下载文档原格式
Literature reviewIn precision grinding, conditioning of grinding wheels has always been a major topic of research as quality and economy of the grinding operation are directly related to grinding wheel conditioning. Under conditioning the operations profiling (indicated by truing for straight profiles), sharpening and cleaning are considered. For super-abrasive grinding wheels (CBN and diamond)profiling is most challenging because the lifetime and accuracy of the profiling tools are strongly limited by the inherent wear-resistance and abrasiveness of the considered grinding wheel. Below, available methods are discussed followed by the development of a profiling device and form disc drive system. Eventually the profilability of different grinding wheels is investigated and demonstrated with two cases.The resin-bonded diamond wheels have been usually used for grinding various cemented tungsten carbides. Based on the environmental consideration, the dry condition will be sometimes employed to grind these materials. However, the poor machinability of tungsten carbides causes difficulties in dry grinding. Especially in a dry machining process, all the grinding power is dissipated as heat in the grinding zone, at the interface between the wheel and the workpiece. This heat causes the wheel and workpiece temperatures to rise, which may cause thermal damage. Under such a condition, increasing material removal rates and obtaining high-quality surfaces would be limited.In order to improve the machinability of tungsten carbides in a dry grinding process, many studies have been conducted. Torrance and Metzger stated that in dry grinding of carbide, the resulting predominant mode of wheel wear is heat related. Furthermore, the wheel loss in wet grinding is mainly mechanical wear, and the grinding ratio increases with increase of the wheel speed. In addition, Metzger indicated that frequency of the wheel/workpiece entry impacts during grinding of cemented tungsten carbide would accelerate diamond wheel wear. The drop in grinding ratio can reach values as high as 70% in reciprocating face grinding with resin bond wheels.For best results in dry grinding cemented carbides, the following guidelines are adopted: (1) a low wheel speed of around 18 m/s; (2) a low table speed of 2–3 m/min; (3) a low depth of cut in the 0.01–0.05 mm range;(4) reduction in the area of contact .Furthermore, in the selection and use of wheels operated under a dry condition, metallic additives and lubricants would be added into the resin bond, which facilitates the dispersion of heat and the reduction of friction inthe contact zone. Besides, the irregular metal clad diamond particles with the moderate strength are also recommended to improve heat dissipation and retention in the resin bond . In turn these benefits result in increased tool life and enhanced performance.Even though several studies on the performance of the diamond wheels in the grinding of carbides had been investigated. However, studies relating the effects of the filler of the resin bond on the dry grinding of tungsten carbide are little reported. In this paper, the effects of several fillers of the resin-bonded diamond wheel on the performance of dry grinding of tungsten carbide are studied.A new kind diamond grinding wheel with Al-based bonding agent was prepared in this paper. The influence of sintering temperature to the relative density , hardness and service life of diamond grinding wheels with Al Sn Ti, Al Sn Ti Ni Co, Al Sn Ti Ni and Al Sn Ni Co bonding agent was studied. The microstructure of different bonding agent sintered at different temperature was observed. The service life of the Al-based grinding wheels was compared with Cu-based or resin-based ones. The results showed that the Al Sn Ti Ni Co is the best composition system in this research. The best sintering temperature is 300 ?C. The sample has a high relative density after sintered at 300 C. The retention of Al-based bonding agent to diamond grit is strong. The service life of this Albased diamond grinding wheel is about three times as long as that of resin-bonded grinding wheel.A new kind of grinding wheel has been fabricated with Albased bonding agent. The optimal system of Al-based agent in this research is Al Sn Ti Ni Co. Relative density, hardness hardness and service life of Al-based diamond tools are effectively influenced by sintering temperature. For these Al-based systems, the optimal sintering temperature is about 300 C. The grindingeffect of ceramic tile squared by Al-base wheel is as good as that by resin-based wheel. The service life of Al-based grinding wheel is three times as long as that of the resin based.Epoxy resins have been commercialized for 50 years. There are thousands of epoxies available in the markets. The basic properties of epoxy resins can be modified in many ways: by blending of different resins, by selection of curing agents and by the use of modifiers and fillers. The epoxy resins have exhibited good thermal properties, chemical resistance and electric insulation through a cross-linking reaction with a curing agent that makes the two-dimensional epoxy structure change to the three-dimensional network structure. These properties of cured epoxies all depend on the structures of curing agents and epoxy resin .Thermal properties differences between rigid rod tetramethyl biphenyl (TMBP) and flexible diglycidyl ethers of bisphenol A(DGEBA) epoxies were studied using modified differential scanning calorimeter (MDSC), thermogravimetric analyzer (TGA)and dynamic mechanical analyzer (DMA) techniques. These epoxies were cured with phthalic anhydride (PA) and phenolic resin (PF5110), respectively. The PF5110-cured epoxy has better thermal properties than the PA-cured epoxy with a higher glass transition temperature (Tg) and a higher decomposition temperature. The good thermal properties of the PF5110-cured epoxy are due to the rigid PF5110 structure on the cured epoxy. DGEBA epoxy has a higher decomposition temperature than the rigid rod epoxy when they are cured with PF5110. But, in the PA curing system, rigid rod epoxy has a better thermal stability. These two different results are due to the different structures of curing agents.Phenolic thermosetting materials were the first major plastic material used by industry. They are still among the most widely used thermosets because they are some of the lowest-cost engineering material on a cost-per-volume basis. Phenolics are formed from the condensation of polymerization reaction between phenol and formaldehyde. The condensation reaction for phenolics can be carried out under two different conditions, resulting in two different intermediate materials. One of the intermediates is called resoles and the other novolacs.In the earlier study about polymer network of phenolic and epoxies resins mixed with linseed oil, only Phencat 15was used as the catalyst for the phenolic resin. In this study, Phencat 382 and UH (a urea hydrochloride solution based on a 1:1 mole ratio of urea: hydrochloric acid 32%) will beused as catalysts to study their effects on the polymer network of phenolicand epoxy resins mixed with epoxidized linseed oil (ELO) (58%). The effect of each one of these catalysts on the curing and the properties of the formed network were investigated. It was discovered that Phencat 382was the best catalyst for the composites. Itwas also discovered that ELO can play its role as plasticiser in the blends of epoxy and phenolic resins and does improve the flexural strength and other mechanical properties of the prepared resins. The storage modulus, flexural modulus, stress at peak and glass transition temperature decreased with increasing percentage by weight of ELO added irrespective of the catalysts used, while the strain yield increased. The cross-link density decreased with the increasing amount of ELO in the resins. The best properties were obtained for the 80/20 epoxy/phenolic resin blends after post-curing for 4h.Imidazole with various molecular weights poly(ethylene glycol)s, including PEG1000, PEG2000, and PEG5000, was blended and evaluated as thermal latent catalysts for the polymerization of diglycidyl ether of bisphenol A (DGEBA) under liquid–liquid or liquid–solid two phase systems. The thermal latency and storage stability properties of DGEBA resin cured by 1–5 wt% of molecular weight imidazole/PEG complexes were measured by viscometer, differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), and TGA.Based on the viscosity–shear rate results, we found the 1–3 wt% amount of imidazole/PEGs showed the better thermal latency in the thermal polymerization system. From the cure activation energy and the viscosity–storage time of these complex catalysts, the order of thermally latent activity was imidazole/PEG1000 (2) > imidazole/PEG5000 (4) > imidazole/PEG2000 (3) > imidazole. Concerning the glass transition temperature (Tg), the use of imidazole/PEG complex catalysts providedcomplete or near complete curing systems in the temperature range about 150.8C.To get a better understanding of the curing process of multi-component thermosets differential scanning calorimetric (DSC) and temperature modulated DSC (TMDSC) measurements were performed during isothermal curing of semi-interpenetrating polymer networks (semi-IPNs) with amounts of 10 or 20 wt.% of linear polymer and of the corresponding pure networks at temperatures between 333 and 393 K. The network component consists of diglycidylether of bisphenol A (DGEBA) cross-linked with diaminodiphenyl methane (DDM) and the linear polymer component is polysulfone (PSn) or polyethersulfone (PES). The curing time dependence of conversion was estimated from time dependent heat flow measurements during isothermal curing. The curing kinetics is discussed in the framework of different models taking into account the catalytic effects and the influence of diffusion. A lower reaction rate was found in the semi-IPNs compared with the pure networks which is related to a decrease of the diffusion coefficient and/or the density of reacting units due to the linear polymer component. The final conversions were found to decrease with an increasing amount of the linear polymer component and with decreasing curing temperature which corresponds to less perfect network structures. The time evolution of the glass transition temperatures during isothermal curing was determined by the DSC and TMDSC. At the beginning of the reaction only one glass transition—indicating a one phase system—was found whereas at later stages of curing the two phase structure—consisting of a DGEBA/DDM-rich and a PSn-or PESrich phase—was indicated by two glass transition temperatures.The enhancement of the adhesive joint strength of the epoxy–amine system via the addition of a resole-type phenolic resin is investigated. Adhesive blends are formulated from a commercial epoxy and a synthesised resole-type phenolic resin. Phenolic contents are varied from 0% to 30%. The blends are characterized using Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) while the adhesive joint strength and the interfacial fracture toughness are studied for the adhesive blend/aluminium joint using single-lap shear and symmetrical and asymmetrical DCB specimens. It is found that the addition of resole improves the strength of the adhesive joint as well as its fracture toughness. The failure mode is found a function of the resole content. Resole contents less that 10% result in adhesive failure, while for resole contents of 20% and 30% the failure surfaces show adhesive and cohesive regions. The results allow concluding that the addition of resole-type phenolic resins constitutes an effective mean to enhance the adhesive properties of the epoxy–amine systems.Epoxy resins are extensively used in the