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简单句的五种基本句型讲解及练习题一、句子成份英语句子成分有主语，谓语，宾语，表语，定语，状语,宾语补足语等。
顺序一般是主语，谓语，宾语，宾语补足语，而表语，定语，状语的位置要根据情况而定。
1、主语：表示句子主要说明的人或事物，一般位于句首。
主语可由名词、代词、数词、不定式、动名词、名词化的形容词和主语从句等表示。
例如：My sister is a teacher.（名词）我的姐姐是老师。
We often speak English in class.（代词）我们经常在课上讲英语。
One-third of the students in this class are girls.（数词）这个班三分之一的学生是女生。
2、谓语：谓语说明主语的动作，状态或特征。
可以有不同的时态，语态和语气。
1)简单谓语：she works in a hospital. 她在一家医院工作。
（动作）2)复合谓语： I can speak a little English. 我会说一点英语。
We are reading books. 我们正在读书。
He has gone to Beijing.他已经去北京了。
3、表语: 它位于系动词(比如be)之后，说明主语身份，特征，属性或状态。
My sister is a teacher.(我的姐姐是老师。
)The weather has turned cold.（天气已经变冷了。
）系动词：是用来帮助说明主语的动词，不能单独用作谓语，其后必须跟表语，如：be, become, turn, look, go等。
4、宾语: 宾语表示动作行为的对象，跟在及物动词之后。
We like English. 我喜欢英语。
They helped the old with their housework yesterday.（名词化形容词）有些及物动词可以带两个宾语，往往一个指人，一个指物，指人的叫间接宾语，指物的叫直接宾语。
简单句五种基本句型训练主语+谓语1.他们正说话。
They were talking.2.我周日从不早起。
上周日我起得很晚。
I never get up on Sundays. I got up very late lastSunday.3.就在那时，电话铃响了。
Just then, the telephone rang.4.我刚刚乘火车来。
I’ve just arrived by train.5.我坐在剧院的前面。
I sat in the front of the theatre.6.当我到会议室时，二十人已经离开了。
Twenty people had already left when I arrived at the meeting room.7.他将飞往纽约度假。
He will fly to New York for a holiday.8.他刚去过北海公园，一个在北京非常出名的公园。
He has gone to Alice Spring, a small town in the center of Australia.9.我们等呀等，但是什么也没发生。
突然有人就大叫起来。
We waited and waited, but nothing happened.10.突然，有人大叫起来。
Suddenly someone shouted.11.我们的邻居，哈利波特明天将从朴茨茅斯港出航。
Our neighbor, Captain Harry Porter will sail from Portsmouth tomorrow.12.我们现在住在乡村的一座漂亮崭新的房子里。
We are now living in a beautiful new house in the country.13.一到达海岸，这个小姑娘就奋力爬上悬崖，朝着她看到的等爬去。
On arriving at the shore, the girl struggled up the cliff towards the light she had seen.14.威廉打算明天横渡英吉利海峡。
简单句的五种基本句型一、主语＋不及物动词(S＋V)[例句]1. The man cooks. 男人做饭。
2. The sun is shining brightly. 太阳在明亮地照耀着。
3. We all breathe, eat, and drink. 我们呼吸、吃和喝。
4. They talked for half an hour. 他们谈了半个小时。
5. They were singing when we arrived. 我们到的时候他们正在唱歌。
[分析]这些句子有一个共同的特点：谓语动词都能表达完整的意思，不需加宾语。
这类动词叫做不及物动词，后面可以跟副词、介词短语、状语从句等。
二、主语＋及物动词＋宾语(S＋V＋DO)[例句]1. Who knows the answer?谁知道答案?2. He enjoys reading. 他喜欢看书。
3. They ate what was left over. 他们吃了剩饭。
4. He said “Good morning.”他说：“早上好！”5. I want to have a cup of tea. 我想喝杯茶。
[分析]这些句子的共同特点是：谓语动词都具有实义，都是主语产生的动作，但不能表达完整的意思，必须跟有一个宾语，即动作的承受者，才能使意思完整。
这类动词叫做及物动词。
三、主语＋系动词＋表语(S＋V＋P)[例句]1. This is an English-Chinese dictionary. 这是本英汉辞典。
2. The cake smells good. 蛋糕味道很好。
3. Everything looks different. 一切看来都不同了。
4. He is growing tall and strong. 他长得又高又壮。
