are determined primarily by the forces of demand and supply. Demand is the willingness and ability of buyers to purchase a product; supply is the willingness and ability of producers to offer a good or service for sale. The law of demand states that buyers will purchase more of a product as its price drops and less as its price increases. The law of supply states that producers will offer more of aindividuals to pursue their own interests with minimal government restriction. Private enterprise requires four elements: private property rights, freedom of choice, profits, and competition. Private property rights allow the ownership of resources used to create wealth to be in the hands of individuals. Freedom of choice allows a number of freedoms in the market, including the freedom for a worker to sell his or her labor to any employer he or she chooses, the freedom to choose which products and brands to buy, and the freedom for producers to choose whom they hire and what they will produce. Profits are the incentives for entrepreneurs to assume the risks of business ownership. Competition occurs when businesses vie for the same resources and customers; competition is a driver of goods and services quality and price levels. All29) Compare and contrast the four degrees of competition in a private enterprise system.competition, oligopoly, and monopoly. In perfect competition, all firms in an industry are small but the number of firms in the industry is large. No single firm is powerful enough to influence price; therefore, price is determined by such market forces as supply and demand. The products in a perfectly competitive market are so similar that buyers view them as identical to those of other firms. In monopolistic competition, there are many buyers and sellers. Often, sellers attempt to differentiate their products and services from others through design, styling, advertising, or the use of brand names; this often gives sellers some control over prices. Monopolistically competitive businesses face few market entry/exit barriers. In an oligopoly, an industry has only a handful of sellers, who are generally quite large. Market entry is difficult because large capital outlays are needed for new start-ups. In an oligopoly, the actions of one firm tend to affect the actions of all firms; for example, when one firm changes price, all firms tend to change price rather quickly. A monopoly exists when an industry or market has only one producer that dominates the entire market. Though monopolies are illegal in the U.S., natural monopolies such as utilities companies are government-regulated; they are allowed to exist since one such company can often efficiently supply all needed goods or services.。

2023年商务英语考试可打印版听力备考
重点整理提纲
第一部分：常见商务场景
- 对话：订购产品或服务
- 对话：安排会议或约见
- 对话：解决问题或投诉
- 对话：询价或谈判
- 对话：介绍公司或产品
第二部分：商务英语词汇与短语
- 常见商务词汇
- 商务英语常用短语
- 数字和货币表达
- 时间和日期表达
第三部分：听力技巧和备考建议
- 听力技巧
- 注意听力部分常用表达
- 集中注意力，强调关键词
- 多听商务英语对话和讲座
- 备考建议
- 制定备考计划
- 多做听力练
- 模拟考试进行综合训练
第四部分：模拟试题解析
- 选择题解析
- 填空题解析
- 长对话理解题解析
第五部分：常见错误及纠正
- 常见听力错误类型
- 纠正听力错误的方法和技巧
第六部分：其他备考资源推荐
- 商务英语听力教材推荐
- 在线商务英语听力资源推荐
- 商务英语考试网站推荐
以上提纲仅为参考，可根据具体需求进行调整和补充。

在备考过程中，要注重多听多练，提高对商务场景和商务英语的理解和应用能力。

祝您备考顺利，取得好成绩！。