formulation of adhesives and protective coatings due to their excellent attributes such as chemical resistance, dielectric and insulation properties, low shrinkage on cure, dimensional stability and fatigue resistance . The chemical compatibility of epoxy resins with a rather wide variety of polymers is also of great significance. A number of systems result from the blending of epoxy resins and polymeric modifiers such as nylon, phenolic resins and nitrile rubbers.The variety of chemical and mechanical properties that can be obtained from the combination of currently available epoxy resins and polymeric modifiers enables formulating epoxy-based adhesives and coatings to meet a wide range of specifications and usage criteria. The leading applications of the epoxy-based adhesives are in the field ofstructural metal bonding, particularly in the automotive and aerospace industry, in military equipment and in miscellaneous small-part assembly of plastics and metals.Phenolic modified epoxy resins produce one of the best high-temperature adhesives . On the other hand, epoxybased coatings are mainly used in plant maintenance, container coatings, appliance finishes, pipe coatings and trade sales paints. The most usual curing agents used for the formulation of epoxy-based coatings are amino compounds or formaldehyde condensates with phenols.The curing agents react with the hydroxyl groups of the epoxy backbone at elevated temperatures . The final performance of multicomponent materials and structures depends significantly on the quality of the interface between its components. The need to improve the performance of multicomponent materials and structures has led to significantly progress in the area of interfacial fracture mechanics . During the last few decades, a lot of works have been reported on the fracture of the metal/polymer interface. Most of them have been focused on the aluminium–epoxy interface . Epoxy–phenolic systems have been used for many years in industrial applications, with formulations containing a variety of fillers and additives along with various types of epoxy prepolymers and curing agents. Each formulation can result in a resin which exhibits specific properties. To the authors’ knowledge, there is no information about using the epoxy–amine–phenolic system as adhesive. It is the aim of this work to characterise the epoxy–amine–phenolic systems and to evaluate the adhesive joint strength and the interfacial fracture toughness of the polymer blend/aluminium joint.The formulation and mechanical characterization of adhesives based on epoxy–amine–phenolic blends have been presented in this work. The adhesive blends were formulated from a commercial epoxy and a synthesised resole-type phenolic resin with phenolic contents ranging from 0% to 30%. FTIR analyses allowed concluding that the epoxy reacts with the phenolic resin. The Young moduli of the blends diminished with the increment in the phenolic content, from 4.30MPa for 0% resole to 2.45 GPa for a resole content of 30%.ReferencesJ.M. Derkx a, A.M. Hoogstrate a, J.J. Saurwalt b, B. Karpuschewski.Form crush dressing of diamond grinding wheels.Manufacturing Technology,2008,349–352.X.-Z. Xie?, G.-Y. Chen, L.-J. Li.Dressing of resin-bonded superabrasive grinding wheels by means of acousto-optic Q-switched pulsed Nd:YAG laser.Optics & Laser Technology 36 (2004) 409 – 419.D. Herman , J. Markul.Influence of microstructures of binder and abrasive grain on selectedoperational properties of ceramic grinding wheels made of alumina.International Journal of Machine Tools & Manufacture 44 (2004) 511–522.T.Tanaka,Y.Isono.New development of a gringing wheel with resin cured by ultraviolet light.Journal of Materials processing Technology 113(2001) 385-391.S.Y. Luoa,,Y.C. Liua,C.C. Choub,T.C. Chenb.Performance of powderfilledresin-bonded diamond wheels in the vertical dry grinding of tungsten carbide.V olume 118, Issues 1–3, 3 December 2001, Pages 329–336.6.Shuang-Xi Wanga, Lin Genga, Xue-Jing Liub, Biao Gengb, Shi-Chao Niub.Manufacture of a new kind diamond grinding wheelwith Al-based bonding agent.journal of materials processing technology 2 0 9 ( 2 0 0 9 ) 1871–1876.Kehua Lia,b, Qiang Guoa*, Mingyao Liu b, Yanjun Zhaob, Dongli Shib.A Study on Pore-forming Agent in the Resin Bond Diamond Wheel Used for Silicon Wafer Back-grinding.Procedia Engineering 36 ( 2012 ) 322 – 328.Lisha Zhao, Zuosen Shi, Zhanchen Cui.Synthesis and characterization of the thermoplastic epoxy phenolic resin for second-order nonlinear optical materials.Materials Letters 78 (2012) 78–80..Wei-Fang Sua,*, Yin-Chung Leea, Wei-Ping Pan.Thermal properties of phthalic anhydride- and phenolic resin-cured rigid rod epoxy resins.Thermochimica Acta 392–393 (2002) 395–398.D. Herman , J. Markul.Influence of microstructures of binder and abrasive grain on selected operational properties of ceramic grinding wheels made of alumina.International Journal of Machine Tools & Manufacture 44 (2004) 511–522.J.-C. Munoza,b, H. Kua,b,?, F. Cardonaa,b, D. Rogers.Effects of catalysts and post-curing conditions in the polymer network of epoxy and phenolic resins:Preliminary results.journal of materials processing technology 2 0 2 ( 2 0 0 8 ) 486–492.12.Kun-Lung Chen b, Yun-Hwei Shen b, Mou-Yung Yeh c, Fung Fuh plexes of imidazole with poly(ethylene glycol)s as the thermal latencycatalysts for epoxy–phenolic resins.Journal of the Taiwan Institute of Chemical Engineers 43 (2012) 306–312.13.A. Sturiale, A. Va zquez, A. Cisilino, L.B. Manfredi.Enhancement of the adhesive joint strength of the epoxy–amine system via the addition of a resole-type phenolic resin.International Journal of Adhesion & Adhesives 27 (2007) 156–164.。
英语作文相互影响The Interplay of Influence.In the intricate tapestry of human existence, the threads of influence weave a complex pattern. We are constantly shaped and reshaped by the exchanges of ideas, emotions, and experiences with others. This essay explores the dynamics of mutual influence, examining how individuals, communities, and cultures influence each other in aconstant dance of give and take.The foundation of mutual influence is the recognition that we are not islands unto ourselves. Our actions, beliefs, and values are constantly interacting with thoseof others. This interaction can be subtle, such as the unconscious picking up of linguistic patterns or behavioral cues, or it can be explicit, such as in the sharing ofideas and opinions. The influence can flow in both directions, with each party shaping the other in a mutual exchange.At the individual level, mutual influence is evident in the formation of relationships. We influence each other's thoughts and behaviors through conversation, shared experiences, and emotional exchanges. A friend's enthusiasm for a new hobby might inspire us to try it, while our own skepticism might challenge their beliefs. In this way, our relationships become a dynamic dance of influence, with each of us learning and growing through the exchange.Communities are also shaped by mutual influence. Cultural norms, traditions, and values are constantly evolving as members of a community influence each other. For example, a new generation might introduce innovative ideas that challenge established practices, while older members might pass down wisdom accumulated through generations. This give-and-take of influence is crucial for the continued vitality and adaptability of any community.Globally, the influence is even more profound. The exchange of ideas, goods, and people across borders has led to the blending and emergence of new cultures andidentities. The influence of Western culture on global trends, such as technology and fashion, is matched by the influence of Eastern philosophies on Western thought. This mutual influence has led to a richer, more diverse world where diverse perspectives and experiences are celebrated.However, mutual influence is not always harmonious. Conflicts and misunderstandings arise when different perspectives and values clash. In such cases, it is crucial to approach the exchange with openness and respect, seeking to understand the other's perspective rather than simply asserting our own. Through such respectful exchanges, we can learn to bridge differences and create a more inclusive and understanding society.In conclusion, mutual influence is a fundamental aspect of human interaction. It shapes our thoughts, behaviors, and cultures, leading to a constant flux of change and growth. As we engage with others, we must recognize the power of our influence and strive to use it constructively, seeking to understand and respect diverse perspectives.Through such mutual influence, we can create a more interconnected, understanding, and vibrant world.。
The Effect of Temperature on ProteinConformationProteins are essential components of living organisms and are responsible for carrying out various cellular functions. They are composed of long chains of amino acids that are folded into intricate 3-dimensional structures. The specific shape of a protein, or its conformation, plays a critical role in its function. Temperature is one of the key factors that can influence protein conformation. In this article, we will explore the effect of temperature on protein conformation and how it impacts their function.Temperature-induced protein denaturationProtein denaturation is a process in which the protein loses its native conformation and unfolds into a linear or random coil structure. This process can be triggered by several factors, including pH, salts, mechanical stress, and temperature. Among these, temperature is the most commonly studied factor that can induce protein denaturation.When proteins are exposed to high temperatures, the thermal energy causes the bonds that hold the protein structure together to break. Hydrogen bonds, which are weaker than covalent bonds, are the first to be broken. As the temperature continues to rise, the more significant covalent bonds that hold the protein together begin to break, further destabilizing the structure. Ultimately, the protein loses its native conformation, and its function is impaired.The effect of temperature on protein stabilityThe stability of a protein refers to its ability to maintain its native conformation in the face of various environmental conditions, including temperature. The stability of a protein is influenced by several factors, including the amino acid sequence, solvent conditions, and the presence of ligands or cofactors. Temperature can disrupt the stability of a protein by altering its structure and causing it to denature.Proteins have a range of thermal stability that depends on their amino acid sequence and their specific structure. Generally, proteins that are stable at higher temperatures have a higher content of hydrophobic amino acids, which can help to stabilize the structure through hydrophobic interactions. In contrast, proteins that are stable at lower temperatures tend to have more polar amino acids and a lower content of hydrophobic amino acids.The temperature at which a protein denatures is known as its melting temperature or Tm. The Tm of a protein is influenced by its intrinsic stability as well as the specific conditions under which it is studied. For example, the pH, salt concentration, and presence of other molecules can all affect the Tm of a protein.The effect of temperature on protein functionThe specific conformation of a protein plays a critical role in its function. Therefore, changes in protein conformation due to temperature can have a significant impact on their function. The effect of temperature on protein function can vary depending on the specific protein and the conditions under which it is studied.Some proteins are more sensitive to changes in temperature than others. For example, enzymes, which catalyze chemical reactions in the cell, have a specific optimal temperature range at which they function best. Outside of this range, the reaction rate can slow down or even stop altogether due to changes in protein conformation.Other proteins, such as transporters and receptors, are also sensitive to changes in temperature. Changes in protein conformation due to temperature can affect the ability of these proteins to bind to their ligands and carry out their function.ConclusionIn conclusion, temperature has a significant impact on protein conformation. High temperatures can cause proteins to denature, while changes in temperature can alter their stability and affect their function. Understanding the effect of temperature on protein conformation and function is essential for designing experiments and developing new drugs and therapies that target specific proteins.。