5. The trouble is that they are short of money. 麻烦的是他们缺少钱。
简单句的五种基本句型一1）主+ 动（SV）例如：I work.我工作。
2）主+ 动+ 表（SVP）例如：John is busy.约翰忙。
3）主+ 动+ 宾（SVO）例如：She studies English.她学英语。
4）主+ 动+ 宾+ 补（SVOC）例如：Time would prove me right. 时-间会证明我是对的。
5）主+ 动+ 间宾+ 直宾（SVOiOd）例如：My mother made me a new dress.我母亲给我做了一件新衣裳。
说明：S＝主语；V＝谓语；P＝表语；O＝宾语；O1＝间接宾语；O2＝直接宾语；C＝宾语补足语基本句型一： S十V主谓结构这种句型中的动词大多是不及物动词，这些动词常见的有rise wait sleep depend rain smile die walk dance 等.例句:The moon rises tonight.She can not sleep well here.It depends.He walked away just now.Mao Zedong died in 1776.She always dance here.翻译下列句子。
(1)____________________________________________他在家等了很久。
(2) ___________________________________________太阳在东方升起来了。
(3)____________________________________________男孩在笑。
(4) ___________________________________________这个小男孩在高兴地笑。
(5 )___________________________________________五年前我住在北京。
(6)___________________________________________他们昨天去爬山。
简单句的五种基本句型：“主语+谓语（不及物动词）”-------主谓型汉译英：1.他画画画得好。
2. 他舞跳得好。
3. 他走路很快。
4．我们经常在河里游泳。
5. 我明天早上七点在公园里散步。
6. 我们从星期一到星期五上学。
7. 他们明天将和老师一起回来。
8. 去年我在广州的一所中学读书。
9.一年有十二个月。
10. 我家有五口人。
“主语+谓语（及物动词）+宾语”-------主谓宾型汉译英：1.我们很喜欢足球。
2.孩子们非常喜欢他们的老师。
3.上星期六我在书店看见他们了。
4.昨天我很仔细地看了这个人。
5.我有100本故事书。
6.我们晚上七点半吃晚饭。
7.我的箱子里有100本故事书。
8.我们每天晚上在家做作业。
9.我们每天上七节课。
10.刚才他打电话给我。
“主语+连系动词+表语”-------主系表型汉译英：1.去年他16岁，今年他17岁。
2.他在二年级一班。
3.你爸爸在上海。
4.你很帅。
5.这孩子很聪明。
6.这故事很有趣。
改错：1.She very tall.2.The problem easy.3.The shoes on the floor.4.The old man 90 years old.5.I am play table tennis every Saturday.6.We are go to school at 6:00 in the morning.7.He was got up early this morning.“主语+谓语（及物动词）+间接宾语+直接宾语”-------主谓宾宾型汉译英：1.我的朋友每个月给我写一封信。
2.我将把我的自行车借给他。
3.上星期六妈妈给我做了一条新T恤衫。
4.我将给你带来一些新书。
5.上个星期我叔叔给我买了一辆自行车。
仿照示范改写句子。
并翻译成中文。
He gave her a notebook. (to)--- He gave a notebook to her .1.She lent the boy her eraser.(to)—2.Can you pass me the paper?(to)----3.My aunt often buys me presents.(for)---4.Who will fetch me some chalk?（for）----5.He played us a piece of music.(for)----“主语+谓语（及物动词）+宾语+宾语补足语”-------主谓宾补型汉译英：1.他们让我当这个队的队长。
英语简单句的五种基本句型简单句：只包含一个主语（或并列主语）和一个谓语（或并列谓语）的句子，称作简单句。
简单句的基本句型：简单句有以下5种基本句型。
1．主语+ 不与物动词 例：It is raining heavily. My tooth aches. 翻译：1. 他昨天锻炼了。
2. 这只鸭子正在游泳。
3. 这个女孩儿跳舞好。
4. 风筝在天上飞。
2．主语 + 与物动词 + 宾语 例：They enjoy the play. I met John in the street yesterday. 翻译：1. 他喜欢篮球比赛。
2. 他每天打电脑游戏。
3. 她正在弹吉他。
4. 他们经常放风筝。
3．主语 + 系动词 + 表语例：He is out. Jenny is fine. It looks like rain soon.翻译：1. 他是美国人。
2. 2. 苹果尝起来味道很好。
3. 树变绿了。
4. 你的主意听起来不错。
4. 主语 + 与物动词 + 双宾语例：He bought her a watch. The sun gives us light. 翻译：1. 他给我讲了个故事。
2. 他们送给我一个礼物。
3. 我爸爸给我买了一辆新自行车。
4. 我同学借给我了一本字典。
注意：双宾语一个指人（即间接宾语），另一个指物（即直接宾语）。