技术应用/TechnologyApplication集输系统能耗反映了系统运行管理水平的高低，直接关系着油田的整体效益，是油田节能降耗工作的重点[1-2]。
受布局方式、原油物性和环境因素的影响，长期以来对于集输系统在一定条件下的能集输系统双管掺水工艺节能优化运行研究王磊（大庆油田有限责任公司第七采油厂）摘要：某区块采用双管掺水集油工艺流程，由于现场无法判断掺水参数与现场工况的关系，导致回液温度远高于原油凝点，造成能源浪费，超出了经济运行成本区间。
针对上述问题，利用Pipesim 软件实现工艺建模，分析了掺水参数与工艺热能损失、井口回压、回液温度、工艺压能损失及能耗损失占比等参数的定量关系，得到了符合现场调控的一般性规律，并通过建立目标函数和约束条件，利用萤火虫算法实现了掺水比和掺水温度的自动调控。
结果表明：掺水温度建议不超过75℃，掺水比不宜过高，现场调控应采用先调节掺水温度再调节掺水比的操作方式；随着掺水比和掺水温度的增加，单井运行费用存在最低值；经算法优化后，不同单井掺水比和掺水温度均有不同程度下降，预计每天可节约运行费用0.5万元～1万元。
关键词：集输系统；双管掺水；掺水温度；掺水比；萤火虫算法；节能优化DOI :10.3969/j.issn.2095-1493.2024.04.001Research on energy conservation and optimal operation of double-pipe water blend ⁃ing process in gathering and transportation system WANG LeiNo.7Oil Production Plant of Daqing Oilfield Co ．，Ltd ．Abstract：A block has been adopted double-pipe water blending and oil gathering process，and the relationship between water blending parameters and field conditions can not be judged on site，the re-turn liquid temperature is much higher than the freezing point of crude oil，resulting in energy waste and exceeding the economic operating cost range．In view of the above problems，the Pipesim soft-ware is used to realize process modeling．What's more，the quantitative relationship between water blending parameters and process heat loss，wellhead back pressure，liquid return temperature，process pressure energy loss and energy consumption loss ratio is analyzed，and the general rule of field regula-tion is obtained．In addition，by establishing objective function and constraint conditions，using firefly algorithm realizes the automatic control of water blending ratio and water blending temperature.The re-sults show that the water blending temperature should not exceed 75℃，and the water blending ratio should not be too high．The operation mode of regulating the water blending temperature first and then the water blending ratio should be adopted．With the increase of water blending ratio and temper-ature，the operating cost of a single well has the lowest value．After the algorithm optimization，the water blending ratio and water blending temperature of different single well are reduced to different de-grees，and it is estimated that the operating cost can be saved by 5000or 10000yuan per day.Keywords：gathering and transportation system；double-pipe water blending；water blending tem-perature；water blending ratio；firefly algorithm；energy conservation optimization作者简介：王磊，工程师，2013年毕业于东北石油大学（油气储运工程专业），从事地面工程项目前期运行管理工作，引文：王磊．集输系统双管掺水工艺节能优化运行研究[J]．石油石化节能与计量，2024，14（4）：1-5.WANG Lei．Research on energy conservation and optimal operation of double-pipe water blending process in gathering and transportation system[J]．Energy Conservation and Measurement in Petroleum &Petrochemical Industry，2024，14（4）：1-5.王磊：集输系统双管掺水工艺节能优化运行研究第14卷第4期（2024-04）耗水平应维持在一个什么范围还缺乏有效的判定标准，因此有必要开展集输系统能耗挖潜方面的研究。
小学上册英语第1单元期中试卷考试时间：90分钟（总分:110）B卷考试人：_________题号一二三四五总分得分一、综合题(共计100题共100分)1. 填空题：I love to cook ______ with my dad.2. 选择题：What is the largest organ in the human body?a. Heartb. Brainc. Skind. Liver答案:c3. 选择题：What is the name of the famous Italian city known for its canals?A. FlorenceB. VeniceC. RomeD. Milan答案: B4. 选择题：Which fruit is yellow and curved?A. AppleB. BananaC. OrangeD. Grape答案:B5. 听力题：Chemical processes can be influenced by ______ and temperature.6. 听力题：The chemical formula for potassium chloride is _______.What sport do you play with a bat and ball?A. FootballB. BaseballC. BasketballD. Tennis8. 填空题：I love my _____ (毛绒玩具) for cuddles.9. 听力题：His favorite movie is a ________.10. 听力题：The chemical symbol for zinc is _____.11. 选择题：Which of these is a farm animal?A. DogB. CowC. EagleD. Cat12. 选择题：What do we call the process of taking care of someone?A. NurturingB. NeglectingC. AbandoningD. Ignoring答案: A. Nurturing13. 选择题：What is the term for a baby pigeon?A. ChickB. SquabC. HatchlingD. Puff答案:B. Squab14. 听力题：My favorite subject is _____ (math/science).15. 填空题：I like to share my ____ with my friends. (玩具名称)What is 6 + 7?A. 12B. 13C. 14D. 15答案: B17. 选择题：What is the name of the famous landmark in the USA?A. Statue of LibertyB. Washington MonumentC. Golden Gate BridgeD. All of the above答案: D. All of the above18. 选择题：How many letters are in the word "apple"?A. FourB. FiveC. SixD. Seven19. 听力题：The dog is ___ (chasing) its tail.20. 听力题：An ant can carry objects many times its own ______.21. 选择题：What do we call the process of a caterpillar turning into a butterfly?A. MetamorphosisB. GerminationC. EvolutionD. Pollination答案:A22. 选择题：How many legs does a spider have?A. SixB. EightC. TenD. Four23. 听力题：The ______ loves to teach children.A mineral’s ______ refers to its shiny or dull appearance.25. 听力题：A _______ is made up of two or more different elements.26. 选择题：What do we celebrate on December 25th?A. HalloweenB. ThanksgivingC. ChristmasD. New Year27. 听力题：A _______ can be used to demonstrate the effects of gravity on different objects.28. 听力题：Chemical energy is stored in the _____ of molecules.29. 听力题：The chemical symbol for chlorine is _______.30. 填空题：My sister loves _______ (跳舞).31. 填空题：She is _______ (非常聪明).32. 选择题：What is the main ingredient in cereal?A. MilkB. GrainsC. SugarD. Fruit33. 选择题：What is the name of the famous desert in Africa?A. SaharaB. GobiC. MojaveD. Atacama34. 填空题：The ________ was a prominent figure in the fight for justice.I want to learn how to ________ (编织).36. 选择题：What do we call the time when the sun is highest in the sky?A. DawnB. NoonC. DuskD. Midnight答案: B. Noon37. 听力题：The process of photosynthesis converts sunlight into __________.38. (88) is a famous mountain in Japan. 填空题：The ____39. 选择题：What do we call the main meal of the day?A. BreakfastB. LunchC. DinnerD. Snack答案:C40. 填空题：We made a fort out of ______.41. 选择题：What do we call a baby cat?A. KittenB. PuppyC. CubD. Foal答案:A42. 听力题：The _______ can be a source of food for many cultures.43. 填空题：The _____ (gardenia) has a sweet fragrance.44. 听力题：The chameleon blends into its _____.Acids taste ______.46. 填空题：I love building with my ________ (乐高) sets every weekend.47. 选择题：What do we call the movement of the earth around the sun?A. RotationB. RevolutionC. OrbitD. Spin48. 填空题：My dad works in _______.49. 选择题：What is the capital of Russia?A. MoscowB. St. PetersburgC. KievD. Minsk50. 填空题：I saw a raccoon in the _________. (垃圾桶)51. 填空题：I love to ______ (与朋友一起) study.52. 选择题：Which of these is a type of fish?A. EagleB. SalmonC. LizardD. Mouse答案: B53. 填空题：I have a toy _______ that makes funny sounds.54. 听力题：Astronomical observations have been made for thousands of ______.55. 选择题：What is the capital of Russia?A. MoscowB. St. PetersburgC. KazanD. Vladivostok答案:A56. 填空题：The trees in the _______ provide shade and a peaceful place to sit.57. 听力题：Heat can cause a substance to ______.58. 填空题：A hedgehog curls into a _______ when scared.59. 填空题：The walrus has long _________ (獠牙).60. 填空题：The _____ (猴子) swings from tree to tree.61. 听力题：I put my _____ (toys/books) away.62. 选择题：What is the name of the toy that you can pull apart and put back together?A. PuzzleB. LegoC. Action FigureD. Doll答案:B63. 选择题：What do you wear on your head?A. ShoesB. ShirtC. HatD. Pants答案:C64. 听力题：He is very ___. (tall)65. 填空题：We had a _________ (玩具交换) at school, and I got a new _________ (玩具).66. 听力题：Oxygen is necessary for ________.67. 选择题：In which direction does the sun rise?A. WestB. SouthC. EastD. North答案:C68. 填空题：My brother is always __________ (积极的) even when things are tough.69. 填空题：The garden is ________ (美丽).70. 填空题：A vulture plays an important role in cleaning up ________________ (环境).71. 听力题：The _______ point is the temperature at which a liquid turns to a gas.72. 填空题：My favorite stuffed animal is a ________ (小熊), and I hug it every night when I go to ________ (睡觉).73. 填空题：The __________ (历史的成就展示) celebrate human ingenuity.74. 听力题：The chemical symbol for antimony is ______.75. 选择题：What is the name of the famous monument in Washington, D. C. ?A. Lincoln MemorialB. Washington MonumentC. Jefferson MemorialD. White House76. 选择题：What is the capital of Russia?A. MoscowB. St. PetersburgC. KievD. Warsaw77. 听力题：My aunt enjoys baking ____ (pies).78. 填空题：I will visit my ________ (祖父母) this weekend.79. 填空题：The tiger roars loudly in the _________ (丛林).80. 填空题：I will _______ (去) the store later.81. 选择题：Which fruit is known for being tropical?A. AppleB. BananaC. CherryD. Strawberry答案:B82. 听力题：A reaction that produces energy is called an ______ reaction.83. 选择题：Which of these is a primary color?A. GreenB. PurpleC. RedD. Orange答案:C84. 填空题：The _______ (Fall of the Roman Empire) was caused by various internal and external factors.85. 听力题：The _____ is the closest star to Earth.86. 填空题：The _____ (小火车) goes round and round.87. 听力题：The girl sings very ________.88. 听力题：The main component of fertilizers is _____.89. 选择题：Which animal is known as man's best friend?A. CatB. DogC. HorseD. Fish答案:B90. 选择题：What do we call the process of making something from raw materials?A. ProductionB. ManufacturingC. CreationD. Construction答案: B91. 选择题：What do we call the sound a sheep makes?A. MooB. QuackC. BaaD. Neigh答案:C92. 听力题：The first President of the United States was _______ Washington.93. 填空题：The blue jay is a striking ________________ (鸟).94. 听力题：She has a ___ (big/small) dog.95. 填空题：The city of Istanbul is located in ________ (伊斯坦布尔位于________).96. 选择题：What is the capital of Bolivia?A. SucreB. La PazC. Santa CruzD. Cochabamba97. 选择题：What do you call a baby cat?小猫叫什么？A. PuppyB. KittenC. CubD. Chick答案: B98. 听力题：In chemistry, a spectrometer is used to analyze _____.99. 听力题：Birds lay ______ in nests.100. 填空题：I enjoy ______ (与同龄人合作) on projects.。
中西文化对我们的日常生活的影响英语作文全文共6篇示例，供读者参考篇1How Chinese and Western Cultures Influence Our Daily LivesHi friends! Today I want to talk about how the cultures of China and the West affect our everyday lives. Culture is all the stuff that makes up how a group of people live, like their food, holidays, beliefs, and way of doing things. China and Western countries like the USA have very different cultures that impact us in big and little ways every single day!Let's start by talking about food. Yum, my favorite subject! The foods we eat are a huge part of culture. My family's culture is Chinese, so we eat a lot of yummy Chinese dishes like dumplings, noodles, rice, and stir-fries with veggies and meat. The cooking styles and spices we use come from ancient Chinese traditions. But we also eat plenty of Western-style foods too like hamburgers, pizza, sandwiches, and fries. Those dishes originated in Western cultures. Sometimes we even mix it up and have an Asian-fusion burger with ginger and teriyaki sauce!Having foods from different cultures is tasty and also helps us appreciate the diversity around us.Another way cultures influence our lives is through holidays and celebrations. My family celebrates major Chinese holidays like Chinese New Year and the Mid-Autumn Festival. We decorate with lanterns and red decorations, give money in red envelopes, watch lion dances, and eat special foods like nian gao and mooncakes. At the same time, we also celebrate American holidays like Christmas, Easter, Thanksgiving and Independence Day. We put up Christmas trees, dye eggs, eat turkey and watch fireworks on the 4th of July. Having celebrations from both Chinese and American cultures makes for an amazing double dose of fun traditions all year round!Our beliefs, values and daily practices are also heavily shaped by culture. In the Chinese culture, values like respecting your elders, working hard, getting a good education and staying close with family are very important. Western cultures tend to emphasize things like individuality, freedom of choice and speaking your mind. At my house, we try to balance both perspectives - my parents want me to study hard and go to university, but they also let me make my own decisions and express myself freely. Our morning routines are influenced byEastern and Western traditions too - we might eat congee (rice porridge) for breakfast but drink milk and eat cereal like Westerners do. And we say grace before meals sometimes but also use chopsticks. It's a interesting blend of cultural elements!Cultures impact how we dress, entertain ourselves, and decorate our homes too. For celebrations or special events, my parents wear traditional Chinese outfits like qipao dresses or changshan robes with beautiful silk and embroidery. But for everyday, we usually wear casual Western styles of jeans, t-shirts and sneakers. As for entertainment, we watch Asian movies, American movies, play video games and read books from all over the world. Our house has both Western-style couches and coffee tables, but also red Chinese lanterns and a small Buddhist altar for prayers. I even have stuffed animals of the 12 zodiac animals from the Chinese calendar! Blending Eastern and Western decor, entertainment and fashions together makes everything more vibrant and rich.Overall, I feel very lucky that I get to experience the customs and traditions of multiple cultures on a daily basis. From the foods we eat to the holidays we celebrate to our core values and beyond - Chinese and Western cultural influences shape my life in so many fascinating ways. Learning about different culturesmakes me appreciate the diversity of the world we live in. It also helps me understand different perspectives and be moreopen-minded towards how other people live their lives. After all, variety is the spice of life! Blending various cultural elements together makes for a richer, more flavorful experience.篇2The Blend of Cultures in Our LivesHave you ever wondered why we eat different foods, wear different clothes, and do different things compared to kids in other countries? It's because of our cultures – the mix of Chinese and Western ways that shape so much of how we live each day.Let's start with food, one of my favorite subjects! A lot of the dishes we eat come from Chinese culture that goes way back in history. Things like rice, noodles, dumplings, and stir-fries have been around for hundreds and hundreds of years in China. But we also eat plenty of Western-style foods like hamburgers, pizza, sandwiches, and pasta too. My grandparents mostly stuck to traditional Chinese recipes, but my parents and I are used to cooking and eating all sorts of foods from both East and West.Our clothes show the blend of cultures too. Lots of us wear t-shirts, jeans, sneakers and other casual Western-style outfitsfor school or just hanging out. But for special holidays and celebrations, we might put on traditional Chinese clothes like a qi pao dress or a tang suit with intricate designs and bright colors. I feel proud getting dressed up to honor my Chinese heritage, but I'm also really comfortable in a t-shirt and jeans like kids in America or Europe.The mixing of cultures impacts our homes in interesting ways as well. A classic Chinese household has a portrait of ancestors, a bamboo plant for good luck, and maybe even a tiny Buddhist shrine. We've updated some of those traditions though – you might find a PlayStation or Xbox right next to the bamboo plant! And while homes used to have only Chinese furnishings, now it's normal to have a blend of pieces, like a Western-style sofa along with a traditional low Chinese table.You can see the joining of East and West at school too. We still learn principles from ancient Chinese philosophies about working hard, respecting elders, and valuing education. But we also get taught about individualism, creative thinking, and speaking up – ideas from Western cultures. Instead of just memorizing like the old days, our classes involve projects, group work, and sharing our own thoughts out loud.Entertainment shows the cultural mix in a really fun way. We're huge fans of Chinese martial arts movies with all the kicks, flips and choreographed fight scenes. But we also go crazy for big Hollywood superhero and action blockbusters with awesome special effects. My grandpa likes watching the traditional Beijing Opera plays, while I'm more into streaming the latest Korean drama or American cartoon series. There's so much cool stuff to watch and listen to from every culture!Our holiday celebrations combine traditions from around the world too. Of course, we go all-out for Chinese New Year with decorations, firecrackers, family reunions and giving out red envelopes. Chinese Valentine's Day has its own customs like eating special candies and exchanging handwritten letters. But we also get really excited for Western holidays like Christmas with bright lights, gift-giving and Santa Claus. My friends and I love Halloween too – what's more fun than dressing up and trick-or-treating?!When you look around, you can see how united our world really is. Western ideas and customs have definitely influenced how we think and what we do. But our core Chinese values of family, respect, and education remain a huge part of who we are.I feel lucky to experience the best of both East and West eachand every day. It makes me appreciate the diversity of cultures while still hanging on to my own treasured traditions. Our blended lifestyle is the way of the future!篇3The Awesome Mix of Cultures Around UsHi there! My name is Jamie and I'm a 5th grader. Today, I want to tell you all about the really cool mix of cultures we get to experience every single day. It's like having a massive awesome sandbox to play in, but instead of sand, it's filled with all the fun stuff from different societies around the world!Let's start with something simple that I'm sure you're familiar with - food! My family is from China originally, so at home we eat lots of tasty dishes like dumplings, noodles, and stir-fries. But you know what? A lot of my favorite foods actually come from Western cultures too! I'm totally obsessed with pizza, hamburgers, pasta, and cookies. Eating all these yummy things from both the East and West is like getting two desserts instead of one!Speaking of desserts, how about clothes and fashion? Have you seen some of the wild outfits musicians and movie stars wear on the red carpet? Those are inspired by all sorts of culturalstyles and trends, mixing together things like traditional Chinese silk dresses with ripped jeans and sneakers from American street fashion. It's just the coolest combo! Even at my school, you can spot kids wearing t-shirts with English logos or Japanese anime characters. The cultures are blending right on our backs!Then there's entertainment - movies, TV shows, music, books, you name it. I'm a huge fan of American superheroes like Spider-Man and the Avengers. But I also love reading manga (Japanese comic books) and watching the latest Korean drama series with my Mom. There's this awesome K-pop band called BTS that everyone at school is currently going crazy over. My cousin is really into Bollywood dance movies from India too. With the internet, we get this mega smash-up of entertainment from every corner of the globe!In my opinion, one of the sweetest blends of cultures happens with holidays and celebrations. Living in a diverse community, I get to experience so many of them throughout the year! There's Christmas with Santa and presents (from the West), Chinese New Year with red envelopes and lion dances (from the East), Diwali with beautiful lamps and fireworks (from India), and even Dia de los Muertos with sugar skulls (from Mexico). They'reall so bright, colorful and exciting. I feel like I get to be part of multiple awesome parties!But you know what I think is most amazing? The way all these cultures influence and mix into each other. Like, Buddhism originally came from ancient India, but now there are also Buddhist temples in China and other parts of Asia that follow their own traditions too. Or how about yoga? That's an Indian practice that became a global phenomenon loved byhealth-conscious people from every background. Holidays get blended as well - in America, a lot of people put up Christmas trees but also hang Chinese lanterns as decorations. It's all connected in such a rad way!To me, having all these cultures in our lives makes things way more interesting and fun. Why just be exposed to one culture when you can experience the best from around the whole world? It's kind of like being a sculptor, but instead of molding clay, you can mix together the coolest aspects of every society on Earth to create your own unique blend. How amazing is that?!I'll give you an example from my own life: My Chinese grandparents taught me theimportance of studying hard and getting a good education, because that's a major value in their culture. But I also really look up to superheroes like CaptainAmerica, who embody Western ideals like courage, justice and protecting the innocent. So I try to combine both cultural influences - I work tremendously hard on my academics, but I also make sure to always stand up for what's right. That mix is going to make me an awesome interdimensional superhero when I grow up!In conclusion, Eastern and Western cultures constantly intersecting and blending in our daily lives makes the world roughly 827% more fun, enriching and exciting. We're so lucky to be exposed to the best from every direction. Instead of just being stuck in one tiny cultural sandbox, we get to build our experiences from the biggest sandboxes of all! How cool is that? Now if you'll excuse me, I have to go listen to some J-pop and eat a burrito. It's just another day of living la vida multicultural!