一般间接宾语位于直接宾语的前面，有时它们也可交换位置，这是需要在间接宾语的前面加上介词to 或for 。
常见的双宾语结构：bring sb. sth (bring sth to sb). give sb. sth (give sth to sb.)hand sb. sth (hand sth to sb.) leave sb. sth (leave sth.to sb) lend sb. sth (lend sth to sb) pass sb sth (pass sth to sb)return sb. sth (return sth to sb) send sb sth (send sth to sb)show sb sth (show sth. to sb.)tell sb sth (tell sth to sb ) write sb sth (write sth to sb ) buy sb sth (buy sth for sb ) do sb sth (do sth for sb ) get sb sth (get sth for sb ) make sb. sth (make sth for sb) pay sb. sth (pay sth for sb)sing sb sth (sing sth for sb )5．主语 + 与物动词 + 宾语 + 补足语例：He told me to clean my room. I saw her dancing. 翻译：1. 我们老师要求我们每天读英语。
简单句的五种基本句型讲解及练习题S十V主谓结构S十V十P主系表结构S十V十O主谓宾结构S十V十O1十O2 主谓双宾结构S十V十O十C 主谓宾补结构说明：S＝主语；V＝谓语；P＝表语；O＝宾语；O1＝间接宾语；O2＝直接宾语；C＝宾语补足语基本句型一：S十V主谓结构这种句型中的动词大多是不及物动词，come, die, fall, rise,等等。
如：1). 学生们学习很努力。
Students study hard.2). 事故是昨天晚上发生的。
The accident happened yesterday.基本句型二: S十V十P主系表结构：adj修饰系动词be, look, seem, feel ,smell, taste, sound, get, grow, turn, go, 等等。
如：1) Spring comes. It is getting warmer and warmer. 春天到了，天气变得越来越暖和。
2) The food goes bad.3) The autumn has come . The leaves turn red.look terrible, smell good, taste delicious, sound good,基本句型三: S十V十O主谓宾结构作宾语的成分常是：名词、代词、动词不定式、动名词或从句。
如：1) I watched a movie yesterday.2) You place放置me in a difficult situation.基本句型四: S十V十O1十O2 主谓双宾结构，O1＝间接宾语；O2＝直接宾语这种句型中作间接宾语的常常指“人”，直接宾语常常指“物”。
如：I buy you a gift. I buy a gift to youYou pass me the ball.He told us a story .You give me a flower.基本句型五: S十V十O十C 主谓宾补结构1）请让孩子们安静下来。
简单句的五种基本句型练习题一．用公式标出下面简单句的类型。
1. Anna speaks Russian. _____________2. Daddy bought Tom a new dictionary. __________3. Kate calls her cat Mimi. ___________4. Polly laughed. ____________5. Lily felt cold. ________________6. The picture looks beautiful. ________________7. Jim brought me my English books. _____________8. It is dangerous. _______________9. You must wait. ______________10. Mr Green can't keep the house tidy. ______________二. 选择正确答案11．Look ! There _____ some apples in that tree.A isB wasC areD were12. The ground must be just right ___ too wet ___ too dry.A. either; orB. both; andC. between; andD. neither; nor13. He ____ coffee at all. He ___ tea.A. doesn't like, prefersB. likes, doesn't preferC. would like, not prefersD. prefers, is not food of14. We ___ happy about the price of meat.A. don'tB. are notC. won'tD. weren't being15. I ___ trouble finding the place.A. didn't have manyB. haven't a great deal ofC. didn't have muchD. hadn't a lot of16. ___ of us likes the film.A. BothB. AllC. NeitherD. Some17. They___lunch at home every day.A. have notB. didn't haveC. don't haveD. have not any18. They are ___ young ___ carry the box onto the table.A. enough; tooB. too; toC. so; toD. very; to19. The two girls are only two years old. This girl is ___ thanthat one.A. not tallerB. as tallC. so tallD. more taller20. Some apples are ___ than these oranges.A. not biggerB. bigC. smallD. much big三．根据中文意思完成下了句子，每空一词。