篇4The Influence of Chinese and Western Cultures on Our Daily LivesHi everyone! Today I want to talk about how Chinese and Western cultures impact our everyday lives. It's really interesting to see all the different ways these two great civilizations have shaped the world we live in. From what we eat for breakfast tohow we celebrate holidays, you can find examples of cultural influences all around you. Let me give you some examples!Let's start with food, because that's one of my favorite topics!A lot of the dishes we eat have their roots in either Chinese or Western cooking traditions. Like for breakfast, lots of kids my age love eating cereals like Corn Flakes or Rice Krispies. Those actually came from Western countries. But if you prefer having congee or fried dough sticks in the morning, those are classic Chinese breakfasts.For lunch and dinner, Western foods like hamburgers, pizza, and pasta are super popular. But we also have lots of amazing Chinese options like dumplings, noodles, and stir-fries. Sometimes you even get dishes that blend the two cultures, like kung pao chicken or beef and broccoli! There's so much delicious variety.Our clothes are another area where you can see cultural influences. Fashions from the West like jeans, t-shirts, and sneakers are worn by kids and adults all over the world now. At the same time, traditional Chinese styles like qipao dresses, Tang suit tops, and silk accessories are still very trendy. Lots of modern clothes even mix elements from both sides, like Chinese embroidery on hoodies or East Asian floral prints onWestern-style dresses. It's cool to have so many options to express your personal style.Speaking of personal style, our hairstyles and beauty practices show more examples of cultural fusion happening. Kids with straight hair might get perms to add curls and waves, which was a bigger thing in the West originally. But starting around third or fourth grade, some girls also start putting their hair up in braids, buns, or other updos which come from Chinese traditions. Makeup trends go back and forth between bolder Western looks and more subtle East Asian aesthetics too. However you want to look is A-OK!Moving on to entertainment and activities, there's a crazy mix of cultural influences here as well. Sports-wise, kids in China love basketball which was invented in the West, but they're also really into ancient Chinese games like diavolo and jianzi. For hobbies, painting, drawing, and crafting have long histories in both China and Western nations. Music is another passion that brings cultures together, with orchestras playing European symphonies and concertos alongside traditional Chinese opera and folk tunes. Video games, movies, TV shows, books, you name it - they all draw inspiration from multiple cultural wellsprings these days.Holidays are yet another area where you can really see the mashup of East and West. Kids in China celebrate their traditional festivals like Chinese New Year, Mid-Autumn Festival, and Dragon Boat Festival. But a lot of families also get into Western holidays like Christmas, Halloween, and Valentine's Day too! The celebrations often combine different customs, like eating turkey and hanging Christmas stockings but also giving out red envelopes and decorating with lanterns. There's always an exciting fusion of traditions to experience.Finally, our language shows the blending of cultures in really interesting ways. These days, lots of Chinese people study English and learn to speak, read, and write it along with their native tongues. You'll hear English words and phrases get used all the time, like "OK," "hipster," "high-five," and so on. But on the flip side, English has also absorbed tons of Chinese terms for things like food dishes, martial arts, and even philosophies like feng shui and yin-yang. Pretty much every language is enriched by taking in vocabulary from other cultures.Well, those are some of the key areas where I see Eastern and Western cultural influences coming together in our modern lives. From the clothes we wear to the holidays we celebrate to the languages we speak, it's truly a rich cross-pollination oftraditions and customs. I feel so lucky to be exposed to both my Chinese heritage and global influences. It makes life more vibrant, interesting, and open-minded.I hope you found these examples interesting and insightful! Learning about diverse cultures helps us understand each other better and appreciate the awesome diversity of human experience. The world is such an infinitely fascinating place. Let's keep exploring it together!篇5The Influence of Chinese and Western Cultures on Our Daily LivesHi everyone! My name is Amy and I'm 10 years old. Today I want to talk to you about how Chinese culture and Western culture impact our daily lives. It's a really interesting topic that affects pretty much everything we do.Let's start by talking about Chinese culture. Chinese culture is over 5,000 years old – that's super ancient! A lot of the traditions and customs we practice today have their roots way back then. One example is the Spring Festival, which is the most important celebration in Chinese culture. Every year, my whole family gets together to watch the CCTV Spring Festival Gala, eatdumplings and set off firecrackers. We decorate our home with red lanterns and give out red envelopes with money inside. All these traditions come from ancient Chinese philosophies and folklore.Another way Chinese culture influences us is through traditional Chinese medicine. My grandma always makes me drink herbal soup when I'm sick instead of taking Western medicine. She believes the natural herbs and ingredients can heal my body better. We also practice traditions like acupuncture and qi gong exercises based on the principles of yin and yang. Even martial arts like kung fu originate from ancient Chinese philosophies about the flow of energy.Of course, Chinese food is a huge part of our culture too. My favorite dishes are dumplings, noodles, and Peking duck. But Chinese food isn't just about the taste – there are a lot of cultural elements involved too. Like, we always eat long noodles on our birthdays because it symbolizes longevity. And we can never stick our chopsticks straight up in our rice because that resembles the incense sticks we put in front of ancestors' graves.Now let's switch over to Western culture. Western culture has been around for a long time too, but it's not quite as ancient as Chinese culture. A lot of Western traditions and philosophiescome from places like Ancient Greece, Rome, and Europe. For example, we learn about democracy and principles of government from the Ancient Greeks. The Romans gave us things like aqueducts and roads. And during the Renaissance, there was an explosion of art, science and culture across Europe.One of the biggest ways Western culture impacts us today is through holidays and celebrations. Pretty much every kid loves Christmas – putting up trees, hanging stockings, singing carols and waiting for Santa Claus. That's a Western tradition that comes from European folklore. We also celebrate Western holidays like Thanksgiving, Easter, Valentine's Day and Halloween. My personal favorite is Halloween because I love dressing up as a witch or vampire and going trick-or-treating!School is another area where we see a huge Western influence. Our whole education system of grades, semesters, summer vacations and extracurricular activities comes from the Western world. We learn core subjects like math, science, English and social studies according to a very Western-style curriculum. Even the way our classrooms are set up, with individual desks and decorations on the wall, has Western roots. At recess, we play Western games like basketball, soccer and dodgeball.Entertainment is also largely influenced by Western culture nowadays. My friends and I are obsessed with things like Hollywood movies, Western pop music, video games and American TV shows. Some of my favorite movies are from the Marvel and Star Wars franchises. We play games like Fortnite and Roblox online with friends. And we're always trying to keep up with the latest dances that come from music videos by artists like Taylor Swift and BTS.When it comes to food, Western cuisine has been totally integrated into our lives as well. I don't know any kid who doesn't love things like french fries, hamburgers, pizza, pasta, tacos and ice cream! Sometimes my parents will take me to Western-style bakeries and I'll get a big slice of chocolate cake or cheesecake. Western food is everywhere, from the big golden arches of McDonald's to the neighbourhood pizza place.As you can see, both Chinese culture and Western culture play a massive role in shaping our modern way of life. The clothes we wear, the games we play, the food we eat, the holidays we celebrate – so much of it blends traditions from the East and West. In my opinion, that's what makes our society today so unique and dynamic. We get to experience the best of both ancient civilizations that have tremendously rich histories.While some aspects of both cultures conflict with each other, I think it's incredible how we've been able to merge them together into our daily routines. We truly live in a globalized world where we can experience cultural diversity every single day. As I've gotten older, I've gained a much deeper appreciation for the significance of culture on literally every part of my life. Both the 5,000-year-old teachings of my Chinese ancestors and the philosophical wisdom from the Western world have shaped who I am.I feel very fortunate to have been raised with an awareness of my cultural roots, yet also with an openness to learn about cultures around the world. Experiencing the traditions, philosophies, arts, entertainment and foods of multiple civilizations has made me a more curious, open-minded and culturally-sensitive person. In the future, I hope to travel the globe and keep exploring the rich tapestry of cultures that make up our beautiful world.篇6Sure, here's a 2000 word essay on "The Influence of Chinese and Western Cultures on Our Daily Life" written in the style of a primary school student:The Influence of Chinese and Western Cultures on Our Daily LifeHi everyone! My name is Jack, and I'm a student in primary school. Today, I want to talk to you about how Chinese and Western cultures affect our daily lives. It's a really interesting topic, and I've learned a lot from studying it!First, let's talk about Chinese culture. Chinese culture is really old, like over 5,000 years old! That's way older than my grandparents! One way Chinese culture affects our daily lives is through the food we eat. Think about it – dishes like dumplings, noodles, and fried rice are all from Chinese culture. Yum, I love dumplings!Another way Chinese culture influences us is through festivals and celebrations. Have you ever celebrated Chinese New Year? It's a huge festival where we get to eat lots of delicious food, watch fireworks, and get red envelopes with money inside! My favorite part is the dragon dances. The dragons look so cool and colorful.Speaking of colors, did you know that in Chinese culture, different colors have different meanings? For example, red is considered a lucky color, while white is often worn at funerals. Isn't that interesting? My mom always makes sure to wear redunderwear on important days like exams or job interviews for good luck!Now let's move on to Western culture. Western culture comes from countries like the United States, the United Kingdom, France, and many others. One big way Western culture affects us is through the clothes we wear. Jeans, t-shirts, and sneakers are all examples of Western-style clothing that we wear every day.Western culture has also influenced the music and movies we enjoy. Have you ever watched a Disney movie or listened to pop music? Those are from Western culture! My favorite Disney movie is "Frozen," and I love singing along to the songs.Another way Western culture has impacted our daily lives is through technology. Smartphones, computers, and the internet all came from Western countries. Can you imagine life without your tablet or video games? I sure can't!Of course, Chinese and Western cultures have also blended together in many ways. For example, some of my favorite foods, like fortune cookies and chop suey, are actually a mix of Chinese and Western influences. And some of the cartoons and TV shows I watch, like "Kung Fu Panda" and "Avatar: The Last Airbender," combine elements from both cultures.Overall, I think it's amazing how much Chinese and Western cultures have shaped our daily lives. From the food we eat to the clothes we wear, the festivals we celebrate to the technology we use, these two cultures have left a huge mark on the world we live in.I feel really lucky to be able to experience and learn about both Chinese and Western cultures. It's like getting the best of both worlds! And who knows, maybe one day I'll even get to visit some of the countries where these cultures originated.Well, that's all I have to say for now. I hope you found this essay interesting and learned something new about how Chinese and Western cultures influence our daily lives. And remember, no matter what culture you come from, we're all part of one big human family. So let's celebrate our differences and learn from each other!。
八年级下册初二第二单元作文英语全文共3篇示例，供读者参考篇1The Second Unit - Reflections on Culture and IdentityAs I delved into the second unit of our 8th grade English textbook, I found myself captivated by the intricate tapestry of culture and identity woven throughout its pages. This unit served as a profound exploration of the multifaceted dimensions that shape our sense of self, challenging me to ponder the complexities of what it means to belong.One of the first lessons that resonated with me was the concept of cultural identity. Through engaging texts and thought-provoking discussions, I gained a deeper appreciation for the rich diversity that exists within and across communities. I learned that culture is not merely a collection of traditions or customs, but a living, breathing entity that evolves and adapts over time.The unit introduced me to the idea of acculturation, a process where individuals adopt aspects of a new culture while simultaneously retaining elements of their heritage. This notionstruck a chord with me, as I recognized the intricate dance many of us perform in navigating multiple cultural spheres. Whether it's the fusion of languages, the blending of culinary delights, or the amalgamation of artistic expressions, I marveled at how cultures intermingle and influence one another, creating a tapestry of shared experiences.Another pivotal lesson centered around the concept of individual identity. I was encouraged to explore the various facets that contribute to my unique sense of self, such as my values, beliefs, and life experiences. It was a humbling realization that identity is not a static construct, but rather a dynamic journey shaped by the people we encounter, the choices we make, and the environments we inhabit.One of the most impactful exercises was the personal narrative assignment, where we were tasked with crafting a compelling story that showcased an aspect of our cultural or individual identity. As I poured over drafts, meticulously selecting words and phrases that captured the essence of my experiences, I gained a newfound appreciation for the power of storytelling in preserving and sharing our identities.Beyond the theoretical discussions, our unit also delved into the practical applications of cultural awareness and sensitivity.We explored case studies and real-life scenarios that highlighted the importance of respecting and embracing diversity in our increasingly interconnected world. From navigatingcross-cultural communication to appreciating the richness of different perspectives, I learned invaluable lessons that will undoubtedly shape my interactions and relationships in the years to come.One particularly thought-provoking lesson revolved around the concept of cultural appropriation. We grappled with the complexities of borrowing elements from other cultures, discussing the fine line between appreciation and exploitation. This discourse challenged me to think critically about the impact of my actions and the responsibility we all bear in preserving the integrity and sanctity of cultural expressions.As the unit drew to a close, I found myself reflecting on the profound impact it had on my worldview. I realized that culture and identity are not merely abstract concepts confined to the pages of a textbook, but living, breathing realities that shape our everyday experiences. The lessons I've learned have instilled in me a deep sense of respect and curiosity for the tapestry of diversity that surrounds us.Moving forward, I am committed to embracing my cultural heritage while remaining篇2A New Chapter BeginsAs I entered the classroom for the first English lesson of the second semester of 8th grade, I couldn't help but feel a mix of excitement and trepidation. The first semester had been a whirlwind of new grammar concepts, vocabulary lists, and writing exercises, but I knew that this next unit would bring even greater challenges.Mrs. Roberts, our experienced English teacher, greeted us with her usual warm smile as we took our seats. "Welcome back, everyone," she said. "I hope you all had a restful break and are ready to dive into the next unit. This time, we'll be exploring the world of narrative writing."A collective murmur rippled through the class. Narrative writing? That sounded both intriguing and daunting. I had always enjoyed reading stories, losing myself in the rich tapestry of characters and plots, but the idea of crafting my own narratives filled me with a sense of uncertainty."I know some of you may be feeling a bit apprehensive," Mrs. Roberts continued, as if reading our minds. "But trust me, with the right guidance and practice, you'll all become master storytellers in no time."She then proceeded to outline the unit's objectives, which included studying various storytelling techniques, analyzing exemplary narratives, and, of course, writing our own original stories. My palms grew a little sweaty at the thought of sharing my creative work with the class, but I knew that this was an opportunity for growth, both as a writer and as an individual.Over the next few weeks, we delved into the intricacies of narrative writing. We learned about the importance of awell-crafted plot, the art of character development, and the power of descriptive language to transport readers into the heart of a story. Mrs. Roberts introduced us to literary devices like foreshadowing, symbolism, and figurative language, tools that could elevate our writing to new heights.Each lesson was a revelation, as we dissected celebrated works of fiction and explored the techniques employed by masterful authors. I found myself drawn into the rich tapestries they wove, marveling at how a simple turn of phrase could evokevivid emotions or paint a picture so vivid, it seemed to leap off the page.But it wasn't just about analyzing the works of others; we were also tasked with putting our newly acquired skills into practice. Mrs. Roberts assigned us various writing prompts, challenging us to craft short narratives that incorporated the techniques we had learned. At first, the blank page seemed like an insurmountable obstacle, but as I let my imagination run wild, the words began to flow.I wrote about a young girl's journey through a magical forest, where talking animals and enchanted trees came to life. I crafted a suspenseful tale of a group of friends investigating a mysterious disappearance in their small town. With each story, I experimented with different literary devices, trying to find my own unique voice as a writer.Sharing our work with the class was both exhilarating and nerve-wracking. As my classmates read their narratives aloud, I was transported to fantastical worlds and emotionally charged experiences. Some stories were humorous, others poignant, but all of them showcased the boundless creativity of my篇3My Journey Through Unit 2When we started the second unit of our 8th grade English textbook this semester, I have to admit I wasn't very excited. The topic was "Environmental Protection" and I kind of groaned inwardly. I figured it would just be a bunch of lectures about recycling and not littering. Boring!Boy, was I wrong. This unit turned out to be a totaleye-opener for me. It went so far beyond just the basics of environmental issues that I'm almost embarrassed about my initial attitude. The readings, videos, discussions and activities really made me think in a whole new way about our planet and the risks it's facing.The first part of the unit was on climate change and greenhouse gas emissions. We learned all about things like deforestation, fossil fuels, carbon footprints, and the greenhouse effect. It was mind-blowing to me how much temperature increases from climate change, even if they seem small, could lead to things like rising sea levels, extreme weather, droughts, and animal species becoming endangered or extinct. Suddenly just reducing waste didn't seem like enough.Then we moved on to studying things like air and water pollution. The descriptions and images of smog, acid rain, oilspills, and contaminated drinking water were pretty horrifying. It made me realize how fortunate I am to live in a place with generally good air quality and clean water sources. The facts about the health impacts on humans were especially scary - things like increased cancer risk, respiratory problems, neurological damage and more. No thanks!After that, we looked at the problems of overpopulation, unsustainable development, and diminishing natural resources like forests, fossil fuels, and freshwater supplies. This was the unit that really punched me in the gut. The statistics on rainforest clearing, species extinction, and projections about how soon we'll deplete many essential resources if we don't change our ways were staggering. How can we continue on this path of destruction? It's not just about caring for the environment, it's about whether our children and grandchildren will have a habitable planet in the future.The last section of the unit dealt with possible solutions - things like renewable energy, sustainable agriculture, recycling, conservation efforts and more. While it was overwhelming thinking about the scale of the problems, at least this part gave me some hope. If we make real commitments as individuals, communities and nations, we can start turning things around.We have alternatives to fossil fuels, efficient technology, smarter urban planning and more sustainable practices in areas like forestry, fishing and farming.What really drove it home for me were the personal stories and first-hand accounts we read from people affected by environmental crises. A teenage girl's story about having to walk miles to get contaminated water that made her family sick. A farmer's recollections of drought, crops failing and having to abandon his land. Heart-wrenching images of animals trapped in plastic and oil spills. It's one thing to look at data and statistics, but these accounts forced me to really connect with the human suffering caused by environmental damage.So by the end of this unit, I have to say my perspective has completely shifted. What started as a topic I expected to be dull and depressing actually became a wake-up call that has me feeling motivated and even a bit revolutionary! I can't just sit back and let horrible things happen to our planet and to people all over the world.I've already started making changes in my own habits - from the simple things like reducing waste and conservingenergy/water, to bigger commitments like eating less meat, thrifting/re-using items when possible instead of buying new,and even researching Environmental Science college programs for the future. I'm also trying to get my friends and family on board by sharing facts, websites, videos and other resources from this unit with them.My biggest takeaway though is just how IMPORTANT it is for my generation to get informed, get active and get loud about environmental protection. We have to put pressure on leaders, companies, and governments to change policies in big ways. We have to keep this issue at the forefront instead of allowing fatigue and complacency to set in. We have to be the change we want to see in the world. The future - quite literally - depends on it.I can't thank my English teacher enough for making this unit so engaging, eye-opening and powerful. It went way beyond just teaching some vocabulary words and grammar points. This is information and awareness that could truly change the trajectory for our planet if it inspires action. I know I'll remember this unit for the rest of my life. In fact, I'm pretty sure it has set me on a path to making environmental advocacy a major part of my future goals and passions. Keep it up teachers - you truly do have the power to shape the next generation of leaders, thinkers and activists through education like this.。