1.展出的小汽车都是中国制造的。
The cars _____ _____ are all made in China.2.开车只需半个小时就可以到达购物中心。
It's half an ______ ______ to get to the shopping center.3.这个主意听起来不错，我会考虑的。
This idea _______ ________ a good one . I will think about it.4.是我们努力学习英语的时候了。
It is _______ for us _______ study hard.5.早饭你想吃什么，鸡蛋`面包还是面条？What would you like to have ______ ________ eggs, bread or noodles?四.专项练习题．单项选择1. On Sunday I often stay at home and do some ________.A. readB. readsC. readingD. to read2. My mother often asks me ______ early.A. get upB. got upC. getting upD. to get up3. The teacher told her students _________ in public.A. not to shoutB. didn't shoutC. not shoutD. to not shout4. The teacher told the boy ________ late again .A. to not beB. not beC. not to beD. to be5. He talked _____ fast for us ____ catch up with.A. so ,thatB. such ,thatC. enough , toD. too, to6. The man downstairs found ______ very difficult to get tosleep.A. themB. thatC. whatD. it7. Chinese _____ by many people in the world.A. speaksB. is spokenC. is speakingD. spoke8. ——What's your mother?——_________.A.She is a workerB.She is niceC she is cooking supperD she works in a shop9. May I use your bike?________. It's broken.A. Yes, please.B. I'm afraid not.C. sureD. No, thanks.10. ——_____is your mother today?——She is much better.A. HowB. WhatC. WhereD. How old五.翻译句子1 多读书对我们有好处2 在强烈的光线下看书不好3 你给我这么多帮助，你真好4 李平昨晚花了半小时做作业5 你能把自行车借给我吗？？6 你给他量过体温了吗？是的，我量过了，他的体温好像没问题。
7 我们怎样才能与同学和睦相处？8 格林先生来这所学校多久了？三年半了9 你们家里有多少人？10 当别人犯错误时，不要嘲笑他们。
附参考答案：一. 1.S+V+O 2.S+V+InO+DO 3.S+V+O+OC4.S+V5.S+V+P6.S+V+P7. S+V+InO+DO 8.S+V+P 9.S+V10.S+V+O+OC二. 11--- 15.CDABC 16.--- 20. CCBAA三：1.on show 2.hour's ride 3.sounds like4.time to5.for breakfast四. 1.--- 5.CDACD 6.五. 1.It's good for us to do more reading2. It's bad for us to read in strong light.3.It's nice of you to give me so much help.4. It took Li Ping half an hour to do his homework last night.5. Can you lend me your bike? Can you lend your bike to me?6. Have you taken his temperature? Yes．Ｉｈａｖｅ.His temperature seems to be all right.7.How can we get along \ on with our neighbors?8.How long has Mr. Green been in this school?About 3 and a half years.9.How many people are there in your family?10. Don't laugh at others when they make mistakes.。