纳米二氧化硅对成核、结晶和热塑性能的影响外文文献翻译(含：英文原文及中文译文)文献出处：Laoutid F, Estrada E, Michell R M, et al. The influence of nanosilica on the nucleation, crystallization andtensile properties of PP–PC and PP–PA blends[J]. Polymer, 2013, 54(15):3982-3993.英文原文The influence of nanosilica on the nucleation, crystallization andtensileproperties of PP–PC and PP–PA blendsLaoutid F, Estrada E, Michell R M, et alAbstractImmiscible blends of 80 wt% polypropylene (PP) with 20 wt% polyamide (PA) or polycarbonate (PC) were prepared by melt mixing with or without the addition of 5% nanosilica. The nanosilica produced a strong reduction of the disperse phase droplet size, because of its preferential placement at the interface, as demonstrated by TEM. Polarized Light Optical microscopy (PLOM) showed that adding PA, PC or combinations of PA-SiO2 or PC-SiO2 affected the nucleation density of PP. PA droplets can nucleate PP under isothermal conditions producing a higher nucleation density than the addition of PC or PC-SiO2. PLOM was found to be more sensitive to determine differences in nucleation than non-isothermal DSC. PP developed spherulites, whose growth was unaffected by blending, while its overall isothermal crystallizationkinetics was strongly influenced by nucleation effects caused by blending. Addition of nanosilica resulted in an enhancement of the strain at break of PP-PC blends whereas it was observed to weaken PP-PA blends. Keywords：Nanosilica，Nucleation，PP blends1 OverviewImmiscible polymer blends have attracted attention for decades because of their potential application as a simple route to tailor polymer properties. The tension is in two immiscible polymerization stages. This effect usually produces a transfer phase between the pressures that may allow the size of the dispersed phase to be allowed, leading to improved mixing performance.Block copolymers and graft copolymers, as well as some functional polymers. For example, maleic anhydride grafted polyolefins act as compatibilizers in both chemical affinities. They can reduce the droplet volume at the interface by preventing the two polymers from coalescing. In recent years, various studies have emphasized that nanofillers, such as clay carbon nanotubes and silica, can be used as a substitute for organic solubilizers for incompatible polymer morphology-stabilized blends. In addition, in some cases, nanoparticles in combination with other solubilizers promote nanoparticle interface position.The use of solid particle-stabilized emulsions was first discovered in 1907 by Pickering in the case of oil/emulsion containing colloidalparticles. In the production of so-called "Pickling emulsions", solid nanoparticles can be trapped in the interfacial tension between the two immiscible liquids.Some studies have attempted to infer the results of blending with colloidal emulsion polymer blends. Wellman et al. showed that nanosilica particles can be used to inhibit coalescence in poly(dimethylsiloxane)/polyisobutylene polymers. mix. Elias et al. reported that high-temperature silicon nanoparticles can migrate under certain conditions. The polypropylene/polystyrene and PP/polyvinyl acetate blend interfaces form a mechanical barrier to prevent coalescence and reduce the size of the disperse phase.In contrast to the above copolymers and functionalized polymers, the nanoparticles are stable at the interface due to their dual chemical nature. For example, silica can affect nanoparticle-polymer affinities locally, minimizing the total free energy that develops toward the system.The nanofiller is preferentially placed in equilibrium and the wetting parameters can be predicted and calculated. The difference in the interfacial tension between the polymer and the nanoparticles depends on the situation. The free-diffusion of the nanoparticle, which induces the nanoparticles and the dispersed polymer, occurs during the high shear process and shows that the limitation of the viscosity of the polymer hardly affects the Brownian motion.As a result, nanoparticles will exhibit strong affinity at the local interface due to viscosity and diffusion issues. Block copolymers need to chemically target a particular polymer to the nanoparticle may provide a "more generic" way to stabilize the two-phase system.Incorporation of nanosilica may also affect the performance of other blends. To improve the distribution and dispersion of the second stage, mixing can produce rheological and material mechanical properties. Silica particles can also act as nucleating agents to influence the crystallization behavior. One studies the effect of crystalline silica on crystalline polystyrene filled with polybutylene terephthalate (polybutylene terephthalate) fibers. They found a stable fibril crystallization rate by increasing the content of polybutylene terephthalate and silica. On the other hand, no significant change in the melt crystallization temperature of the PA was found in the PA/ABS/SiO2 nanocomposites.The blending of PP with engineering plastics, such as polyesters, polyamides, and polycarbonates, may be a useful way to improve PP properties. That is, improving thermal stability, increasing stiffness, improving processability, surface finish, and dyeability. The surface-integrated nano-silica heat-generating morphologies require hybrid compatibilization for the 80/20 weight ratio of the thermal and tensile properties of the blended polyamide and polypropylene (increasedperformance). Before this work, some studies [22] that is, PA is the main component). This indicates that the interfacially constrained hydrophobic silica nanoparticles obstruct the dispersed phase; from the polymer and allowing a refinement of morphology, reducing the mixing scale can improve the tensile properties of the mixture.The main objective of the present study was to investigate the effect of nanosilica alone on the morphological, crystalline, and tensile properties of mixtures of nanosilica alone (for mixed phases with polypropylene as a matrix and ester as a filler. In particular, PA/PC or PA/nano The effect of SiO 2 and PC/nanosilica on the nucleation and crystallization effects of PP as the main component.We were able to study the determination of the nucleation kinetics of PP and the growth kinetics of the particles by means of polarization optical microscopy. DSC measures the overall crystallization kinetics.Therefore, a more detailed assessment of the nucleation and spherulite growth of PP was performed, however, the effect of nanosilica added in the second stage was not determined. The result was Akemi and Hoffman. And Huffman's crystal theory is reasonable.2 test phase2.1 Raw materialsThe polymer used in this study was a commercial product: isotactic polypropylene came from a homopolymer of polypropylene. The Frenchformula (B10FB melt flow index 2.16Kg = 15.6g / 10min at 240 °C) nylon 6 from DSM engineering plastics, Netherlands (Agulon Fahrenheit temperature 136 °C, melt flow index 240 °C 2.16kg = 5.75g / 10min ) Polycarbonate used the production waste of automotive headlamps, its melt flow index = 5g / 10min at 240 °C and 2.16kg.The silica powder TS530 is from Cabot, Belgium (about 225 m/g average particle (bone grain) about 200-300 nm in length, later called silica is a hydrophobic silica synthesis of hexamethyldisilane by gas phase synthesis. Reacts with silanols on the surface of the particles.2.2 ProcessingPP_PA and PP-PC blends and nanocomposites were hot melt mixed in a rotating twin screw extruder. Extrusion temperatures range from 180 to 240 °C. The surfaces of PP, PA, and PC were vacuumized at 80°C and the polymer powder was mixed into the silica particles. The formed particles were injected into a standard tensile specimen forming machine at 240C (3 mm thickness of D638 in the American Society for Testing Materials). Prior to injection molding, all the spherulites were in a dehumidified vacuum furnace (at a temperature of 80°C overnight). The molding temperature was 30°C. The mold was cooled by water circulation. The mixture of this combination is shown in the table.2.3 Feature Description2.31 Temperature Performance TestA PerkineElmer DSC diamond volume thermal analysis of nanocomposites. The weight of the sample is approximately 5 mg and the scanning speed is 20 °C/min during cooling and heating. The heating history was eliminated, keeping the sample at high temperature (20°C above the melting point) for three minutes. Study the sample's ultra-high purity nitrogen and calibrate the instrument with indium and tin standards.For high temperature crystallization experiments, the sample cooling rate is 60°C/min from the melt directly to the crystal reaching the temperature. The sample is still three times longer than the half-crystallization time of Tc. The procedure was deduced by Lorenzo et al. [24] afterwards.2.3.2 Structural CharacterizationScanning electron microscopy (SEM) was performed at 10 kV using a JEOL JSM 6100 device. Samples were prepared by gold plating after fracture at low temperature. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) micrographs with a Philips cm100 device using 100 kV accelerating voltage. Ultra-low cut resection of the sample was prepared for cutting (Leica Orma).Wide-Angle X-Ray Diffraction Analysis The single-line, Fourier-type, line-type, refinement analysis data were collected using a BRUKER D8 diffractometer with copper Kα radiation (λ = 1.5405A).Scatter angles range from 10o to 25°. With a rotary step sweep 0.01° 2θ and the step time is 0.07s. Measurements are performed on the injection molded disc.This superstructure morphology and observation of spherulite growth was observed using a Leica DM2500P polarized light optical microscope (PLOM) equipped with a Linkam, TP91 thermal stage sample melted in order to eliminate thermal history after; temperature reduction of TC allowed isothermal crystallization to occur from the melt. The form is recorded with a Leica DFC280 digital camera. A sensitive red plate can also be used to enhance contrast and determine the birefringence of the symbol.2.3.3 Mechanical AnalysisTensile tests were carried out to measure the stretch rate at 10 mm/min through a Lloyd LR 10 K stretch bench press. All specimens were subjected to mechanical tests for 20 ± 2 °C and 50 ± 3% relative humidity for at least 48 hours before use. Measurements are averaged over six times.3 results3.1 Characterization by Electron MicroscopyIt is expected that PP will not be mixed with PC, PA because of their different chemical properties (polar PP and polar PC, PA) blends with 80 wt% of PP, and the droplets and matrix of PA and PC are expectedmorphologies [ 1-4] The mixture actually observed through the SEM (see Figures 1 a and b).In fact, because the two components have different polar mixtures that result in the formation of an unstable morphology, it tends to macroscopic phase separation, which allows the system to reduce its total free energy. During shearing during melting, PA or PP is slightly mixed, deformed and elongated to produce unstable slender structures that decompose into smaller spherical nodules and coalesce to form larger droplets (droplets are neat in total The size of the blend is 1 ~ 4mm.) Scanning electron microscopy pictures and PP-PC hybrid PP-PA neat and clean display left through the particle removal at cryogenic temperatures showing typical lack of interfacial adhesion of the immiscible polymer blend.The addition of 5% by weight of hydrophobic silica to the LED is a powerful blend of reduced size of the disperse phase, as can be observed in Figures 1c and D. It is worth noting that most of the dispersed phase droplets are within the submicron range of internal size. The addition of nano-SiO 2 to PA or PC produces finer dispersion in the PP matrix.From the positional morphology results, we can see this dramatic change and the preferential accumulation at the interface of silica nanoparticles, which can be clearly seen in FIG. 2 . PP, PA part of the silicon is also dispersed in the PP matrix. It can be speculated that thisformation of interphase nanoparticles accumulates around the barrier of the secondary phase of the LED, thus mainly forming smaller particles [13, 14, 19, 22]. According to fenouillot et al. [19] Nanoparticles are mixed in a polymer like an emulsifier; in the end they will stably mix. In addition, the preferential location in the interval is due to two dynamic and thermodynamic factors. Nanoparticles are transferred to the preferential phase, and then they will accumulate in the interphase and the final migration process will be completed. Another option is that there isn't a single phase of optimization and the nanoparticles will be set permanently in phase. In the current situation, according to Figure 2, the page is a preferential phase and is expected to have polar properties in it.3.2 Wide-angle x-ray diffractionThe polymer and silica incorporate a small amount of nanoparticles to modify some of the macroscopic properties of the material and the triggered crystal structure of PP. The WAXD experiment was performed to evaluate the effect of the incorporation of silica on the crystalline structure of the mixed PP.Isotactic polypropylene (PP) has three crystalline forms: monoclinic, hexagonal, and orthorhombic [25], and the nature of the mechanical polymer depends on the presence of these crystalline forms. The metastable B form is attractive because of its unusual performance characteristics, including improved impact strength and elongation atbreak.The figure shows a common form of injection molding of the original PP crystal, reflecting the appearance at 2θ = 14.0, 16.6, 18.3, 21.0 and 21.7 corresponding to (110), (040), (130), (111) and (131) The face is an α-ipp.20% of the PA incorporation into PP affects the recrystallization of the crystal structure appearing at 2θ = 15.9 °. The corresponding (300) surface of the β-iPP crystal appears a certain number of β-phases that can be triggered by the nucleation activity of the PA phase in PP (see evidence The following nucleation) is the first in the crystalline blend of PA6 due to its higher crystallization temperature. In fact, Garbarczyk et al. [26] The proposed surface solidification caused by local shear melts the surface of PA6 and PP and forms during the injection process, promoting the formation of β_iPP. According to quantitative parameters, KX (Equation (1)), which is commonly used to evaluate the amount of B-crystallites in PP including one and B, the crystal structure of β-PP has 20% PP_PA (110), H(040) and Blends of H (130) heights (110), (040) and (130). The height at H (300) (300) for type A peaks.However, the B characteristic of 5 wt% silica nanoparticles incorporated into the same hybrid LED eliminates reflection and reflection a-ipp retention characteristics. As will be seen below, the combination of PA and nanosilica induces the most effective nucleatingeffect of PP, and according to towaxd, this crystal formation corresponds to one PP structure completely.The strong reductive fracture strain observations when incorporated into polypropylene and silica nanoparticles (see below) cannot be correlated to the PP crystal structure. In fact, the two original PP and PP_PA_SiO2 hybrids contain α_PP but the original PP has a very high form of failure when the strain value.On the other hand, PP-PC and PP-PC-Sio 2 blends, through their WAXD model, can be proven to contain only one -PP form, which is a ductile material.3.3 Polarized Optical Microscopy (PLOM)To further investigate the effect of the addition of two PAs, the crystallization behavior of PC and silica nanoparticles on PP, the X-ray diffraction analysis of its crystalline structure of PP supplements the study of quantitative blends by using isothermal kinetic conditions under a polarizing microscope. The effect of the composition on the nucleation activity of PP spherulite growth._Polypropylene nucleation activityThe nucleation activity of a polymer sample depends on the heterogeneity in the number and nature of the samples. The second stage is usually a factor in the increase in nucleation density.Figure 4 shows two isothermal crystallization temperatures for thePP nucleation kinetics data. This assumes that each PP spherulite nucleates in a central heterogeneity. Therefore, the number of nascent spherulites is equal to the number of active isomerous nuclear pages, only the nucleus, PP-generated spherulites can be counted, and PP spherulites are easily detected. To, while the PA or PC phases are easily identifiable because they are secondary phases that are dispersed into droplets.At higher temperatures (Fig. 4a), only the PP blend inside is crystallized, although the crystals are still neat PP amorphous at the observed time. This fact indicates that the second stage of the increase has been able to produce PP 144 °C. It is impossible to repeat the porous experiment in the time of some non-homogeneous nucleation events and neat PP exploration.The mixed PP-PC and PP-PC-SiO 2 exhibited relatively low core densities at 144 °C, (3 105 and 3 106 nuc/cm 3) suggesting that either PC nanosilica can also be considered as good shape Nuclear agent is used here for PP.On the other hand, PA, himself, has produced a sporadic increase in the number of nucleating events in PP compared to pure PP, especially in the longer crystallization time (>1000 seconds). In the case of the PP-PA _Sio 2 blend, the heterogeneous nucleation of PP is by far the largest of all sample inspections. All the two stages of the nucleating agent combined with PA and silica are best employed in this work.In order to observe the nucleation of pure PP, a lower crystallization temperature was used. In this case, observations at higher temperatures found a trend that was roughly similar. The neat PP and PP-PC blends have small nucleation densities in the PP-PC-SiO 2 nanocomposite and the increase also adds further PP-PA blends. The very large number of PP isoforms was rapidly activated at 135°C in the PP-PA nanoparticle nanometer SiO 2 composites to make any quantification of their numbers impossible, so this mixed data does not exist from Figure 4b.The nucleation activity of the PC phase of PP is small. The nucleation of any PC in PP can be attributed to impurities that affect the more complex nature of the PA from the PC phase. It is able to crystallize at higher temperatures than PP, fractional crystallization may occur and the T temperature is shifted to much lower values (see References [29-39]. However, as DSC experiments show that in the current case The phase of the PA is capable of crystallizing (fashion before fractionation) the PP matrix, and the nucleation of PP may have epitaxy origin.The material shown in the figure represents a PLOAM micrograph. Pure PP has typical α-phase negative spherulites (Fig. 5A) in the case of PP-PA blends (Fig. 5B), and the PA phase is dispersed with droplets of size greater than one micron (see SEM micrograph, Fig. 1) . We could not observe the spherulites of the B-phase type in PP-PA blends. Even according to WAXD, 20% of them can be formed in injection moldedspecimens. It must be borne in mind that the samples taken using the PLOAM test were cut off from the injection molded specimens but their thermal history (direction) was removed by melting prior to melting for isothermal crystallization nucleation experiments.The PA droplets are markedly enhanced by the nucleation of polypropylene and the number of spherulites is greatly increased (see Figures 4 and 5). Simultaneously with the PP-PA blend of silica nanoparticles, the sharp increase in nucleation density and Fig. 5C indicate that the size of the spherulites is very small and difficult to identify.The PP-PC blends showed signs of sample formation during the PC phase, which was judged by large, irregularly shaped graphs. Significant effects: (a) No coalesced PC phase, now occurring finely dispersed small droplets and (B) increased nucleation density. As shown in the figure above, nano-SiO 2 tends to accumulate at the interface between the two components and prevent coalescence while promoting small disperse phase sizes.From the nucleation point of view, it is interesting to note that it is combined with nanosilica and as a better nucleating agent for PP. Combining PCs with nanosilica does not produce the same increase in nucleation density.Independent experiments (not shown here) PP _ SiO 2 samplesindicate that the number of active cores at 135 °C is almost the same as that of PP-PC-SiO2 intermixing. Therefore, silica cannot be regarded as a PP nucleating agent. Therefore, the most likely explanation for the results obtained is that PA is the most important reason for all the materials used between polypropylene nucleating agents. The increase in nucleation activity to a large extent may be due to the fact that these nanoparticles reduce the size of the PA droplets and improve its dispersion in the PP matrix, improving the PP and PA in the interfacial blend system. Between the regions. DSC results show that nano-SiO 2 is added here without a nuclear PA phase.4 Conclusion5% weight of polypropylene/hydrophobic nanosilica blended polyamide and polypropylene/polycarbonate (80E20 wt/wt) blends form a powerful LED to reduce the size of dispersed droplets. This small fraction of reduced droplet size is due to the preferential migration of silica nanoparticles between the phases PP and PA and PC, resulting in an anti-aggregation and blocking the formation of droplets of the dispersed phase.The use of optical microscopy shows that the addition of PA, the influence of PC's PA-Sio 2 or PC-Sio 2 combination on nucleation, the nucleation density of PP polypropylene under isothermal conditions is in the following approximate order: PP <PP-PC <PP -PC-SiO 2<<PP-PA<<< PP-PA-SiO 2. PA Drip Nucleation PP Production of nucleation densities at isothermal temperatures is higher than with PC or PC Sio 2D. When nanosilica is also added to the PP-PA blend, the dispersion-enhanced mixing of the enhanced nanocomposites yields an intrinsic factor PP-PA-Sio2 blend that represents a PA that is identified as having a high nucleation rate, due to nanoseconds Silicon oxide did not produce any significant nucleation PP. PLOAM was found to be a more sensitive tool than traditional cooling DSC scans to determine differences in nucleation behavior. The isothermal DSC crystallization kinetics measurements also revealed how the differences in nucleation kinetics were compared to the growth kinetic measurements.Blends (and nanocomposites of immiscible blends) and matrix PP spherulite assemblies can grow and their growth kinetics are independent. The presence of a secondary phase of density causes differences in the (PA or PC) and nanosilica nuclei. On the other hand, the overall isothermal crystallization kinetics, including nucleation and growth, strongly influence the nucleation kinetics by PLOAM. Both the spherulite growth kinetics and the overall crystallization kinetics were successfully modeled by Laurie and Huffman theory.Although various similarities in the morphological structure of these two filled and unfilled blends were observed, their mechanical properties are different, and the reason for this effect is currently being investigated.The addition of 5% by weight of hydrophobic nano-SiO 2 resulted in breaking the strain-enhancement of the PP-PC blend and further weakening the PP-PA blend.中文译文纳米二氧化硅对PP-PC和PP-PA共混物的成核，结晶和热塑性能的影响Laoutid F, Estrada E, Michell R M, et al摘要80(wt%)聚丙烯与20(wt %)聚酰胺和聚碳酸酯有或没有添加5%纳米二氧化硅通过熔融混合制备不混溶的共聚物。
